eric
/
FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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    <title>5  Spelling and pronunciation</title>
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        <header>
          <h2><span class="number">5<span class="sep"> </span></span>Spelling and pronunciation</h2>
        </header>

        <p>In an ideal world, words will be pronounced just as they are written. However, since we
          do not live in an ideal world, we see that the pronunciation of certain words does not
          always correspond to their written representation. This is true not only in Russian, but
          in numerous other languages as well, including English. For example: the о in women is
          pronounced as i; the initial w is not pronounced in write, and the t in action is
          pronounced as sh.</p>
        <p>Russian has a specific set of rules which govern those instances where spelling and
          pronunciation differ, and if you can master these rules, you will be well on your way to
          acquiring good pronunciation skills in Russian.</p>
        <figure id="R_ch1_s5_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
            <colgroup>
              <col style="width: 20%" />
              <col style="width: 80%" />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>REMEMBER:</td>
                <td>
                  <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                    <li>
                      <p>Vowels carry stress and in Russian the stress can fall on any syllable in a
                        word.</p>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <p>Russian words have only one stress.</p>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <p>Stress is not part of Russian orthography. However, many teaching materials
                        mark stress as an aid in learning.</p>
                    </li>
                    <li>
                      <p>The way a vowel is pronounced depends on whether it is stressed or not.
                        This is a very important rule and we'll discuss it in a little more detail
                        in the next section.</p>
                    </li>
                  </ol>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
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        <tr>
          <td class="previous"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>Practice in
            Russian phonetics</td>
          <td class="up"><a href="index.html">Home</a></td>
          <td class="next"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"> </span></span>Rule 1: the vowels
            o and a</td>
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      </table><nav class="tocopen"></nav><nav class="toc"></nav><!-- Hide ToC details from user agents that don’t support JS --><script type="text/html" class="tocopen"><span>[toc]</span></script><script type="text/html" class="toc"><header>
          <span>Table of Contents</span>
          <span class="close"><span>╳</span></span>
        </header><div>
          <ul class="toc">
            <li><a href="pf01.html">Preface</a></li>
            <li><a href="pf02.html">Introduction</a></li>
            <li><a href="pf03.html">Fast tapes</a></li>
            <li><a href="ch01.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">1<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                1</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch01.html#R_ch1_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сский
                    алфави́т</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Russian alphabet</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Russian phonetics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Practice in Russian phonetics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Spelling and pronunciation</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Rule 2: The vowels <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >е</span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Reading exercises</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Learning Russian script</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch02.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">2<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                2</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch02.html#R_ch2_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Добро́ пожа́ловать в
                      Росси́ю</span>! Welcome to Russia!</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch02s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта
                      ми́ра</span>.</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch03.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">3<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                3</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch03.html#R_ch3_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дава́йте
                      познако́мимся!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Russian names</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>When to use <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</span> and
                      <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Examples of names and patronymics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Getting someone's attention/Addressing strangers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >Упражне́ния</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond "how do you do?"</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Russian intonation system</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch04.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">4<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                4</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch04.html#R_ch4_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Семья</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 1-10</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening comprehension exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch05.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">5<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                5</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch05.html#R_ch5_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы
                      рабо́таете?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 11-20</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Days of the week</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Months of the year</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening comprehension exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Days of the week</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Months of the year</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch06.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">6<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                6</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch06.html#R_ch6_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы
                    живёте?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch07.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">7<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                7</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch07.html#R_ch7_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы идём в
                      магази́н!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В
                  магази́не</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond matryoshka</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ско́лько?</span>
                    <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ско́лько сто́ит?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы идём на
                      ры́нок!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На
                  ры́нке</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond apples and oranges</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>What's going on?</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 100-1000</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s14.html"><span class="number">14<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s15.html"><span class="number">15<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Whats going on?</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s16.html"><span class="number">16<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond samovars</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s17.html"><span class="number">17<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s18.html"><span class="number">18<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s19.html"><span class="number">19<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Personal Pronouns</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s20.html"><span class="number">20<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s21.html"><span class="number">21<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s22.html"><span class="number">22<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Colors</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch08.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">8<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                8</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch08.html#R_ch8_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span>«<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Щи да ка́ша, пи́ща
                      на́ша</span>»</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Restaurants:</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>A
                    Russian menu</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond chicken Kiev</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На столе</span>́ / on
                    the dinner table</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Ordinal Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Instrumental Case</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Personal Pronouns</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s14.html"><span class="number">14<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch09.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">9<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                9</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch09.html#R_ch9_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На маши́не по
                      го́роду</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Доро́жные зна́ки</span>
                    / Road signs</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond the metro</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">По у́лицам
                      Москвы́</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch10.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">10<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                10</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch10.html#R_ch10_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В
                  гости́нице</span>.</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й но́мер вам
                      ну́жен?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</span>
                    <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром часу́?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня́ в но́мере
                      нет</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Using what you've learned in this lesson</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch11.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">11<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                11</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch11.html#R_ch11_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Телефо́н</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Review the months of the year in Russian. (The forms in
                    parentheses are the GENITIVE CASE.)</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Review dialogs</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>End!</a></li>
              </ul></li>
          </ul>
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