2 Commits a531c7d575 ... ef98f92b3f

Author SHA1 Message Date
  Eric Streit ef98f92b3f travail sur MBD 1 year ago
  Eric Streit 79b0c2e090 travail sur modules additionnels 1 year ago

+ 6 - 4
OptionalModule-CAR/FSI-OptionalModule-CAR.xml

@@ -5,18 +5,19 @@
     version="5.1">
     <title>Car</title>
     <subtitle>A Modular Approach</subtitle>
-     <section>
+    <section>
         <title>Objectives of the Car Module</title>
         <section>
             <title>General</title>
             <para>The purpose of the Car Module is to provide you with the linguistic skills you
                 need to use and take care of your car in everyday situations as well as emergencies. </para>
-            <para>Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least completed the
-                Transportation Module.</para>
+            <para><emphasis role="bold">Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least
+                    completed the Transportation Module.</emphasis></para>
         </section>
         <section>
             <title> Specific</title>
-            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:<orderedlist>
+            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to: <orderedlist>
+                    <?dbfo label-width="0.25in"?>
                     <listitem>
                         <para>Buy gasoline using the metric system to indicate quantity and ration
                             coupons if necessary. Understand if the attendant offers you high-test
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@
             <title>Part 1</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
             </section>
             <?custom-pagebreak?>
             <section>

+ 8 - 5
OptionalModule-CAR/FSI-OptionalModule-CAR.xml.bak

@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@
     version="5.1">
     <title>Car</title>
     <subtitle>A Modular Approach</subtitle>
-     <section>
+    <section>
         <title>Objectives of the Car Module</title>
         <section>
             <title>General</title>
             <para>The purpose of the Car Module is to provide you with the linguistic skills you
                 need to use and take care of your car in everyday situations as well as emergencies. </para>
-            <para>Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least completed the
-                Transportation Module.</para>
+            <para><emphasis role="bold">Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least
+                    completed the Transportation Module.</emphasis></para>
         </section>
         <section>
             <title> Specific</title>
-            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:<orderedlist>
+            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:
+                <orderedlist>
+                    <?dbfo label-width="0.25in"?>
                     <listitem>
                         <para>Buy gasoline using the metric system to indicate quantity and ration
                             coupons if necessary. Understand if the attendant offers you high-test
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@
             <title>Part 1</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
             </section>
             <?custom-pagebreak?>
             <section>
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Niǐyídìng
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yídìng
                                                 děi bǎoyǎng zìjǐ. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>

BIN
OptionalModule-CAR/out/pdf/FSI-OptionalModule-CAR.pdf


+ 4475 - 332
OptionalModule-MBD/FSI-OptionalModule-MBD.xml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
                         they have children.</para>
                 </listitem>
                 <listitem>
-                    <para>Congratulate a new mother. Ask about a new-born infants health, appetite,
+                    <para>Congratulate a new mother. Ask about a new-born infant's health, appetite,
                         and weight, and describe the baby in terms of traditional values.</para>
                 </listitem>
                 <listitem>
@@ -80,10 +80,9 @@
         </section>
     </section>
     <section>
-        <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
-        <para/>
+        <title>Unit 1</title>
         <section>
-            <title>Part 1: Winter and Summer</title>
+            <title>Part 1</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
             </section>
@@ -91,13 +90,15 @@
                 <title>Reference Notes</title>
                 <section>
                     <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
-                    <para>tíchàng: “to advocate, to promote, to initiate, to recommend, to
-                            encourage”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíchàng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        advocate, to promote, to initiate, to recommend, to encourage”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                             <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Zhè shi shéi tíchàngde?</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhè shi
+                                                shéi tíchàngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -108,32 +109,39 @@
                                 </tbody>
                             </tgroup>
                         </informaltable></para>
-                    <para>nianqīng: “to be young” (literally “years-light” or “years green”. There
-                        are two different characters with the same sound used for the second
-                            syllable.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        young” (literally “years-light” or “years green”. There are two different
+                        characters with the same sound used for the second syllable.)</para>
+                    <para>
+                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                             <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Tā zhènme niánqīng, zhènme piàoliang!</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhènme
+                                                niánqīng, zhènme piàoliang!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Shes so young and so beautiful!</entry>
+                                        <entry>She's so young and so beautiful!</entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Wǒ niánqīngde shíhou, bù xǐhuan kàn shū.</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                niánqīngde shíhou, bù xǐhuan kàn
+                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>When I was young, I didnt like to read.</entry>
+                                        <entry>When I was young, I didn't like to read.</entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Zhèixiē niǎnqīng rén dōu ài kàn diànyǐng.</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèixiē
+                                                niánqīng rén dōu ài kàn
+                                            diànyǐng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -143,8 +151,9 @@
                                             movies.</entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Nèige niánqǐngde Zhōngguo rén, Yīngwén shuōde bú
-                                            cuò.</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige
+                                                niánqīngde Zhōngguo rén, Yīngwén shuōde bú
+                                                cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -155,27 +164,36 @@
                                     </row>
                                 </tbody>
                             </tgroup>
-                        </informaltable></para>
-                    <para>jiéhūn: “to get married”, also pronounced jiēhūn. Notice that in Chinese
-                        you talk of “getting married”, while in English we talk of “being married”.
-                        And it follows grammatically that jiéhūn is a process verb, not a state
-                        verb. Jiéhūn will always be seen with an aspect marker such as le or will be
-                        negated with méi.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        </informaltable>
+                    </para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase>: “to get
+                        married”, also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >jiēhūn</foreignphrase>. Notice that in Chinese you talk of “getting
+                        married”, while in English we talk of “being married”. And it follows
+                        grammatically that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >jiéhūn</foreignphrase> is a process verb, not a state verb.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiéhūn</foreignphrase> will
+                        always be seen with an aspect marker such as <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">le</foreignphrase> or will be negated with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >méi</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                             <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Tāmen jiéhūnle méiyou?</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                jiéhūnle méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry>Have they gotten married yet? (This is the equivalent
-                                            of Are they married?)</entry>
+                                            of 'Are they married?)</entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Nǐ jiéhūn duó jiǔ le?</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiéhūn
+                                                duó jiǔ le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -186,15 +204,21 @@
                                 </tbody>
                             </tgroup>
                         </informaltable></para>
-                    <para>Jiéhūn is a verb-object compound, literally meaning “to knot marriage”.
-                        Jié and hūn can be separated by aspect markers, such as de or
-                            guo.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase> is a
+                        verb-object compound, literally meaning “to knot marriage”. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jié</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūn</foreignphrase> can be separated by
+                        aspect markers, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >de</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >guo</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                             <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Nǐ shi shénme shíhou jiéde hūn? OR Nǐ shi shénme
-                                            shíhou jiéhūnde?</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi
+                                                shénme shíhou jiéde hūn?</foreignphrase> OR
+                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi
+                                                shénme shíhou jiéhūnde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -203,24 +227,29 @@
                                         <entry>When did you get married?</entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Wang Xiānsheng jiéguo sāncì hūn.</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng
+                                                Xiānsheng jiéguo sāncì hūn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Mr. Wang has been married three times.</entry>
+                                        <entry>Mr. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Wáng</foreignphrase> has been married three
+                                            times.</entry>
                                     </row>
                                 </tbody>
                             </tgroup>
                         </informaltable></para>
-                    <para>To say “get married to someone” use the pattern gēn ...
-                            jiéhūn.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                    <para>To say “get married to someone” use the pattern <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēn ... jiéhūn</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                             <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry>Tā gēn shéi jiéhūn le?</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gēn shéi
+                                                jiéhūn le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>
                                         <entry/>
@@ -234,24 +263,34 @@
 
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №2</title>
-                        <para>wǎnliàn wǎnhūn: “late involvement and late marriage”. Wǎnliàn is an
-                            abbreviation for wan liàn’ài, “mature love”, (liàn’ài means “romantic
-                            love, courtship”), and wǎnhūn is an abbreviation for wǎn jiéhūn, “late
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn
+                                wǎnhūn</foreignphrase>: “late involvement and late marriage”.
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǎnliàn</foreignphrase> is
+                            an abbreviation for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn
+                                liàn'ài</foreignphrase>, “mature love”, (<foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn'ài</foreignphrase> means “romantic
+                            love, courtship”), and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >wǎnhūn</foreignphrase> is an abbreviation for <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn jiéhūn</foreignphrase>, “late
                             marriage”. This policy has been promoted since the 1960s, but only
                             actively enforced since the 1970s. It is difficult to generalize about
                             the required minimum marriage ages, as they differ from city to city and
-                            might be nonexistant in certain rural and national minority areas, where
-                            the government is trying to increase the population. The minimum age has
-                            been progressively raised over the years, until 1978 when the rules were
-                            eased a bit. In general, if the combined ages of the couple exceeds
-                            fifty years (or the female’s age exceeds the male’s), then the marriage
-                            is allowable.</para>
+                            might be non-existent in certain rural and national minority areas,
+                            where the government is trying to increase the population. The minimum
+                            age has been progressively raised over the years, until 1978 when the
+                            rules were eased a bit. In general, if the combined ages of the couple
+                            exceeds fifty years (or the female's age exceeds the male's), then the
+                            marriage is allowable.</para>
                     </section>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №3</title>
-                        <para>qīngnián: “youth, young person”. Do not confuse this noun with the
-                            adjectival verb niánqīng, “to be young”. (See Notes on No. 1)</para>
-                        <para>In this sentence, the noun qīngnián is used to modify the noun lǎoshī,
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīngnián</foreignphrase>:
+                            “youth, young person”. Do not confuse this noun with the adjectival verb
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng</foreignphrase>,
+                            “to be young”. (See Notes on No. 1)</para>
+                        <para>In this sentence, the noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >qīngnián</foreignphrase> is used to modify the noun <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎoshī</foreignphrase>,
                                 “teacher”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
@@ -259,8 +298,9 @@
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry>A:</entry>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ jìde sānshinián yīqián nǐ tèbié ài chī
-                                                táng.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jìde
+                                                  sānshinián yǐqián nǐ tèbié ài chī
+                                                  táng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -273,8 +313,9 @@
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry>B:</entry>
-                                            <entry>Shì a, nèi shíhou wǒmen dōu háishi qīngnián.
-                                                Xiànzài lǎo le, yá bù xíng le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shì a,
+                                                  nèi shíhou wǒmen dōu háishi qīngnián. Xiànzài lǎo
+                                                  le, yá bù xíng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -282,22 +323,35 @@
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
-                                            <entry>Yes. Back then we were all young people. Now Im
-                                                old, and my teeth arent good any more.</entry>
+                                            <entry>Yes. Back then we were all young people. Now I'm
+                                                old, and my teeth aren't good any more.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>nǔlì: “to be hardworking, to diligent”, or as an adverb,
-                            “diligently,be hard”.</para>
-                        <para>Tā suīrán hen nǔlì, kěshi tāde Yīngwen háishi bù xíng. Although he’s
-                            very hardworking, his English is still not good enough.<informaltable
-                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǔlì</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                            hardworking, to diligent”, or as an adverb, “diligently,be hard”.</para>
+                        <para>
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ děi nǔlì xué Zhōngwén.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  suīrán hěn nǔlì, kěshi tāde Yīngwen háishi bù
+                                                  xíng.</foreignphrase>
+                                            </entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Although he's very hardworking, his English is
+                                                still not good enough.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi
+                                                  nǔlì xué Zhōngwén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -307,17 +361,21 @@
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
-                            </informaltable></para>
+                            </informaltable>
+                        </para>
                     </section>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №4</title>
-                        <para>nongcūn: “rural areas, countryside, village”.<informaltable
-                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngcūn</foreignphrase>:
+                            “rural areas, countryside, village”.<informaltable frame="none"
+                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nóngcūnde kōngqì bǐ chéngli hǎoduō le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Nóngcūnde kōngqì bǐ chéngli hǎoduō
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -327,7 +385,8 @@
                                                 city.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tāmen Jiā zài nongcūn zhù.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                  jiā zài nóngcūn zhù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -338,32 +397,35 @@
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>shíxíng: “to practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan,
-                                reform)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíxíng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan, reform)”.<informaltable
+                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nǐ zhèige jìhua hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ xiǎng bù néng
-                                                shíxíng.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
+                                                  zhèige jìhua hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ xiǎng bù néng
+                                                  shíxíng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>This plan of yours is very good, but I dont
+                                            <entry>This plan of yours is very good, but I don't
                                                 think it can be carried out.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Zhèige bànfa yǐjīng shíxíngle sānge xīngqīle,
-                                                kěshi jiéguǒ bù hǎo.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
+                                                  bànfa yǐjīng shíxíngle sānge xīngqīle, kěshi
+                                                  jiéguǒ bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry>This method has been in practice for three weeks,
-                                                but the results arent good.</entry>
+                                                but the results aren't good.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
@@ -371,26 +433,29 @@
                     </section>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №5</title>
-                        <para>chéng: “to constitute, to make, to become”.<informaltable frame="none"
-                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            constitute, to make, to become”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tǎde xuéxí yìzhí hěn hǎo, bìyè yǐhòu ānpai
-                                                gōngzuò bù chéng wèntí.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎde
+                                                  xuéxí yìzhí hěn hǎo, bìyè yǐhòu ānpai gōngzuò bù
+                                                  chéng wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry>His studies have been good all along, so after he
-                                                graduates, setting up a job for him wont constitute
+                                                graduates, setting up a job for him won't constitute
                                                 a problem.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒde nǚer xiànzài chéngle jiějie, tǎ zhēn xǐhuan
-                                                tāde xiǎo mèimei.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
+                                                  nǚer xiànzài chéngle jiějie, tǎ zhēn xǐhuan tāde
+                                                  xiǎo mèimei.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -402,27 +467,30 @@
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>fēngqì: “established practice, custom; general mood”.<informaltable
-                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngqì</foreignphrase>:
+                            “established practice, custom; general mood”.<informaltable frame="none"
+                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Xiànzài yǒu bù shǎo qīngnián bú yào zài
-                                                shāngdiànli mài dōngxi, zhèizhǒng fēngqì zhēn bù
-                                                hǎo.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
+                                                  yǒu bù shǎo qīngnián bú yào zài shāngdiànli mài
+                                                  dōngxi, zhèizhǒng fēngqì zhēn bù
+                                                  hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>There are a lot of young people now who dont
+                                            <entry>There are a lot of young people now who don't
                                                 want to sell things in shops. This practice is
                                                 really bad.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Xiànzài zài Zhōngguo, yòu yǒule niàn shūde
-                                                fēngqì.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
+                                                  zài Zhōngguo, yòu yǒule niàn shūde
+                                                  fēngqì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -434,73 +502,91 @@
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para/>
                     </section>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №6</title>
-                        <para>hé: “with”. You have seen he used between two nouns or pronouns as a
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>: “with”.
+                            You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >hé</foreignphrase> used between two nouns or pronouns as a
                             conjunction meaning “and”. Here you see it used as a prepositional verb
-                            meaning “with”. The word gēn, which you have seen, also has both
-                            meanings, “and” and “with”.</para>
-                        <para>Formerly, gēn was the most frequently used word for “with” or “and” in
-                            the Mandarin spoken in North China, and he was more often written. But
-                            he has come into wide conversational use in pùtōnghuà. In addition to
+                            meaning “with”. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >gēn</foreignphrase>, which you have seen, also has both meanings,
+                            “and” and “with”.</para>
+                        <para>Formerly, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >gēn</foreignphrase> was the most frequently used word for “with” or
+                            “and” in the Mandarin spoken in North China, and he was more often
+                            written. But he has come into wide conversational use in <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pǔtōnghuà</foreignphrase>. In addition to
                             this variation, school children in Taiwan are sometimes taught to say
-                            hàn instead of he, which is the same character with another
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hàn</foreignphrase>
+                            instead of he, which is the same character with another
                             pronunciation.</para>
-                        <para>Generally speaking, if you use hé or gēn you should not have any
-                            problem being understood by any speaker of Standard Chinese.</para>
-                        <para>liàn'ài: “to fall in love, to be in love; romantic love, courtship”.
-                            This is the socially acceptable way to describe a romantic relationship
-                            between two people. Notice that liàn'ài can be used both as noun and as
-                            a verb. (Liàn’ài is written with an apostrophe to show where the
-                            syllable division is: liàn ài, not lià nài.)<informaltable frame="none"
-                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para>Generally speaking, if you use <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēn</foreignphrase> you should not have
+                            any problem being understood by any speaker of Standard Chinese.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn'ài</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            fall in love, to be in love; romantic love, courtship”. This is the
+                            socially acceptable way to describe a romantic relationship between two
+                            people. Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >liàn'ài</foreignphrase> can be used both as noun and as a verb.
+                                (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liàn'ài</foreignphrase>
+                            is written with an apostrophe to show where the syllable division
+                                is:<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> liàn
+                                ài</foreignphrase>, not <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >lià nài</foreignphrase>.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tǎmen liàn’àile hǎojinián le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                  liàn'àile hǎojinián le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Theyve been in love for quite a few years
+                                            <entry>They've been in love for quite a few years
                                                 now.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tǎmen xiànzài kǎishǐ liàn’ài le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                  xiànzài kāishǐ liàn'ài le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Theyve just started to fall in love.</entry>
+                                            <entry>They've just started to fall in love.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Womende liàn’ài zhī you sāntiǎn, jiù bù xíng
-                                                le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmende
+                                                  liàn'ài zhǐ yǒu sāntiān, jiù bù xíng
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Our love is only three days old and already its
+                                            <entry>Our love is only three days old and already it's
                                                 over.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>The noun liàn’ài is often used in the phrase tán liàn’ài, “to be
+                        <para>The noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >liàn'ài</foreignphrase> is often used in the phrase <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tán liàn'ài</foreignphrase>, “to be
                             romantically involved” or more literally “to talk of
                                 love”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tāmen liāngge tán liàn’ài yǐjīng tánle hěn jiǔ
-                                                le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                  liǎngge tán liàn'ài yǐjīng tánle hěn jiǔ
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -510,13 +596,14 @@
                                                 while now.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ méiyou hé tā tán liàn’ài.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                  méiyou hé tā tán liàn'ài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Im not in love with her.</entry>
+                                            <entry>I'm not in love with her.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
@@ -527,14 +614,16 @@
                     </section>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №7</title>
-                        <para>kě: “really, certainly”. This is an adverb which intensifies state
-                            verbs. Kě can be used before a negative.<informaltable frame="none"
-                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>: “really,
+                            certainly”. This is an adverb which intensifies state verbs.
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě</foreignphrase> can be
+                            used before a negative.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tāmen liǎngge kě hǎo le!</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                  liǎngge kě hǎo le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -543,46 +632,51 @@
                                             <entry>The two of them are very good friends.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Kě bú shi ma!</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú
+                                                  shì ma!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Isnt that so! (Really! or No kidding!)</entry>
+                                            <entry>Isn't that so! (Really! or No kidding!)</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nà kě bù xíng!</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà kě
+                                                  bù xíng!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>That really wont do!</entry>
+                                            <entry>That really won't do!</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nà kě bú shì yíjiàn hǎo shi.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà kě
+                                                  bú shì yíjiàn hǎo shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Thats really not a good thing.</entry>
+                                            <entry>That's really not a good thing.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nǐ kě yào xiǎoxīn!</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kě
+                                                  yào xiǎoxīn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Youve got to be careful!</entry>
+                                            <entry>You've got to be careful!</entry>
                                         </row>
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>Although some Chinese are fond of using the word kě, to other Chinese
-                            it may sound too full of local color with which they do not
+                        <para>Although some Chinese are fond of using the word <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>, to other Chinese it
+                            may sound too full of local color with which they do not
                             identify.</para>
                     </section>
                 </section>
@@ -594,16 +688,17 @@
                 </section>
                 <section>
                     <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
-                    <para>...zài èrshiwǔliǔsuì yǐhòu cái jiéhūn: This is quite a change from
-                        Imperial times, when females might be married off at age thirteen and males
-                        at age six so as to insure the family fortunes or fend off economic
-                        difficulties later. Nontheless, regulations are less strict in the
-                        countryside today, where one can marry perhaps at age twenty.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...zài èrshiwǔliùsuì yǐhòu cái
+                            jiéhūn</foreignphrase>: This is quite a change from Imperial times, when
+                        females might be married off at age thirteen and males at age six so as to
+                        insure the family fortunes or fend off economic difficulties later.
+                        Nonetheless, regulations are less strict in the countryside today, where one
+                        can marry perhaps at age twenty.</para>
                 </section>
             </section>
         </section>
         <section>
-            <title>Part 2: Spring and Fall</title>
+            <title>Part 2</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
             </section>
@@ -611,13 +706,14 @@
                 <title>Reference Notes</title>
                 <section>
                     <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
-                    <para>yíshì: ’ceremony, function’ This can be used to refer to a range of
-                        different ceremonies, from the signing of a treaty or agreement to the
-                        taking of marital vows.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíshì</foreignphrase>:
+                        “ceremony, function” This can be used to refer to a range of different
+                        ceremonies, from the signing of a treaty or agreement to the taking of
+                        marital vows.</para>
                     <para>In old China, marriages were celebrated extravagantly. It was not uncommon
                         to find families going into debt because of the joyous occasion, which
                         marked a new generation added to the family line. This elaborate ritual
-                        served to strengthen familial bonds and the newlyweds feeling of obligation
+                        served to strengthen familial bonds and the newlyweds' feeling of obligation
                         owed to the family.</para>
                     <para>In PRC cities of today, lack of extra money and coupons to purchase food
                         for guests, celebration space, and free time for preparation limit the
@@ -626,16 +722,20 @@
                         where there are fewer restrictions on time and food.</para>
                     <section>
                         <title>Notes on №9</title>
-                        <para>qǐnqi: ’relatives* Qǐnqi is slightly different from the English word
-                            ’relatives’ in that it does not include one’s immediate family, that is
-                            parents or children, but is used to refer to all other relatives. (One’s
-                            immediate family are called Jiāli rén.)<informaltable frame="none"
-                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnqi</foreignphrase>:
+                            “relatives” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >Qīnqi</foreignphrase> is slightly different from the English word
+                            “relatives” in that it does not include one's immediate family, that is
+                            parents or children, but is used to refer to all other relatives. (One's
+                            immediate family are called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >jiāli rén</foreignphrase>.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Nǐmen Jiā qīnqi duō ma?</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen
+                                                  jiā qīnqi duō ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -645,7 +745,8 @@
                                                 family?</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒmen Jiā qinqi kě duō le!</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
+                                                  jiā qīnqi kě duō le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -656,21 +757,31 @@
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
-                        <para>sǒnggei: ’give (a gift) to ...’ The verb song has several meanings.
-                            One is ’to send’, as in Wǒ bā nǐde xíngli sòngshangqu le, ’I sent your
-                            luggage upstairs.’ Another is to give someone something as a
-                            present.</para>
-                        <para>Here you see song with the prepositional verb gěi ’for, to’ after it.
-                            You have also seen Jiāogei, ’to hand over to ..., to submit to...’. When
-                            gěi is used after the main verb as a prepositional verb, it must be
-                            followed by the indirect object, that is, the person or thing to whom
-                            something is given. Gěi can also be used this way with jì ’to send’, and
-                            mǎi ’to sell’.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sònggei</foreignphrase>:
+                            “give (a gift) to …” The verb song has several meanings. One is “to
+                            send”, as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ nǐde xíngli
+                                sòngshangqu le</foreignphrase>, “I sent your luggage upstairs.”
+                            Another is to give someone something as a present.</para>
+                        <para>Here you see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >sòng</foreignphrase> with the prepositional verb <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> “for, to” after it.
+                            You have also seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >jiāogei</foreignphrase>, “to hand over to ..., to submit to...”.
+                            When <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> is
+                            used after the main verb as a prepositional verb, it must be followed by
+                            the indirect object, that is, the person or thing to whom something is
+                            given. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gěi</foreignphrase> can
+                            also be used this way with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >jì</foreignphrase> “to send”, and <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mài</foreignphrase> “to
+                                sell”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ bǎ zhèijiǎn yīfu Jìgei wǒ mèimei le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ
+                                                  zhèijiàn yīfu jìgei wǒ mèimei
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -680,7 +791,8 @@
                                                 sister.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Tā bǎ fángzi màigei wǒ le.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bǎ
+                                                  fángzi màigei wǒ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -692,16 +804,20 @@
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
                         <para>In these examples the direct object, clothing or house, is up front in
-                            the sentence, making it necessary to use gěi to put the indirect object
-                            after the main verb. This usually happens in sentences where the object
-                            is specific and the bǎ construction is preferred. When song is followed
-                            by an indirect object, however, the gěi is usually
+                            the sentence, making it necessary to use <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> to put the indirect
+                            object after the main verb. This usually happens in sentences where the
+                            object is specific and the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >bǎ</foreignphrase> construction is preferred. When song is followed
+                            by an indirect object, however, the <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> is usually
                                 optional.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                 <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                     <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                     <tbody>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ yǎo song ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào
+                                                  sòng ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -710,7 +826,8 @@
                                             <entry>I am going to give him a small present.</entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
-                                            <entry>Wǒ yǎo sǒnggei ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào
+                                                  sònggei ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                         </row>
                                         <row>
                                             <entry/>
@@ -721,174 +838,4200 @@
                                     </tbody>
                                 </tgroup>
                             </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...sònggei ni shénme
+                                lǐwù?</foreignphrase>: Wedding gifts for friends and relatives in
+                            the PRC are generally “useful” items. Common among these are
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nuǎnpíng</foreignphrase>,
+                            hot water jugs; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >huāpíng</foreignphrase>, vases; <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táidēng</foreignphrase>, table lamps;
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐ</foreignphrase>, pens;
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liánpěn</foreignphrase>,
+                            wash basins; or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >cānjù</foreignphrase>, kitchen items.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>: “to act
+                            as, to serve as”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                sònggei wo yìxiē xiǎo lǐwù zuǒ jìniàn.</foreignphrase> is literally
+                            “They gave me a few small presents to serve as mementos.”<informaltable
+                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
+                                                  xuéxiǎo bìyède xuésheng, hěn duō dōu zuò lǎoshī
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>
+                                                <para> A lot of students who graduated from this
+                                                  school have become teachers.</para>
+                                            </entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yòng
+                                                  zhèiběn xīn shū zuò lǐwù, hǎo bu
+                                                  hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Would it be okay to use this new book as a
+                                                present?</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable>
+                        </para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò</foreignphrase>, “to act
+                            as, to serve as” is often seen used with <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>, “to use” as in the
+                            example above, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng ... zuò
+                                ...</foreignphrase>, “to use (something) as (something)
+                            else”.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìniàn</foreignphrase>:
+                            “memento, remembrance; to commemorate”.</para>
+                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi ta
+                                                yìzhāng zhàopiàn zuò jìniàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'l give him a photo as a memento.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable>
                     </section>
-                </section>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 3: Terrain</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
-        <para/>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 1: Buying Clothes</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 2: Buying Clothes</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Having Clothes made</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
-        <para/>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 1: At the Barber</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 2: At the Hairdresser</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
-        <para/>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 1: Personal Belongings</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 2: Parts of the Home</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Taking Care of Children</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complains</title>
-        <para/>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 1: Colds and Fevers</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 2: Stomach Ailments</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Taking Temperature and Blood Pressure</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
-        <para/>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 1: Losing a Driver's license</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Part 2: A Motorcycle Accident</title>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference List</title>
-            </section>
-            <section>
-                <title>Reference Notes</title>
-            </section>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Crossing into a Restricted Area</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title>
-        </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Appendix</title>
-        <subtitle>Unit Vocabulary Characters</subtitle>
-        <section>
-            <title>Parts of the Body</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Medical Conditions and Illness</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Furniture and Household Items</title>
-        </section>
-        <section>
-            <title>Parts of the House</title>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Notes on №10</title>
+                        <para>xǔduō: “many; a great deal (of), lots (of)”. Xǔduō is used as a number
+                            (it can be followed by a counter) to modify other nouns. <informaltable
+                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <colspec colname="newCol3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>A:</entry>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"><foreignphrase
+                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu duōshao
+                                                  qián?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3">How much money
+                                                is there left?</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>B:</entry>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"><foreignphrase
+                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu
+                                                  xǔduō.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3">There's still
+                                                a lot left, or There's a lot more.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  mǎile xǔduō (zhāng) huàr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He bought a lot of paintings.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable>
+                        </para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǔduō</foreignphrase> has
+                            several things in common with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >hěn duō</foreignphrase>, in addition to similarity of meaning. Used
+                            as modifiers in front of nouns, both <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn duō</foreignphrase> can (1) be used
+                            alone, (2) be used with de, and (3) be followed by a counter, but not
+                            usually -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >ge</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  rènshi xǔduō rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  rènshi hěn duō rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He knows a lot of people.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  jiànle xǔduō(de) rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  jiànle hen duō(de) rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He saw (met with) a lot of people.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bìchǔli
+                                                  yǒu hěn duō (jiàn) dàyī.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>There are a lot of overcoats in the
+                                                closet.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  xiěle xǔduō (běn) shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He wrote a lot of books.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hěn duō</foreignphrase> is
+                            probably more common than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >xǔduō</foreignphrase>. Some speakers feel that they do not use
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase> in
+                            conversation; many speakers, however, do not feel any restriction about
+                            using it in conversation.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...zhùdao nǚjiār
+                                qu</foreignphrase>: “to go live with the wife's family” You've seen
+                            the prepositional verb dào used after main verbs, as in <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nádao lóushàng qu</foreignphrase>, “take
+                            it upstairs”. Following verbs expressing some kind of motion, the use of
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> is
+                            fairly straightforward. But in the above example from the Reference
+                            List, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> is
+                            used with a verb which is not usually thought of as expressing motion,
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase>, “to
+                            live, to inhabit”. Here is another example of <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase> used in a phrase
+                            expressing motion:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shi
+                                                  zuótiān zhùjinlaide.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He moved in yesterday.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>The verbs <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >zhàn</foreignphrase> “to stand” and <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase> “to sit” can also be
+                            used in phrases expressing motion.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
+                                                  zhàndao nèibianr qu, hǎo bu
+                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Would you please go stand over there.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
+                                                  zuòdao qiǎnbianr qu, hǎo bu
+                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Would you please go sit up front.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>Due to the lack of housing, which might involve a wait of from one to
+                            three years for newlyweds, it is not infrequent now to find the groom
+                            join the household of his new bride. This is in contrast to former
+                            tradition, which stated that the woman became part of the man's family,
+                            and of course, moved into his family's house.</para>
+                        <para>In the past, for the groom to join the household of his new bride
+                            carried special significance. It was called rù zhuì and might take place
+                            when a family had only female children and the father wanted his
+                            daughter's husband to take his last name in order to carry on the family
+                            line.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qūbié</foreignphrase>:
+                            “difference” When expressing the difference between two things, use
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">... gēn ... yǒu
+                                qūbié</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn
+                                                  zìdiǎn gēn nèiběn yǒu hěn dàde
+                                                  qūbié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>There is a big difference between this dictionary
+                                                and that one.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
+                                                  xuéxiào gēn nèige xuéxiào yǒu shénme
+                                                  qūbié?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>What is the difference between this school and
+                                                that one?</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Zhèiliǎngge bànfǎde qūbié zài
+                                                  nǎr?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>What is the difference between these two
+                                                methods?</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú shì
+                                ma!</foreignphrase>. : “Yes, indeed!, I'll say!”, or more literally,
+                            “Isn't it so! <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú shì ma!
+                            </foreignphrase>is often used in northern China to indicate hearty
+                            agreement, or to indicate that something makes perfect sense to the
+                            speaker, something like English “Well, of course!” or “Really!”.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù shǎo</foreignphrase>:
+                            Literally “not a little”, in other words, “quite a lot”.</para>
+                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu bù
+                                                shǎo huà yào gēn ni shuō.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has a lot he wants to say to you.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Měiguo
+                                                bù shǎo rén yǒu qìchē.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>In America a lot of people have cars.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érqiě</foreignphrase>:
+                            “furthermore, moreover”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiǎn
+                                                  tiānqi bù hǎo, érqiě hǎoxiàng yào xià
+                                                  xuě.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>The weather is bad today, and furthermore it
+                                                looks as if it's going to snow.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ěrqiě</foreignphrase> is
+                            often used in the pattern <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú
+                                dan...érqiě</foreignphrase> “not only ... but also...” or “not only
+                            ... moreover...”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Zhèizhěng huǎr hú dàn hǎo kàn, érqiě fēicháng
+                                                  xiāng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>This kind of flower is not only pretty, but it's
+                                                also very fragrant.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bú
+                                                  dàn ài chī táng, érqiě shénme tián dōngxi dōu ài
+                                                  chī.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I not only like to eat candy, (moreover) I like
+                                                to eat anything sweet.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú
+                                                  dàn xuéguo Zhōngwén, érqiě xuéde bú
+                                                  cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Not only has he studied Chinese, but moreover he
+                                                has learned it quite well.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù
+                                                  dàn méiyou hé tā tán liàn'ài, érqiě wǒ yě bú dà
+                                                  xǐhuan ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Not only am I not in love with her, moreover I
+                                                don't like her very much.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                    </section>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
+                        <para>The American exchange student and her language teacher continue their
+                            conversation:</para>
+                        <para/>
+                    </section>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Part 3</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Reference Notes</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para/>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Notes on №12</title>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuāngfāng</foreignphrase>:
+                            “both sides, both parties”</para>
+                        <para>
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Zhèijiàn shìqing shi Zhōngguo hé Měiguo
+                                                  shuāngfāng dōu zhīdaode.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>This matter is known to both America and
+                                                China.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable>
+                        </para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐcǐ</foreignphrase>: “the
+                            one and the other; each other, mutually”<informaltable frame="none"
+                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suīrán
+                                                  wǒmen méiyou shuō huà, kěshi bǐcǐ dōu zhīdao, tāde
+                                                  bìng méiyou bànfa le. </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Although we didn't say anything, we both knew.
+                                                There was nothing that could be done for his
+                                                illness.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>A:</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōumō
+                                                  hǎo!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry>Have a nice weekend.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>B:</entry>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǐcǐ,
+                                                  bǐcǐ!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                            <entry>You too!</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable>
+                        </para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            understand; to acquaint oneself with, to try to
+                                understand”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Zhèijiàn shì, wǒ bù dǒng, hái děi qù liǎojiě
+                                                  yíxià.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I don't understand this, I have to go back and
+                                                try to understand it again.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                  liǎojiě ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I understand her.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                  juéde tā méiyou yíge péngyou zhēnde liǎojiě
+                                                  tā.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>He feels that he doesn't have a single friend who
+                                                really knows him. </entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>Notice that when you want to say “to know someone” meaning “to
+                            understand someone”, the Chinese word to use is <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě</foreignphrase>, not
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènshi</foreignphrase>
+                            (which simply means to have made someone's acquaintance)</para>
+                    </section>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №13</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...líhūnde bú tài
+                            duō</foreignphrase>: “There aren't many people getting divorced …;”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Líhūnde</foreignphrase>,
+                        “those (people) who get divorced”, is a noun phrase in which <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líhūn</foreignphrase> is <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nominalized</foreignphrase> by
+                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №14</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fūfù</foreignphrase>: “husband
+                        and wife, married couple”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen fūfù
+                                                liǎngge dōu fēicháng hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Those two (that couple) are both very nice.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú zài yíge dìqū
+                            gōngzuò</foreignphrase>: “do not work in the same region”.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yíge</foreignphrase>, “one”,
+                        is frequently used to mean “one and the same”. Here are some more
+                            examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen dōu
+                                                zài yíge xuéxiào niàn shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>All of us go to the same school.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
+                                                liǎngge dōu shi yíge lǎoshī
+                                                jiāochulaide.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>They are both the product of the same
+                                            teacher.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №15</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqǐnjià</foreignphrase>:
+                        “leave for visiting family”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tàn
+                            qīn</foreignphrase> means to visit one's closest relatives, usually
+                        parents, a spouse, or children.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān tā
+                                                jiù qù Shànghǎi tàn qīn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Tomorrow he's going to Shanghai to visit his
+                                            family.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №16</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒngshi</foreignphrase>:
+                        “always, all the time”. This adverb may also occur as zǒng.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zǒngshi
+                                                ài qù Huáměi kāfēitīng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He always loves to go to the <foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huáměi</foreignphrase>
+                                            Coffeehouse.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nénggòu</foreignphrase>: “can,
+                        to be able to”. This is a synonym of <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">něng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №17</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīngguo</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        pass by or through, to go through”. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguo</foreignphrase> can mean 1) to pass
+                        by or through something physically, or 2) to go through an
+                            experience.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguo
+                                                zhèicì xuéxí yǐhòu wǒ kě qīngchu duō
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>As a result of this study, I see things a lot more
+                                            clearly.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ měitiān
+                                                xià bān huí jiāde shíhou, dōu jīngguo Bǎihuò
+                                                Dàlóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Every day on my way home from work I pass by the
+                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎihuò
+                                                Dàlóu</foreignphrase>.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jīngguo
+                                                zhèige wūzide shíhou, nǐ méiyou kànjian wǒmen zài
+                                                lǐtou gōngzuò ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When you passed by this room, didn't you see us
+                                            working inside?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngdāng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “quite, pretty (good, degree of'. etc.); considerable, a considerable degree
+                            of”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde shēntǐ
+                                                xiāngdāng hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>His health is quite good.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎolǜ</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        consider; consideration”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng
+                                                kǎolǜguo le, tā háishi yīnggāi shàng
+                                                dàxué.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I have already given it consideration he should still
+                                            go to college.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase>: “but”, a
+                        synonym of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >kěshi</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng
+                                                qùguo le, dànshi wǒ méiyou kàndao
+                                                ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I already went there, but I didn't see her.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №18</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánnǚ</foreignphrase>: “male and
+                            female”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nānnǚde
+                                                shìqing zuì nán shuō.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Matters between men and women are the hardest to
+                                            judge.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīngdāng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “should, ought to”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Yīngdāng</foreignphrase> is a less-frequently heard word for
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīnggāi</foreignphrase>. These
+                        two words share in common the following meanings:<orderedlist>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“should” in the sense of obligation or duty.</para>
+                                <para>
+                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                            <tbody>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Zánmen shi tóngzhì, yīngdāng (or yīnggāi) bǐcǐ
+                                                  bāngmáng. </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry/>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry>We two are comrades, we should help each
+                                                  other.</entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                        </tgroup>
+                                    </informaltable>
+                                </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“ought to” in the sense of “it would be suitable to”.</para>
+                                <para>
+                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                            <tbody>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wàitou lěng, nǐ yīnggāi (or yīngdāng) duō chuān
+                                                  yìdiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry/>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry>It's cold out, you should put on some more
+                                                  clothing.</entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                        </tgroup>
+                                    </informaltable>
+                                </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“should” in the sense of “it would be desirable to”.</para>
+                                <para>
+                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                            <tbody>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Nǐ yīnggāi (or yīngdāng) shìyishi, zhēn hǎo
+                                                  wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry/>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry>You should try this, it's fun.</entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                        </tgroup>
+                                    </informaltable>
+                                </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“should” in the sense of “it is expected”.</para>
+                                <para>
+                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                            <tbody>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Shídiǎn zhōng le, tā yīnggāi </foreignphrase>(or
+                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >yīngdāng</foreignphrase>) <foreignphrase
+                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài dào
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry/>
+                                                </row>
+                                                <row>
+                                                  <entry>It's ten o'clock, he should be here
+                                                  soon.</entry>
+                                                </row>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                        </tgroup>
+                                    </informaltable>
+                                </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                        </orderedlist></para>
+                    <para>
+                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle sānnián le, yīnggāi xuéde bú
+                                            cuò le.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry> He's been studying Chinese for three years, he
+                                            should be pretty good by now.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable>
+                    </para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase>:
+                        “relatively, comparatively, by comparison”. Also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiǎo</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
+                                                bǐjiào rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's hotter today.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
+                                                yīfu gǎile yǐhòu, bǐjiào hǎo
+                                                yìdiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>After this article of clothing is altered, it will be
+                                            better.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi
+                                                liǎngtiān tā bǐjiào shūfu yìdiǎnr, bù zěnme fā shāo
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The past couple of days he's been feeling better, he
+                                            doesn't have such a high fever any more.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>You may sometimes hear Chinese speakers use <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase> before other adverbial
+                        expressions like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú
+                            tài</foreignphrase> “not too”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >bù zěnme</foreignphrase> “not so”, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú nàme</foreignphrase> “not so” or hen
+                        “very”. Careful speakers, however, feel that <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase> should not be used in
+                        such cases.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №19</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase>: “will;
+                        might; be likely to”. The auxiliary verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase> is used to express
+                        likelihood here.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān tā
+                                                huì bu hui lái?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Will he come tomorrow?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù bǎ
+                                                mén guānhǎo, nǐ huì bu hui juéde tài
+                                                rè?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>If I go close the door, will you feel too
+                                            hot?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiějué</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        solve, to settle (a problem), to overcome (a difficulty)”.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ bú yao
+                                                jí, qiǎnde wèntí yǐjīng jiějué
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't get anxious, the problem of money has already
+                                            been solved.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue in Washington, D. C.</title>
+                    <para>A graduate student in Chinese studies talks with an exchange student from
+                        Peking.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...nánjia hái yào sòng xǔduō
+                            lǐwù ma?</foreignphrase>: In traditional China, the groom's family gave
+                        gifts to the bride's family to compensate for the loss of their daughter.
+                        (For the loss of the daughter might also entail a substantial loss of
+                        property and servants.) In Taiwan, it is still the man's family who in most
+                        cases pays for the wedding arrangements. In the PRC today, these customs no
+                        longer exist.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài Zhōngguo líhūnde duō bu
+                            duō?</foreignphrase>: Although allowed by law with the mutual consent of
+                        both parties, it is not easy to obtain a divorce in the PRC. With the
+                        exceptions of one party being either politically questionable or terminally
+                        ill, the majority of couples are asked to resolve their differences via
+                        study and group criticism.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...yǒu yìxiē fūfù bú zài yíge
+                            dìfang gōngzuò</foreignphrase>: Many couples still have to be split up
+                        in order for each to have work. (Jobs are arranged for and assigned by the
+                        local government.) This is, of course, a great hardship since it is
+                        improbable that either will be able to arrange a transfer of job to the
+                        other's work-place. The splits are arranged in order to increase rural
+                        population and provide labor for rural jobs. The partner left in the city,
+                        usually the woman, can go to the countryside to join her spouse, but rural
+                        life is so difficult that this is not likely.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...suǐràn měinián yǒu bànge
+                            yuède tànqīnjià</foreignphrase>: There are two types of leave for
+                        visiting one's family in the PRC. One is for unmarried children to return
+                        home to see their parents, the other is for couples who are assigned to
+                        different places for work. These trips are paid for by one's work unit (but
+                        communes have no family leave provisions). If the person on leave is working
+                        relatively near his home, he is allowed a fifteen day visit once per year
+                        and a worker who is located relatively far from home can take a thirty day
+                        visit once every two years.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 2</title>
+        <para/>
+        <section>
+            <title>Part 1</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Reference Notes</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Notes on №1</title>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiáojie</foreignphrase>: “daughter”. You have seen
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiáojie</foreignphrase> meaning “Miss” or ”young
+                            lady”. Here it is used to mean “daughter”. Note, however, that it is
+                            used only in referring to someone else's daughter, not in referring to
+                            one's own daughter(s).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu jǐwèi
+                                                  xiáojie?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>How many daughters does he have?</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen xiáojie zhēn
+                                                  piàoliang.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>Your daughter is really pretty.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiáojie</foreignphrase>, meaning either “Miss” or
+                            “daughter”, is not in current usage in the PRC.</para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dā xǐde rìzi</foreignphrase>: “wedding day”, literally
+                            “big joyful day”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐ</foreignphrase> “to be glad,
+                            joyful”, is used in several expressions having to do with weddings. The
+                            character for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ</foreignphrase> is often used as a
+                            decoration. For weddings, two <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ</foreignphrase>
+                            characters together are used as a decoration.</para>
+                    </section>
+
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén hěn lǎoshi</foreignphrase>: “he's very honest”.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rén</foreignphrase>, “person”, can he used to refer to a
+                        person's character. It can he used with a noun or pronoun before it, for
+                        example <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hěn lǎoshi</foreignphrase>, literally “As for
+                        him, his person is very honest”. The wording <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                            rén</foreignphrase> ... is often used to talk about the way someone
+                        truly is:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hěn ài bāngzhu bié
+                                                rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He (is the sort of person who) likes to help
+                                            others.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liú Xiānsheng rén hěn tèbié, shénme
+                                                shìqing dōu yào wèn yige
+                                            wèishenme.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Mr. Liú is a different sort of person, he has to ask
+                                            “why” about everything.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hén
+                                            kèqi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He's a very polite sort of person.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Sometimes <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén</foreignphrase> refers to a person's mental
+                        state of being:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hēde tài duō, rén hái yǒu diǎnr bu
+                                                qīSngchu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I had too much to drink and I'm still a little
+                                            foggy.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rén</foreignphrase> also sometimes refers to a person's
+                        physical self. This meaning is mostly used in situations where a contrast is
+                        implied, something like “And as for the person himself, ...”. For
+                            example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yìzhí zhǐshi hé tā tōng diànhuà,
+                                                jīntiān zǎoshang, cái dìyīcì jiàn miàn, tā rén
+                                                fēicháng piàoliàng.</foreignphrase>
+                                        </entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>
+                                            <para>All along I had only talked to her over the phone,
+                                                but this morning I met her for the first time. She's
+                                                very beautiful.</para>
+                                        </entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Tāmen jiéhūn bu dào yíge yuè, xiānsheng jiù dào
+                                            Jiāzhōu niàn shū qu le, rén zài Měiguo, xīn zài Tǎiwān,
+                                            shū zěnme niàndehǎo ne?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>They hadn't even been married for one month when her
+                                            husband went to California to go to school. He was in
+                                            America, but his heart was in Taiwan, how could he
+                                            possibly study well?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>: “to associate with, to have
+                        dealings with”, often said of boyfriend-girlfriend
+                            relationships.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hé tā méiyou shénme tèbiéde
+                                                jiāowǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>There's no special relationship between him and me.
+                                            (Said by a daughter in explanation to her
+                                            mother.)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>In the PRC <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase> is not used this way;
+                        use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènshi</foreignphrase>, “to know (a person)” or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāo péngyou</foreignphrase>, “to make friends” instead.
+                        In the PRC, you will hear <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase> used in
+                        phrases such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐangguo rénmínde jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>,
+                        “the contact (association) between the peoples of these two
+                        countries”.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on №4</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánfāng</foreignphrase>: “the bridegroom's side”, a phrase
+                        which often refers to the bridegroom himself, and sometimes refers to the
+                        bridegroom's family, relatives, and friends collectively.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nánfāng</foreignphrase>, “the bridegroom's side”, happens
+                        to be a homonym of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánfāng</foreignphrase>, “the
+                            South”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguo rén jiéhūnde shíhou, nánfāng
+                                                dà qǐng kè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When Chinese get married, the groom's family hosts a
+                                            big feast.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiéhūn yǐqiǎn nánfāng nǚfāng bǐcǐ sòng
+                                                lǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Before a marriage, the groom's side and the bride's
+                                            side give each other gifts.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>[<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚfāng</foreignphrase> means “the bride's side,” referring
+                        either to ”the bride” herself, or to “the bride's family, relatives, and
+                        friends collectively”.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shóu</foreignphrase>: “to be familiar with ...” Also
+                        pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shú</foreignphrase>.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shóu</foreignphrase> is used with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase> for people and with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duì</foreignphrase> for places.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hé tā hen
+                                            shóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I know him very well.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā duì Tǎiběi hěn
+                                                shóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She knows Taipei very well.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shóu</foreignphrase> also means “to be cooked sufficiently”
+                        and “to be ripe”.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎo</foreignphrase>: You've learned this as the verb “to be
+                        early”, now you see it used to mean “long ago”.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo zhǐdào nǐ bù
+                                                huílai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I knew long ago that you wouldn't come back.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo tīngshuō
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I heard about it long ago.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>