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- <title>Leçon 18 - Famille - Profession</title>
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- <h1>Leçon 18 - Famille - Profession</h1>
- <div class="resume">
- Apprenez à recevoir un invité, à vous présenter en chinois. Grammaire, exemples et exercices. Vocabulaire: Qui est-ce? Combien êtes-vous dans votre famille? Que faîtes-vous dans la vie? Où travaillez-vous?
- </div>
- <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_595">Contenu de la leçon</h2>
- <div class="contents">
- <ul>
- <li>Conversation 1 : Qui est-ce?</li>
- <li>Conversation 2 : Combien êtes-vous dans votre famille?</li>
- <li>Grammaire</li>
- <li>Exercices de subsitution</li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-
- <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_596">Conversation 1 : Qui est-ce?</h2>
- <audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/18-01.mp3"></audio>
- <ul>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">谁呀? 等一会儿。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Shéi ya? Děng yíhuìr.</span><br/> - Qui ( est-ce ) ? Attendez un instant !</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">是 我,小王。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Shì wǒ, Xiǎo Wáng.</span></li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">请进。请坐。请喝茶。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Qǐng jìn. Qǐng zuò. Qǐng hē chá.</span><br/> - Entre s'il te plaît, assieds-toi, prends du thé.</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢!你爱人在家吗?</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Xièxie ! Nǐ àirén zài jiā ma? </span><br/> - Merci! Ton épouse est-elle à la maison?</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">在。我介绍一下,这是我爱人。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Zài. Wǒ jièshào yíxià, zhè shì wǒ àirén.</span><br/> - Oui, je te la présente. C'est mon épouse.<br/></li>
- </ul>
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_597">Vocabulaire</h3>
- <table class="table1">
- <thead>
- <tr class="header">
- <th>
- Hanzi
- </th>
- <th>
- Pinyin
- </th>
- <th>
- Type<br/>
- grammatical
- </th>
- <th>
- Traduction
- </th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">呀</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">ya</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (part)
- </td>
- <td>
- (étonnement)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">等</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">děng</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (v)
- </td>
- <td>
- attendre
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">一会儿</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">yíhuìr</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (n)
- </td>
- <td>
- un instant
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">小</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">xiǎo</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (adj)
- </td>
- <td>
- petit, jeune
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">请</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">qǐng</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (v)
- </td>
- <td>
- s'il vous plaît
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">进</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">jìn</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (v)
- </td>
- <td>
- entrer
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">坐</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">zuò</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (v)
- </td>
- <td>
- s'asseoir
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">爱人</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">àirén</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (n)
- </td>
- <td>
- épous, -e
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">在</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">zài</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (v)
- </td>
- <td>
- être (lieu)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">家</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">jiā</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (n)
- </td>
- <td>
- maison, famille
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">介绍</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">jièshào</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (n)
- </td>
- <td>
- présenter
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">一下</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">yíxià</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- (n)
- </td>
- <td>
- une fois
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
-
-
- <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_598">Conversation 2 : Combien êtes-vous dans votre famille?</h2>
- <audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/18-02.mp3"></audio>
- <ul>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">你家有几口人?</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?</span><br/> - Combien êtes vous dans votre famille? ( Votre famille, combien de personne ? )</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">5口人,还有我父母和一个孩子。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Wǔ kǒu rén, hái yǒu wǒ fùmǔ hé yí gè háizi.</span><br/> - 5 personnes, il y a aussi mes parents et un enfant.</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">听说你有一个姐姐是吗?</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tīngshuō nǐ yǒu yí gè jiějie shì ma?</span><br/> - J'ai entendu dire que vous aviez une sœur aînée, est-ce ainsi?</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">是啊。她在北京工作。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Shì a. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò.</span><br/> - Oui, elle travaille à Pékin.</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">她做什么工作?</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tā zuò shénme gōngzuò?</span><br/> - Que fait-elle ( comme travail ) ?</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">她是大夫。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tā shì dàifu.</span><br/> - Elle est médecin.</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">她在哪个医院工作?</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tā zài nǎ gè yīyuàn gōngzuò?</span><br/> - Dans quel hôpital travaille-t-elle?</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">她在北京医院工作。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tā zài Běijīng Yīyuàn gōngzuò.</span><br/> - Elle travaille à l'hôpital de Pékin.<br/></li>
- </ul>
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_599">Vocabulaire</h3>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>
- <p>Hanzi</p>
- </th>
- <th>
- <p>Pinyin</p>
- </th>
- <th>
- <p>Type<br/> grammatical</p>
- </th>
- <th>
- <p>Traduction</p>
- </th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">口</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">kǒu</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(spé)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(membre d'une famille)</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">父母</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">fùmǔ</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(n)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>parents</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">听说</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">tīngshuō</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(v)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>avoir entendu dire</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">啊</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">a</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(part)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>ah! oh!</p>
- </td>
- <td></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">工作</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">gōngzuò</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(v)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>travailler</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">工作</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gōngzuò</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(n)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>emploi</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">大夫</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">dàifu</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(n)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>médecin</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">医院</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">yīyuàn</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>(n)</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>hôpital</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
-
-
- <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_600">Grammaire</h2>
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_601">La préposition <span class="hanzist">在</span></h3>
- <p>Pour indiquer le lieu où se produit l'action, on utilise la préposition <span class="hanzi">在</span> devant le nom du lieu. L'ensemble <span class="hanzi">在</span> + lieu, tel un adberbe se place avant le verbe.</p>
- <p>Exemples:</p>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 在 医院 工作</span><br/>- <br/>- Je travaille à l'hôpital</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 在 大学 上班</span><br/>- <br/>- Je travaille à l'université<br/></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_602">Le spécificatif verbal <span class="hanzist">下</span></h3>
- <p><span class="hanzi">下</span> est un spécificatif verbal. <span class="hanzi">一下</span> se place après le verbe pour montrer qu'une action dure peu de temps.</p>
- <p>Exemples:</p>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 介绍 一下</span><br/>- <br/>- Je te présente vite-fait</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">你 看 一下</span><br/>- <br/>- Regarde un coup<br/></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_603">Structure de phrase</h3>
- <p>Quand un nom est utilisé pour modifier un autre nom, il n'est pas nécessaire d'utiliser la particule <span class="hanzi">的</span>.</p>
- <p>Exemples:</p>
- <div class="exemple">
- <ul>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">北京 医院</span><br/>- <br/>- L'hôpital de Pékin ( et non <span class="hanzi"><del>北京 的 医院</del></span> )</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">大学 老师</span><br/>- <br/>- professeur d'université</li>
- <li>- <span class="hanzi">公司 职员</span><br/>- <br/>- employé d'entreprise<br/></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-
-
- <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_604">Exercices de subsitution</h2>
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_605">Exercice 1</h3>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - <span class="hanzi">你<span class="encadrerouge">爱人</span>在家吗?</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <span class="encadrerouge">àirén</span> zài jiā ma?</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - (<span class="hanzi">不)在。</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin">( Bú ) zài.</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">爷爷</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">yéye</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- grand-père (paternel)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">奶奶</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">nǎinǎi</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- grand-mère (paternelle)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">祖父</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">zǔfù</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- grand-père
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">祖母</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">zǔmǔ</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- grand-mère
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">父亲</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">fùqin</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- père
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">母亲</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">mǔqin</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- mère
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">孩子</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">háizi</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- enfant(s)
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">儿子</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">érzi</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- fils
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">女儿</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">nǚ'ér</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- fille
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">爸爸</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">bàba</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- papa
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">妈妈</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">māma</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- maman
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">哥哥</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gēge</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- frère aîné
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">弟弟</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">dìdi</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- frère cadet
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">姐姐</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">jiějie</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- sœur aînée
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">妹妹</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">mèimei</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- sœur cadette
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
-
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_606">Exercice 2</h3>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - <span class="hanzi"><span class="encadrerouge">你</span>家有几口人?</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin"><span class="encadrerouge">Nǐ</span> jiā yǒu jǐ kǒu rén?</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - <span class="hanzi"><span class="encadrerouge">五</span>口人。</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin"><span class="encadrerouge">Wǔ</span> kǒu rén.</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th colspan="3">
- <p>Sub. 1</p>
- </th>
- <th>
- <p>Sub. 2</p>
- </th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">他</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">tā</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>il</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>3</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">你朋友</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">nǐpéngyou</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>ton ami</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>4</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">张老师</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">Zhānglǎoshī</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>Professeur Zhang</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>5</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">我的同学</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">wǒdetóngxué</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>mon camarade de classe</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>6</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <p><span class="hanzi">王小姐</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p><span class="pinyin">Wángxiǎojiě</span></p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>Mademoiselle Wang</p>
- </td>
- <td>
- <p>7</p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
-
- <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_607">Exercice 3</h3>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - <span class="hanzi">她做什么工作?</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin">Tā zuò shénme gōngzuò?</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- - <span class="hanzi">她是<span class="encadrerouge">大夫</span>。</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- - <span class="pinyin">Tā shì <span class="encadrerouge">dàifu</span>.</span>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <table class="table1">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">工程师</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gōngchéngshī</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- ingénieur
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">职员</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">zhíyuán</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- employé
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">经理</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">jīnglǐ</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- directeur
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">商人</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">shāngrén</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- homme d'affaire
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">公司职员</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gōngsīzhíyuán</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- cadre
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">公务员</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gōngwùyuán</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- fonctionnaire
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">售货员</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">shòuhuòyuán</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- commercial
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">律师</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">lǜshī</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- avocat
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">司机</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">sījī</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- conducteur
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">工人</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">gōngrén</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- ouvrier
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">农民</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">nóngmín</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- paysan
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>
- <span class="hanzi">服务员</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- <span class="pinyin">fúwùyuán</span>
- </td>
- <td>
- serveur
- </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- <p><span id="lesson19.xhtml"></span></p>
-
-
-
- </body>
- </html>
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