eric
/
FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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    <title>4  In case you were wondering</title>
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  <body><nav class="top"><div>
        <a href="index.html">Home</a>
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      </div></nav><main><section id="R_ch6_s4" db-chunk="ch06s04.html" db-id="d134e28045"
        class="section">
        <header>
          <h2><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>In case you were wondering</h2>
        </header>

        <section id="R_ch6_s4_s1" class="section">
          <header>
            <h3><span class="number">4<span class="sep">.</span>1<span class="sep"
              > </span></span>The Russian Verb</h3>
          </header>

          <p>Compared to the complexity of the English verbal system, the Russian one is quite
            simple.</p>
          <figure id="R_ch6_s4_s1_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
              <colgroup>
                <col style="width: 28%" />
                <col style="width: 36%" />
                <col style="width: 36%" />
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center middle">PAST</td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p>I worked</p>
                    <p>I did work</p>
                    <p>I was working</p>
                    <p>I had worked</p>
                    <p>I had been working</p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я
                    рабо́тал</span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center middle">PRESENT</td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p>I work</p>
                    <p>I do work</p>
                    <p>I am working</p>
                    <p>I have worked</p>
                    <p>I have been working</p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я
                    рабо́таю</span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center middle">FUTURE</td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p>I will work</p>
                    <p>I will be working</p>
                    <p>I will have worked</p>
                    <p>I will have been working</p>
                    <p>I am going to work</p>
                    <p>I am going to be working</p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center middle"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я бу́ду
                      рабо́тать</span></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table></figure>
        </section>

        <section id="R_ch6_s4_s2" class="section">
          <header>
            <h3><span class="number">4<span class="sep">.</span>2<span class="sep"
              > </span></span>The Past Tense</h3>
          </header>

          <p>Past tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case) in
            gender or number. To form the past tense, take the infinitive <span lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase">работать</span>, drop the ending <span lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase">-ть</span> and add <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
              >-л</span>, <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-ла</span>, <span lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase">-ло</span> or <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
            >-ли</span>.</p>
          <figure id="R_ch6_s4_s2_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td class="bleft btop center">
                    <p><strong class="bold"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Он</span></strong></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="btop center">
                    <p><strong class="bold"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                        >Она́</span></strong></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="btop center">
                    <p><strong class="bold"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                        >Оно́</span></strong></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="btop center colsep">
                    <p><strong class="bold"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                        >Они</span>́</strong></p>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="bleft center">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́тал</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́тала</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center colsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы рабо́тали</span></p>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="bleft center">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тал</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тала</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center">
                    <p></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center colsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы рабо́тали</span></p>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="bleft center rowsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он рабо́тал</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center rowsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она рабо́тала</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center rowsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно рабо́тало</span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td class="center colsep rowsep">
                    <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они рабо́тали</span></p>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table></figure>
        </section>
        <section id="R_ch6_s4_s3" class="section">
          <header>
            <h3><span class="number">4<span class="sep">.</span>3<span class="sep"
              > </span></span>The Present Tense</h3>
          </header>

          <p>Present tense verbs agree with their subjects (which are always in the nominative case)
            in person and number. There are two conjugation patterns for the present tense. They
            differ only by the vowel which is used in the endings:</p>
          <figure id="R_ch6_s4_s3_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th class="center">First conjugation</th>
                  <th class="center">Second conjugation</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ю</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я говор<strong
                        class="bold">ю</strong>́</span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты рабо́тае<strong
                        class="bold">шь</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́шь</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ет</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́т</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ет</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она́ говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́т</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ет</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно́ говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́т</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ем</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́м</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ете</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы говор<strong
                        class="bold">и́те</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они рабо́та<strong
                        class="bold">ют</strong></span></td>
                  <td class="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́ говор<strong
                        class="bold">я́т</strong></span></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table></figure>
        </section>

        <section id="R_ch6_s4_s4" class="section">
          <header>
            <h3><span class="number">4<span class="sep">.</span>4<span class="sep"
              > </span></span>The future tense</h3>
          </header>

          <p>There are two ways to form verbs in the future tense:</p>
          <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
            <li>
              <p>Using a "helping verb" plus the<strong class="bold"> imperfective</strong>
                infinitive:</p>
              <figure id="R_ch6_s4_s4_orderedlist1_listitem1_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я бу́ду рабо́тать</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы бу́дем рабо́тать</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты бу́дешь рабо́тать</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вы бу́дете рабо́тать</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он бу́дет рабо́тать</span></td>
                      <td></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она бу́дет рабо́тать</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они́ бу́дут рабо́тать</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно бу́дет рабо́тать </span></td>
                      <td></td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table></figure>
            </li>
            <li>
              <p>Conjugating a <strong class="bold">perfective</strong> infinitive:</p>
              <figure id="R_ch6_s4_s4_orderedlist1_listitem2_informaltable1" class="informaltable"><table>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я порабо́таю</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">мы порабо́таем</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ты порабо́таешь</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">вч порабо́таете</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">он порабо́тает</span></td>
                      <td></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">она пораб́отает</span></td>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">они порабо́тают</span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оно пораб́отает</span></td>
                      <td></td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table></figure>
            </li>
          </ol>
          <p>The terms <strong class="bold">imperfective</strong> and <strong class="bold"
              >perfective</strong> refer to the distinction between 2 verbs whose actual meaning is
            the same, but whose focus shifts from viewing the action as process (ongoing in the
            past, present or future) to viewing a "limit" having been reached (in the past or
            future; present is precluded). Sometimes this limit is an "end" (a result) and other
            times it is a "beginning". For a more complete explanation of this phenomenon, consult a
            Russian grammar.</p>
        </section>
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          <td class="up"><a href="ch06.html">Up</a></td>
          <td class="next"><a href="ch06s05.html">Next</a></td>
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        <tr>
          <td class="previous"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"> </span></span>Listening
            Comprehension Exercise</td>
          <td class="up"><a href="index.html">Home</a></td>
          <td class="next"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"> </span></span>Useful words and
            expressions</td>
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      </table><nav class="tocopen"></nav><nav class="toc"></nav><!-- Hide ToC details from user agents that don’t support JS --><script type="text/html" class="tocopen"><span>[toc]</span></script><script type="text/html" class="toc"><header>
          <span>Table of Contents</span>
          <span class="close"><span>╳</span></span>
        </header><div>
          <ul class="toc">
            <li><a href="pf01.html">Preface</a></li>
            <li><a href="pf02.html">Introduction</a></li>
            <li><a href="pf03.html">Fast tapes</a></li>
            <li><a href="ch01.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">1<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                1</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch01.html#R_ch1_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ру́сский
                    алфави́т</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Russian alphabet</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Russian phonetics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Practice in Russian phonetics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Spelling and pronunciation</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Rule 1: the vowels o and a</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Rule 2: The vowels <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >е</span> and <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">я</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Reading exercises</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch01s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Learning Russian script</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch02.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">2<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                2</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch02.html#R_ch2_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Добро́ пожа́ловать в
                      Росси́ю</span>! Welcome to Russia!</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch02s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Росси́я и ка́рта
                      ми́ра</span>.</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch03.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">3<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                3</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch03.html#R_ch3_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Дава́йте
                      познако́мимся!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Russian names</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>When to use <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</span> and
                      <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ты</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Addressing friends and acquaintances in Russian</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Examples of names and patronymics</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Getting someone's attention/Addressing strangers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >Упражне́ния</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond "how do you do?"</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Russian intonation system</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch03s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch04.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">4<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                4</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch04.html#R_ch4_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Семья</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 1-10</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening comprehension exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch04s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch05.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">5<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                5</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch05.html#R_ch5_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы
                      рабо́таете?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 11-20</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Days of the week</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Months of the year</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening comprehension exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Days of the week</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch05s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Months of the year</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch06.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">6<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                6</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch06.html#R_ch6_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы
                    живёте?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>In
                    case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch06s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch07.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">7<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                7</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch07.html#R_ch7_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы идём в
                      магази́н!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В
                  магази́не</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond matryoshka</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ско́лько?</span>
                    <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ско́лько сто́ит?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы идём на
                      ры́нок!</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На
                  ры́нке</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond apples and oranges</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>What's going on?</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers from 100-1000</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s14.html"><span class="number">14<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s15.html"><span class="number">15<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Whats going on?</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s16.html"><span class="number">16<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond samovars</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s17.html"><span class="number">17<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s18.html"><span class="number">18<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s19.html"><span class="number">19<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Personal Pronouns</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s20.html"><span class="number">20<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s21.html"><span class="number">21<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch07s22.html"><span class="number">22<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Colors</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch08.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">8<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                8</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch08.html#R_ch8_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span>«<span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Щи да ка́ша, пи́ща
                      на́ша</span>»</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Restaurants:</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"> </span></span>A
                    Russian menu</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond chicken Kiev</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На столе</span>́ / on
                    the dinner table</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Ordinal Numbers</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>The Instrumental Case</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Personal Pronouns</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch08s14.html"><span class="number">14<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch09.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">9<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                9</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch09.html#R_ch9_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На маши́не по
                      го́роду</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Доро́жные зна́ки</span>
                    / Road signs</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Beyond the metro</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">По у́лицам
                      Москвы́</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch09s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch10.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">10<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                10</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch10.html#R_ch10_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В
                  гости́нице</span>.</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Како́й но́мер вам
                      ну́жен?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</span>
                    <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром часу́?</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У меня́ в но́мере
                      нет</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Using what you've learned in this lesson</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s11.html"><span class="number">11<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s12.html"><span class="number">12<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>In case you were wondering</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch10s13.html"><span class="number">13<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
              </ul></li>
            <li><a href="ch11.html"><span class="label">Chapter<span class="sep"
                  > </span></span><span class="number">11<span class="sep">. </span></span>Lesson
                11</a><ul class="toc">
                <li><a href="ch11.html#R_ch11_s1"><span class="number">1<span class="sep"
                      > </span></span><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Телефо́н</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s02.html"><span class="number">2<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s03.html"><span class="number">3<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Review the months of the year in Russian. (The forms in
                    parentheses are the GENITIVE CASE.)</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s04.html"><span class="number">4<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s05.html"><span class="number">5<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s06.html"><span class="number">6<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Setting the scene</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s07.html"><span class="number">7<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Review dialogs</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s08.html"><span class="number">8<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Listening Comprehension Exercise</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s09.html"><span class="number">9<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>Useful words and expressions</a></li>
                <li><a href="ch11s10.html"><span class="number">10<span class="sep"
                    > </span></span>End!</a></li>
              </ul></li>
          </ul>
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