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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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              acquaintances in Russian</h2>
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      <p>The first name is the most common form of address between persons who enjoy a close
        relationship. The use of the various forms of the first name (similar to our American
        nicknames) is influenced by the degree of intimacy in the relationship. The greater the
        intimacy, the more variety in these forms. For example:</p>
      <div class="variablelist">
        <dl class="variablelist">
          <dt><span class="term">A</span></dt>
          <dd><p>Full forms of the first name <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span
                class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Влади́мир</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Татья́на</em></span>)</strong></span>are the most neutral forms of address
              between individuals who are on either <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >Вы</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >ты</em></span></strong></span> terms.</p></dd>
          <dt><span class="term">B</span></dt>
          <dd><p>Shortened forms without suffixes <span class="bold"><strong>(</strong></span><span
                class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Воло́дя</em></span>,<span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >Та́ня</em></span>)</strong></span> indicate a certain degree of closeness. These
              forms are often used interchangeably with those in category A and are appropriate when
              the relationship is either <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >Вы</em></span></strong></span> or <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >ты</em></span></strong></span>.</p></dd>
          <dt><span class="term">C</span></dt>
          <dd><p>Nicknames with the suffix -ка (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Воло́дька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Та́нька</em></span></strong></span>) imply intimacy which may be without
              affection. The younger generation prefers these very informal forms and depending on
              the situation, they could also be interpreted as condescending.</p></dd>
          <dt><span class="term">D</span></dt>
          <dd><p>Only if the individuals are on <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  >ты</em></span></strong></span> terms should the "diminutive" or"affectionate"
              forms of the name be used. Nicknames with these suffixes, -<span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">ечка</em></span></strong></span>, -<span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">енька</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"
                    ><strong>-<span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">юша</em></span>,</strong></span>-<span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">юшка</em></span></strong></span> (<span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Воло́дечка</em></span></strong></span>, <span
                class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Воло́денька</em></span></strong></span>,<span
                class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Та́нечка</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Таню́ша</em></span></strong></span>) have a very
              specific coloring and non-native speakers of Russian will want to take care in using
              them. Russian women seem to favor the use of diminutive forms more than men and as you
              might suspect, men will use diminutive forms when addressing women, but not when
              addressing other men.</p></dd>
          <dt><span class="term">E</span></dt>
          <dd><p>Nicknames with a "zero" ending (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Воло́дь</em></span></strong></span>, <span class="bold"><strong><span
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Тань</em></span></strong></span>) belong almost exclusively to the younger
              generation and non-native speakers should avoid them. They are used as a type of <span
                class="italic">vocative </span>case, that is, when trying to get someone's
              attention.</p></dd>
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              class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы</em></span> and <span
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