eric
/
FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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            <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e24269"></a>In case you were
              wondering</h2>
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      <div class="section">
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          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e24271"></a>Telling time</h3>
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        </div>
        <p>When you need to find out the time, ask: <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кото́рый (сейча́с)
                  час</em></span></strong></span>?</p>
        <p>You'll hear in reply:</p>
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table class="informaltable" border="0">
            <colgroup>
              <col />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с час.</em></span></td>
                <td>It's one o'clock.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с два часа́.</em></span></td>
                <td>It's two o'clock.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Сейча́с де́сять часо́в.</em></span></td>
                <td>It's ten o'clock.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p>When you need to know WHEN? you may use one of the following two</p>
        <p>questions: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
              class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                    >Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></em></span> and <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром часу́?</em></span></strong></span></p>
        <p>There are two ways of answering these questions:</p>
        <div class="orderedlist">
          <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                          class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                          >Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></em></span> This is less specific and
                may be answered by saying:</p><div class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">У́тром.</em></span></td>
                      <td>In the morning (from about 5:00 am to noon)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Днём.</em></span></td>
                      <td>In the daytime (from noon to about 6:00 pm)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Ве́чером.</em></span></td>
                      <td>In the evening (from 6:00 pm to midnight)</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">Но́чью.</em></span></td>
                      <td>At night (from midnight to about 5:00 am)</td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В кото́ром
                        часу́?</em></span></strong></span> This is more specific and indicates the
                hour:</p><div class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td>
                      <td>At one o'clock.</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">В два/три/четы́ре (часа́).</em></span></td>
                      <td>At two/three/four o'clock.</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">В пять/шесть/семь (часо́в)</em></span></td>
                      <td>At five/six/seven o'clock.</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p>
                          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">В во́семь /де́вять /де́сять (часо́в)</em></span>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                          <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">В оди́ннадцать /двена́дцать (часо́в)</em></span>
                        </p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p>At eight /nine /ten </p>
                        <p>At eleven /twelve o'clock.</p>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
          </ol>
        </div>
        <p>To indicate am add <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                  ><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́чи</em></span></strong></span> or
            <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">у́тра</em></span></strong></span> after the hour:</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В час
                но́чи. В семь часо́в утра́.</em></span></p>
        </div>
        <p>For p_m, add <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                  xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">дня</em></span></strong></span> or <span
            class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">ве́чера</em></span></strong></span>.</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">В два
                часа́ дня. В оди́ннадцать часо́в ве́чера.</em></span></p>
          <p>То indicate partial hours, Russian uses a very complex system which is gradually being
            replaced by a simpler one based on the 24-hour clock. Study the following examples:</p>
        </div>
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table class="informaltable" border="0">
            <colgroup>
              <col />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В час.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 1:00 am.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В четы́ре три́дцать.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 4:30 am.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В де́вять со́рок пять.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 9:45 am.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В трина́дцать де́сять.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 1:10 pm. (13:10)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В семна́дцать три́дцать.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 5:30 pm. (17:30)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В два́дцать пятна́дцать.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 8:15 pm. (20:15)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В два́дцать три три́дцать.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 11:30 pm. (23:30)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p>But you will also hear these:</p>
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table class="informaltable" border="0">
            <colgroup>
              <col />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В полови́не пя́того утра́.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 4:30am. (lit. half five in the morning)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Без пятна́дцати де́сять утра́.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 9:45am. (lit. 10 less 15 [minutes])</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В де́сять мину́т второ́го.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 1:10pm. (lit. 10 minutes of the second hour)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В полови́не шесто́го ве́чера.</em></span></td>
                <td>At 5:30pm. (lit. half six in the evening)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e24425"></a>The Genitive Case to indicate absence or lack
                of</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>Russian uses the Genitive case and the unchanging negative verb forms <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">НЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (present tense) <span
            class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">HÉ БЫЛО</em></span></strong></span> (past tense) and <span
            class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">HE БУ́ДЕТ</em></span></strong></span> (future tense) to show
          that someone or something is lacking/missing.</p>
        <p>Compare the following sentences:</p>
        <div class="orderedlist">
          <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">В но́мере есть телеви́зор. В но́мере нет.
                    телеви́зора.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице была́ по́чта. В гости́нице не́ было
                    по́чты.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">У меня́ бу́дут де́ньги. У меня́ не бу́дет
                  де́нег.</em></span></p></li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e24445"></a><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №37</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p>Translate the following into English.</p>
          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В ва́нной ко́мнате нет туале́тной
                  бума́ги.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В но́мере нет телефо́на.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице нет бюро́
                обслу́живания.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">В гости́нице не́ было
                парикма́херской.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">На этаже́ не́ было дежу́рной.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">Сего́дня нет администра́тора.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">За́втра не бу́дет го́рничной.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">У меня́ нет дете́й.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">У нас не́ было маши́ны.</em></span></p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">У них не бу́дет свобо́дного
                вре́мени.</em></span></p></li>
            </ol>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e24481"></a>Collective numerals</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>Russian uses special forms of the numerals with the words:</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >су́тки</em></span> (a 24-hour period)</p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">де́ти
                (children)</em></span></p>
        </div>
        <p>and a few others which exist only in the plural.</p>
        <div class="informaltable">
          <table class="informaltable" border="0">
            <colgroup>
              <col class="c1" />
              <col class="c2" />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">одни́ су́тки</em></span></td>
                <td>(but: <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">оди́н ребёнок</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">оди́н
                    сын</em></span>, <span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">одна́ дочь</em></span>)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">дво́е су́ток</em></span></td>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">дво́е дете́й</em></span></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">тро́е су́ток</em></span></td>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">тро́е дете́й</em></span></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">че́тверо су́ток</em></span></td>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">че́тверо дете́й</em></span></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">пя́теро су́ток</em></span></td>
                <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                      class="foreignphrase">пя́теро дете́й</em></span></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
        <p>Note that these numerals are ALWAYS followed by the noun in the GENITIVE PLURAL CASE.</p>
        <p>Study the following examples:</p>
        <div class="orderedlist">
          <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">Мне ну́жен но́мер на дво́е су́ток.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">Ско́лько вы у нас пробу́дете?</em></span></p><p><span
                  xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Тро́е
                    су́ток.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">У вас есть де́ти?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Да, есть.
                    Ско́лько?</em></span></p><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Тро́е.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">У нас дво́е дете́й: оди́н сын и одна́
                дочь.</em></span></p></li>
            <li class="listitem"><p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                    class="foreignphrase">У них больша́я семья́: че́тверо
              дете́й!</em></span></p></li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>
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