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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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            <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e21755"></a>In case you were
              wondering</h2>
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      <div class="section">
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            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e21757"></a>Verbs of Motion</h3>
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        <p>When speaking of actions which involve motion, either with or without some form of
          transport, Russian uses a system of verbs commonly referred to as the "verbs of motion".
          These verbs are grouped in a way unique from other verbs and, in many respects, follow
          their own logic and system in terms of usage. The following is a very brief and schematic
          explanation of these verbs. For more detailed information, you should consult any of the
          handbooks on Russian grammar available.</p>
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      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e21760"></a>"Going" verbs</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>There are 3 verbs which convey the message of simply "going":</p>
        <p>These are:</p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">идти́</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">пойти́</em></span></p></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <p>To best understand how these are used, study the examples below:</p>
        <div class="orderedlist">
          <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span> (multi-directional,
                indeterminate)</p><div class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Де́ти хо́дят в шко́лу.</em></span></td>
                      <td>The children go to school. (They make regular trips there and back.)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Де́ти хо́дят по па́рку.</em></span></td>
                      <td>The children are strolling about the park. (random motion, no goal)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Де́ти ходи́ли в кино́.</em></span></td>
                      <td>The children went to the movies. (They made one round trip, there and
                        back.)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Ребёнок уже́ хо́дит.</em></span></td>
                      <td>The child is already walking. (He/she can perform the action.)</td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">Идти́</em></span> (uni-directional, determinate)</p><div
                class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Он идёт по у́лице.</em></span></td>
                      <td>He's going along the street. (action in progress, directed toward a
                        goal)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Когда́ он шёл в магази́н, он встре́тил своего́
                            дру́га.</em></span></td>
                      <td>While on his way to the store, he met his friend. (goal-directed action in
                        progress, "intersected" by a secondary action)</td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">Пойти́</em></span> (setting out; future intent to
                go)</p><div class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td align="left"><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Где ва́ша сестра́? Она пошла́ в
                          библиоте́ку.</em></span></td>
                      <td>Where's your sister? She's left for the library.</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">За́втра мы пойдём в музе́й.</em></span></td>
                      <td>Tomorrow we'll go to the museum.</td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
          </ol>
        </div>
        <p>All these verbs simply convey the meaning of "going" and say nothing about HOW that
          action will be accomplished. If it is necessary to emphasize that you will be "walking",
          you need to add <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase">пешком</em></span> after the verb.</p>
        <p>For example:</p>
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table class="informaltable" border="0">
            <colgroup>
              <col />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">У́тром де́ти иду́т в шко́лу пешко́м.</em></span></td>
                <td>The children walk to school in the morning.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Я люблю́ ходит́ь пешко́м.</em></span></td>
                <td>I like to walk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Они́ хотя́т пойти́ в музе́й пешко́м.</em></span></td>
                <td>They want to walk to the museum.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e21850"></a>"Transport" verbs</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>If you are emphasizing that you are using a form of transportation, you will use the
          following verbs:</p>
        <p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">е́здить</em></span></strong></span> (for <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">ходи́ть</em></span></strong></span>) <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">е́хать</em></span></strong></span> (for <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">идти́</em></span></strong></span>) <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">пое́хать</em></span></strong></span> (for <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">пойти</em></span></strong></span>́) and indicate, if you
          wish, the form of transport in the following manner:</p>
        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на
              маши́не</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase">на авто́бусе</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru"
            class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на трамва́е</em></span>,
            <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">на
              метро́</em></span>, etc.</p>
        <p><span class="bold"><strong>For example</strong></span>:</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <div class="informaltable">
            <table class="informaltable" border="0">
              <colgroup>
                <col />
                <col />
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                          class="foreignphrase">Мы е́здили туда́ на маши́не. </em></span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <p>We went there by car. </p>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Он лю́бит е́здить на метро́.</em></span></td>
                  <td>He likes to take the metro.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                        class="foreignphrase">Мы пое́дем в Москву́ на по́езде.</em></span></td>
                  <td>We'll take the train to Moscow.</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
          <table border="0" summary="Note">
            <tr>
              <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]"
                  src="file:/home/eric/bin/Xml/Oxygen%20XML%20Editor%2021/frameworks/docbook/css/img/note.png"
                 /></td>
              <th align="left">Note</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                      xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Авто́бус (тролле́йбус, трамва́й, по́езд):
                      хо́дит/идёт.</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                      xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Маши́на:
                е́здит/е́дет.</em></span></p></td>
            </tr>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p><span class="bold"><strong>For example:</strong></span></p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот
                идёт наш авто́бус.</em></span></p>
          <p>There goes our bus.</p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы не
                зна́ете, како́й трамва́й идёт до библиоте́ки?</em></span></p>
          <p>Would you happen to know which bus goes to the library?</p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >Смотри́те! Вот е́дет маши́на президе́нта!</em></span></p>
          <p>Look! There goes the President's car!</p>
        </div>
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