eric
/
FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524
							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html
  PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <title>The Russian intonation system</title>
    <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2" />
    <link rel="home" href="index.xhtml" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course" />
    <link rel="up" href="ch03.xhtml" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3" />
    <link rel="prev" href="ch03s10.xhtml" title="In case you were wondering" />
    <link rel="next" href="ch03s12.xhtml" title="Useful words and expressions" />
  </head>
  <body><div class="navheader">
      <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
        <tr>
          <th colspan="3" align="center">The Russian intonation system</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.xhtml">Prev</a> </td>
          <th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Lesson 3</th>
          <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.xhtml">Next</a></td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <hr />
    </div><div class="section">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e7652"></a>The Russian intonation
              system</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <p>Much in the same way as English does, Russian uses a system of rising and falling
        intonations within a sentence to indicate that it is: a declarative statement, a question or
        an exclamation. Examine the following English sentences. Note their punctuation and attempt
        to read them with the proper intonation:</p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard.</strong></span></p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard?</strong></span></p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard!</strong></span></p>
      <p>Now listen as your instructor reads this set of similar sentences in Russian. Note where
        the "center" of intonation is (always on the word in question or a question word, in a
        question), and the rise and fall of the voice:</p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ.</em></span></strong></span></p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ?</em></span></strong></span></p>
      <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                class="foreignphrase">Ва́ша дочь око́нчила МГУ!</em></span></strong></span></p>
      <p>The Russian intonation patterns have been organized into a system which refers to them as
        "intonation constructions" or "ИК". There are 5 basic patterns:</p>
      <div class="orderedlist">
        <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
          <li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-1. </strong>for declarative sentences, statements. The
              tone is even,with a slight falling off at the end. Often this intonation is perceived
              by speakers of English as "boring", but you should resist the temptation to "jazz it
              up".</p><p>For example:</p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                  xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя́ фами́лия Моро́зов. Меня́ зову́т Никола́й
                  Петро́вич. Э́то моя́ жена́. Её зову́т Екатери́на Васи́льевна. Мы москвичи́. Мы
                  живём в Москве́.</em></span></p></li>
          <li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-2. </strong>for questions containing a question word
                (<span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                      xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span>
              <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></strong></span><span class="bold"
                    ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase"> Как?</em></span></strong></span>
              <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></strong></span>
              <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span>, etc.). The
              intonation rises on the question word and then drops and levels off for the rest of
              the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Кто э́то? Что э́то?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Как вас зову́т?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Где вы живёте? Где вы рабо́таете?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Когда́ вы прие́хали в Москву́?</em></span></p>
            </div></li>
          <li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-3. </strong>for questions which do NOT contain a
              question word. This pattern is used to turn declarative sentences into questions
              without changing word order. The intonation rises on the word in question and then
              drops and levels off for the rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div
              class="informalexample">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Вы говори́те по-ру́сски? Вы хорошо́ говори́те по-ру́сски?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посо́льстве?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Вы давно́ в Москве́?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Э́то ва́ша маши́на?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У
                    вас есть де́ти?</em></span></p>
            </div></li>
          <li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-4. </strong>for "incomplete" questions which are
              usually prefaced with «A..?». In a dialog, these refer back to a question asked
              previously. The intonation dips slightly at the beginning of the question, then rises
              sharply and continues to rise to the end of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div
              class="informalexample">
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >-Как дела́?</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >-Оч́ень хорошо́, спаси́бо. А у вас? [А как у вас дела́?)</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Мой сын у́чится в университе́те. А ваш? (Где у́чится ваш сын?)</em></span></p>
              <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Ле́том мы пое́дем на Чёрное мо́ре. А вы? (Куда́ вы пое́дете
                  ле́том?)</em></span></p>
            </div></li>
          <li class="listitem"><p><strong>ИК-5. </strong>for exclamations which may be either
              sincere or sarcastic, depending on the context. The intonation rises at the beginning
              of the sentence, levels off, stays high and then drops at the end of the
              sentence.</p><div class="informaltable">
              <table border="1" width="100%">
                <col width="35%" />
                <col width="65%" />
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td>
                  <td>(the sun is shining, the sky is blue, the birds are singing...)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Кака́я сего́дня пого́да!</em></span></td>
                  <td>(it's raining cats and dogs, the wind is howling...)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td>
                  <td>(a real Pavarotti!)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Како́й у него́ го́лос!</em></span></td>
                  <td>(he couldn't carry a tune in a bushel basket...)</td>
                </tr>
              </table>
            </div></li>
        </ol>
      </div>
      <p>Now close your books and listen carefully as your instructor reads the following sentences
        aloud. Can you identify which are statements, and which are questions?</p>
      <div class="informalexample">
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table border="0" width="100%">
            <col width="1cm" />
            <col width="394" />
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">1.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Москва́ - столи́ца Росси́и.</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>2.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Москва́ столи́ца Росси́и?</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">3.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посо́льстве.</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">4.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Вы рабо́таете в америка́нском посол́ьстве?</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">5.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Его́ зову́т Евге́ний Петрович.</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">6.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Его зовут Евгений Петро́вич?</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">7.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >У неё дво́е дете́й.</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">8.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >У неё дво́е дете́й?</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td>9.</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >А у вас? Как у вас дела́?</em></span></td>
            </tr>
            <tr valign="top">
              <td align="left">10</td>
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Кака́я интере́сная карти́на!</em></span></td>
            </tr>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <p>The chart on the next page gives you a visual representation of these intonation
        constructions.</p>
      <div class="informaltable">
        <table border="1" width="100%">
          <col width="10%" />
          <col width="15%" />
          <col width="25%" />
          <col width="25%" />
          <col width="25%" />
          <thead align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="bold"><strong>ик</strong></span></td>
              <td colspan="4">TABLE OF INTONATION CONSTRUCTIONS</td>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td valign="middle">ИК-1</td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-1.png" />
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Здесь.</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-2.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Здесь остано́вка.</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td align="left">
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-3.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Э́то пя́тый авто́бус.</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-4.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Вот университе́т.</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
          <tbody align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td valign="middle">ИК-2</td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-1.png" />
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Кто?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-2.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Где он живёт?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-3.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Почему́ так?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-4.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Что эт́о?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
          <tbody align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td valign="middle">ИК-3</td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-1.png" />
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Здесь?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-2.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >-Здесь остано́вка?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-3.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >-Э́то пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-4.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Она́ поёт?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
          <tbody align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td valign="middle">ИК-4</td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-1.png" />
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >А вы?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-2.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >А ваш сын?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-3.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >А пя́тый авто́бус?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-4.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >А университе́т?</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
          <tbody align="center">
            <tr valign="top">
              <td valign="middle">ИК-5</td>
              <td valign="middle">-------</td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-2.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Как она́ танцу́ет!</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-3.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Замеча́тельный го́лос!</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
              <td>
                <div class="mediaobject">
                  <table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img"
                    style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106">
                    <tr>
                      <td><img src="../../Images/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-4.png" width="106"
                         /></td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </div>
                <p>
                  <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                      >Настоя́щая весна́!</em></span>
                </p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
    </div><div class="navfooter">
      <hr />
      <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
        <tr>
          <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.xhtml">Prev</a> </td>
          <td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.xhtml">Up</a></td>
          <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.xhtml">Next</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">In case you were wondering </td>
          <td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.xhtml">Home</a></td>
          <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Useful words and expressions</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div></body>
</html>