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<center><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+2><font color="#993366">Ting
- The Chinese Study Center</font></font><font size=+1>
<p><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#993366">Frequently Asked Questions
</font></font></font></center>
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<blockquote><blockquote>
	<p>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<a NAME="index"></a>
	<ol>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#main features">What
are the main features</a>?</font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#How use">How
do I use the topics pages</a>?</font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#Adjust sound">How
do I adjust the sound</a>?</font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#Why don't hear">Why
don't I hear anything</a>?</font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#What is an mp3">What
is an .mp3 file?</a></font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#Why not see">Why
can't I see Chinese characters?</a></font></font></font></b></li>

<br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099"><font size=-1>
		<a href="funaq.html#chineseversion">I
have Chinese Windows, how do I see the characters properly?</a></font></font></font></b>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#What type of coding">What
type of Chinese coding is used?</a></font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#What is the pinyin">What
is the pinyin for the characters in the index?</a></font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#what is pinyin">What
is pinyin?</a></font></font></font></b></li>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">
		<font size=-1><a href="#Tones and">Tones
and Pinyin.</a></font></font></font></b></li>
	</ol><a NAME="main features"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">1.&nbsp;
What are the main features?</font></font></b>
	<blockquote>
		<ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Each
entry has 0 to 7 sound files made by friends in Beijing or the United States.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Over sixty different speakers will help you develop your ability to listen and
understand everyday speech.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Slow
and fast speakers, but all speakers stay within the normal range of speech.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">An
infinitely patient group of people who will say things over and over and
over - instantly.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Individual
sound files give you the ability play the file again, and again, and again
without rewinding a tape recorder.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Topics
pages with groups of related words and phrases.</font></li>

			<ul>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">The
ability to display English, Chinese characters, Chinese Pinyin, and sound
files either alone or in combination.</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Review
pages where you see only the Character, the English, the Pinyin, or hear
the words.</font></li>
			</ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Search
the database for words or phrases.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Open
an account to choose words you wish to learn.</font></li>

			<ul>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">review
lists</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">flash
cards</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">quizzes</font></li>
			</ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Over
5,000 sentences illustrate the use of words.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Games and activities to help you 
learn -- learn the numbers using Flash movies with illustrations and then test 
yourself using the number game.&nbsp; </font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Bilingual stories illustrated in 
Flash allow you to move your mouse to see Character, pinyin, or English.&nbsp; 
Click a sentence to hear the story read by a native speaker.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Download a free flashcard program 
to allow you to study items from your account off-line.&nbsp; It gives you 
control over the words in your lists and makes it possible to organize your 
study time efficiently.</font></li>
		</ul>
	</blockquote><center><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><a NAME="How use"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">2.
How do I use the Topics pages?</font></font></b>
	<blockquote>
		<li><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000000">
		<font size=-1>About
the Program</font></font></font></b></li>

		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">First,
adjust the sound on your speakers or headphones.&nbsp; Choose the Pinyin
page to hear some samples of sound files.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Choose
one of the topics in the index.&nbsp; The topics are listed in Chinese
characters, but if you have a recent copy of Netscape, the English will
appear when you hold the mouse over the icon.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">The
first page that you will see will be the topic alphabetized by English.&nbsp;
This might be a little confusing at first because I didn't used the English
that you see, but rather a grouping code.&nbsp; This allowed me to put
related items together -- laser jet printer is under "p" for printer. I
suggest that if you are looking for a particular word, use the Edit/Find
feature in your browser.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">There
is also a list alphabetized by Pinyin to make it easier to find an item
when you can't remember the English.&nbsp; This is also alphabetized by
related words.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">When
you see an entry, click on either the name of the speaker or the icon.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
		<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Studying</font></li>

		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Listen.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Click
again.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Listen
again.&nbsp; One of the purposes of this program is to allow you to listen
repeatedly with minimal delay, so listen again . . .</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Then
maybe you are ready to try to say it.&nbsp; Don't worry if you aren't.&nbsp;
Listening and understanding PRECEDE speech.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Try
saying short words first, then double syllables, then triples.&nbsp; At
the beginning you won't be able to tell the difference between the tones,
much less produce them accurately.&nbsp; Later, that will be easy, but
you will be frustrated by combinations of sounds. After a few months you
will work on lengthening the phrase or sentence you can say -- it's as
good as a computer game with lots of levels of challenge.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">In
the beginning, don't try to learn all the vocabulary in a phrase or sentence.&nbsp;
Just try to listen and see if you can pick out the word you know.&nbsp;
That's enough.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Speakers
are roughly ordered by sentence speaking speed.&nbsp; By listening to each
speaker successively you should increase your listening comprehension of
normal speech.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Work
on a few items at a time. Distributed practice means that you will learn
better with short sessions.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Some sound players open a new 
window for each sound.&nbsp; This is good for going back over the different 
sound without downloading again.&nbsp; Be careful though.&nbsp; Most have a 
limitation on the number of windows open, so if you cannot download, close a few 
of the previous sound windows and continue.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
		<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Review
and Guessing</font></li>

		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Choose
Pinyin, Character, English, or Listening at the top of the topic page.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Each
of the review pages includes the sound files, so you can check your memory
immediately.&nbsp; In the future, there will be English speakers in addition
to the Chinese speakers - this will make your review even easier and make
the site useful for my Chinese friends.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">It
is important to build associations from English -> Character, Character
-> English, Pinyin -> Character, etc.&nbsp; Try to balance your studying.&nbsp;
On the English page try to write the character as well as saying the Chinese,
on the Pinyin page try to write the Character as well as translating to
English.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">In
addition, you can increase your listening skills on the Listening page.&nbsp;
Even if you don't know the meaning of what you are hearing, try to write
down the Pinyin with the tone marks.&nbsp; Understanding tones will gradually
become second nature....at least that is the theory.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">The
review pages are randomized to decrease the order effect, like shuffling
your index cards.&nbsp; Look for the visited links to identify those items
you have studied.&nbsp; Just hunting for the item will help you become
more aware of the distinctive features of the item.&nbsp; For instance,
if you are looking for&nbsp; characters, just recognizing which characters
are NOT the ones you are seeking helps build a recognition of the characters
you <u>have</u> studied.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">I
am sorry that the review pages are not useful for those who do not or cannot
use graphics or who have a version of Netscape before 4.5.&nbsp; The idea
is that those who do use graphics and have Netscape 4.5 or above, can instantly
check their accuracy by holding the mouse over the appropriate button.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
	</blockquote><center><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><a NAME="Adjust sound"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">3.&nbsp;
How do I adjust the sound?</font></font></b>
	<blockquote>
		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">I
will assume that you are asking because you don't have a knob on your speakers
or a slider on your headphones . . .</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Windows
95/98/NT - Go to Start, click Settings, click Control Panel, click Multimedia,
then click the Audio tab and change the playback level, checking the level
with the sample sounds given on the home page.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Use
the sound adjustment on your sound player.&nbsp; If you are using Windows
Media Player2, there is a slider on the left hand side or you can use the
up arrow to increase the sound and the down arrow to decrease it.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
	</blockquote><a NAME="Why don't hear"></a><b>
	<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">4.
Why don't I hear anything?</font></font></b>
	<ul>
		<ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">You
don't have a sound card.&nbsp; Can't help you there.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">There
is something wrong with your computer.&nbsp; Can't help you there.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">You
don't have the ability to play .mp3 files.&nbsp; Ahhh.&nbsp; There I can
help you.</font></li>

			<ul>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Get
a new free version of 
				<a href="http://home.netscape.com/download/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Netscape
Communicator (TM)</a>.&nbsp; The sound files have been tested with Netscape
Navigator 3.1 and above as well as Internet Explorer.</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(and)
				<a href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Chinese/faq/l3codec.zip">Download
the MPEG3 L3CODEC</a> (164,314 bytes) unzip it and run it, it will install
itself.&nbsp; Both Netscape audio player and Windows Media Player 2 recognize
the CODEC - you will have to try other sound players to test them.&nbsp;
I do not know what sound players may be preferred for Linux, Apple, or
Unix but the Netscape audio player will work.</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(and
maybe) Download
<a href="http://www.irfanview.com/">Irfanview</a> or
				<a href="http://www.winamp.com/">Winamp</a>.&nbsp; Both are free and have 
excellent decoding capabilities.&nbsp; They also are nice and small so you can 
still see the web page while you are listening.</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Some
versions of Quick Time Player (TM) associate themselves with .wav files.&nbsp;
This will make life uncomfortable because each time you click on a sound
you will be taken to another page with a grey bar on it -- and the sound
will play.&nbsp; But you will no longer be able to see the Chinese or English,
so learning will be delayed.&nbsp; There are several solutions.&nbsp; Uninstall
Quicktime or change the program associated with sound files to either naplayer.exe
(Netscape) or Window Media Player (IE).</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">There
are several shareware programs for playing sound files which do not properly
support .mp3 files or compressed .wav files.&nbsp; They are unable to utilize
the L3Codec.</font></li>

<br>&nbsp;</ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
you want to know more about mpeg3 or find another sound player, these sites
will give you a good start.</font></li>

			<ul>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(or)
Explore mpeg3 software at 
				<a href="http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/MPEG-audio-player.html" TARGET="_blank">mpeg.org</a></font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(or)
Look around
<a href="http://www.simtel.net/simtel.net/win95/sound.html" TARGET="_blank">Simtel</a>
Win 95 sound files</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(or)
Go to
<a href="http://www.iis.fhg.de/amm/techinf/layer3/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Fraunhofer
IIS</a> for an explanation of mpeg3 compression - they developed it</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(or)
Go to
<a href="http://www.opticom.de/" TARGET="_blank">Opticom</a> for
a full sound editor/player</font></li>
				<li>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">(or)
Do what I did and get <a href="http://www.goldwave.com" TARGET="_blank">Goldwave</a>,
a great editor and player.</font></li>
			</ul>
		</ul>
	</ul><center>
	<p><br><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><a NAME="What is an mp3"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">5.
What is an .mp3 file?</font></font></b>
	<blockquote>
		<ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Basically,
it is a method to compress .wav files to unbelievably small file sizes
without decreasing quality.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">It
was invented by 
			<a href="http://www.iis.fhg.de/amm/techinf/layer3/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Fraunhofer
IIS</a> and is particularly good at maintaining speech quality (my interest)
and is widely used on the Internet to store stereo CD quality music.&nbsp;
Mp3 players are now so common that little more needs to be said.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">With
mpeg Layer3 compression you have a choice of CD sound quality with greater
file sizes (compression ratios of about 10 to 1) or to decrease the size
of the file with a decrease in sound quality.&nbsp; I chose to use larger
files and maintain every byte while still making files of about 8k.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Mpeg
Layer3 sound files can either have a .wav extension or a .mp3 extension.&nbsp;
Usually when the files have a .wav extension that means that they can be
played on a regular sound player, such as Netscape's audio player or the
Windows Media Player 2, if you install the MPEG3 L3CODEC.&nbsp; The Mpeg
Layer3 .wav files have additional information in their header which allows
players to decode them as .wav files.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">A
pure mpeg layer3 file, which does not include the header information, must
be played on a dedicated mpeg3 player.&nbsp; These files generally carry
the .mp3 extension.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">The
sound files on this site include the .wav header information so that they
can be played on various sound players, and will work with most programs that 
play either .wav or .mp3 files.&nbsp; RealPlayer does not include the CODEC to 
decode the files on this site.&nbsp; I recommend Irfanview or Winamp.&nbsp; Both 
are free and have excellent decoding capabilities.&nbsp; They also are nice and 
small so you can still see the web page while you are listening.</font></li>
		</ul>
	</blockquote><center><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><a NAME="Why not see"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">6.
Why can't I see Chinese characters?</font></font></b>
	<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
	<b><font color="#000099" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Windows XP</font></b><blockquote>
		<ul>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Windows XP has 
		the ability to read Asian fonts and to input Asian characters.&nbsp;
			</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">To see Asian fonts, 
		go to Control Panel --&gt; Regional and Language Options.&nbsp; Choose the 
		tab for languages.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Make sure that the 
		box in front of &quot;Install Files for East Asian Languages&quot; is checked.&nbsp; 
		Then click OK or Apply.&nbsp; You will probably see a screen asking you 
		to put your Windows XP installation disk into the drive.&nbsp; Do so, 
		and follow instructions.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">If you don't have 
		your Windows XP disk handy, you can go onto the Internet and search for 
		MS Song.&nbsp; That is the primary font that you will want.&nbsp; Just 
		download it and install it in your fonts directory and you will be able 
		to see Chinese.</font></li>
			<li><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica" size="-1">Once the Asian fonts 
		are installed, you should be able to see Chinese characters in programs 
		and bowsers.&nbsp; At this point you cannot yet input Chinese 
		characters.&nbsp; To do this you have to install what is called an IME 
		from your installation disk.&nbsp;&nbsp; 
		The IME included with Windows XP supports all applications.&nbsp; The 
		old one installed with Office was limited.</font></li>
		</ul>
	</blockquote>
	<p>&nbsp;<p><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Windows 98, Millennium, 2000, NT -- English versions</font></font></b>
	<p>&nbsp;<center>
	<table BORDER COLS=3 WIDTH="60%" BGCOLOR="#000099" id="table1" >
		<tr BGCOLOR="#993366">
			<td COLSPAN="3"><center><b>
			<font color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Starter
Kit</font></b></center></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Feature</font></b></center>
			</td>
			<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Software</font></b></center>
			</td>
			<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Download</font></b></center>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">1.
Browser</font></b></td>
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Netscape
4+</font></b></td>
			<td BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Arial,Helvetica">
			<a href="http://home.netscape.com/download/index.html">Netscape
Communicator's</a></font> <br><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">newest
version</font></b></td>
		</tr>
		<tr BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">2.
Sound</font></b></td>
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">MPEG
l3 codec</font></b></td>
			<td BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">
			<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF">
			<a href="http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Chinese/faq/l3codec.zip">MPEG
l3codec.zip</a>,</font><font color="#000066"> </font></font><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Download,
unzip, and run the l3codec.exe - it self-installs.</font></b></td>
		</tr>
		<tr BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">3.
Chinese Viewer</font></b></td>
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Go
to download page for trial copy</font></b></td>
			<td BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
			<a href="http://www.njstar.com/" TARGET="_blank">NJ
Star</a></font></b> <br><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">NJWIN
CJK Viewer 2.23</font></b></td>
		</tr>
		<tr BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<td COLSPAN="3" BGCOLOR="#000066"><center><b>
			<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Windows
98, Millenium, 2000, NT users</font></b></center></td>
		</tr>
		<tr BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">5.
Netscape 4.7+ and Internet Explorer 5+</font></b></td>
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Fonts
are available for Windows 98, 2000, NT which let you view Chinese without
a viewer</font></b></td>
			<td><b><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Install
Chinese Language Pack from your Windows CD or download it from 
			<a href="http://download.cnet.com/downloads/0-10016-100-6158528.html">CNET</a>.</font></b></td>
		</tr>
	</table></center>
	<p>&nbsp;<ul>
		<ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
you are using Windows 98, Millenium, 2000, or NT you can download the Simplified
Chinese Language Pack from CNET, Microsoft, or a number of other sources.&nbsp;
Newer installation CD's include the language pack as an option.&nbsp; The
Simplified Chinese Language Pack will allow you to see the Chinese characters.&nbsp;
If you also want to be able to enter Chinese characters in a word processing
program, you will need a software package called a Chinese system.&nbsp;
Several are listed <a href="#software">below</a>.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">After you
download and install the Chinese Language Pack:<br>In Firefox go to Tools --&gt; 
Options --&gt; Content -- at the bottom there is a font dialog.&nbsp; You can click 
advanced to specify fonts for Simplified Chinese.</font><li>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">In
Netscape go to Edit --> Preferences --> Fonts,</font></li>

<br><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">and
in Internet Explorer go to Tools --> Internet Options --> Fonts</font> <br>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">to
specify the font to use for Simplified Chinese.</font>
			<li>
			<p align="center"><br>
			<img SRC="nscpfont.jpg" height=458 width=544 align=TEXTTOP> <br>&nbsp;
			<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Then on the main
tool bar of the browser window go to:</font></li>
			<p><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">In Firefox go to 
			View --&gt; 
			Character Encoding--&gt; Auto-Detect --&gt; Simplified Chinese.</font><br><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Netscape:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
View --> Character --> choose "Simplified Chinese (GB2312)"</font> <br>
			<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Internet
Explorer:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; View --> Font --> choose "Chinese Simplified
(GB2312)" and <strong>uncheck AutoSelect</strong> at the top of the menu list.</font>
			<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
			</p>
			<p><a NAME="chineseversion"></a><b>
			<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">Windows
95, 98, 2000, NT -- Chinese versions</font></font></b>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
the Chinese characters are not visible, or do not look right, go to:</font></li>

			<ul><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Netscape:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
View --> Character --> choose "Simplified Chinese (GB2312)"</font> <br>
				<font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Internet
Explorer:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; View --> Font --> choose "Chinese Simplified
(GB2312)"</font></ul><center>
			<p><br><a href="#index">
			<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
			<p><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">Windows
95, Apple, Linux, Unix -- English versions</font></font></b>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
you are using Windows 95, you will need a Chinese interpreter, a system
which converts computer codes into characters.&nbsp; This can be either
a full system which allows you to read and write characters or a just a
reader for the Internet.&nbsp; Some sources are given below.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
you want to <u>enter</u> Chinese characters into word processors or other
programs, you will need a Chinese system which allows you to read and write
characters.&nbsp; Some sources are given below.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">If
you are unfamiliar with Chinese characters on the computer, read the all
instructions carefully because there will be unfamiliar terms used.</font></li>

			<br><a NAME="software"></a><br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<center>
			<table BORDER COLS=3 WIDTH="50%" >
				<tr BGCOLOR="#993366">
					<td COLSPAN="3"><center><b>
					<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
					<font size=-1>Chinese
Software for Windows</font></font></font></b></center></td>
				</tr>
				<tr BGCOLOR="#000099">
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Software</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Type</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Downloads</font></b></center>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Twinbridge</a></font></font></font></b>
					<br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Chinese
Partner</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Full
system</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Windows
95+, NT 4</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Twinbridge</a></font></font></font></b>
					<br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>AsianViewer</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Reader</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95+, NT</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Twinbridge</a></font></font></font></b>
					<br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>AsianBridge</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Full
system</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.twinbridge.com/" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.njstar.com/" TARGET="_blank">NJ
Star</a></font></font></font></b> <br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>NJWIN
CJK Viewer 2.23</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Reader</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.njstar.com/" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95, 98, 2000 NT 4</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.njstar.com/" TARGET="_blank">NJ
Star</a></font></font></font></b> <br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>NJSTAR
Communicator 2.2</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Full
system</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.njstar.com/" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95, 98, 2000 NT 4</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/" TARGET="_blank">Stone
Rich Sight</a> RichWin for the Internet</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>System</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/download/index_e.html" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/" TARGET="_blank">Stone
Rich Sight </a>RichWin for Windows</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Full
system</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/download/index_e.html" TARGET="_blank">Windows
3.x, 95+, NT 3.51, 4</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/" TARGET="_blank">Stone
Rich Sight</a></font></font></font></b> <br><b>
					<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000000">
					<font size=-1>RichViewer</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Reader,
free for individuals</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.richwin.com/download/index_e.html" TARGET="_blank">Windows</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
			</table></center>
		</ul>
	</ul>
	<ul>
		<ul>&nbsp;
<center>
			<table BORDER COLS=3 WIDTH="50%" >
				<tr>
					<td COLSPAN="3" BGCOLOR="#993366"><center><b>
					<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
					<font size=-1>Chinese
Software for Apple</font></font></font></b></center></td>
				</tr>
				<tr BGCOLOR="#000099">
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Source</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Type</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Information</font></b></center>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.asiasoft.com/" TARGET="_blank">Asia
Soft</a></font></font></font></b> <br><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Chinese
System</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>System</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.asiasoft.com/details_APOS85CS.html" TARGET="_blank">System
7.1+</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
			</table></center><br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<center>
			<table BORDER COLS=3 WIDTH="50%" >
				<tr BGCOLOR="#993366">
					<td COLSPAN="3"><center><b>
					<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
					<font size=-1>Chinese
Software for Unix/Linux/X-Win</font></font></font></b></center></td>
				</tr>
				<tr BGCOLOR="#000099">
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Source</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Type</font></b></center>
					</td>
					<td bgcolor="#000066"><center><b>
					<font size=-1 color="#FFFFFF" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Information</font></b></center>
					</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
					<td>&nbsp;</td>
				</tr>
				<tr>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.cnd.org" TARGET="_blank">CND</a></font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Software</font></font></font></b></td>
					<td><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
					<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>
					<a href="http://www.cnd.org/software/LINUX.html" TARGET="_blank">Linux
Chinese Utilities - download</a></font></font></font></b></td>
				</tr>
			</table></center><center>
			<p><a href="#index">
			<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
		</ul>
	</ul><a NAME="What type of coding"></a><b>
	<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">7.
What type of coding is used on the pages?</font></font></b>
	<blockquote>
		<ul>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">All
of the characters are coded in GB (Guo2 Biao1) simplified form.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">To
maintain the integrity of the characters, all pages were coded by hand
in a text editor.&nbsp; If you open a page of Chinese characters in Netscape
Composer or another WYSIWYG HTML editor, the coding is converted to another
coding form and cannot be interpreted out of Netscape.&nbsp; So don't try
to use Netscape Composer to choose a sample of the vocabulary.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">You
should be able to highlight sections of the pages with characters and copy
them into Notepad or another text editor and still be able to see the characters.</font></li>
		</ul>
		<p>&nbsp;</p>
	</blockquote>
	<ul><center><a href="#index">
		<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	</ul><a NAME="What is the pinyin"></a><b>
	<font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">8.&nbsp;
What is the pinyin for the characters in the index?</font></font></b> <br>&nbsp;
	<br>&nbsp;
<center>
	<table BORDER COLS=6 WIDTH="70%" BGCOLOR="#000066" >
		<caption><font size="-1" color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">For 
those who have made it this far...</font></caption>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR="#993366">
			<td><center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Character</font></font></font></center></td>
			<td><center><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Pinyin</font></font></font></center></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Literal</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Character</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Pinyin</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>Literal</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/phrases.gif" ALT="Phrases" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>duan3yu3</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>short
words</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/travel.gif" ALT="Traveling" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>lu~3xing2</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>travel</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/time.gif" ALT="Time" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>shi2jian1</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>time
duration</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/clothes.gif" ALT="Clothes" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>yi1fu</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>clothes</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/pinyin.gif" ALT="Pinyin" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>pin1yin1</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>put
together sound</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/money.gif" ALT="Money" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>huo4bi4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>currency</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/numbers.gif" ALT="Numbers" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>shu4zi4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>number
character</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/tones.gif" ALT="Tones" BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>si4sheng1</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>four
sounds</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/calendar.gif" ALT="Calendar" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>ri4li4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>day
to count</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/people.gif" ALT="People" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>ren2men</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>people</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/directions.gif" ALT="Directions" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>fang1xiang4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>direction
turn towards</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/computer.gif" ALT="Computers" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>dian4nao3</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>electronic
brain</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td><center>
			<img SRC="../topics/eating.gif" ALT="Eating Out" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></center>
			</td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>chi1fan4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>eat
meal</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/dynasties.gif" ALT="Dynasties" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>chao2dai4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>period
dynasty</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/buying.gif" ALT="Buying Things" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=72></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>mai3
dong1xi</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>buy
east-west</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/food.gif" ALT="Food" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>&nbsp;shi2pin3</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>&nbsp;food
stuff</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/faq.gif" ALT="Frequently Unasked Questions" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=96></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>chang2jian4wen4ti2</font></font></font></td>
			<td ALIGN=CENTER><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>often
met question</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/exclamations.gif" ALT="Exclamations" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=72></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>gan3tan4ci2</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>feeling
exclaim word</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/weather.gif" ALT="Weather" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>tian1qi4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>day
air</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/jokes.gif" ALT="Jokes" NOSAVE height=24 width=48></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>wan2xiao4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>play
laugh</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
		<tr ALIGN=CENTER>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/tongue.gif" ALT="Tongue Twisters" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=72></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>rao4kou3ling4</font></font></font></td>
			<td BGCOLOR="#000066"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">
			<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size=-1>tangled
mouth cause</font></font></font></td>
			<td>
			<img SRC="../topics/questions.gif" ALT="Questions" NOSAVE BORDER=0 height=24 width=72></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>yi2wen4
ju4</font></font></font></td>
			<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#FFFFFF">
			<font size=-1>uncertain
ask (interrogative) sentence</font></font></font></td>
		</tr>
	</table></center><center>
	<p><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><br><br><br><br>
	<p><a NAME="what is pinyin"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">9.&nbsp;
What is pinyin?</font></font></b> <br>&nbsp;
	<blockquote>
		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Pinyin
is a standard of pronunciation symbols.&nbsp; It is not a language.&nbsp;
It is one of several systems collectively called Romanization of Chinese.&nbsp;
When the East met the West, the West couldn't read the characters and transcribed
the pronunciation onto Western language.&nbsp; Many Western history books
about China are written with the Wade-Giles system of Romanization.&nbsp;
The most modern system is the Pinyin system developed after years of study.&nbsp;
It is the official system of mainland China and is used on street signs,
in brochures, and in schools.&nbsp; Yes, children in China use pinyin to
begin to read characters.&nbsp; Dictionaries are organized by pinyin as
well as by character.&nbsp; School children have to look up unfamiliar
characters using pronunciation, just as we do - or they can ask their parents
- which we can't.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Take
a look at the basic <a href="../topics/pinyin/pinyin.html">pinyin
pronunciation table</a>.&nbsp; Pinyin is fantastically predictable when
compared to English.&nbsp; George Bernard Shaw would be jealous.&nbsp;
It is easy to slip into bad habits when learning a foreign language, so
return to this page periodically to check your pronunciation.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">There
are very few rules and many conflicting conventions for writing pinyin
in sentences.&nbsp; At the purest level, each character would have one
pronunciation syllable separated by a space.&nbsp; However, the convention
is to join syllables where the characters are combined to form a word.&nbsp;
This got really interesting when I was working on computer language --
some 'words' are six to eight characters in length.&nbsp; That is, they
always appear together.&nbsp; The translation of the words would include
modifiers in English such as super computer - so the pinyin was separated
into components based on root and modifier.&nbsp; But not always.&nbsp;
That is a rule.&nbsp; Not always.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Several
textbooks join the syllables of numbers.&nbsp; I chose to separate the
numbers from the marker words - hundred, thousand, billion - to make it
easier to read.&nbsp; Listen carefully to the speakers, numbers are said
with few pauses, just as we say a hundred thousand in one breath the same
is done in Chinese.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">For
the most part I tried to write the pinyin to conform to dictionary entry.&nbsp;
For instance, 'zhe4' (this) and 'ge4' (item) are separate entries in a
dictionary, so for the most part they are separated.&nbsp; But there are
places where zhe4ge4 is combined rather than separate because I didn't
catch them - they are said as one word and my writers in China write them
as one word.&nbsp; There are also places where 'le', the past tense syllable,
is combined with the verb, rather than separate.&nbsp; I hope this is not
too confusing for the beginner.&nbsp; It is not fun to spend a lot of time
with a dictionary looking up an entry that doesn't exist.&nbsp; There are
advantages to combining the syllables that are said together.&nbsp; You
are much more likely to say them as a unit and after all that is what pinyin
is supposed to be, a pronunciation guide.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
	</blockquote><center><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<a NAME="Tones and"></a><b><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">
	<font color="#000099">10.&nbsp;
Tones and Pinyin</font></font></b>
	<ul>
		<blockquote>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">There
are four inflection tones and the neutral tone.&nbsp; Get a good textbook
for an explanation.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Don't
memorize tones.&nbsp; Say them.&nbsp; Listen to them.&nbsp; Get to the
point where shi4 means 'to be' and shi2 means 'time'.&nbsp; If you get
in the habit of memorizing the tones you will never get a word out.&nbsp;
You will be thinking of a list of things each time you see a character
- what is the translation?, what is the pinyin?, what is the tone?&nbsp;
Just say it, until the character <u>is</u> the sound.&nbsp; When you see
the word 'bed' you don't break it down into consonants and vowels - you
just say bed.&nbsp; When you say the word 'something' you automatically
stress the first syllable and swallow the last.&nbsp; You don't sit around
and think about those dictionary stress marks they taught you in school.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">The
tones are given in numbered form.&nbsp; 1 = first tone, 2 = second tone,
etc.&nbsp; If the tone is neutral, no number follows the syllable.&nbsp;
The character &uuml; is symbolized as ~ followed by the tone number.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Certain
tones change depending on what tone follows. When a third tone follows
a third tone, the first syllable is said almost as a second tone. Some
books change the tone of the first syllable to indicate the change of pronunciation
- I have not. Since learners tend to think of leng3 in association with
a meaning, changing it to leng2 increases confusion. It is better to just
get in the habit of changing the pitch of the voice when you are going
to be saying double third tones. Since you have speakers right at your
fingertips, it should be easier than when working with a text. I have changed
the tone marks on yi1 (one) to conform to the convention of saying it as
a second tone before a fourth tone and as a fourth tone before the other
tones. When you look yi1 up in a dictionary, you will find that it is always
given as the first tone to aid in alphabetizing the pinyin. Finally, bu4
(not) also changes its pronunctiation depending on its place in the sentence
or the syllable which follows it. I have tried to indicate where it changes
to neutral, but have left almost all other entries as bu4.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Don't
be intimidated by the tones.&nbsp; English is a highly inflected language,
where the complete meaning of a sentence is changed by a slight change
in tone and emphasis.&nbsp; Chinese just has a different song underlying
the structure.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Numbered
pinyin has been used throughout since people who do not have GUI interfaces
can
read them.&nbsp; Plans are in process to provide regular pinyin symbols
as well, but that is in the future.</font></li>
			<li><font size=-1 color="#000000" face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">Pinyin
is a transitional tool.&nbsp; When you are working with the tones the idea
is to hear the differences among them.&nbsp; The pinyin is merely a check
on your listening.&nbsp; <a href="../topics/tones/tones.html">Tones
pages</a> are designed to give you experience in pronunciation as well
as to learn to listen to the differences in tone.&nbsp; I included the
meanings of the words in the master page to give you focus.&nbsp; The practice
pages have no reference to meaning because all you are meant to learn is
to recognize the difference between 'chang' and 'chuang' and 'shi2' and
'shi4'.</font></li>
		</blockquote>
	</ul><center><a href="#index">
	<img SRC="redcvtrans.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER=0 height=60 width=60 align=TEXTTOP></a></center>
	<p><hr SIZE=3 WIDTH="30%"><br><hr SIZE=3 WIDTH="60%">
	<p><font size=-2><font face="Verdana,Arial,Helvetica">http://hua.umf.maine.edu/Chinese/faq/funaq.html<br>Last update: March, 2006<br>&copy; 
	<a href="../credits.html#copyright">Marilyn Shea</a>, 1996, 2000, 2001, 
2006</font></font><br>&nbsp;</p>
</blockquote></blockquote>
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