FSI-Chinese-Docbook/OptionalModule-MBD/FSI-OptionalModule-MBD.xml

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    version="5.1">
    <title>Customs Surrounding</title>
    <subtitle>Marriage, Birth and Death</subtitle>
    <section>
        <title>Objectives</title>
        <section>
            <title>General</title>
            <para>The purpose of the Module on Customs Surrounding Marriage, Birth and Death is to
                furnish you with the linguistic skills and cultural Background information you need
                to take part in conversations about changing attitudes and practices with regard to
                courtship, marriage, birth, divorce, death and funerals in China, and to conduct
                yourself in a culturally appropriate manner when you come in contact with Chinese
                people at the time of one of these significant events in their lives.</para>
            <para>Before starting the MBD module, you should have at least completed the Arranging a
                Meeting Module. You may, of course, use this module at any later point in the
                course.</para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Specific</title>
            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:</para>
            <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask about the age when most people get married.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask about how a wedding is celebrated and what differences there are in
                        marriage practices between the city and the country.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask about the current local customs regarding gifts for weddings, births,
                        and funerals.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask about the frequency of divorce.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Talk about the functions and statuses of the people who play a role in
                        arranging a present-day traditional marriage.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask questions about the bride, the groom, and the ceremony in a modern-day
                        wedding.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask about population control efforts, changes in population control
                        policy, restrictions on young people having children, what factors are taken
                        into consideration in family planning, and how old most couples are when
                        they have children.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Congratulate a new mother. Ask about a new-born infant's health, appetite,
                        and weight, and describe the baby in terms of traditional values.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Talk about the traditional beliefs and practices with regard to the
                        mother's health before and after giving birth.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Present condolences to someone whose relative has died, comfort and
                        express concern for that person.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask, after deciding if appropriate, about the circumstances of the death
                        and the funeral.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Apologize for not being able to attend a funeral.</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Ask what attire and behavior are appropriate when attending a
                        funeral.</para>
                </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 1</title>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíchàng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        advocate, to promote, to initiate, to recommend, to encourage”<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhè shi
                                                shéi tíchàngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Who advocates this?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        young” (literally “years-light” or “years green”. There are two different
                        characters with the same sound used for the second syllable.)</para>
                    <para>
                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhènme
                                                niánqīng, zhènme piàoliang!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She's so young and so beautiful!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                niánqīngde shíhou, bù xǐhuan kàn
                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When I was young, I didn't like to read.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèixiē
                                                niánqīng rén dōu ài kàn
                                            diànyǐng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>These young people all love to go to the
                                            movies.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige
                                                niánqīngde Zhōngguo rén, Yīngwén shuōde bú
                                                cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>That young Chinese person speaks pretty good
                                            English.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable>
                    </para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase>: “to get
                        married”, also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jiēhūn</foreignphrase>. Notice that in Chinese you talk of “getting
                        married”, while in English we talk of “being married”. And it follows
                        grammatically that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jiéhūn</foreignphrase> is a process verb, not a state verb.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiéhūn</foreignphrase> will
                        always be seen with an aspect marker such as <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">le</foreignphrase> or will be negated with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >méi</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                jiéhūnle méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Have they gotten married yet? (This is the equivalent
                                            of 'Are they married?)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiéhūn
                                                duó jiǔ le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How long have you been married?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase> is a
                        verb-object compound, literally meaning “to knot marriage”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jié</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūn</foreignphrase> can be separated by
                        aspect markers, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >de</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >guo</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi
                                                shénme shíhou jiéde hūn?</foreignphrase> OR
                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi
                                                shénme shíhou jiéhūnde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When did you get married?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng
                                                Xiānsheng jiéguo sāncì hūn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Mr. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Wáng</foreignphrase> has been married three
                                            times.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>To say “get married to someone” use the pattern <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēn ... jiéhūn</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gēn shéi
                                                jiéhūn le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>To whom did he get married?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>

                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №2</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn
                                wǎnhūn</foreignphrase>: “late involvement and late marriage”.
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǎnliàn</foreignphrase> is
                            an abbreviation for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn
                                liàn'ài</foreignphrase>, “mature love”, (<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn'ài</foreignphrase> means “romantic
                            love, courtship”), and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >wǎnhūn</foreignphrase> is an abbreviation for <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎn jiéhūn</foreignphrase>, “late
                            marriage”. This policy has been promoted since the 1960s, but only
                            actively enforced since the 1970s. It is difficult to generalize about
                            the required minimum marriage ages, as they differ from city to city and
                            might be non-existent in certain rural and national minority areas,
                            where the government is trying to increase the population. The minimum
                            age has been progressively raised over the years, until 1978 when the
                            rules were eased a bit. In general, if the combined ages of the couple
                            exceeds fifty years (or the female's age exceeds the male's), then the
                            marriage is allowable.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №3</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīngnián</foreignphrase>:
                            “youth, young person”. Do not confuse this noun with the adjectival verb
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng</foreignphrase>,
                            “to be young”. (See Notes on No. 1)</para>
                        <para>In this sentence, the noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >qīngnián</foreignphrase> is used to modify the noun <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎoshī</foreignphrase>,
                                “teacher”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>A:</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jìde
                                                  sānshinián yǐqián nǐ tèbié ài chī
                                                  táng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>I remember that thirty years ago you especially
                                                loved to eat candy.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>B:</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shì a,
                                                  nèi shíhou wǒmen dōu háishi qīngnián. Xiànzài lǎo
                                                  le, yá bù xíng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>Yes. Back then we were all young people. Now I'm
                                                old, and my teeth aren't good any more.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǔlì</foreignphrase>: “to be
                            hardworking, to diligent”, or as an adverb, “diligently,be hard”.</para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  suīrán hěn nǔlì, kěshi tāde Yīngwen háishi bù
                                                  xíng.</foreignphrase>
                                            </entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Although he's very hardworking, his English is
                                                still not good enough.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi
                                                  nǔlì xué Zhōngwén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I have to study Chinese very hard.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №4</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngcūn</foreignphrase>:
                            “rural areas, countryside, village”.<informaltable frame="none"
                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Nóngcūnde kōngqì bǐ chéngli hǎoduō
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The air in the country is much better than in the
                                                city.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  jiā zài nóngcūn zhù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Their family lives in the country.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíxíng</foreignphrase>: “to
                            practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan, reform)”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                  zhèige jìhua hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ xiǎng bù néng
                                                  shíxíng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This plan of yours is very good, but I don't
                                                think it can be carried out.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                  bànfa yǐjīng shíxíngle sānge xīngqīle, kěshi
                                                  jiéguǒ bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This method has been in practice for three weeks,
                                                but the results aren't good.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №5</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng</foreignphrase>: “to
                            constitute, to make, to become”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎde
                                                  xuéxí yìzhí hěn hǎo, bìyè yǐhòu ānpai gōngzuò bù
                                                  chéng wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His studies have been good all along, so after he
                                                graduates, setting up a job for him won't constitute
                                                a problem.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
                                                  nǚer xiànzài chéngle jiějie, tǎ zhēn xǐhuan tāde
                                                  xiǎo mèimei.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>My daughter has become an older sister. She
                                                really likes her little sister.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngqì</foreignphrase>:
                            “established practice, custom; general mood”.<informaltable frame="none"
                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
                                                  yǒu bù shǎo qīngnián bú yào zài shāngdiànli mài
                                                  dōngxi, zhèizhǒng fēngqì zhēn bù
                                                  hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There are a lot of young people now who don't
                                                want to sell things in shops. This practice is
                                                really bad.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
                                                  zài Zhōngguo, yòu yǒule niàn shūde
                                                  fēngqì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Now in China there is again a general atmosphere
                                                of study.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №6</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>: “with”.
                            You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >hé</foreignphrase> used between two nouns or pronouns as a
                            conjunction meaning “and”. Here you see it used as a prepositional verb
                            meaning “with”. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >gēn</foreignphrase>, which you have seen, also has both meanings,
                            “and” and “with”.</para>
                        <para>Formerly, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >gēn</foreignphrase> was the most frequently used word for “with” or
                            “and” in the Mandarin spoken in North China, and he was more often
                            written. But he has come into wide conversational use in <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pǔtōnghuà</foreignphrase>. In addition to
                            this variation, school children in Taiwan are sometimes taught to say
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hàn</foreignphrase>
                            instead of he, which is the same character with another
                            pronunciation.</para>
                        <para>Generally speaking, if you use <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēn</foreignphrase> you should not have
                            any problem being understood by any speaker of Standard Chinese.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn'ài</foreignphrase>: “to
                            fall in love, to be in love; romantic love, courtship”. This is the
                            socially acceptable way to describe a romantic relationship between two
                            people. Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >liàn'ài</foreignphrase> can be used both as noun and as a verb.
                                (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liàn'ài</foreignphrase>
                            is written with an apostrophe to show where the syllable division
                                is:<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> liàn
                                ài</foreignphrase>, not <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >lià nài</foreignphrase>.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  liàn'àile hǎojinián le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>They've been in love for quite a few years
                                                now.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  xiànzài kāishǐ liàn'ài le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>They've just started to fall in love.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmende
                                                  liàn'ài zhǐ yǒu sāntiān, jiù bù xíng
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Our love is only three days old and already it's
                                                over.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>The noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >liàn'ài</foreignphrase> is often used in the phrase <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tán liàn'ài</foreignphrase>, “to be
                            romantically involved” or more literally “to talk of
                                love”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  liǎngge tán liàn'ài yǐjīng tánle hěn jiǔ
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The two of them have been in love for quite a
                                                while now.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  méiyou hé tā tán liàn'ài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm not in love with her.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>In China young people tend to go out in groups. When two people are
                            seen going out alone, then it is assumed that they have serious
                            intentions for the future.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №7</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>: “really,
                            certainly”. This is an adverb which intensifies state verbs.
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě</foreignphrase> can be
                            used before a negative.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  liǎngge kě hǎo le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The two of them are very good friends.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú
                                                  shì ma!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Isn't that so! (Really! or No kidding!)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà kě
                                                  bù xíng!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>That really won't do!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà kě
                                                  bú shì yíjiàn hǎo shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>That's really not a good thing.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kě
                                                  yào xiǎoxīn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>You've got to be careful!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Although some Chinese are fond of using the word <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>, to other Chinese it
                            may sound too full of local color with which they do not
                            identify.</para>
                    </section>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
                    <para>An American exchange student talks with her language teacher. They are
                        both in their late twenties.</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...zài èrshiwǔliùsuì yǐhòu cái
                            jiéhūn</foreignphrase>: This is quite a change from Imperial times, when
                        females might be married off at age thirteen and males at age six so as to
                        insure the family fortunes or fend off economic difficulties later.
                        Nonetheless, regulations are less strict in the countryside today, where one
                        can marry perhaps at age twenty.</para>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíshì</foreignphrase>:
                        “ceremony, function” This can be used to refer to a range of different
                        ceremonies, from the signing of a treaty or agreement to the taking of
                        marital vows.</para>
                    <para>In old China, marriages were celebrated extravagantly. It was not uncommon
                        to find families going into debt because of the joyous occasion, which
                        marked a new generation added to the family line. This elaborate ritual
                        served to strengthen familial bonds and the newlyweds' feeling of obligation
                        owed to the family.</para>
                    <para>In PRC cities of today, lack of extra money and coupons to purchase food
                        for guests, celebration space, and free time for preparation limit the
                        celebration often to procedural formality alone—registration with the local
                        police bureau. Wedding dinners may still be enjoyed in the countryside,
                        where there are fewer restrictions on time and food.</para>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №9</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnqi</foreignphrase>:
                            “relatives” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Qīnqi</foreignphrase> is slightly different from the English word
                            “relatives” in that it does not include one's immediate family, that is
                            parents or children, but is used to refer to all other relatives. (One's
                            immediate family are called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jiāli rén</foreignphrase>.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen
                                                  jiā qīnqi duō ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Do you have a lot of relatives in your
                                                family?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  jiā qīnqi kě duō le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We have lots of relatives in our family.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sònggei</foreignphrase>:
                            “give (a gift) to …” The verb song has several meanings. One is “to
                            send”, as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ nǐde xíngli
                                sòngshangqu le</foreignphrase>, “I sent your luggage upstairs.”
                            Another is to give someone something as a present.</para>
                        <para>Here you see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >sòng</foreignphrase> with the prepositional verb <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> “for, to” after it.
                            You have also seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jiāogei</foreignphrase>, “to hand over to ..., to submit to...”.
                            When <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> is
                            used after the main verb as a prepositional verb, it must be followed by
                            the indirect object, that is, the person or thing to whom something is
                            given. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gěi</foreignphrase> can
                            also be used this way with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jì</foreignphrase> “to send”, and <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mài</foreignphrase> “to
                                sell”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ
                                                  zhèijiàn yīfu jìgei wǒ mèimei
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I sent this piece of clothing to my younger
                                                sister.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bǎ
                                                  fángzi màigei wǒ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He sold his house to me.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>In these examples the direct object, clothing or house, is up front in
                            the sentence, making it necessary to use <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> to put the indirect
                            object after the main verb. This usually happens in sentences where the
                            object is specific and the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >bǎ</foreignphrase> construction is preferred. When song is followed
                            by an indirect object, however, the <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> is usually
                                optional.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào
                                                  sòng ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I am going to give him a small present.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào
                                                  sònggei ta yíge xiǎo lǐwù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I am going to give him a small present.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...sònggei ni shénme
                                lǐwù?</foreignphrase>: Wedding gifts for friends and relatives in
                            the PRC are generally “useful” items. Common among these are
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nuǎnpíng</foreignphrase>,
                            hot water jugs; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >huāpíng</foreignphrase>, vases; <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táidēng</foreignphrase>, table lamps;
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐ</foreignphrase>, pens;
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liánpěn</foreignphrase>,
                            wash basins; or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >cānjù</foreignphrase>, kitchen items.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>: “to act
                            as, to serve as”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                sònggei wo yìxiē xiǎo lǐwù zuǒ jìniàn.</foreignphrase> is literally
                            “They gave me a few small presents to serve as mementos.”<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                  xuéxiǎo bìyède xuésheng, hěn duō dōu zuò lǎoshī
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>
                                                <para> A lot of students who graduated from this
                                                  school have become teachers.</para>
                                            </entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yòng
                                                  zhèiběn xīn shū zuò lǐwù, hǎo bu
                                                  hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Would it be okay to use this new book as a
                                                present?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò</foreignphrase>, “to act
                            as, to serve as” is often seen used with <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng</foreignphrase>, “to use” as in the
                            example above, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòng ... zuò
                                ...</foreignphrase>, “to use (something) as (something)
                            else”.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìniàn</foreignphrase>:
                            “memento, remembrance; to commemorate”.</para>
                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi ta
                                                yìzhāng zhàopiàn zuò jìniàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'll give him a photo as a memento.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №10</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase>:
                            “many; a great deal (of), lots (of)”. <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǔduō</foreignphrase> is used as a number
                            (it can be followed by a counter) to modify other nouns. <informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="newCol3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>A:</entry>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"><foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu duōshao
                                                  qián?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3">How much money
                                                is there left?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>B:</entry>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"><foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu
                                                  xǔduō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3"/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry namest="newCol2" nameend="newCol3">There's still
                                                a lot left, or There's a lot more.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  mǎile xǔduō (zhāng) huàr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He bought a lot of paintings.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǔduō</foreignphrase> has
                            several things in common with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >hěn duō</foreignphrase>, in addition to similarity of meaning. Used
                            as modifiers in front of nouns, both <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn duō</foreignphrase> can (1) be used
                            alone, (2) be used with de, and (3) be followed by a counter, but not
                            usually -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >ge</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  rènshi xǔduō rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  rènshi hěn duō rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He knows a lot of people.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  jiànle xǔduō(de) rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  jiànle hen duō(de) rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He saw (met with) a lot of people.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bìchǔli
                                                  yǒu hěn duō (jiàn) dàyī.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There are a lot of overcoats in the
                                                closet.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  xiěle xǔduō (běn) shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He wrote a lot of books.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hěn duō</foreignphrase> is
                            probably more common than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >xǔduō</foreignphrase>. Some speakers feel that they do not use
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase> in
                            conversation; many speakers, however, do not feel any restriction about
                            using it in conversation.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...zhùdao nǚjiār
                                qu</foreignphrase>: “to go live with the wife's family” You've seen
                            the prepositional verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >dào</foreignphrase> used after main verbs, as in <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nádao lóushàng qu</foreignphrase>, “take
                            it upstairs”. Following verbs expressing some kind of motion, the use of
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> is
                            fairly straightforward. But in the above example from the Reference
                            List, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> is
                            used with a verb which is not usually thought of as expressing motion,
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase>, “to
                            live, to inhabit”. Here is another example of <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhù</foreignphrase> used in a phrase
                            expressing motion:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shi
                                                  zuótiān zhùjinlaide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He moved in yesterday.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>The verbs <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >zhàn</foreignphrase> “to stand” and <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase> “to sit” can also be
                            used in phrases expressing motion.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
                                                  zhàndao nèibianr qu, hǎo bu
                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Would you please go stand over there.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
                                                  zuòdao qiǎnbianr qu, hǎo bu
                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Would you please go sit up front.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Due to the lack of housing, which might involve a wait of from one to
                            three years for newlyweds, it is not infrequent now to find the groom
                            join the household of his new bride. This is in contrast to former
                            tradition, which stated that the woman became part of the man's family,
                            and of course, moved into his family's house.</para>
                        <para>In the past, for the groom to join the household of his new bride
                            carried special significance. It was called <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rù zhuì</foreignphrase> and might take
                            place when a family had only female children and the father wanted his
                            daughter's husband to take his last name in order to carry on the family
                            line.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qūbié</foreignphrase>:
                            “difference” When expressing the difference between two things, use
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">... gēn ... yǒu
                                qūbié</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn
                                                  zìdiǎn gēn nèiběn yǒu hěn dàde
                                                  qūbié.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There is a big difference between this dictionary
                                                and that one.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                  xuéxiào gēn nèige xuéxiào yǒu shénme
                                                  qūbié?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>What is the difference between this school and
                                                that one?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèiliǎngge bànfǎde qūbié zài
                                                  nǎr?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>What is the difference between these two
                                                methods?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú shì
                                ma!</foreignphrase>. : “Yes, indeed!, I'll say!”, or more literally,
                            “Isn't it so! <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bú shì ma!
                            </foreignphrase>is often used in northern China to indicate hearty
                            agreement, or to indicate that something makes perfect sense to the
                            speaker, something like English “Well, of course!” or “Really!”.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù shǎo</foreignphrase>:
                            Literally “not a little”, in other words, “quite a lot”.</para>
                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu bù
                                                shǎo huà yào gēn ni shuō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He has a lot he wants to say to you.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Měiguo
                                                bù shǎo rén yǒu qìchē.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>In America a lot of people have cars.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érqiě</foreignphrase>:
                            “furthermore, moreover”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiǎn
                                                  tiānqi bù hǎo, érqiě hǎoxiàng yào xià
                                                  xuě.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The weather is bad today, and furthermore it
                                                looks as if it's going to snow.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ěrqiě</foreignphrase> is
                            often used in the pattern <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú
                                dan...érqiě</foreignphrase> “not only ... but also...” or “not only
                            ... moreover...”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèizhěng huǎr hú dàn hǎo kàn, érqiě fēicháng
                                                  xiāng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This kind of flower is not only pretty, but it's
                                                also very fragrant.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bú
                                                  dàn ài chī táng, érqiě shénme tián dōngxi dōu ài
                                                  chī.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I not only like to eat candy, (moreover) I like
                                                to eat anything sweet.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú
                                                  dàn xuéguo Zhōngwén, érqiě xuéde bú
                                                  cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Not only has he studied Chinese, but moreover he
                                                has learned it quite well.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù
                                                  dàn méiyou hé tā tán liàn'ài, érqiě wǒ yě bú dà
                                                  xǐhuan ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Not only am I not in love with her, moreover I
                                                don't like her very much.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
                        <para>The American exchange student and her language teacher continue their
                            conversation:</para>
                        <para/>
                    </section>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 3</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Reference List</title>
                    <para/>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 3</title>
                    <para/>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №12</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuāngfāng</foreignphrase>:
                            “both sides, both parties”</para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèijiàn shìqing shi Zhōngguo hé Měiguo
                                                  shuāngfāng dōu zhīdaode.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This matter is known to both America and
                                                China.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐcǐ</foreignphrase>: “the
                            one and the other; each other, mutually”<informaltable frame="none"
                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Suīrán
                                                  wǒmen méiyou shuō huà, kěshi bǐcǐ dōu zhīdao, tāde
                                                  bìng méiyou bànfa le. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Although we didn't say anything, we both knew.
                                                There was nothing that could be done for his
                                                illness.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>A:</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōumō
                                                  hǎo!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>Have a nice weekend.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>B:</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǐcǐ,
                                                  bǐcǐ!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>You too!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě</foreignphrase>: “to
                            understand; to acquaint oneself with, to try to
                                understand”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèijiàn shì, wǒ bù dǒng, hái děi qù liǎojiě
                                                  yíxià.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I don't understand this, I have to go back and
                                                try to understand it again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  liǎojiě ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I understand her.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  juéde tā méiyou yíge péngyou zhēnde liǎojiě
                                                  tā.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He feels that he doesn't have a single friend who
                                                really knows him. </entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Notice that when you want to say “to know someone” meaning “to
                            understand someone”, the Chinese word to use is <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě</foreignphrase>, not
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènshi</foreignphrase>
                            (which simply means to have made someone's acquaintance)</para>
                    </section>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №13</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...líhūnde bú tài
                            duō</foreignphrase>: “There aren't many people getting divorced …;”
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Líhūnde</foreignphrase>,
                        “those (people) who get divorced”, is a noun phrase in which <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líhūn</foreignphrase> is <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nominalized</foreignphrase> by
                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase>.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №14</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fūfù</foreignphrase>: “husband
                        and wife, married couple”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen fūfù
                                                liǎngge dōu fēicháng hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Those two (that couple) are both very nice.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú zài yíge dìqū
                            gōngzuò</foreignphrase>: “do not work in the same region”.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yíge</foreignphrase>, “one”,
                        is frequently used to mean “one and the same”. Here are some more
                            examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen dōu
                                                zài yíge xuéxiào niàn shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>All of us go to the same school.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                liǎngge dōu shi yíge lǎoshī
                                                jiāochulaide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>They are both the product of the same
                                            teacher.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №15</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqǐnjià</foreignphrase>:
                        “leave for visiting family”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tàn
                            qīn</foreignphrase> means to visit one's closest relatives, usually
                        parents, a spouse, or children.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān tā
                                                jiù qù Shànghǎi tàn qīn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Tomorrow he's going to Shanghai to visit his
                                            family.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №16</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒngshi</foreignphrase>:
                        “always, all the time”. This adverb may also occur as<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> zǒng.</foreignphrase><informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zǒngshi
                                                ài qù Huáměi kāfēitīng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He always loves to go to the <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huáměi</foreignphrase>
                                            Coffeehouse.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nénggòu</foreignphrase>: “can,
                        to be able to”. This is a synonym of <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">něng</foreignphrase>.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №17</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīngguo</foreignphrase>: “to
                        pass by or through, to go through”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguo</foreignphrase> can mean 1) to pass
                        by or through something physically, or 2) to go through an
                            experience.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguo
                                                zhèicì xuéxí yǐhòu wǒ kě qīngchu duō
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>As a result of this study, I see things a lot more
                                            clearly.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ měitiān
                                                xià bān huí jiāde shíhou, dōu jīngguo Bǎihuò
                                                Dàlóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Every day on my way home from work I pass by the
                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎihuò
                                                Dàlóu</foreignphrase>.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jīngguo
                                                zhèige wūzide shíhou, nǐ méiyou kànjian wǒmen zài
                                                lǐtou gōngzuò ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When you passed by this room, didn't you see us
                                            working inside?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngdāng</foreignphrase>:
                        “quite, pretty (good, degree of'. etc.); considerable, a considerable degree
                            of”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde shēntǐ
                                                xiāngdāng hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His health is quite good.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎolǜ</foreignphrase>: “to
                        consider; consideration”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng
                                                kǎolǜguo le, tā háishi yīnggāi shàng
                                                dàxué.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I have already given it consideration he should still
                                            go to college.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase>: “but”, a
                        synonym of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >kěshi</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng
                                                qùguo le, dànshi wǒ méiyou kàndao
                                                ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I already went there, but I didn't see her.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №18</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánnǚ</foreignphrase>: “male and
                            female”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nānnǚde
                                                shìqing zuì nán shuō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Matters between men and women are the hardest to
                                            judge.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīngdāng</foreignphrase>:
                        “should, ought to”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Yīngdāng</foreignphrase> is a less-frequently heard word for
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīnggāi</foreignphrase>. These
                        two words share in common the following meanings:<orderedlist>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>“should” in the sense of obligation or duty.</para>
                                <para>
                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zánmen shi tóngzhì, yīngdāng (or yīnggāi) bǐcǐ
                                                  bāngmáng. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>We two are comrades, we should help each
                                                  other.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable>
                                </para>
                            </listitem>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>“ought to” in the sense of “it would be suitable to”.</para>
                                <para>
                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wàitou lěng, nǐ yīnggāi (or yīngdāng) duō chuān
                                                  yìdiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>It's cold out, you should put on some more
                                                  clothing.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable>
                                </para>
                            </listitem>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>“should” in the sense of “it would be desirable to”.</para>
                                <para>
                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Nǐ yīnggāi (or yīngdāng) shìyishi, zhēn hǎo
                                                  wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>You should try this, it's fun.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable>
                                </para>
                            </listitem>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>“should” in the sense of “it is expected”.</para>
                                <para>
                                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Shídiǎn zhōng le, tā yīnggāi </foreignphrase>(or
                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >yīngdāng</foreignphrase>) <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài dào
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>It's ten o'clock, he should be here
                                                  soon.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable>
                                </para>
                            </listitem>
                        </orderedlist></para>
                    <para>
                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xué
                                                Zhōngwén xuéle sānnián le, yīnggāi xuéde bú cuò
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry> He's been studying Chinese for three years, he
                                            should be pretty good by now.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable>
                    </para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase>:
                        “relatively, comparatively, by comparison”. Also pronounced <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiǎo</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                bǐjiào rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's hotter today.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
                                                yīfu gǎile yǐhòu, bǐjiào hǎo
                                                yìdiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>After this article of clothing is altered, it will be
                                            better.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi
                                                liǎngtiān tā bǐjiào shūfu yìdiǎnr, bù zěnme fā shāo
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The past couple of days he's been feeling better, he
                                            doesn't have such a high fever any more.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>You may sometimes hear Chinese speakers use <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase> before other adverbial
                        expressions like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú
                            tài</foreignphrase> “not too”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >bù zěnme</foreignphrase> “not so”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú nàme</foreignphrase> “not so” or hen
                        “very”. Careful speakers, however, feel that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào</foreignphrase> should not be used in
                        such cases.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №19</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase>: “will;
                        might; be likely to”. The auxiliary verb <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase> is used to express
                        likelihood here.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān tā
                                                huì bu hui lái?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Will he come tomorrow?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù bǎ
                                                mén guānhǎo, nǐ huì bu hui juéde tài
                                                rè?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>If I go close the door, will you feel too
                                            hot?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiějué</foreignphrase>: “to
                        solve, to settle (a problem), to overcome (a difficulty)”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ bú yao
                                                jí, qiǎnde wèntí yǐjīng jiějué
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't get anxious, the problem of money has already
                                            been solved.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Washington, D. C.</title>
                    <para>A graduate student in Chinese studies talks with an exchange student from
                        Peking.</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...nánjia hái yào sòng xǔduō
                            lǐwù ma?</foreignphrase>: In traditional China, the groom's family gave
                        gifts to the bride's family to compensate for the loss of their daughter.
                        (For the loss of the daughter might also entail a substantial loss of
                        property and servants.) In Taiwan, it is still the man's family who in most
                        cases pays for the wedding arrangements. In the PRC today, these customs no
                        longer exist.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài Zhōngguo líhūnde duō bu
                            duō?</foreignphrase>: Although allowed by law with the mutual consent of
                        both parties, it is not easy to obtain a divorce in the PRC. With the
                        exceptions of one party being either politically questionable or terminally
                        ill, the majority of couples are asked to resolve their differences via
                        study and group criticism.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...yǒu yìxiē fūfù bú zài yíge
                            dìfang gōngzuò</foreignphrase>: Many couples still have to be split up
                        in order for each to have work. (Jobs are arranged for and assigned by the
                        local government.) This is, of course, a great hardship since it is
                        improbable that either will be able to arrange a transfer of job to the
                        other's work-place. The splits are arranged in order to increase rural
                        population and provide labor for rural jobs. The partner left in the city,
                        usually the woman, can go to the countryside to join her spouse, but rural
                        life is so difficult that this is not likely.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...suǐràn měinián yǒu bànge
                            yuède tànqīnjià</foreignphrase>: There are two types of leave for
                        visiting one's family in the PRC. One is for unmarried children to return
                        home to see their parents, the other is for couples who are assigned to
                        different places for work. These trips are paid for by one's work unit (but
                        communes have no family leave provisions). If the person on leave is working
                        relatively near his home, he is allowed a fifteen day visit once per year
                        and a worker who is located relatively far from home can take a thirty day
                        visit once every two years.</para>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Vocabulary</title>
            <para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐcǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">彼此</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		each other, mutually; you too, the same to you
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào (bījiǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">比较</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		relatively, comparatively; fairly, rather
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú dàn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不但</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		not only
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù shǎo </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不少</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quite a lot, quite a few
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to become, to constitute, to make
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城市</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		city
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">但是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		but
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érqiě </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">而且</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		furthermore
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngqì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风气</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		common practice; general mood
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngsū </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风俗</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		custom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fūfù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夫妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		married couple, husband and wife
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎibiàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">改变</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to change
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		with; and
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">会</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		might, to be likely to, will
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(jiehūn) to get married
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiějué</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">解决</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to solve
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jingguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">经过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go through, to pass by or through
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìniàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">纪念</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		memento, memorial
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎolǜ </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">考虑</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to consider; consideration
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">可</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indeed, really
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě bū shi ma!</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">可不是吗</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		I’ll say, yes indeed, that’s for sure
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn’ài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">恋爱</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be romantically involved with; love
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě (liáojie)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">了解</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to understand; understanding
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">离婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to  get divorced
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐwù (lǐwu)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">礼物</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		gift, present
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánjiā(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the husband’s family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánnǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		male and female
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nénggòu </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">能够</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		can, to be able to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">年轻</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be young
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngcūn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		rural area, countryside 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚjiā(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the wife’s family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǔlì </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">努力</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be hardworking, to be diligent; diligently, hard
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīngnián</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青年</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		youth, young person
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnqi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">亲戚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		relatives
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qūbié</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">区别</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		difference, distinction
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíxíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">实行</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan, ‘reform, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuāngfāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">双方</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		both sides, both parties
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sòng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give (something as a gift)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">探亲</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to visit relatives (usually means immediate family)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqīnjià </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">探亲家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		leave for visiting family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíchàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">提倡</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to advocate, to promote, to initiate
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn wǎnhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晚恋晚婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		late involvement and late marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngdāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">相当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quite, pretty, very
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">许多</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		many; a great deal (of), a lot (of)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīngdāng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">应当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		should, ought to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">仪式</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ceremony
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìzhí</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一直</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		all along, all the time (up until a certain point)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhèngfǔ </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">政府</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		government
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùdao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">住到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to move to, to go live at 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒngshi </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">总是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		always
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">作，做</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to serve as, to act as; as
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>
              </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 2</title>
        <para/>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №1</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiáojie</foreignphrase>:
                            “daughter”. You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >xiáojie</foreignphrase> meaning “Miss” or ”young lady”. Here it is
                            used to mean “daughter”. Note, however, that it is used only in
                            referring to someone else's daughter, not in referring to one's own
                                daughter(s).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu
                                                  jǐwèi xiáojie?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How many daughters does he have?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen
                                                  xiáojie zhēn piàoliang.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Your daughter is really pretty.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiáojie</foreignphrase>,
                            meaning either “Miss” or “daughter”, is not in current usage in the
                            PRC.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dā xǐde
                            rìzi</foreignphrase>: “wedding day”, literally “big joyful day”.
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐ</foreignphrase> “to be
                            glad, joyful”, is used in several expressions having to do with
                            weddings. The character for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >xǐ</foreignphrase> is often used as a decoration. For weddings, two
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ</foreignphrase>
                            characters together are used as a decoration.</para>
                    </section>

                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №2</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén hěn lǎoshi</foreignphrase>:
                        “he's very honest”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Rén</foreignphrase>, “person”, can he used to refer to a person's
                        character. It can he used with a noun or pronoun before it, for example
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hěn
                            lǎoshi</foreignphrase>, literally “As for him, his person is very
                        honest”. The wording <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                            rén</foreignphrase> ... is often used to talk about the way someone
                        truly is:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hěn
                                                ài bāngzhu bié rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He (is the sort of person who) likes to help
                                            others.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liú
                                                Xiānsheng rén hěn tèbié, shénme shìqing dōu yào wèn
                                                yige wèishenme.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Mr. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Liú</foreignphrase> is a different sort of person,
                                            he has to ask “why” about everything.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā rén hén
                                                kèqi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He's a very polite sort of person.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Sometimes <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén</foreignphrase>
                        refers to a person's mental state of being:<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hēde tài
                                                duō, rén hái yǒu diǎnr bu
                                            qīSngchu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I had too much to drink and I'm still a little
                                            foggy.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rén</foreignphrase> also
                        sometimes refers to a person's physical self. This meaning is mostly used in
                        situations where a contrast is implied, something like “And as for the
                        person himself, ...”. For example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yìzhí
                                                zhǐshi hé tā tōng diànhuà, jīntiān zǎoshang, cái
                                                dìyīcì jiàn miàn, tā rén fēicháng
                                                piàoliàng.</foreignphrase>
                                        </entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>
                                            <para>All along I had only talked to her over the phone,
                                                but this morning I met her for the first time. She's
                                                very beautiful.</para>
                                        </entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                jiéhūn bu dào yíge yuè, xiānsheng jiù dào Jiāzhōu
                                                niàn shū qu le, rén zài Měiguo, xīn zài Tǎiwān, shū
                                                zěnme niàndehǎo ne?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>They hadn't even been married for one month when her
                                            husband went to California to go to school. He was in
                                            America, but his heart was in Taiwan, how could he
                                            possibly study well?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>

                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №3</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        associate with, to have dealings with”, often said of boyfriend-girlfriend
                            relationships.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hé tā
                                                méiyou shénme tèbiéde
                                            jiāowǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There's no special relationship between him and me.
                                            (Said by a daughter in explanation to her
                                            mother.)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>In the PRC <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jiāowǎng</foreignphrase> is not used this way; use <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènshi</foreignphrase>, “to know (a person)”
                        or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāo péngyou</foreignphrase>,
                        “to make friends” instead. In the PRC, you will hear <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase> used in phrases such
                        as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐangguo rénmínde
                            jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>, “the contact (association) between the peoples
                        of these two countries”.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №4</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánfāng</foreignphrase>: “the
                        bridegroom's side”, a phrase which often refers to the bridegroom himself,
                        and sometimes refers to the bridegroom's family, relatives, and friends
                        collectively. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Nánfāng</foreignphrase>, “the bridegroom's side”, happens to be a
                        homonym of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                        >nánfāng</foreignphrase>, “the South”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguo
                                                rén jiéhūnde shíhou, nánfāng dà qǐng
                                                kè.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When Chinese get married, the groom's family hosts a
                                            big feast.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiéhūn
                                                yǐqiǎn nánfāng nǚfāng bǐcǐ sòng
                                            lǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Before a marriage, the groom's side and the bride's
                                            side give each other gifts.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>[<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚfāng</foreignphrase> means
                        “the bride's side,” referring either to ”the bride” herself, or to “the
                        bride's family, relatives, and friends collectively”.]</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shóu</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        familiar with ...” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >shú</foreignphrase>. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Shóu</foreignphrase> is used with <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase> for people and with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duì</foreignphrase> for
                            places.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hé tā
                                                hen shóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I know him very well.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā duì
                                                Tǎiběi hěn shóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She knows Taipei very well.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shóu</foreignphrase> also means
                        “to be cooked sufficiently” and “to be ripe”.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎo</foreignphrase>: You've
                        learned this as the verb “to be early”, now you see it used to mean “long
                            ago”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo
                                                zhǐdào nǐ bù huílai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I knew long ago that you wouldn't come back.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo
                                                tīngshuō le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I heard about it long ago.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zǎo</foreignphrase> is usually
                        followed by <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> to
                        stress the idea of “as early as that”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo jiù
                                                gàosu tā nèijiàn shì le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I told him that long ago. (Said to correct an
                                            impression that he didn't actually know it so early.
                                            )</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zǎo jiù
                                                xiǎng lái kàn ni, yìzhí méi
                                            shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've been meaning to come see you for a long time,
                                            but I never had the time.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíqǐn</foreignphrase>: “to bring
                        up a proposal of marriage” Traditionally, the man's parents would visit the
                        parents of the woman they wished their son to marry in order to bring up the
                        subject of marriage. The situation in Taiwan is changing rapidly today, but
                        some marriages are still proposed in this way. More frequently, however, the
                        children simply inform their parents of their own arrangement.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāying</foreignphrase>: “to
                        agree (to something), to consent, to promise”<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā dǎying
                                                gěi wo nèijiàn dōngxi, zěnme tā xiànzài yòu bù gěi
                                                le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He agreed to give me that thing. How is that now he
                                            won't give it to me?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ dāying
                                                ta le, dāngrán yīnggāi péi ta
                                            qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You promised him, of course you should go with
                                            him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ dāying
                                                zuòde shì, yídìng yào
                                            zuòdào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You must do what you promise to do.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                dāyinglede shì, wèishénme bú
                                            zuò?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Why don't you do this thing that you have
                                            promised?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                dāyingguode shì, jiù yīnggāi
                                            zuòdào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You ought to do things that you promise.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
                                                dāying gěi ni yíge hùzhào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I didn't promise to give you a passport.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dāyjng</foreignphrase> can also
                        mean “to answer”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā jiào ni,
                                                nǐ zěnme méi dāying?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He called you, how come you didn't answer?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №5</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tánlai tánqù</foreignphrase>:
                        “to talk over”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tánlai
                                                tánqù, yě bù néng jiějué zhèige
                                                wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>We discussed it for a long time, but still couldn't
                                            solve the problem.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tánlai
                                                tánqù, tánde hěn yǒu yìsi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It got very interesting, conversing back and
                                            forth.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juédìng</foreignphrase>: “to
                            decide”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ juédìng
                                                yào qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've decided that I'm going.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng
                                                juédìng jiù zhènme bàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've already decided that it'll be this way.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hái méi
                                                juédìng gāi zěnme bàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I haven't yet decided what should be done.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Notice that when you want to say “I can't decide whether (to do
                        something)” or “I haven't decided whether (to do something)”, the object of
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juédìng</foreignphrase> is a
                        choice-type question.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hái méi
                                                juédìng qù bu qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I haven't yet decided whether to go or not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù néng
                                                juédìng wǒ qù bu qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I can't decide whether to go or not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hěn nán
                                                juédìng ràng bu ràng ta qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm having a hard time deciding whether to let him to
                                            or not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ shì bu
                                                shi gāi huíqu hěn nán
                                            juédìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's hard to decide whether or not I should go
                                            back.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase>:
                        “afterwards, later”. You have already learned another word which can be
                        translated as “afterwards” or “later”: <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǐhòu</foreignphrase>. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐhòu</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase> are both nouns which
                        express time. Here is a brief comparison of them.<orderedlist>
                            <listitem>
                                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >Yǐhòu</foreignphrase> can either follow another element, in
                                    which case it is translated as “after ...”) or it can be used by
                                        itself.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Tā láile yǐhòu, wǒmen jiù zǒu
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>After he came, we left.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Yǐhòu, tā méiyou zài
                                                  láiguo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>Afterwards, he never came back
                                                  again.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >Hòulái</foreignphrase> can only be used by
                                        itself.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Hòulái, tā shuì jiào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>Afterwards, he went to sleep.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                            </listitem>
                            <listitem>
                                <para>Both <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >yǐhòu</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase> may be
                                    used to refer to the past. (For example, in the reference list
                                    sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >yǐhòu</foreignphrase> may be substituted for <foreignphrase
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase>. But if
                                    you want to say “afterwards” or “later” referring to the future,
                                    you can only use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >yǐhòu</foreignphrase>. When it refers to the future time,
                                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >yǐhòu</foreignphrase> can be translated in various ways,
                                    depending on the context:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                        colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Yǐhòude shìqing, děng yǐhòu zài
                                                  shuō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>Let's wait until the future to see about
                                                  future matters.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Yǐhòu nǐ yǒu kòng, qǐng cháng lái
                                                  wán.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>In the future when you have the time,
                                                  please come over more often.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wo yǐhòu zài gàosu ni.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>I'll tell you later on.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Tāde háizi shuōle, yǐhòu tā yào gēn yíge Rìběn
                                                  rén jiéhūn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>His child said that someday, he wants to
                                                  marry a Japanese.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                                <para>Usage Note: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >Yǐhòu</foreignphrase> has the meaning of “after that”. It
                                    can imply that some past event functions as a dividing point in
                                    time, as a sort of time boundary, and <foreignphrase
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǐhòu</foreignphrase> refers to
                                    the period from the end of that time boundary up to another
                                    point of reference (usually the time of speaking). In this usage
                                    it is often translated as “since”.<informaltable frame="none"
                                        rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Tā zhǐ xiěle yìběn shū, yǐhòu zài méi
                                                  xiěguo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>He only wrote one book, and hasn't written
                                                  any since.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >Ránhòu</foreignphrase> stresses the succession of one event
                                    upon the completion of a prior event.<informaltable frame="none"
                                        rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wǒ shàngwū zhǐ yǒu liǎngjié kè, ránhòu jiù méi
                                                  shì le, wǒmen kéyi chuqū
                                                  wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>I have only two classes in the morning, and
                                                  after that I don't have anything else to do, so we
                                                  can go out play.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >háishi</foreignphrase>: “in the end, after all” You have
                                    seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                        >háishi</foreignphrase> meaning “still” that is, that
                                    something remains the same way as it was. Here <foreignphrase
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">háishi</foreignphrase> is used to
                                    mean that the speaker feels that, all things considered,
                                    something is the case after all.<informaltable frame="none"
                                        rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                            <tbody>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Háishi tā duì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry/>
                                                </row>
                                                <row>
                                                  <entry>He is right, after all.</entry>
                                                </row>
                                            </tbody>
                                        </tgroup>
                                    </informaltable></para>
                            </listitem>
                        </orderedlist></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №6</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūxíng</foreignphrase>: “to hold
                        (a meeting, banquet, celebration, ceremony, etc.)” For this example you need
                        to know that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >diǎnlǐ</foreignphrase> means “ceremony”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān
                                                jǔxíng bìyè diǎnlǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Tomorrow the graduation ceremony will be
                                            held.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №8</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái</foreignphrase>: “even, (to
                        go) so far as to” You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >hái</foreignphrase> meaning “still” -as in <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái zài zhèr!</foreignphrase>, “You're
                        still here!”. You've also seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >hái</foreignphrase> meaning “also, additionally”, as in <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hái yào mǎi yìpǐng
                        qìshuǐ.</foreignphrase>, “I also want to buy a bottle of soda.” Here you see
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái</foreignphrase> meaning
                        additionally in the sense of additional effort. The sentence <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen hái sòng huār lái</foreignphrase>,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái</foreignphrase> expresses
                        the speaker's feeling that sending flowers went beyond what was expected or
                        necessary.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēn shi tài xièxie
                            le</foreignphrase>: “I really thank you so much.” You have seen
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tài</foreignphrase> used to
                        mean “very, extremely”, as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tài
                            hǎo le!</foreignphrase>, “Wonderful!”. Notice that here it is used with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xièxie</foreignphrase>.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para>A woman goes to visit her old friend and to present her with a gift for
                        her daughter and future son-in-law.</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>

                <section>
                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guǒbǐn Dàfàndiàn bù zhǐ shi
                            dìfang piàoliang, nàlide cài yě tèbié hǎo.</foreignphrase> Traditional
                        wedding foods included <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >huāshēng</foreignphrase>, peanuts; <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liánzǐ</foreignphrase>, lotus seeds; and
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎozi</foreignphrase>, dates,
                        all of which symbolize fertility in that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng(zǐ)</foreignphrase> means “give birth
                        to” (a son); <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >liǎnzǐ</foreignphrase> sounds like part of the phrase <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎnshēng guìzǐ</foreignphrase>, “have sons
                        consecutively”; and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zǎozi</foreignphrase> sounds like part of <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎoshēng guìzǐ</foreignphrase>, “have an
                        early son.” The wedding marked the beginning of that generation's carrying
                        on of the family line. Today few adhere to these symbols and food is served
                        according to family preference.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú shi mǎide, shi Xiùyún zìjǐ
                            zuòde</foreignphrase>: Wedding gowns in Taiwan these days are frequently
                        hand-made or tailor-made, as tailoring is affordable and the quality of work
                        surpasses that of ready-made items. Brides may wear two gowns: a white one
                        for the ceremony (which may be in a church nowadays) and a traditional
                        Chinese red one at the celebration.</para>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №9</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn
                            Jīdūjiào</foreignphrase>: “to believe in (Protestant) Christianity”.
                            This is one way of saying “to be a (Protestant) Christian”.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №10</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn Fó</foreignphrase>: “to
                            believe in Buddha”. This is one way of saying “to be a Buddhist”.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №11</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài fǎyuàn</foreignphrase>:
                            “in court” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài</foreignphrase>
                            is the verb “to be in, at, or on”, in other words “to be located
                            (someplace)”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Zài</foreignphrase> must be followed by a place word or a place
                            phrase. Just what is considered to be a place word or phrase may be
                            difficult for the non-native speaker to figure out. Words which are not
                            considered to be place words or phases must have a locational ending
                            such as -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">li</foreignphrase> or
                            -shang added to them. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài
                                chēshang mǎi piào.</foreignphrase>, “You buy the ticket on the
                            bus.”)</para>
                        <para>The names of institutions in Chinese are considered to be place words.
                            The phrase “in court” does not need a locational ending, <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài fǎyuàn</foreignphrase>. Here are some
                            other words which can function as place words by themselves. Many of
                            these end with syllables such as -<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shi</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǐ</foreignphrase>) “house, apartment”,
                                -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jú</foreignphrase>
                            “office, shop”, -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >diàn</foreignphrase> “inn, shop”, -<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎng</foreignphrase> “field, open
                            ground”, -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tīng</foreignphrase>
                            “hall, room”, -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >suǒ</foreignphrase> “place, room”, -<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiān</foreignphrase> “house, rooms”,
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guǎn</foreignphrase>
                            “public office, hall”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                  xiàwu zài bàngōngshì jiàn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>See you at the office this afternoon!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                  běnshì yǒu wǔge
                                                yóuzhèngjú!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There are five post offices in this city!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài
                                                  cáiféngdiàn zuòde ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>You must have had that made at a tailor's.
                                            </entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài
                                                  cāntīng kàndao ta le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Did you see him in the dining room?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Other words which behave in a similar way are:<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="6" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c4" colnum="4" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c5" colnum="5" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <colspec colname="c6" colnum="6" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >càishichǎng</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>market</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fùjìn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>area</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >cèsuǒ</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>toilet</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fúwùtái</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>service desk</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >dàfàndiàn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>hotel</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Gōngānjú</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>Bureau of Public Security</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >shāngdiàn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>store</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >gōngsī</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>company</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >dàlou</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>building</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >gōngyù</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>apartment</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >dàshiguǎn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>embassy</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >gōngyuǎn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>park</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >dìqū</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>region</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >huìkèshì</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>reception room</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fàndiàn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>restaurant</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >huǒchēzhàn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>railroad station</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fàngjiān</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>room</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >jǐngchájú</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>police station</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fànguǎnzi</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>restaurant</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >kāfēitīng</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>coffeehouse</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fàntīng</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>dining room</entry>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >lǎojiā</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>hometown</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >fēijichǎng</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry>airport</entry>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry namest="c1" nameend="c6">and many more...
                                                including proper names of Restaurants, buildings,
                                                associations, organizations, etc.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzhèng</foreignphrase>:
                            “notarization, government witness”. A <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzhèng rén</foreignphrase> is a notary
                            public.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №12</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rù xí</foreignphrase>: “to
                            take one's seat at a banquet”, literally “to enter the mat(ted
                                area)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  kuài diǎnr zhǔnbèi, tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng jiù yào rù
                                                  xí le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Let's get ready a little faster, the banquet
                                                starts at 6:00.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №13</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùzá</foreignphrase>: “to be
                            complicated, to be complex”. Questions, problems, or situations can be
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùzá</foreignphrase> if
                            there are many pieces or factors figuring into the problem. It is also
                            possible to use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >fùzá</foreignphrase> to imply that the situation is messy,
                                problem-ridden.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  jiāde qíngkuàng tài fùzá, wǒ
                                                  gǎobuqīngchu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Their family situation is too complicated, I
                                                can't make heads or tails of it. (This sentence has
                                                an ambiguity in both languages.)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                  wèntí tài fùzá, hěn nán
                                                  shuōqīngchu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This question is so complicated, it's very hard
                                                to explain it clearly.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                  jùzi tài fùzá, zuì hǎo bú zhèiyangr
                                                  xiě.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This sentence is too complicated, it would be
                                                best not to write it this way.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùzá</foreignphrase> can
                            also be used in a complimentary way. (For this example you need to know
                            that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sìxiǎng</foreignphrase>
                            means “thinking, thought”.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
                                                  sìxiǎng hěn fùzá.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His thinking is very complex.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>This sentence might be said of an Einstein. The opposite of
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùzá</foreignphrase> in
                            this case would, be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jiǎndān</foreignphrase> “to be simple”, as in
                            “simple-minded”.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùzá</foreignphrase> is also
                            pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >fǔzā</foreignphrase>.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №14</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìjiàn</foreignphrase>:
                            “idea, view, opinion, suggestion”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāngcái
                                                  tā tánle duì zhèiběn shūde yìjian, wǒ juéde duì
                                                  wǒmen hěn yǒu bāngzhu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He just told us his opinions on this book, and I
                                                feel that they're really helpful to us.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hěn
                                                  xiǎng zhīdào, zài zhèige wèntíshang, Zhōngguo
                                                  zhèngfǔde yìjian shi
                                                shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'd very much like to know what the Chinese
                                                government's view is on this question.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  xiāng xiān qù Shànghǎi, zài dào Wǔhàn, nǐde yìjian
                                                  zěnmeyang?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'd like to go to <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase> first and then to
                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wǔhàn</foreignphrase>, what's your
                                                opinion?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
                                                  yìjian shi xiān qù Wǔhàn, zài dào Shànghǎi qu.
                                                  Yīnwei zài guò yíge yuè, Wǔhàn fēicháng
                                                  rèle.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>My opinion is to first go to <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǔhàn</foreignphrase>,
                                                then to <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase>, because after a month,
                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wǔhàn</foreignphrase> will be extremely
                                                hot.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №15</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhènghūn</foreignphrase>:
                            “to witness a marriage”. Witnesses formerly were persons of good
                            reputation and venerable old age. Today, familiarity is most important.
                            The witness makes a brief speech during the ceremony and stamps the
                            marriage certificate with his name seal. He receives no remuneration for
                            this service, but is honored to have been asked.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №16</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dù mìyuè</foreignphrase>:
                            “to spend one's honeymoon”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Dù</foreignphrase> is the verb “to spend, to pass” (something which
                            is an amount of time, like a holiday). <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mìyuè</foreignphrase> is literally
                            “honey-moon”.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huímén</foreignphrase>: “the
                            bride's first visit to her own family on the third day after the
                            wedding”, literally “return to the door”. When the newlyweds return home
                            for this first visit, the family of the bride is given a chance to
                            entertain the couple. More friends and relatives are invited and
                            introduced to them. (It is the groom's family which arranges the
                            marriage ceremony.)</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №17</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐjiǔ</foreignphrase>:
                            “wedding banquet”. Notice that in the Reference List sentence the phrase
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái chī
                                xǐjiǔ</foreignphrase> is translated as “to come to the wedding
                            banquet”. A more literal translation might be “come to eat a wedding
                            feast!”. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >chī</foreignphrase> could also be rendered into English by “attend”
                            or “take part”, as in “Be sure to come take part in the wedding banquet
                            the day after tomorrow”.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №18</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūnlǐshàng</foreignphrase>:
                            “at the wedding”. Notice that in English you say “at the wedding” while
                            in Chinese you say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >hūnlǐshàng</foreignphrase>, literally “on the wedding”.
                                -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shàng</foreignphrase>
                            would also be the locative ending to use for “at the meeting”
                                (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >huìshàng</foreignphrase>).</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jièshaorén</foreignphrase>:
                            “introducer”. This is one person in the cast of people who play a part
                            in getting two people together in marriage. Originally, the “introducer”
                            functioned in much the same way as match-makers - finding a good mate
                            for a friend or relative. Today, most young people find their own mates.
                            The “introducer”, however, still have a ceremonial function. They
                            accompany the bride and groom during the ceremony (one for the bride and
                            one for the groom).</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò méi</foreignphrase>: “to
                            act as the go-between for two families whose children are to be
                            married”. This person arranged the details of the match. He acted as a
                            go-between for the families of the bride and groom, settling points
                            which were usually of a financial nature. Often the <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò méide</foreignphrase> was also the
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jièshaorén</foreignphrase>. Traditionally, the go-between was an older
                            woman who made a profession of it. She was paid for her services in
                            money if the family was wealthy or in the best pork legs if they were
                            poor. Today any adult can act as the go-between, although the practice
                            is becoming less and less common. During the wedding ceremony, the
                            go-between places his stamp on the wedding certificate.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wo gěi
                                                  ni zuò méi, hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'll act as go-between for you, all
                                                right?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhāng
                                                  Tàitai qǐng wo tǐ tāde nǚér zuò
                                                  méi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Mrs. Chang asked me to act as go- between for her
                                                daughter.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №19</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzhǎng</foreignphrase>:
                            “head of an office or bureau”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Júzhǎng</foreignphrase> is only used when the Chinese name of the
                            office or bureau ends with the syllable -<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jú</foreignphrase>, as in <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuzhèngjú</foreignphrase>, “post
                            office”. You've also seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >bùzhǎng</foreignphrase>, “minister of a bureau” and <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kēzhǎng</foreignphrase>, “section
                            chief”.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōnián</foreignphrase>:
                            “many years”.</para>
                        <para>Here are some examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  duōnián bú jiàn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We haven't seen each other for many
                                                years.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  zài yìqǐ gōngzuòle duōnián
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We've been working together for many
                                                years.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhù
                                                  zài zhèr duōnián le, kěshi méi tīngshuōguo zhèige
                                                  rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've been living here for many years, but I've
                                                never heard of this person.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №20</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tándao</foreignphrase>: “to
                            talk about, to speak of”. This is used to refer to something that was
                            just brought up in conversation. You have seen <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> used as a main verb
                            meaning “to go to, to arrive at”, and as a prepositional verb meaning
                            “to towards”. Now you see that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >dào</foreignphrase> is also used as a verb ending. Literally, it
                            means “to, up to”, but its translation into English sometimes changes,
                            depending on the meaning of the verb it is used with. When used with
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tán</foreignphrase>, “to
                            talk, to chat”, -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >dào</foreignphrase> can be translated as “about” or “of”. Here are
                            some other examples of -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >dào</foreignphrase> used with verbs you've already
                                studied:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  gāngcái hái shuōdao nǐ, nǐ jiù lái
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We were even talking of you Just now, and here
                                                you are!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                  nǐ gēn ta jiǎngdao wo
                                                méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Did you talk about me with him today?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  chángchang xiǎngdao wǒde
                                                háizi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I often think of my child.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Notice that in the Reference List sentence, <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tándao</foreignphrase> is used at the
                            beginning of the sentence to introduce a topic, like we use “speaking of
                            ...” in English. Here are some other examples:<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tándao
                                                  jiéhūnde shì, wǒ hái děi
                                                  xiǎngyixiang.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>When it comes to talking about marriage, I have
                                                to think it over.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tándao
                                                  zěnme xiě Zhōngguo zì, tā bǐ wǒ zhīdaode
                                                  duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>When we talk about writing Chinese characters, he
                                                knows a lot more than I do.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase>: “really,
                            after all”. You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >yě</foreignphrase> meaning “too, also. Another common meaning of
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase> is
                            “(even though) ... nevertheless, still”. For example:<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  suīrán shi Zhōngguorén wǒ yě huì shuō yìdiǎn
                                                  Yǐngwén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Although I am Chinese, I can still speak a little
                                                English.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A:
                                                  Zhèige diànyǐng zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How was the movie?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B: Bú
                                                  shi hěn hǎo, dànshi yě hái
                                                kéyi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>It wasn't great, but it was pretty good
                                                nevertheless.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  suīrán méi dàoguo Tiān Men, yě zài diànshìshang Ān
                                                  kànjianguo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Although I've never been to Tian An Men, I've
                                                seen it on television.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>In addition, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >yě</foreignphrase> often is used to contrast the thought expressed
                            in the sentence with another thought. This meaning can be paraphrased
                            something like this: “in spite of anything which might be believed to
                            the contrary, indeed what I am saying is true.” Sometimes, however,
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase> is used
                            when there is not much to contrast it with, and means little more than
                            “we really ought to agree that what I am saying is true.”</para>
                        <para>There are many different possible ways to translate this
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase> into
                            English. The following examples are meant to show some of its range of
                            meaning and some of its possible translations.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
                                                  shíyīdiǎn bàn le, wǒ yě yào shàng kè le, wǒmende
                                                  wèntí míngtiān zài tán ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>It's eleven-thirty. I really have to be going to
                                                class. Let's talk about our question tomorrow,
                                                okay?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhōngguo rénkǒu tài duō, zhèngfǔ tíchàng wǎnliàn
                                                  wǎnhūn yě shi yīnggāide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The population of China is too large, it really
                                                is right for the government to promote late marriage
                                                and late involvement.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen
                                                  wèishénme yào líhūn, wǒ yě bù
                                                  zhīdào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Why they wanted to get a divorce, I really don't
                                                know.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A: Nǐ
                                                  zěnme hái méi bǎ zhèxiē yīfu
                                                  xǐwán?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How come you still haven't finished washing these
                                                clothes?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B: Wǒ
                                                  yě bú shi nǐde yòngren, báitiān wǒ yě shàng bān,
                                                  wǒ méiyou zhènme duō
                                                shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm not your servant, after all; I work during
                                                the day too, and I don't have all that much
                                                time.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                  xiànzài yě gāi míngbai le
                                                ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Now you (really) ought to understand, don't
                                                you?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  liǎngge rènshi yě yǒu jǐnián le, nǐ yīnggāi
                                                  liǎojiě wo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We have known each other for several years, after
                                                all; you ought to understand me.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                        <para/>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...liǎngge háizi yào dào
                                fǎyuàn gōngzhèng jiéhūn</foreignphrase>: Traditional wedding
                            ceremonies were held at home or in ancestral halls (not in temples or
                            pagodas). Modern ones are likely to be held in hotels or restaurants, as
                            there is more room and food is then easier to prepare.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāmen jìhua yào dào Ālǐ Shān
                                qù</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ālǐ
                                Shān</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Rìyuè Tán</foreignphrase> (Sun-Moon Lake) are the two most popular
                            honeymoon spots on Taiwan. An average honeymoon stay might last one
                            week.</para>
                    </section>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Vocabulary</title><para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">唉</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(sound of sighing)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大喜</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		great rejoicing
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxǐde rìzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大喜的日子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding day
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāying</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">答应</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to agree (to something), to consent, to promise
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">度</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dù mìyuè </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">度蜜月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go on a honeymoon, to spend one's honeymoon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōnián</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多年</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		many years
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǎyuàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">法院</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		court of law
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fó</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佛</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Buddha
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùzá (fǔzá)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">复杂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be complicated
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzhèng jiēhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公证结婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		civil marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">还</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		even, (to go) so far as to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">háishi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">还是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		after all
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">后来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		later, afterwards
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húi mén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">回门</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the return of the bride to her parents' home (usually on the third day after the wedding)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūnlǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">婚礼</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàotáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">教堂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		church
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">交往</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to associate with, to have dealings with
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdūjiào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">基督教</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Christianity
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiēhūn lǐfú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结婚礼服</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding gown (dress)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jièshaorén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">介绍人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		introducer
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juédìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">决定</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to decide
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǔxíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">举行</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzhǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">局长</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		head of an office or bureau (of which the last syllable is jú)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...-lái...-qù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">。。。-来。。。-去</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(indicates repeating the action over and over again)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎoshi (lǎoshí)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老实</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be honest
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满意</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be pleased
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mìyuè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蜜月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		honeymoon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánfāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男方</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the groom's side, the groom's family 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nēnggàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">能干</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be capable
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 person, self, body
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rù xí</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">入席</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to take one’s seat (at a gathering, meeting, or banquet)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngjìn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上进</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be ambitious
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熟</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be familiar (with), to know well
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tándao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">谈到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to talk about; speaking of ...
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tánlai tánqù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to talk back and forth
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíqīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">提亲</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to bring up a proposal of marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎojiě (xiáojie)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小姐</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 daughter (referring to someone else’s daughter)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xījiù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喜酒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding banquet; wedding wine
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to believe (in)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn Fó</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">信佛</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be a Buddhist
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnláng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新郎</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bridegroom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnniáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新娘</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bride
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">也</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indeed, in fact, admittedly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìjian </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">意见</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		opinion
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">záo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">早</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		long ago
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhènghūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">征婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to witness a marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhènghūnrén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">征婚人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		chief witness at a wedding ceremony
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zū</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">租</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to rent
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò méi </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做媒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to act as go-between (for the families of a man and woman considering marriage)
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
            <para>
                <informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
                    <tgroup cols="3">
                        <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
                        <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
                        <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
                        <tbody>
                            
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">càishichǎng </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菜市场</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    market
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厕所</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    toilet
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàfàndiàn</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大饭店</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    hotel
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāngdiàn </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">商店</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    store
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàlou </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大楼</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    building
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàshiguǎn </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大使馆</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    embassy
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìqū</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地区</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    region
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàndiàn</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭店</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    restaurant
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàngjiān</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    room
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fànguǎnzi</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭馆子</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    restaurant
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    dining room
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēijichǎng</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">飞机场</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    airport
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">附近</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    area
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúwùtái </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">服务台</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    service desk
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gōngānjú </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公安局</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    Bureau of Public Security
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngsī </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公司</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    company
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    apartment
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyuǎn</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公园</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    park
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huìkèshì </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">会客室</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    reception room
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒchēzhàn </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火车站</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    railroad station
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchájú </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察局</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    police station
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēitīng </foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡厅</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    coffeehouse
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            <row>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎojiā</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老家</foreignphrase>
                                </entry>
                                <entry>
                                    hometown
                                </entry>
                            </row>
                            
                        </tbody>
                    </tgroup>
                </informaltable></para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 3</title>
        <para/>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes in Part 1</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №1</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kòngzhi</foreignphrase>: “to
                        control; control”. This can also he translated as “to dominate; to
                            command”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                fǎngjiānde wēndù kòngzhude hù hǎo, yìhuǐr lěng,
                                                yìhuǐr rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The temperature in this room isn't well regulated.
                                            It's cold one minute and hot the next.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shíjiān méi
                                                bànfa kòngzhi, shéi yě
                                            bànbudao.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There is no way to control time; no one can do
                                            it.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde bìng
                                                yǐjīng kòngzhizhù le, yěxǔ jǐtiān yǐhòu, tā huì
                                                hǎoqilai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His illness is under control now; maybe in another
                                            few days he will start to get better.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu yìxiē
                                                rén kòngzhile zhèijià fēijī, hú ràng ta
                                                qǐfēi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Some people have taken control of this airplane and
                                            won't let it take off.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chénggōng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        succeed; to be successful“.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèihěn shū
                                                chénggōng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This hook was a success.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèihěn shū
                                                xiěde hěn chénggōng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His hook was written very successfully, (i.e., His
                                            hook came off very well.)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige tāng
                                                chénggōng le, dàjiā dōu ài
                                            chī.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This soup is a success, everyone loves it.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhǐ yào nǐ
                                                nǔlì, nǐde shìqing yídìng néng
                                                chénggōng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>So long as you work hard at it, your effort is sure
                                            to succeed.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №2</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuòdào</foreignphrase>: “to
                        achieve, to make (a goal)”. In Unit 2, Part II, you saw <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tándao</foreignphrase> “to talk about, to
                        speak of”, with the ending -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dào</foreignphrase> meaning literally “to, up to”. Here you see
                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> used as
                        an ending after the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zuò</foreignphrase> “to make”. You may think of -<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuòdào</foreignphrase> as conveying the
                        meaning of reaching a goal.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiān
                                                shi, wǒ yǐjīng zuòdào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I have already succeeded in doing this.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōguo,
                                                zuótiān nǐ yào qù, nǐ zuòdào le
                                            ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You said that you wanted to go yesterday. Did you do
                                            so?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sān tōngguò</foreignphrase>:
                        “the three approvals”. The “three approvals” have ”been in effect since
                        1973/74. At that time, the minimum marriage age was pushed upward, but most
                        recently it has been relaxed to ages twenty-five for males and twenty-three
                        for females. Most couples must still wait a number of years before they can
                        have a child. The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sāntōngguò
                            guīdìng</foreignphrase> for city residents effectively means that,
                        without these three approvals for a child, a pregnancy must end in abortion
                        or else the child will have to live without food rations. (A government
                        slogan is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yíge zuì hǎo, liǎngge
                            gòule</foreignphrase>, “One is best, two is enough.”) Applications to
                        have children are reviewed and permission granted or denied by one's work
                        unit, based on the total allowable city quota. A third child is strongly
                        discouraged and life would be very difficult for it should it be born.
                        Special gifts, privileges, and awards are given to one-child families. In
                        the countryside, one can find four to six children in a household, but they
                        of course could not easily move to the city.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №3</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě jiùshi shuō</foreignphrase>:
                        “to mean; in other words, that is to say”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jìhuà
                                                shēngyù yě jiùshi shuō yào yǒu jìhuade shēng
                                                xiǎoháir.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Planned parenthood means having children in a planned
                                            way.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">“Hébì” yě
                                                jiùshi shuō “wèishénme
                                            xūyào”.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>“<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Hébì</foreignphrase>” means “why must”.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bù néng
                                                zài shēng xiǎoháizi, yě jiùshi shuō wǒmen juéde tā
                                                zhìbuhǎo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She can't have children any more; that is to say, we
                                            feel that she cannot be cured.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bù gěi
                                                ni dǎ diànhuà hǎoxiàng yě jiùshi shuō tā bù xīhuan
                                                ni.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The fact that he doesn't telephone you would seem to
                                            imply that he doesn't like you.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàifu shuō
                                                tā bù néng chī ròu, yě jiùshi shuō chi ròu duì tāde
                                                shēntǐ bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The doctor said that he couldn't eat meat, in other
                                            words, eating meat isn't good for his health.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>When what follows is a more pointed explanation of what has just been
                        said, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùshi shuō</foreignphrase>
                        can be used in place of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě jiùshi
                            shuō</foreignphrase>, e.g. <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bù kéyi
                                                shēng háizi, jiùshi shuō tā hái méiyou zuòdao sān
                                                tōngguò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She cannot have a child; that is to say, she has not
                                            yet gotten the three approvals.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóngyì</foreignphrase>:
                        “consent, agreement; to agree, to agree with (what someone says or
                            thinks)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A:</entry>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóngyì bu
                                                tongyì?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>Do you agree?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>B:</entry>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù
                                                tóngyì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>I don't agree.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù
                                                tóngyì nǐde huà.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>I don't agree with what you say.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Although in English we can say “I agree with you”, in Chinese it is wrong
                        to say either <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gēn nǐ
                            tóngyì</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                            tóngyì ni</foreignphrase>. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Tóngyì</foreignphrase> can be used in two ways: without an object, or
                        with an object like t<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ā
                            shuōde</foreignphrase> “what he said”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāde huà</foreignphrase> “what he said”,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāde jìhua</foreignphrase>
                        “his plan”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāde yìjian
                        </foreignphrase>“his opinion”. If you want to say “I don't agree with you”,
                        you can say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù tóngyì, Nǐ
                            shuōde, wǒ bù tóngyì, Wǒ bù tóngyì nǐde huà, Wǒ bù tóngyì nǐde
                            yìjian,</foreignphrase> etc.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №4</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dānwèi</foreignphrase>: W(work)
                        unit”. This word is used in the PRC as a cover term for any organization or
                        department of an organization. It may, for instance refer to a factory, a
                        school, a government organization, a store, or an army unit.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài něige dānwèi
                            gōngzuò?</foreignphrase> is a common way of asking where someone works;
                        compared with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài nǎr
                            gōngzuò?</foreignphrase>, the question <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài něige dānwèi gōngzuò?</foreignphrase>
                        sounds more official.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                dānwèi yǒu hěn duō nǚ
                                            lāoshī.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There are a lot of women teachers in our unit. (Here,
                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >dānwèi</foreignphrase> refers to a school.
                                            )</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>To specify that you are talking about a place of work, you can say
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzuò
                        dānwèi</foreignphrase>, as in the Reference List sentence.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūmín
                        wěiyuánhuì</foreignphrase>: “neighborhood committee”. The official duties of
                        a neighborhood committee are diverse, ranging from sanitation maintenance to
                        political study. Its actual role and duty remain ambiguous, as well as its
                        relationship with the government. Although the government pays a committee's
                        elected delegates, there is no official connection between the two. The
                        power of the committee in local affairs remains large.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàichūsuǒ</foreignphrase>:
                        “local police station”. The local police station is the lowest level of the
                        Bureau of Public Security. In addition to taking care of matters of a
                        criminal nature, the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >pàichūsuǒ</foreignphrase> is familiar with the history and political
                        situation of every one of its residents. Along with the <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzuò dānwèi</foreignphrase> and the
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūmín
                            wěiyuánhuì</foreignphrase>, it affects the daily life of each
                        citizen.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №5</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēnju</foreignphrase>:
                        “according to, on the basis of; basis”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gēnju
                                                shénme shuō zhèige huà?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>On what basis do you say this?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde
                                                huà yǒu méiyou gēnju?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Is there a basis for what you're saying?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pīzhǔn</foreignphrase>: “to give
                        official permission (to someone to do something)”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dānwèi
                                                pīzhǔn ta jiēhūn le. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Her unit gave her permission to marry.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuéxiào
                                                pīzhǔn ta qù Shànghǎi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His school gave him permission to go to
                                            Shanghai.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ mǎi
                                                zhèige diànshì shi dédao
                                            pīzhǔnde.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I got permission to buy this television.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚmen</foreignphrase>:
                        “women”. -Men is a plural ending for nouns and pronouns. You have seen it in
                        the pronouns women, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zánmen</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >nǐmen</foreignphrase>, and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >tāmen</foreignphrase>. After a noun, however, -men is never obligatory.
                        It is usually used with nouns which designate humans (although in literature
                        you may sometimes see it used with nouns referring to animals as
                            well).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚshimen,
                                                xiānshengmen.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Ladies and gentlemen.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Note that the group referred to by a noun phrase with -men must be of
                        unspecified number; it is wrong to say <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàngge fùnǚmen</foreignphrase> or
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānge
                            jiàoshòumen</foreignphrase>, etc.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №6</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gègè</foreignphrase>: “each and
                        every, all of the various”. The first <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gè</foreignphrase> (a specifier like
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhèi</foreignphrase>-)
                        literally means “each...” or “the various, the different...”. The second
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ge</foreignphrase> is the
                        counter <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ge</foreignphrase>, as in
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíge rén</foreignphrase> “one
                            person”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǔyuèli,
                                                gègè xuéxiào dōu kāi xué le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>In September all the schools open.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguode
                                                gègè zhōu dōu yǒu zíjǐde
                                            zhèngfǔ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Each of the American states has its
                                            government.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zēngjiā</foreignphrase>: “to
                        increase; to increase by (such-and-such an amount)”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián
                                                wǒmen xuéxiàode xuéshēng zēngjiā
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The students in our school increased this
                                            year.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                yīyuànde bìngrén bù néng zài zēngjiā
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The patients in this hospital cannot increase any
                                            further.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijǐtiān
                                                nǐ máng bu máng, zài gěi ni zēngjiā yìdiǎnr gōngzuò,
                                                hǎo bu hāo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Have you been busy the past few days? Would it be
                                            okay if I give you some more work to do?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                dānwèi yòu zēngjiāle liǎngge
                                                bàngōngshì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>They added two more offices on to our unit.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>:
                        “specific, certain, definite, set”. In addition to the meaning of
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase> which
                        you already know, namely “certainly, surely”, it can also mean “set (by
                        regulation, decision, or convention), fixed, particular,” as
                            in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bàn
                                                shìqing yǒu yídìng bànfa.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He goes about doing things with a definite
                                            method.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiniān zài
                                                yídìngde rìzi, tā dōu huíqu kàn
                                                māma.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Every year he goes back to see his mother on a set
                                            date.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №7</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqū</foreignphrase>: “city
                        proper, municipal area”, the area within a <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chěngshì</foreignphrase> where population and
                        buildings are relatively concentrated. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shìqū</foreignphrase> is used when you are
                        emphasizing the city proper or contrasting it to the suburbs [<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāoqū</foreignphrase>]. It is an
                        administratively more exact term than <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chěngshì</foreignphrase>. [The Peking
                        municipal area, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng
                            shìqū</foreignphrase>, is made up of eight urban districts,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                        >chéngqū</foreignphrase>.]</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūshēnglü</foreignphrase>:
                        “birth rate”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Chūshēng</foreignphrase> means “to be born”. The <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūshēnglü</foreignphrase> is usually
                        considered to be the number of births per one thousand population in one
                        year.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №8</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēnpèi</foreignphrase>:
                        “distribute; allot; assign; distribution”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ tīngshuō
                                                xiàge yuè jiù kéyi gěi ni fēnpei
                                                gōngzuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've heard that you'll be assigned work next
                                            month.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xīwang
                                                néng zǎo yìdiān fēnpèidào
                                            fángzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I hope that housing can be assigned soon.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tīngshuō tā
                                                fēnpèi dào Dōngběi qù gōngzuò
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've heard that he has been assigned to go work in
                                            Manchuria.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">míng'é</foreignphrase>: “the
                        number of people assigned or allowed; quota of people”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míng'é</foreignphrase> does not exactly
                        correspond to “quota”. “Quota” is a fixed number of places which must be
                        filled. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míng'é</foreignphrase> is
                        (1) a fixed number of places which must not be exceeded, or (2) one such
                        place. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bābǎige
                            míng'é</foreignphrase> is literally “800 name given-numbers”, i.e. “a
                        quota of 800 names.”</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №9</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùn</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally, “avoid-pregnancy”, i.e. “contraception”.<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Shíxíng bìyùn </foreignphrase>“to carry out
                        (the government policy of encouraging) contraception, to practice birth
                        control”.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №10</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miǎnfèide</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally “exempt from charge”, i.e. “free (of charge)”<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                zhǎnlǎn kéyi miǎnfèi
                                            cānguān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You can visit this exhibit for free.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè
                                                Báhào, fùnǚ hé háizi dào gōngyuán qù dōu shi
                                                miǎnfēide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>On March 8th, women and children can go to parks free
                                            of charge.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lüxíng bù
                                                piányi a! Fēijīpiào kě bú shi
                                                miǎnfèide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Travelling is not cheap. Plane tickets are certainly
                                            not free!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №11</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dédao</foreignphrase>: “to
                        receive, to get”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā dédao
                                                hùzhào yǐhòu mǎshàng jiù zōu
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He left immediately after getting his
                                            passport.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā dédao
                                                pīzhǔn kéyi liúzai Běijīng
                                            gōngzuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He has gotten permission to stay in Peking to
                                            work.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìjiān xīn
                            fángzi</foreignphrase>: “a new room”. Notice that although you have seen
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāngzi</foreignphrase> meaning
                        “house”, it is being used here in the wider sense of “a place to live”. In
                        this phrase it is preceded by the counter for rooms of a house,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiān</foreignphrase>. Thus the
                        whole phrase means “a new room”, not “a new house”.</para>
                    <para>Living quarters in Peking and many other Chinese cities are very scarce.
                        (Housing in Shanghai is more critical than Peking.) When a newly married
                        couple applies for housing, they will be assigned a room that does not
                        exceed 8-10 square meters. Rarely do living quarters have private baths,
                        toilets, or kitchens. Later, when children come along, they will continue to
                        live in the same size room.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
                    <para>A Canadian tourist talks with her guide:</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on part 2</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №12</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnjià</foreignphrase>:
                        “maternity leave”. The syllable <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >chǎn</foreignphrase>, literally “to give birth to” is used in compounds
                        meaning “maternity, delivery, birth”. It can also be used outside the
                        context of human reproduction in compounds meaning “to produce, production”,
                        as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnpǐn</foreignphrase>
                        “product”.]</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzī</foreignphrase>: “wages,
                        pay”, literally “labor-capital”.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...yǒu chānjià, hái yǒu
                            gōngzi</foreignphrase>: For a normal birth, a woman is given fifty-six
                        days of paid leave; for a difficult birth, seventy days; and for twins,
                        ninety days after the birth. After this period, one hour per day is allowed
                        off in order to nurse the baby.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №13</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèzhōng</foreignphrase>:
                        “various kinds, every kind”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Gè</foreignphrase> “each” is a specifier like <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhèi</foreignphrase>- “this” or
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèi</foreignphrase>- “that”.
                        As a specifier, it can be followed by counters. Here you see <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gè</foreignphrase>- used with the counter
                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǒng</foreignphrase> “types,
                        kinds, sort, species”. Here are some other ways <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gè</foreignphrase>- is used:<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā néng dào
                                                gèguō qù lǚxíng zhēn bú cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's great that he can go to all sorts of
                                            countries.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuéshengmen
                                                yīnggāi yǒu gèrénde xuéxi
                                            jìhua.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Students should each have their own plan of
                                            study.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiānde
                                                diànyǐngr piào gègè dānwèi dōu
                                            you.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Each and every unit has movie tickets for
                                            tomorrow.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Sometimes <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gè</foreignphrase>- is
                        followed directly by the noun.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                xiàwu gè dānwèi dōu kāi huì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This afternoon every unit is having a
                                            meeting.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùn gōngju</foreignphrase>:
                        “contraceptive devices”. This does not refer to birth control pills.
                            [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bìyùnpǐn</foreignphrase>
                        “birth control products” includes both <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùnyào</foreignphrase> “birth control
                        pills” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùn
                            gōngjù</foreignphrase>.]</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìhuà shēngyù</foreignphrase>:
                        “family planning, planned parenthood”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jìhuà</foreignphrase> means “plan; to plan”.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēngyù</foreignphrase>
                        literally means “to give birth to and raise”.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №14</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéyù</foreignphrase>:
                        “sterilization,” or “to sterilize, to be sterilized,” applies to operations
                        for men and women. Sterilization for women is still much more common than
                        for men; and more prevalent in the cities than in the
                            countryside.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā juédìng
                                                juéyù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He has decided on sterilization.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Juéyù shi
                                                jiějué Zhōngguo rénkōu wèntíde yíge hāo
                                                bànfa.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Sterilization is one good way to solve China's
                                            population problem.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒushù</foreignphrase>:
                            “surgery”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàifu gěi
                                                ta zuòde shǒushù hěn
                                            chénggōng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The surgery the doctor performed on him was very
                                            successful.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №15</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shībài</foreignphrase>: “to
                            fail”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuò
                                                mǎimai shībài le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He failed in business.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gēnju
                                                shénme shuō tā shībài le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>On what basis do you say that he failed?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">réngōng liúchǎn</foreignphrase>:
                        “abortion”, more literally, “artificial miscarriage”.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào yīyuàn qu zuò réngōng
                            liúchǎn</foreignphrase>: “go to the hospital to have an abortion
                            performed”.<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Zuò réngōng
                            liúchǎn</foreignphrase> here means “to have an abortion done”, not of
                        course “to do an abortion”. Compare the following two
                            sentences:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yīshēng gěi
                                                ta zuòle réngōng liúchǎn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The doctor performed an abortion on her.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuòle
                                                réngōng liúchǎn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She had an abortion.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>In the first sentence, the subject of the sentence (<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>) performed the
                        abortion. In the second sentence, the subject of the sentence
                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase>) had the
                        abortion performed. In some cases, a verb-object in Chinese can mean either
                        “to do something” or “to have something done”. Here are some more
                            examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhènme
                                                hǎode yīfu, shéi gěi nǐ
                                            zuòde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Who made such nice clothes for you?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Měiguo
                                                zuò yīfu hěn guì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's really expensive to have clothes made in
                                            America.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jià</foreignphrase>: “leave,
                        vacation”. You have seen this as part of the word <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnjià</foreignphrase> “maternity leave”.
                        Here you see it used by itself.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №16</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎoshù mínzú</foreignphrase>:
                        “minority nationalities”, often translated as “national minorities”. Besides
                        the Han people, China has over fifty national minorities which are spread
                        out over fifty to sixty percent of the land area and make up six percent of
                        the total population of the country. The largest minorities are the Mongols
                        (mostly in the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèi Měnggú
                            Zìzhìqū</foreignphrase>, “Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region”), the Hui
                        (Chinese Muslims), Tibetans, Uighur (in the <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xīnjiāng Wéiwúěr Zìzhìqū</foreignphrase>,
                            “<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xinxiang</foreignphrase>
                        Uighur Autonomous Region”), and the <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Miao</foreignphrase> (found in several
                        southern provinces). <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shǎoshù
                                                mínzúde yīfu dōu hěn hǎo
                                            kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The clothing of the national minorities is very
                                            beautiful.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguo
                                                yǒu wǔshijǐge shǎoshùmínzú.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>China has fifty-odd minority nationalities.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №17</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxìn</foreignphrase>: “to
                        believe (that), to trust (someone), to believe in, to have faith
                            in”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                xiāngxìn, wǒmen liǎngguó rénmínde yǒuyì yídìng huì
                                                búduàn fāzhǎn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I believe that the friendship between the people of
                                            our two countries will constantly grow.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Compare <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxìn</foreignphrase>
                        to the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn</foreignphrase>,
                        which you learned in the last unit. For the second example you need to know
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase> is a verb
                        meaning “it's up to...”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié xìn
                                                tāde huà.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't believe what he says.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xìn bu xìn
                                                yóu nǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Believe it or not, as you like.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hōngtáng</foreignphrase>: “brown
                        sugar”, literally “red sugar”. The Chinese often use brown sugar in cooking
                        and for medicinal purposes. For example, a common remedy for colds is a hot
                        drink made by boiling ginger root and brown sugar in water [<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāngtāng</foreignphrase>], or simply brown
                        sugar water [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >tángshuǐ</foreignphrase>].</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnfù</foreignphrase>: “a woman
                        who has given birth within the last month”. [Contrast this word with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùnfù</foreignphrase> “a
                        pregnant woman”. The birth of a child is celebrated on the successful
                        completion of the first month of life.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíngyǎngpǐn</foreignphrase>: “a
                        nutritional food item”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Yíngyǎng</foreignphrase> means “nutrition”, for example:<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dòujiāng
                                                hěn yǒu yíngyǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Soy bean milk is very nutritious.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>-<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Pǐn</foreignphrase> is a
                        syllable used in many words to mean “item, article, product”, [for example
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìniànpǐn</foreignphrase>
                        “souvenir”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >yòngpǐn</foreignphrase> “item of use”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnpǐn</foreignphrase> “produce”,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyèpǐn</foreignphrase>
                        “industrial product”].</para>
                    <para>As the Reference List sentence shows, the mother's health continues to be
                        an important consideration even after the child is born. Both mother's and
                        baby's health are carefully attended to after birth, while Western medicine
                        emphasizes the mother's health only as long as she is carrying the
                        child.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №18</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù tóng</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        not the same, to be different”. This is often used in the pattern
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...hé ... bù
                            tóng</foreignphrase>, “...is different from ...”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hùzhào hé
                                                lǚxíngzhèng wánquán bù tóng, nǐ bú yào nòngcuò
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A passport and a travel permit are completely
                                            different. Don't mistake them.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                gōngchǎng jīnnián hé qùniánde qíngkuàng hěn bù
                                                tóng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The situation in the factory this year is very
                                            different from last year.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù tóng</foreignphrase> can also
                        be used as a noun as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde dānwèi
                                                hé nǐde yǒu hěn dàde bù
                                            tong.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There is a big difference between his work unit and
                                            yours.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>You should be aware that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >tóng</foreignphrase> “same”, cannot be used as the main verb of a
                        sentence to mean “to be the same”. To say, “These two things are the same”,
                        you must say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiliǎngge dōngxi
                            shi yíyàngde</foreignphrase>.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnjìn</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        close (to), to be on intimate terms (with)”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiliǎngge
                                                rén hěn qīnjìn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>These two are on intimate terms.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàjiā dōu
                                                yuànyi qīnjìn ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Everyone wants to be friends with him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №19</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒuxiān</foreignphrase>: “first
                        (of all), in the first place, first; first, before anyone/anything
                            else”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                dàjiā kāi huì shōuxiān shi yào jiějué wǒmen chǎng
                                                shēngchǎnshàngde wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The first thing we want to do at today's meeting is
                                            to solve our factory's problems in production.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                fàndiànli shōuxiān yào zhùyi jiějuéhāo kèrenmende
                                                chī fàn hé xiūxi wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A hotel must first of all pay attention to solving
                                            the dining and rest problems of the guests.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuìjìn
                                                wàiguo péngyou hěn duō. Wǒmen shōuxiān yào jiějué
                                                zhùde wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Recently there have been many foreign friends. We
                                            must first of all solve the lodging problems.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiānhuā</foreignphrase>: “fresh
                        flowers”, as opposed ed to dried or artificial flowers, which the Chinese
                        are also fond of.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wánjù</foreignphrase>:
                        “(children's) toy”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān
                                                érzi guò shēngrì, gěi ta mǎi ge
                                                wánjù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Tomorrow is let's buy our boy's birthday, him a
                                            toy.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №20</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèdì</foreignphrase>: “each
                        place; various places” Here you see the specifier -<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gè</foreignphrase> “each” used in another
                        compound. Here are some more examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hěn
                                                xiang dào Měiguo gèdì qù kànyikàn, Měiguo shi ge
                                                wěidàde guójiā.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'd very much like to go visit lots of places in
                                            America. America is a great country.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                Zhōngguo gèdì cānguān yǒulānle sānge xīngqi, wǒ gāi
                                                huí guǒ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've visited and sight-seen lots of places in China
                                            for three weeks, it's time to go back home.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Peking</title>
                    <para>A Canadian student in Peking interviews a population control
                        worker:</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rénmen shēng háizide shíhou,
                            qīnqi péngyou sòng bu sòng lǐwù?</foreignphrase>: As stated in the
                        dialogue, friends and relatives in the PRC give useful items for the baby,
                        like clothes, hats, cups, or perhaps a chicken for the mother. These are
                        presented casually.</para>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Vocabulary</title><para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">避孕</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		contraception
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù tong</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不同</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be different
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnfù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">产妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a woman who has given birth within the last month
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnjià</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">产假</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		maternity leave
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chénggōng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成功</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to succeed, to be successful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūshēnglü</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出生率</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		birth rate
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dānwèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">单位</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		unit
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indicates successful accomplishment of something
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dédao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">得到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to receive, to get
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēnpèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">分配</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to assign, to apportion, to allot
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèdì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各地</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the various places, each place
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gègè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各个</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		various
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēnjù (gēnju)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">根据</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		according to, based on
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèzhǒng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各种</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		various kinds, types
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzī  </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工资</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wages, pay
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngtáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红糖</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		brown sugar
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jià</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">假</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		vacation, leave
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiātíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">家庭</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìhua shēngyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">计划生育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		planned parenthood, family planning
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">绝育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		sterilization
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūmín wěiyuánhuì </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">居民委员会</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		neighborhood committee
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kòngzhi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">控制</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to control
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-men</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-们</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		plural suffix
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miǎnfèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">免费</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be free of charge
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ming’é</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">名额</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the number of people assigned or allowed, quota (of people)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngmín</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">农民</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		peasant
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		female
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàichūsuǒ(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">派出所儿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the local police station
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pīzhǔn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">批准</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give official permission
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíngkuàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">情况</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		situation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnjìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">亲近</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be close (to a person)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">réngōng liúchǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人工流产</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 abortion
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sān tōngguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">三通过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		“the three approvals”
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎoshù mínzú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">少数民族</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		minority nationality, national minority
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēngyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give birth to and raise
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shībài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">失败</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to fail
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqū</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">市区</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		urban area or district
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手术</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		operation, surgery
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōuxiān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">首先</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		first
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shùmu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">数目</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 number 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tongguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">通过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass, to approve
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóngyì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">同意</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to consent, to agree
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wánjù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">玩具</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		toy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">相信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to believe
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiānhuā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鲜花</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		fresh flowers
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoháir</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小孩儿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		child, children
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě jiù shi shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">也就是说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to mean; in other words
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìbān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一般</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ordinary, general, common
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìbānde shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一般地说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		generally speaking
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一定</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be specific
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíngyǎngpǐn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">营养品</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		food items of special nutritional value
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zengjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">增加</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to increase
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 4</title>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №1</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúqi</foreignphrase>:
                        “blessings, good fortune, luck”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hěn yǒu
                                                fúqi, érzi bāng wo bù shǎo
                                            máng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm very fortunate, my son helps me a lot.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zhēn méi
                                                fúqi, gāng chū mén jiù xià yǔ
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You really have bad luck. You just leave on a trip
                                            and then it rains.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №2</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xífu</foreignphrase>:
                        “daughter-in-law, son's wife”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xífu hǎo
                                                piàoliang!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Her daughter-in-law is so beautiful!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xífu
                                                gōngzuò mángjíle.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>My daughter-in-law is very busy.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>-: “first”,
                        (literally “head”) as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >tóuyitiān</foreignphrase>, “the first day”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóu</foreignphrase>- is used much like
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>-: before a
                        number and a counter, which may or may not be followed by a
                            noun.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >tóuyicì</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>the first time</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyige
                                                rén</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>the first person</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuliǎngge
                                                rén</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>the first two people</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >tóusānběn</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        <entry/>
                                        <entry>the first three volumes</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyige</foreignphrase>,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>- is
                        stressed and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yi</foreignphrase> is
                        in the neutral tone. Also notice that the word for “two” is <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎng</foreignphrase>- (not <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">èr</foreignphrase> as is usually the case
                        when a counter follows).</para>
                    <para>Now here is a comparison of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >tóu</foreignphrase>- and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dì</foreignphrase>-:</para>
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóuyige
                                    rén</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìyíge rén</foreignphrase> are both
                                translated as “the first person” and <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyige</foreignphrase> is for the
                                most part interchangeable with <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìyíge</foreignphrase>.</para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>Although the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >yī</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >tóuyige</foreignphrase> is unstressed and written without a
                                tone mark over it, the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >yī</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >dìyíge</foreignphrase> is stressed and said with a second tone
                                (or sometimes with a first tone).</para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>The word for “two” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >liǎng</foreignphrase> after <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>-, but
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">èr</foreignphrase>
                                after <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>-.
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dìèrge</foreignphrase>
                                means “the second one”, while <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuliāngge</foreignphrase> means “the
                                first two”.</para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóu</foreignphrase>-
                                must be used with a counter, but <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>- can be used with
                                just a number after it. Here are some examples of <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dì</foreignphrase>- used with a
                                number but no counter after it:<informaltable frame="none"
                                    rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  yào mǎi zhège dōngxi. Dìyī, zuòde hěn hāo; dìèr,
                                                  hěn piányi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I'm going to buy this. First, it's very well
                                                  made; second, it's inexpensive.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  shi dìyī, wǒ shi dìèr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>He is first, I'm second.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                            <para>But <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >tóuyī</foreignphrase>-, <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuliāng</foreignphrase>-,
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >tóusān</foreignphrase>- always have a counter word after the
                                number.</para>
                            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tāi</foreignphrase>:
                                This is the counter for pregnancies, whether carried to term or not.
                                Literally <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >tāi</foreignphrase> means “embryo”. The expression
                                    <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    >tóuyitāi</foreignphrase> can also be said <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóutāi</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
                                    frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Tóusāntāi dōu shi nǚde, dào dìsìtāi cái shēngle
                                                  ge érzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>The first three babies were all girls it
                                                  wasn't until the fourth that she had a
                                                  boy.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  shēng tóutǎide shíhou, shēntǐ bú cuò. Shēng
                                                  dìèrtāide shíhou jiù bù xíng
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>When she had her first baby, she was still in
                                                  pretty good health. But when she had her second,
                                                  it wasn't good any more.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng</foreignphrase>:
                                “to give birth to...” Notice that the Chinese verb <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng</foreignphrase> is used in an
                                active sense which is not always reflected in the English. Compare
                                the various translations of <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng</foreignphrase> in the
                                Reference List, the above examples and the dialogue.</para>
                            <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sūnzi</foreignphrase>:
                                “grandson”. This only refers to the son of one's son. The son of
                                one's daughter and son-in-law is called <foreignphrase
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàisūnzi</foreignphrase>. Here is a
                                chart showing how these terms relate to each other.<inlinemediaobject>
                                    <imageobject>
                                        <imagedata fileref="../images/famille.png" width="14cm"/>
                                    </imageobject>
                                </inlinemediaobject></para>
                        </listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №3</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngbāo</foreignphrase>: “A red
                        envelope with money in it, given as a gift or bribe”. These gifts of money
                        may be given to children by people at least a generation older. This usually
                        happens at festive occasions, like New Years or a birthday. The amount given
                        varies greatly but there is one thing to remember: Do not give an amount
                        with the number four in it! The number four, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sì</foreignphrase>, closely resembles the
                        verb “to die,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sǐ</foreignphrase>,
                        and is therefore considered unlucky. Chinese youth were without any real
                        opportunity to make money in the past, so this is one way that it is made up
                        for.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo bǎobao</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally “little treasure”, in other words “the little darling” or “the
                        baby”. This word is usually used by women. Some people use the word
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobao</foreignphrase> (with
                        or without <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo</foreignphrase>)
                        in addressing or speaking about babies or children.</para>
                    <para>The second <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>
                        in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobao</foreignphrase> is
                        neutral tone; even though it was originally also third tone, it does not
                        make the first <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase>
                        change to a rising tone, as you might expect (e.g. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎli</foreignphrase>). The first
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎo</foreignphrase> in
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobao</foreignphrase> is
                        pronounced low, without any rise in pitch. (Some people also say
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobǎo</foreignphrase> and
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo
                        bǎobǎo</foreignphrase>.)</para>
                    <para>[There are many other words used to refer to babies. Some terms used by
                        both men and women include (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xiǎo</foreignphrase>) <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >bēibì</foreignphrase>, (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xiǎo</foreignphrase>) <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >guāiguai</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xiǎo jiǎhuo</foreignphrase>. Some terms used mostly by men include
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo bēibei</foreignphrase>
                        and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo
                        budiǎnr</foreignphrase>.]</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №4</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù gǎn dāng</foreignphrase>:
                        “I'm flattered”. Literally, this means “I dare not assume (the honor you pay
                        me)”. This is a polite response to a compliment (such as “You speak Chinese
                        very well”), to a respectful gesture (such as helping someone put on their
                        coat), or to a respectful phrase (like “<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐngjiǎo</foreignphrase>”).</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №5</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pòfei</foreignphrase>: “spend
                        money (on someone)”, also sometimes translated as “to spend
                            recklessly“.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ràng nín
                                                pòfei. or Jiào nín pòfei.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I have caused you to spend a lot, of money. (i.e.,
                                            “you shouldn't have spent all that money on me”)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shi wǒ
                                                sūnzi, wèi ta pòfei liǎngge qián shi
                                                yīnggāide.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He's my grandson, it's only right that I should spend
                                            a little money on him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                shēngrìde shíhou, Wáng Xiānsheng pòfeide zhēn bù
                                                shǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>For his birthday, Mr. <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>
                                            really spent quite a bit of money on him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №6</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu duō zhòng</foreignphrase>:
                        “how heavy?” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhòng</foreignphrase>
                        is the adjectival verb “to be heavy”. Notice the similarity between asking
                        age, weight and height. In each the pattern is literally “have how much (of
                        some quality)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yǒu duō
                                                dǎ?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How old are you?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèizhāng
                                                zhuōzi yǒu duō zhòng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How heavy is that table?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu duō
                                                gāo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How tall is she?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bàng</foreignphrase>: “pound
                        (unit of weight)”. In addition to the traditional Chinese units of weight
                        such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàn</foreignphrase> “picul
                        (100 liters approximately)”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jīn</foreignphrase> “catty (1 1/3 lbs.)”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎng</foreignphrase> “tael (105 grams
                        approximately)”, and the metric system of weights, such as <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngliǎng</foreignphrase> “100 grams” and
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngjīn</foreignphrase>
                        “kilogram”, you also find customary American units such as “pound”
                        used.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №7</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāng wèile tā bù
                            jiǔ</foreignphrase>: This means “It's only been a short while SINCE I
                        fed him.”, NOT “I fed him for only a short while.” Chinese can distinguish
                        between the duration of a continued activity and the duration of something
                        not happening by putting these two types of duration phrases in different
                        places in the sentence.</para>
                    <para>Let's review time when and time spent, and take a look at how you express
                        TIME WITHIN WHICH something didn't happen and TIME ELAPSED since something
                        happened.</para>
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>Simple duration phrases, that is phrases telling how long an
                                activity went on, follow the verb. These contrast with phrases
                                telling the time when something happened, which come before the
                                verb.</para>
                            <para>Simple duration<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  zài Xiānggǎng zhù
                                                  liǎngtiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>He's staying in Hong Kong for two
                                                  days.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  zuòle wǔfēn zhōng, jiù zǒu
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>He sat for five minutes and then
                                                  left.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                            <para>Time when<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  shi zuǒtian dàode.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>She arrived yesterday.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>The amount of time something did not happen, that is the TIME
                                WITHIN WHICH the activity has not taken place, is expressed in
                                negative sentences with time phrases before the verb. </para>
                            <para>Time Within with a Negative Verb<informaltable frame="none"
                                    rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wǒmen yìnián méi jiàn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>We haven't seen each other for a
                                                  year.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  yǐjīng yíge yuè méi qù nàr
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I haven't been going there for a month
                                                  now.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>To express the time elapsed since an activity took place the
                                duration phrase is again placed after the verb.</para>
                            <para>Time elapsed in an affirmative sentence<informaltable frame="none"
                                    rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  zuòwánle yǐjīng yíge zhōngtóu
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I've been done for an hour already.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  cái zǒule yíge xīngqi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>It's been only a week since he left.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  gāng líkāi zhèige wūzi bù
                                                  jiǔ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I've been out of the room only a short
                                                  while.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable></para>
                        </listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №7</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī nǎi</foreignphrase>: “to eat
                        (mother's) milk”, in other words, “to breastfeed” and by extension “to drink
                        milk”, even from a bottle. Similarly, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi nǎi</foreignphrase> can mean “to feed
                        milk (to a baby)” without specifying mother's milk or otherwise. To
                        distinguish between breast feeding and bottle feeding, one can say
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī māmade
                        nǎi</foreignphrase>, “to eat mother's milk”. And from the mother's point of
                        view, one can say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">māma zìji gěi
                            háizi wèi nǎi,</foreignphrase> “the mother nurses the child
                        herself.”</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №8</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎ zhǎngde hěn
                            piàoliang</foreignphrase>: “She's very pretty.” <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhǎngde piàoliang</foreignphrase> literally
                        means “grow pretty”, but it should be translated simply as “is pretty”.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhǎngde ...</foreignphrase> is
                        often used in descriptions of the appearance of living things. In these
                        cases, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǎngde ...</foreignphrase>
                        is absent of any meaning such as “has grown ...”, “has come to be ...” or
                        “has become ...”; it simply means “is, are”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎ zhǎngde
                                                hěn hǎokàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She is very beautiful.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhǎngde
                                                gēn wǒ yíyàng gāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She is just as tall as I am.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde liǎn
                                                zhǎngde gēn wǒ mèimei
                                            yíyàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Her face looks just like my little sister.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>There is almost no difference in meaning between <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hěn piàoliang</foreignphrase> and
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhǎngde hěn
                            piàoliang.</foreignphrase> Both are used frequently. But there is a
                        difference in meaning between <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                            zhǎngde hěn gāo</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhǎnggāo le</foreignphrase>: the former
                        means “He is very tall”, and the latter “He has grown tall”.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №9</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúxiàng</foreignphrase>:
                        “auspicious physiognomy”. This phrase implies something more than “lucky
                        face”. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fú</foreignphrase>
                        expresses the destiny of a person to enjoy a life of good fortune.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàng</foreignphrase> is a
                        person's looks considered from the point of view of fortune telling.
                        Traditionally, it was believed that a person's destiny could be determined
                        from the individual variations of his hands, bones, face, ears, hair, and so
                        forth. The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàng</foreignphrase>
                        includes the face, ears, hairline, and bumps on the head.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...ěrduo zhǎngde zhēn
                            dǎ</foreignphrase>: Portraits of some of the most admired men in Chinese
                        history depict them with long ears. (Long ears are thought to indicate
                        wisdom.) It was thought that rulers in particular were so endowed. Buddha is
                        also pictured with long ears, as he appeared in Indian portrayals.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para/>
                </section>

            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №10</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyuè</foreignphrase>:
                        “thirtieth day after a child is born”, literally, “full-month”. (it also
                        means “full moon”.) This refers to a baby's completion of the first full
                        month of life and is a cause of celebration.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wángjiā
                                                háizi kuài mǎnyuè le, qǐng dàjiā qù chī mǎnyuè
                                                jiù</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Wáng</foreignphrase>'s baby is about to be a month
                                            old, and they're asking everyone to go take part in the
                                            “full month” banquet.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuī fēng</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally, “to blow wind”, but actually “to be in a current of air, a draft,
                        the wind”. Although what blows is the wind, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase> “wind” seems to be in
                        the object position in this phrase. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chǎnfù bù keyi chuī fēng</foreignphrase> does
                        not mean “Women recently delivered of a child cannot blow wind”, but rather,
                        “Women recently delivered of a child cannot have wind blow on them.”
                        Traditionally, Chinese women were to stay out of drafts because of the very
                        poor overall health situation of the country, and because of the importance
                        of caring for the next generation. Of the three (Confucian) ways to be
                        unfilial, the worst was to be heir less.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde bìng
                                                gāng hǎo, bú yào chūqu chuī
                                            fēng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You're just over your illness, don't go out in a
                                            draft.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №11</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò yuèzi</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally, “to sit the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >yuèzi</foreignphrase>”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >yuèzi</foreignphrase> being the month after giving birth during which a
                        woman is supposed to take special care of her health. There are different
                        motivations underlying this custom. Woman's most important function (indeed
                        her only one) was to aide in perpetuating the family line. Therefore it was
                        essential to take special precautions for her own health so that she would
                        nurse a healthy baby. Another idea was that a woman's body at this time was
                        “dirty” and to avoid offending the door gods she should not go past
                            them.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuò
                                                yuèzide shíhou, kě xiǎoxìn, méi chūguo yìtiān
                                                mén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>During the first month after delivery she was
                                            extremely careful. She didn't go out once.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        careful”, literally, “small-heart”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase> is an adjectival verb
                        which can be used with or without an object following.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhèige
                                                rén bù zěnmeyàng, hé tā zuò péngyou yào
                                                xiǎoxīn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This guy is nothing special, you'd better be careful
                                            making friends with him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎoxīn!
                                                Qiánbianr shi hóngdēng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Careful! There's a red light up ahead.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎoxīn
                                                nèige rén!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Be careful of that person!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎoxīn guò
                                                mǎlù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Be careful crossing the street.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №12</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnglěng</foreignphrase>: “raw
                        or cold foods”. Traditional Chinese medicine divides foods into yin and yang
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yīn</foreignphrase> are “cool”
                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liángxìngde</foreignphrase>)
                        foods, that is, foods that make the system cool; <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáng</foreignphrase> foods are “hot”
                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rèxìngde</foreignphrase>),
                        that is, they make the system hot. These characteristics are not dependant
                        on the degree temperature at which the food is eaten, but are rather
                        inherent in the food. For example crab, white sugar, and most vegetables and
                        fruits are <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīn</foreignphrase> or
                        cool while hot pepper, lard, millet, brown sugar, and certain fruits such as
                        cantaloupe and lichee nuts are all particularly <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáng</foreignphrase> or hot. Generally
                        speaking, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáng</foreignphrase>
                        foods harmonize with body temperature while <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīn</foreignphrase> foods shock the system.
                        Nonetheless, a balance between the two kinds of foods must be maintained.
                        Too much <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yáng</foreignphrase> food
                        can cause the body's “heat” to rise too much (<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàng huǒ</foreignphrase>), minor symptoms of
                        which might include a cough, fever, dry mouth, blisters on the tongue, and
                        constipation. On the ocher hand, too much <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīn</foreignphrase> food is bad for the
                        stomach and can cause diarrhea.</para>
                    <para>The body's “heat” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >huǒ</foreignphrase>) can be regulated by eating one or the other kind
                        of foods. Thus in hot weather, when the <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒ</foreignphrase> naturally rises, one
                        should eat “cool” foods to lower the (<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒ</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīng huǒ</foreignphrase>), and in the winter
                        one should eat “hot” foods. Likewise, certain illnesses call for the eating
                        of one kind of food or the other: one should eat “cool” foods to counteract
                        infections and fevers, while one should eat “hot” foods to build up one's
                        strength if one has a disease which makes him weak. In particular, women
                        giving birth should eat plenty of the “hot” type of foods.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēnglěng</foreignphrase>, raw
                        or cold foods, have also traditionally been considered bad for women who are
                        pregnant or have just given birth. Given sanitary conditions in traditional
                        China, this is understandable.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chī
                                                shēnglěngde dōngxi yídìng yào
                                                xǐgānjing.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When eating raw things, be sure to wash them
                                            well.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dé</foreignphrase>: “to get, a
                        catch (a disease)”; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dé
                            bìng</foreignphrase> means “to get an illness”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dé bìng
                                                yǐhòu, méi bànfa niàn shū
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>After I got sick, I couldn't study any more.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā de bìng
                                                yǐqián, shēntǐ hen hāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Before she got ill, her health was very good.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā déde shi
                                                shénme bìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>What illness was it that she got?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Here are some examples of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dé</foreignphrase> followed by the name of an illness:<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā dé
                                                gānmào yǐhòu, jiù méiyou
                                            chūlaiguo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He didn't go out after he got a cold.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qùniān
                                                dōngtiān, tā déle xuěyā gāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Last winter, he got high blood pressure.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Here are some more examples sentences showing various uses of
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dé</foreignphrase>:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnniān guò
                                                shēngrì wǒ déle yìběn xīn
                                            shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I got a new book on my birthday this year.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎodì
                                                jīntiān néng dé hǎojǐ ge
                                            hongbāo!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Little brother will be able to get a lot of “red
                                            envelopes” today!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>Of course, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dé</foreignphrase>
                        cannot be used in all cases when we would say “get” in English. For one
                        thing, de only means to receive passively, whereas English “get” sometimes
                        denotes actively seeking to obtain, as in “I'm going to the supply room to
                        get some paper and pens”, or “I got a package of cereal at the supermarket”.
                        In these cases, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dé</foreignphrase>
                        would not be appropriate in Chinese. To show you some other ways in which
                        the English word “get” is expressed in Chinese, here are some Chinese
                        sentences which do not use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dé</foreignphrase> although the English translation uses
                            “get”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān lái
                                                nǐde diānhuā le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Yesterday you got a phone call (but you weren't here
                                            to get it.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótian wǒ
                                                jiēdāo tāde diànhuà le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Yesterday I got a phone call from him (and was there
                                            to receive it.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zēngjiā
                                                gōngzī le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He got a raise in wages.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā jiā
                                                xīnshuǐ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He got a raise in salary.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                shōudàole yíge zhāngdān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I got a bill.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ cóng tā
                                                nār bǎ jiègei tade nèiběn shū náhuilai
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I got the book back which I lent him.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yě gěi wǒ
                                                nǎ yíge lai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Get one for me too.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cóng shénme
                                                dìfang wǒ néng mǎidao yíge xiāng
                                                zhèiyangrde?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Where can I get (buy) one of those?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshī</foreignphrase>:
                        “rheumatism”, literally “wind-humid”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu
                                                fēngshī, tiān yì lěng tuǐ téngde
                                                lìhai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He has rheumatism, as soon as it gets cold, his leg
                                            hurts severely.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        touch”, only in the sense of one object coming into contact with another.
                        The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèng</foreignphrase> can
                        also mean to come into contact with something in a violent way, “to hit, to
                        bump into”. Whether <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >pèng</foreignphrase> means merely “to touch” or “to bump into” must be
                        determined by context.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ bié pèng
                                                zhèige zhuōzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't touch this table.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde chē kě
                                                bùdeliǎo. Biérén pèng dōu bù néng pèng, gèng bú yào
                                                shuō jièqu kāi le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His car is terrific! Other people can't even touch
                                            it, not to mention borrowing it to drive!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>[Some other words meaning “to touch” are <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āi</foreignphrase> “to be close to, to be
                        next to, to be touching”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuì pà
                                                dǎ zhēn. Zhēn hái méi āidao ta, tā jiù dà
                                                jiao.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She is extremely afraid of getting shots. She cries
                                            out before the needle has even touched her.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>: “to touch,
                        to handle”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ bié dòng
                                                wo zhuōzishangde dōngxi, děng yìhuǐr wǒ huílaile
                                                zìjǐ shōushi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't touch the things on my desk, in a while when I
                                            come back I'll straighten them up myself.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mō</foreignphrase>: “to feel, to
                        rub, to touch” Here you also need to know that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ruǎn</foreignphrase> means “to be soft,
                        yielding to the touch”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
                                                yīfu zhēn hǎo, mōshangqu ruǎnruǎnde; chuānzhe yídìng
                                                hěn shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This piece of clothing is really nice very soft to
                                            the touch; it must be very comfortable [to
                                            wear.]</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №14</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: “to lie
                        down”. This is an action verb. Under most circumstances it requires some
                        kind of complement: either a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zài</foreignphrase> phrase telling where the subject ended up in a
                        lying position, as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā tǎngzai
                                                chuángshang le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He lay down on the bed.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>or the durative aspect marker -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zhe</foreignphrase>, as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zài
                                                chuángshang tǎngzhe.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He is/was lying on the bed.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>or the directional ending -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xia(lái)</foreignphrase>, as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàifu jiào
                                                wo tǎngxia.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The doctor told me to lie down.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>or the completion le, as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎngle
                                                bàntiān, háishi bu shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I lay down for quite a long time, but still felt
                                            ill.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā tǎngle
                                                yìhuǐr, jiù juéde hǎo yìdiǎnr
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>After I laid down for a while, I felt better.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǐfu</foreignphrase>: “to
                        restore; to return to (an original state); to recover (one's
                            health)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                gōngchāng yǐjīng huīfu shēngchǎn
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This factory has already restored production.
                                            (Production in many areas was stopped during the turmoil
                                            of the Great Cultural Revolution.)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                qiánjǐnián dào nóngcūn qu le. Zuìjìn cái huīfu
                                                gōngzuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She went to the countryside several years ago. Only
                                            recently did she return to work.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A: Wǒ
                                                shàngge yuè shēng bìngle, zhèige xīngqi cái huīfu
                                                yìdiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I was sick last month and only this week am feeling
                                            like myself again.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B: Kàn nǐde
                                                yàngzi, huīfude bú cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Looking at your appearance I'd say you're pretty well
                                            recovered.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №15</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānwàn</foreignphrase>: “by all
                        means, for sure” literally “thousand ten-thousands”.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèitiáo
                                                jiēshang chē tài duō, nǐ qiānwàn bié
                                                qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There are too many cars on that street, you are
                                            absolutely not to go there.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gāng xué
                                                kāi chē, qiānwàn xiāoxīn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You've only just learned to drive a car, be sure to
                                            be careful.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qiānwàn
                                                zhùyì, bú yào xiěcuò le, xiěcuòle kě
                                                máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Be sure to be careful, don't write this incorrectly,
                                            if you do it'll be so much trouble.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāngxīn</foreignphrase>: “to
                        watch out, to watch oneself, to be cautious”. Not to be confused with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dānxīn</foreignphrase>, “to
                            worry”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāng xiàle
                                                xuě, chū mén dāngxīn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's just snowed, watch yourself when you go
                                            out.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kāi chē
                                                shàng jiē dāngxīn yìdiǎnr a!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Watch yourself when you go out driving
                                            downtown!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №16</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéguǒ</foreignphrase>: “as a
                        result, and so ...”. One of the uses of this word is to connect the thought
                        of one sentence with the next. (Another is as the noun “result(s)”.) It
                        provides a transition from one sentence to another, as in</para>
                    <para>“As a result, then...” Below is a monologue which takes place in Peking,
                        in which the speaker uses the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >jiéguo</foreignphrase> in this way several times. (This is not meant to
                        be an example of eloquence; in fact, you should not use <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéguo</foreignphrase> as repetitively as
                        this speaker.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ tīngshuō
                                                Xiǎo Wáng hé Xiǎo Lǐ tán liàn'ài le. Tánde zěnme
                                                yàng ne? Tánde bú cuò. Liǎngge rén dōu méiyou
                                                yìjian. Jiéguǒ Xiǎo Wángde fùqin bù tóngyì. Zhèijiàn
                                                shi kě jiù bù hǎo bàn le. Xiǎngle bàntiān, jiéguǒ
                                                háishi Xiǎo Wáng qù zhǎo jūmín wěiyuánhuì.
                                                Jūwěihuìde gànbu hé Xiǎo Wáng tánle bàntiān, jiéguǒ
                                                hái bù xíng. Zěnme bàn? Xiǎo Wáng yòu qù zhǎo
                                                pàichūsuǒ. Pàichūsuǒde gànbu yòu lái hé Lǎo Wáng
                                                tánle bàntiān, háishi méiyou jiéguǒ. Zuìhòu nǐ xiǎng
                                                zěnmeyàng, Xiǎo Lǐ zìjǐ lái hé Lǎo Wáng tánle, shuō
                                                jiéhūn yīhòu bù bānchuqu zhù, tā zhàogu lǎorénjiā.
                                                Zhèihuǐr Lǎo Wáng mǎnyì le. Jiéguǒ Xiǎo Wáng Xiǎo Lǐ
                                                gāogāoxìngxìng jiéhūn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>
                                            <para>I heard that <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Lǐ</foreignphrase>
                                                are in love. How serious? Really serious. The two of
                                                them had no problems with the idea (of getting
                                                married). But then<foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase>'s father didn't agree. The
                                                whole thing became difficult to arrange. They
                                                thought for a long time, and as a result it was
                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase> who went to seek out the
                                                neighborhood committee. The neighborhood committee
                                                cadres talked with Old <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>
                                                  (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase>'s father) for a long time.
                                                But then it still didn't go over. What to do?
                                                  <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase> then went to seek out the
                                                local police station. And the police station cadres
                                                went to talk with Old <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>
                                                too, but still no result. Well what do you think
                                                happened in the end? <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Lǐ</foreignphrase>
                                                went herself to talk with Old <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>.
                                                She said that after they married they wouldn't move
                                                out, that she would take care of the old gentleman.
                                                That's when Old <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>
                                                became satisfied. So in the end <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Lǐ</foreignphrase>
                                                were happily married.</para>
                                        </entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòngkǔ</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        in pain, to be suffering”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā nèi
                                                shíhou hěn tòngkū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She was in a great deal of pain at that time.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liàn'ài
                                                shībàile tā hěn tòngkū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It was very hard on him when they broke up.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
                                                shìqing ràng ta fēicháng
                                            tòngkū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This matter pained him a great deal.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №17</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duó kuài</foreignphrase>: “how
                        fast!” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duó</foreignphrase> or the
                        alternate form <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >duóme</foreignphrase> is used in exclamatory sentences to mean “how
                        ...!” Here are some more examples: <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn cái
                                                shuōle liǎngjù huà, tā jiù bù gāoxìng le. Duó ràng
                                                rén bù hǎo yìsi!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You see you only have to say two sentences and she
                                            gets unhappy. It really makes a person
                                            embarrassed!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi kùzi
                                                zhènme duǎn, chuǎnshang duó
                                            nánshòu!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>These pants are so short, when you wear them they'll
                                            be so uncomfortable.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū
                                                xiěde duó hǎo!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This book is so well written!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ chē
                                                yǎoshi fàngzi chuángshang. Duó
                                            bèn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I left the car keys on the bed. How stupid!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiǎzi</foreignphrase>: “in a
                        flash, at one blow, at one fell swoop, all at once, in no
                            time”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ huà hái
                                                méi shuōwán, tā yíxiàzi jiù shēngqì le. Shéi zhīdao
                                                wèishénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I hadn't yet finished speaking when he got angry all
                                            of a sudden. Who knows why?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №18</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wángjiā</foreignphrase>: “the
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase> family”,
                        referring either to the people, the social unit, or their home (in which
                        case it can be used as a place word).</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàng</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        fat, to get fat”. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >pàng</foreignphrase> can be used in two ways: one as an adjectival verb
                        “to be fat”, the other as a process verb “to get fat”. To the Chinese, a fat
                        baby is not only a healthy baby, it is a beautiful one. Plumpness and
                        roundness are two features admired in babies and children.</para>
                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>Adjectival verb (state)</para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  hěn pàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>He is fat.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎ
                                                  xiǎo shíhou bú pàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>She wasn't fat when she was little.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  hěn pà pàng, shénme dou bù gǎn
                                                  chī.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I'm afraid of being fat, I don' dare eat
                                                  anything.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>Process verb</para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zuìjìn shēntī hǎole, tā pàng duō
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>Lately his health got better and he got very
                                                  fat.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                  shì bu shi pàngle yìdiǎndiǎn, Èrgē
                                                  a?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>Haven't you put on just a little bit of
                                                  weight, Older Brother?</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para/>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngdàn</foreignphrase>: Red
                        eggs symbolize a combination of lucky influences: red is the color of
                        happiness and dignity, while eggs are symbols of health and prosperity to
                        the farmer. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Hóngdàn</foreignphrase> are sometimes also used as gifts from a
                        newly-engaged couple to their friends.</para>
                </section>

            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Vocabulary</title><para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-bàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">镑</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		pound (unit of weight)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobao (bǎobǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">宝宝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		baby, darling (term of endearment for a young child)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bīngxiāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冰箱</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		refrigerator, ice box
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù gǎn dāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不敢当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		I’m flattered, You shouldn't have, I don't deserve this
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī nǎi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃奶</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to nurse, to suckle
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuī fēng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吹风</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to have air blow on oneself, to be in a draft
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāngxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">当心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to watch out
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dé</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">得</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to get
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duó kuài!</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多快</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how fast!
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ěrduo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">耳朵</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ear
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风湿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		rheumatism
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúqi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">福气</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		blessings, luck
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúxiàng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">福祥</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		lucky physiognomy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngbāo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红包</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a red envelope with a gift or bribe of money in it
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngdàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红蛋</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		eggs dyed red
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huīfu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">恢复</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to recover
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiēguǒ (jiēguǒ)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结果</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		as a result; result, results
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyuè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a full month after the birth of a baby
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyuèjiǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满月酒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		celebration meal one month after a baby is born
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胖</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be fat
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">碰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to touch
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pòfei</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">颇费</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to spend a lot of money (on someone), to go to some expense
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānwàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">千万 </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		by all means, be sure to; (in com bination with a negative sentence) by no means, under no circumstances
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnglěng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生冷</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		raw or cold foods
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēngxialai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生下来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be born
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sūnzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">孙子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		grandson
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胎</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		birth
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">躺</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to lie,lie down, to recline
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòngkǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">痛苦</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be painful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyige</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头一个</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the first
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyìtāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头一台</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the first pregnancy, the first baby
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō nínde fú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">托您的福</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		thanks to your lucky influence, many thanks
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wángjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">王家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the Wáng family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to feed
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo bǎobao (xiǎo bǎobǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小宝宝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		baby, darling (term of endearment for a young child)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be careful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xífu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">媳妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		daughter-in-law
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiàzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一下子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		an instant, a moment, a while
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yuèzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">月子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		month of confinement after giving birth to a child
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to grow; to be (pretty, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">重</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be heavy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò yuèzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">坐月子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go through the month of confinement and special care after childbirth
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 5</title>
        <para/>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title/>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №1</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuìjìn</foreignphrase>;
                            “lately, recently; in the near future”. This word can either refer to
                            the near past or the near future.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>A: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  zuìjìn zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How has she been lately?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>A: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  zuìjìn zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How has she been lately?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>B: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zuìjìn tā hěn hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry> Lately she's, been very well.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  zuìjìn zài niàn shū. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've been studying lately.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  zuìjìn yào dào Jiāzhōu qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm going to be going to California in the near
                                                future.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūchāi</foreignphrase>: “to
                            go away on official business”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Míngtiān chūchāi, jǐntiān hěn
                                                  máng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Tomorrow I'm going away on business, so today is
                                                a busy day.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhècì
                                                  chūchāi, qù shénme dìfang?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Where are you going on this business
                                                trip?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèjiàn
                                                  shì, děng wo chūle chāi yǐhòu zài
                                                  bàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'll get to this matter after my business
                                                trip.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhècì
                                                  chūchāi huílai, kéyi dài diǎn dōngxi gěi
                                                  ni.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>When I come back from this business trip, I'll be
                                                able to bring you back a little something.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cānjiā</foreignphrase>: “to
                            participate in; to attend; to go to (a meeting, gathering, performance,
                            etc.); to join”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  jìhua xià Xīngqīyī yào dào Niǔ Yüē qu wár. Nǐ
                                                  xiǎng bu xiǎng cānjiā?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm planning to go to New York next week to
                                                relax. Do you want to join in?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào
                                                  cānjiā míngtiān xiàwude
                                                huì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm going to attend the meeting tomorrow
                                                afternoon.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuǒtiān
                                                  wǒmen gěi Zhāng Tàitai sòngxíng, nǐ yě cānjiā le
                                                  ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Yesterday when we gave the going-away party for
                                                Mrs. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhāng</foreignphrase>, did you come too?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №2</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài shàng
                                Xīngqīèr</foreignphrase>: “on last Tuesday”. Notice that
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> is
                            used here with an expression stating a time when something occurs. In
                            this sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >zài</foreignphrase> is optional. Here are some more
                                examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                  huì zài xiàge yuè kāi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This meeting will be held next month.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                  haizi zài qùniǎn qiūtiān kāishǐ zài jiā niàn shū
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This child began studying at home last
                                                fall.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài
                                                  shàngge lǐbài mǎile yíjiàn jiéhūn
                                                  lǐfū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Last week I bought a wedding gown.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                  Yījiǔliùsānnián wǒ rènshile
                                                ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I met him in 1963.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                  Yījiǔwǔlíngniǎn wǒ jiù kànguo zhèběn
                                                  shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I read this book back in 1950.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǔmǔ</foreignphrase>:
                            “(paternal) grandmother”. Remember that this refers exclusively to the
                            father's mother. The mother's mother is <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàizǔmǔ</foreignphrase>. [A grandmother
                            is usually addressed by her son's children as <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎinai</foreignphrase>.] Here is a chart
                            showing these terms:</para>
                        <para><inlinemediaobject>
                                <imageobject>
                                    <imagedata
                                        fileref="../images/Capture%20d%E2%80%99%C3%A9cran%20du%202023-07-16%2008-54-55.png"
                                        width="14cm"/>
                                </imageobject>
                            </inlinemediaobject></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qùshì</foreignphrase>: “to
                            pass away”. Literally, this means “to go (from this) world”. It is a
                            euphemism for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >sǐ</foreignphrase> “to die”, which is introduced in Unit 6.</para>
                        <para>
                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wángde fùqin qùshì yǐjīng liǎngniǎn
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>It's been two years since <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                  Wáng</foreignphrase>'s father died.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable>
                        </para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāoxi</foreignphrase>:
                            “news, information, tidings”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèiliǎngtiān bàozhǐshang yǒu hěn duō guānyu
                                                  Zhōngguode xiǎoxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The past couple of days there's been a lot of
                                                news about China in the newspaper.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiǎn
                                                  bàozhǐshang yǒu shénme xīn
                                                xiǎoxi?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>What news is there in the newspaper
                                                today?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  jiā liǎngge yuè méiyou xìn le, shénme xiāoxi dōu
                                                  méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Our family hasn't sent a letter in two months,
                                                there's no news at all. (Said by one family member
                                                who is separated from the rest.)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāoxi</foreignphrase> can
                            be used with the counter -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >ge</foreignphrase> to mean “a piece of news, an item of
                                news”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǒu
                                                  yíge hǎo xiāoxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I have a piece of good news.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №3</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàosāng</foreignphrase>:
                            “to present one's condolences at a funeral, to attend a funeral”. At a
                            traditional funeral, the guests, by groups, present their condolences to
                            the family of the deceased in a brief formal ceremony.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                  wǒ qù diàosāng, jiàndao nín jiā
                                                  lǎotàitai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Today when I was at the funeral I saw your
                                                grandmother.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №4</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānglǐ</foreignphrase>: “the
                            funeral ceremony”. [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Sāng</foreignphrase>- in some combinations means “funeral”, for
                            example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >sāngfú</foreignphrase> “funeral clothing”, or <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sāngshì</foreignphrase> “funeral”.] On a
                            volunteer basis, family, friends, and villagers help with funeral
                            preparations. Members of the immediate family stay with the coffin to
                            guard it during the day and sleep with it at night.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №5</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiàng</foreignphrase>:
                            “always (up to now)”. This adverb indicates that something has been so
                            all along up until now (and may either continue the same way or else
                                change).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  yíxiàng ài chī tián
                                                diǎnxin.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've always like to eat sweet snacks.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  yíxiàng niàn shū niànde hěn
                                                hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He has always done very well in his
                                                studies.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wú
                                                  Lǎoshī yíxiàng xǐhuan
                                                háizi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Teacher <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Wú</foreignphrase> has always liked
                                                children.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià
                                                  Xiānsheng yíxiàng hěn
                                                kèqi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Mr. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Xià</foreignphrase> has always been very
                                                polite.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūrǎn</foreignphrase>:
                            “suddenly”. This is a time word. It may go before the verb, or at the
                            front of the sentence.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  hūrǎn xiǎngqilai, wǒde xìn hái méiyou
                                                  jì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I suddenly remembered that I hadn't mailed my
                                                letter yet.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hūrán,
                                                  tā pǎolai le, hǎoxiàng yǒu shénme
                                                  shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Suddenly, he came running in, as if there were
                                                something wrong.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hūrán
                                                  tiān xià yǔ le, xiàde hāo
                                                dà.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Suddenly it started raining, raining very
                                                hard.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  jìnlai zuòle yìhuǐr, hūrán jiù zǒu
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He came in and sat down for a while, and then
                                                left all of a sudden.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài yě bù hē
                                le</foreignphrase>: “will never drink again”. Sometimes people ask
                            what is the word for “never” in Chinese. The answer is that “never” is
                            not expressed by one word, but rather by a combination of adverbs and
                            negative. Not only is “never” rendered into Chinese by several words,
                            but the word patterns are different for sentences expressing completed
                            action, habitual action, or planned action. For these examples you need
                            to know that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >yǒngyuǎn</foreignphrase> is the word for “forever”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  cónglai méi chīguo Zhōngguo
                                                cài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've never eaten Chinese food.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  cónglái bu kàn nèiyangde
                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've never read those kinds of books,</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
                                                  wèntí yǒngyuǎn bù néng
                                                jiějué.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His problems can never be solved.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài
                                                  yě bú qù nàli le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'll never go there again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>The adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >zài</foreignphrase> and a negative, such as <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méiyou</foreignphrase>, can be used to
                            express the idea of not doing something anymore.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bìng
                                                  hāole yǐhòu, tā méiyou zài hē
                                                jiǔ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>After he got well, he didn't drink
                                                anymore.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐhòu
                                                  wǒ bú zài zuò le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>In the future I won't do it again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào
                                                  zài dǎ ta le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Don't hit him any more.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>If <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> is
                            placed in front of the negative, the meaning of the phrase is more
                                emphatic.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài
                                                  bù huílai le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm never coming back here again!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>If <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase> is
                            added between <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >zài</foreignphrase> and the negative, the meaning is approximately
                            the same.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài
                                                  yě bù chī táng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm never going to eat candy again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèitiáo
                                                  lù bù hāo zǒu, nǐ zài yě bié zǒu nèitiáo lù
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>That road is hard to go on, don't ever take it
                                                again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zài
                                                  yě bié kàn zhèzhǒng shū
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Don't ever read, this kind of book again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàge
                                                  fàndiànde cài tài guì, wǒ zhǐ qùle yícì, jiù zài
                                                  yě méi qùguo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>That restaurant is too expensive; I only went
                                                there once and then I never went back again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                  shi tǒngxué, kěshi líkāi xuéxiào yǐhòu, wǒ jiù zài
                                                  yě méi kànjian ta le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>We were schoolmates, but after we left the
                                                school, I never saw him again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānge
                                                  yuè yǐqián xiàguo yìchǎng yǔ, yǐhòu jiù zài yě méi
                                                  xiàguo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Three months ago it rained once, and since then
                                                it hasn't rained again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>More on “Again”: Up until now you've seen <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> “again” used in
                            sentences which did not express a completed event and <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yòu</foreignphrase> used in sentences
                            which did.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Míngtiān zài lái ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Come again tomorrow!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Òu, nǐ
                                                  yòu lái le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Oh, you've come again!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>But there are further qualifications on the use of “again” in Chinese.
                            While <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>
                            always refers to activities which have not yet occurred, that is future
                            activities or events, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >yòu</foreignphrase> is not totally limited to activities or events
                            which are completed or past. You may be used in present or future
                            situations if the thing being talked about is so certain that it may be
                            treated like something which has actually happened.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Míngtiān yòu shi Xīngqīyī
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>And tomorrow is Monday again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhè yòu
                                                  yào duōshao qián a?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>And how much money is needed again for
                                                this?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi
                                                  yìtiān yòu yào wán le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>And this day is about to end too. (Said at the
                                                end of a long busy day with many things left to
                                                do.)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài
                                                  wǒ yòu yǒu gōngzuò le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Now I have a job again.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №6</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>: “to
                            have an attack (of a disease), to have a recurrence of, to revert to (an
                            old habit)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yòu
                                                  fàn lǎo máobìng le, zhèjǐtiān hěn bu
                                                  shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>hat old problem of his is acting up again. He
                                                hasn't been feeling well the last few days.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shàngge
                                                  yuè tā fàn bìng le, xuěyā hǎo
                                                gāo!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Last month he had a recurrence; and his blood
                                                pressure was really high!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié fan
                                                  nǐde lǎo mǎobìng le, kuài qù shàng xué qu
                                                  ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Don't fall back into your old habit (of skipping
                                                school), get yourself to school.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàngbìng</foreignphrase>:
                            “heart disease”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Xīnzàng</foreignphrase> is “heart”.</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №7</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnjǐn</foreignphrase>: “in
                            a hurry”. This adverb means that someone decided to hurry up and start
                            doing something. It can often be translated as “to hurry up and”, or “to
                            rush to (do something)”. Here are some examples:<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàbiān
                                                  chū chēhuò le, nǐ gǎnjǐn qù
                                                  kànkan!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There's been a car accident over there, hurry up
                                                and go look!</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiǎn
                                                  xiàwǔ, tā zǒu le, zhōngwǔ wǒ gǎnjǐn péi ta qù chī
                                                  wǔfàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He was leaving this afternoon, so at noontime I
                                                hurried to go out to lunch with him.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài
                                                  jiǔdiǎn le, wǒ yào gǎnjǐn zǒu
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>It's almost nine o'clock. I have to hurry up and
                                                leave.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gǎnjǐn</foreignphrase> means
                            only that someone hurries to start the action. It does not mean that the
                            action is finished quickly. For example, to say “He made dinner in a
                            hurry, so it didn't come out well”, meaning that he finished cooking it
                            in a very short time, you cannot use <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnjǐn</foreignphrase>; you could say
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐnwei tā zuò fàn zuòde
                                tài kuài, suǒyi zuòde bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā
                            lǎorénjiā</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Lǎorénjiǎ</foreignphrase> is a respectful way of referring to or
                            addressing old people. When addressing someone directly, it is almost
                            always preceded by <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >nǐ</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >nín</foreignphrase>, as in<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐngwèn
                                                  nín lǎorénjiā, dào Zhōngshān Lù zěnme
                                                  zǒu?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Excuse me, sir, how do I get to <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhōngshān</foreignphrase> Road?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                  lǎorénjiā, zuìjìn zěnmeyàng? Shēntǐ hǎo
                                                  ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How have you been lately? Have you been in good
                                                health, I hope?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>A third party can be referred to as<foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> tā
                                lǎorénjiā</foreignphrase>:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  lǎorénjiā shuō le, zhèjiàn shì búbì jízhe
                                                  bàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He said that we don't need to be in a rush to do
                                                this.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi
                                                  tā lǎorénjiā soòg yidiǎn diǎnxin
                                                  lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I've come to give him some pastries.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  wènguo wǒ zǔfù le, tā lǎorénjia shuō míngnián
                                                  zánmen quánjiā qù
                                                Shànghǎi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I asked my grandfather, and he said our whole
                                                family is going to <foreignphrase
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase> next year.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>Here are two examples of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >lǎorénjia</foreignphrase> being used as a respectful word for “old
                                people”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Jǐntiān, liǎngwèi lāorénjia tánde hěn
                                                  gāoxìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Today those two (old people) had a very pleasant
                                                conversation.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Lǎorénjiamen dōu xǐhuan chī ruǎnde
                                                  dōngxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Older people like to eat soft foods.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>In Peking, the syllable <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >lǎo</foreignphrase> in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >lǎorénjia</foreignphrase> receives the heaviest stress of the three
                            syllables, and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jia</foreignphrase> is in the neutral tone.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sòng</foreignphrase>: “to
                            take (someone somewhere), to escort (someone somewhere), to see someone
                            off or out”. The basic meaning of this word is to accompany someone who
                            is leaving, but as you can see from the various translations given, song
                            can be used in a wide variety of circumstances. Here are some
                                examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù
                                                  bǎ kèren sòngdao dàmén
                                                wàitou.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I'm going to show the guests out the front
                                                door.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ sòng
                                                  ta huí jiā</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Escort her home, or Walk her home. or Take her
                                                home.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  míngtiān zǒu, wǒmen dào jīchǎng qu sòng
                                                  ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>She's leaving tomorrow and we're going to the
                                                airport to see her off.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ sòng
                                                  ta dào xuéxiào qu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I took him to school. (E.g., I drove him there or
                                                I walked there with him.)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>To specify that you are taking someone in a car, you can phrase your
                            sentence this way:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kāi
                                                  chē sòng ta dào xuéxiào
                                                qu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I drove her to school.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №8</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīngguò</foreignphrase>: You
                            have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jǐngguo</foreignphrase> meaning “to go thru”. Here it is used to
                            mean “though” in the sense of “by means of”. It can also be translated
                            as a “result of”, “after”, “through”, or “via”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  shēntǐ yìzhí bù hǎo, dànshi wǒ xiǎng jīngguò
                                                  yíduàn shíjiānde bǎoyǎng, kěnéng huì hǎo
                                                  yìdiǎn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His health has been bad all along, but I think
                                                after a short period of taking care of himself, he
                                                might get a little better.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguò
                                                  sāntiānde kǎolǜ, wǒ juédìng hé tā
                                                  jiēhūn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>After three days of consideration, I've decided
                                                to marry him.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīngguò
                                                  dàjiǎde nǔlì, zhèjiàn shìqing chénggōng
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>As a result of everyone's hard work, this matter
                                                has succeeded.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                  jìhua bìxū jīngguò tǎolùn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This plan must go through discussion.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jíjiù</foreignphrase>:
                            “emergency treatment; to administer emergency treatment, to receive
                            emergency treatment”. Notice that <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jíjiù</foreignphrase> can mean to give or
                            get emergency treatment.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                                colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                  yǐjīng shi jíjiùde dìsāntiān le, bù zhīdào yǒu
                                                  méiyou xīwàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Today is already the third day of emergency
                                                (intensive care) treatment. I don't know if there's
                                                any hope.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
                                                  chēzi yǐjīng wánle, rén zài
                                                jíjiù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His car is finished (totalled), and he himself is
                                                undergoing emergency treatment.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāngcái
                                                  chū chēhuò, yǒu jǐge rén shòushāng le, yīshēng
                                                  zhèngzài jíjiù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There's just been a car accident, and several
                                                people were injured. The doctor is administering
                                                first-aid.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jíjiù</foreignphrase> refers
                            only to aid given in incidents of a relatively serious nature, usually
                            those where life is in danger; for example, cases of severe injury or
                            acute attacks of an illness.</para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùguolai</foreignphrase>:
                            “to save”, literally “to save over”. The directional verb ending guòlai
                            “over” sometimes shows the recovery of an original desirable or normal
                            state. For example, in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >jiùguolai</foreignphrase> it implies the change from a condition in
                            which death is imminent to one in which the patient can be expected to
                                live.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàren
                                                  qíngkuàng hai hǎo, háizi jiùbuguòlai
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The adult's condition is all right, but the child
                                                cannot be saved.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                  jùzi xiěcuò le, wǒ yào bǎ ta
                                                  gǎiguolai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This sentence is wrong, I have to correct
                                                it.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                  dìzhǐ xiěde bú duì, nín děi
                                                  gǎiguolai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>This address is wrong, you have to correct
                                                it.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò
                                                  huǒchē zuòle sāntiān lèihuài le, yào shuì yídà
                                                  jiào cái néng xiūxiguolai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>After three days on the train, I'm exhausted.
                                                I'll have to have a good long sleep before I can be
                                                well rested.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shàngwù
                                                  mángle sìwǔge zhòngtou zhōngwǔ shuì ge wǔjiào, rén
                                                  jiù xiūxiguolai le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>In the morning I ran around for four or five
                                                hours, but then after a nap at noon, I felt very
                                                rested.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiān
                                                  tài lěng, hē kǒu jiǔ jiù nuǎnhuoguolai
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>The weather is too cold, a sip of wine will warm
                                                you up.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  hǎoxiàng bìng le, chuān zhènme duō yīfu dōu méi
                                                  bànfǎ nuǎnhuoguolai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I seem to be sick, I've got on all these clothes
                                                and I still can't get warm.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №9</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎozhòng</foreignphrase>:
                            “to take care of oneself, to take care of (one's health)”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎohǎo
                                                  bǎozhòng shēntǐ, bié lèihuài
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Take good care of your health, don't wear
                                                yourself out.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>In telling someone be sure to take to care of himself, <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎozhòng</foreignphrase> is usually
                            preceded by <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >duō</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >duōduō</foreignphrase> “more (than usual)”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yílù
                                                  píng'ān, duō bǎozhòng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Have a good trip, and take good care of
                                                yourself.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
                                                  bìng gāng hǎo, duōduō
                                                bǎozhòng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>You just got over your illness, take real good
                                                care of yourself.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №10</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòqu</foreignphrase>: “to
                            pass away”. Like English “pass away”, this is a euphemism for “to
                                die”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
                                                  zǔfù zuótiān wǎnshang guòqu
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>His grandfather passed away last night.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
                                                  mùqin shi shénme shíhou
                                                guòqude?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>When did your mother pass away?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  mǔqin guòqude shíhou, wǒ hái hěn
                                                  xiǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>I was still very young when my mother passed
                                                away.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánji</foreignphrase>: “(a
                            person's) age”. Here are some frequently used patterns you should learn
                            by heart:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nín duó
                                                  dà niánji le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>How old are you? (polite way of asking an adult's
                                                age)</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  niánji bù xiǎo le. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>She's not young any more.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  niánji dà le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>OR</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  shàngle niánji le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He's getting on in years</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>[Although the adjectival verb dà “to be big” is used after
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánji</foreignphrase> to
                            mean “to be old”, when you want to say “to be young”, you should use the
                            adjectival verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >qīng</foreignphrase> “to be light” rather than <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo</foreignphrase> “to be small”; for
                            example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā niánji hái qīng,
                                bù yīnggāi ràng ta qù gōngzuò</foreignphrase>, “He's still young,
                            you shouldn't make him go get a job.”]</para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №11</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngjìng</foreignphrase>:
                            “to be calm”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >Píngjìngxiàlai</foreignphrase>, “to calm down”.<informaltable
                                frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Shuǐshàng yìzhī chuán dōu méiyou, yě méiyou fēng,
                                                  hěn píngjìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>There wasn't a single boat on the water, and
                                                there was no wind. It was very calm.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kànjian
                                                  jiāli rén dōu hěn hǎo, xīnli píngjìngdeduō
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>When I saw that everyone in the family was all
                                                right, I felt much calmer.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para>As in the last example above, <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pingjìng</foreignphrase> is often used
                            with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnli</foreignphrase> “in
                            the heart” to describe one's emotional state.<informaltable frame="none"
                                rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                  tā hěn shēngqì, wǒ méi bànfa ràng ta
                                                  píngjìngxiàlai.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>He got very angry today and there was no way I
                                                could get him to calm down.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Notes on №12</title>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi néng</foreignphrase>:
                            “was not able to”. Here you see the auxiliary verb <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">néng</foreignphrase> used with the
                            negative <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>.
                            You have learned that state verbs (auxiliary verbs are one type of state
                            verbs) are negated with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                >bù</foreignphrase>, (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù
                                hǎo</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù
                                zhīdao</foreignphrase>) not with <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase>. Here, however, you
                            see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi néng</foreignphrase>
                            instead of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù
                                néng</foreignphrase>. This is an exception to the rule that all
                            state verbs are always negated with <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù</foreignphrase>. Actually, either
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù néng</foreignphrase> or
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi néng</foreignphrase>
                            would be acceptable in this sentence. Some speakers, however, feel that
                            there is a subtle difference between <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù néng</foreignphrase> and
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi néng</foreignphrase>
                            when referring to an event in the past. For example, one can say
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān méi néng
                                qù</foreignphrase> as well as <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān bù néng qù</foreignphrase>.
                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān méi néng
                                qù</foreignphrase> hints at the fact that there was a failure to
                            attain the state of being able to go, whereas <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān bù néng qù</foreignphrase>
                            merely describes the state of being unable to go, without making any
                            implications about failure (to attain the state of being able to go).
                            Such a subtle difference in implication may make very little difference
                            in the actual import of a sentence in some contexts, although in other
                            contexts it may be of some significance. (For the first example
                            sentence, you need to know that <foreignphrase
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mìmi</foreignphrase> means
                                “secret”.)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān
                                                  nǐ wèn wo, wǒ bù néng gàosu ni, yīnwei zhè shi
                                                  mìmi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Yesterday when you asked me, I couldn't tell you,
                                                because it's a secret.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zuótiān, nǐ wèn wo, wǒ méi néng gàosu ni, yīnwei
                                                  Zhāng Sān zhàn zai pángbiān, wǒ bù xiǎng ràng ta
                                                  zhīdao.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>Yesterday when you asked me, I couldn't tell you,
                                                because <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhāng Sān</foreignphrase> was standing there, and
                                                I didn't want to let him know about it.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnhuilai</foreignphrase>:
                            “to rush back”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                    <tbody>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōu
                                                  liùdiǎn zhōng le, wǒ xiǎng tā dàgài gǎnbuhuílai
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>It's six o'clock already, I think she probably
                                                won't make it back in time.</entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwǔ
                                                  wǔdiǎn zhōng, wǒmen yǒu ge huì, nǐ gǎndehuílai
                                                  gǎnbuhuílai?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry/>
                                        </row>
                                        <row>
                                            <entry>At five in the afternoon we have a meeting. Can
                                                you make it back in?</entry>
                                        </row>
                                    </tbody>
                                </tgroup>
                            </informaltable></para>
                    </section>
                    <section>
                        <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                        <para>A woman goes to visit her friend after hearing of her father's
                            death:</para>
                        <para/>
                    </section>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on part 2</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №13</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ chángtú
                            diànhuà</foreignphrase>: “to make a long-distance telephone
                            call”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng nǐmen
                                                shēngyin xiǎo yídiǎn, wǒ zài dǎ chángtú diànhuà
                                                ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Would you all be a little quieter, please? I'm making
                                            a long-distance call!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>You saw in the Post Office-Telephone Module that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase> can also be used with
                        the meaning “a telephone call” as in <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu nǐde diànhuà</foreignphrase>, “There's a
                        telephone call for you”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chángtú
                            diànhuà</foreignphrase> can be used in the same way:<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wèi! Xiǎo
                                                Sānr! Yǒu nǐde chángtú
                                            diànhuà!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                Sānr!</foreignphrase> There's a long-distance phone
                                            call for you!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>In the Meeting Module you saw the expression <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lái diànhuà</foreignphrase> “a telephone call
                        is received” or “make a telephone call here”. Here is <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángtú diànhuà</foreignphrase> used in the
                        same pattern:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                zǎoshàng yǒu rén gěi ni lái chángtú diànhuà le, nǐ
                                                bú zài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This morning someone called long- distance for you,
                                            but you weren't here.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №14</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòshì</foreignphrase>: “to pass
                        away, to die”. You have now seen “to die” expressed three different ways:
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòqu</foreignphrase>,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qùshì</foreignphrase>, and
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòshì</foreignphrase>. All
                        may be used in conversation, although <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòqu</foreignphrase> is probably the most
                        common.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №15</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāngxīn</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally, “to wound the heart”. “To be grieved, to be hurt, to be sad, to
                        be broken-hearted”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                zhènme shāngxīn, wèishénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Why is he so broken-hearted?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>B: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                nǚpengyou zǒu le, zěnme néng bù
                                                shāngxǐn?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>His girlfriend left, how can he not be
                                            broken-hearted?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen jiāde
                                                gǒu sǐle, wǒ shāngxīnle hǎo cháng
                                                shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>After the family dog died, I was broken-hearted for a
                                            real long time.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàme hǎode
                                                yíge háizi sǐle, zhēn ràng rén
                                                shāngxǐn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It really grieves one for such a good child to
                                            die.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №16</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángshòu</foreignphrase>: “long
                        life, longevity; to live a long life”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yào xiǎng
                                                chángshòu, jiù bù yīnggāi dūo hē
                                                jiu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>If you want to live a long life, you shouldn't drink
                                            excessively.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běifāng
                                                chángshòude rén bǐ Nánfāng
                                            duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There are more people who live long in the North than
                                            in the South.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №17</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài shuō</foreignphrase>:
                        “furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides”. Often following a clause with
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài shuō</foreignphrase>, one
                        of the adverbs <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase>
                        “also” or you “also” is used.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A:
                                                Zěnmeyàng? Jīntiān nǐ néng lái
                                            ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How about it? Can you come today?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B:
                                                Zhèiliǎngtiān xià xuě, wǒ gǎnmào le, tiānqi yòu
                                                zhènme bù hǎo, zài shuō háizi tài xiǎo, bǎ tā yíge
                                                rén fàngzai jiāli, wǒ bú fàngxīn. Gǎitiān, wǒ yídìng
                                                lái, hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's snowed these two days, and I caught a cold, and
                                            the weather is so bad. Moreover the child is too small
                                            to leave alone at home. I would worry. I'll come for
                                            sure another day, okay?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hěn
                                                nénggàn, zài shuō yòu nàme piàoliang, nǐ jiù tóngyì
                                                le ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She's very capable, and what's more, she's so
                                            beautiful too. So you will agree (to marry her), won't
                                            you? (said by a matchmaker to a young man)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A: Wō děng
                                                ni bàntiān le, wǒ yào hé ni tán
                                                yixia.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I've been waiting for you for ages. I want to have a
                                            talk with you.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B: Wǒ gāng
                                                xià kè. Zài shuō wǒ hái méi chī fàn ne! Gǎitiān zài
                                                shuō ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I just got out of class. And furthermore I haven't
                                            eaten yet! Let's talk some other day!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №18</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánguò</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        sad, to be distressed, to feel bad”. This adjectival verb can be used to
                        refer to either physical or emotional distress.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yīshēng
                                                shuō tā mǔqinde bìng hěn lìhai, wǒmen dōu hěn
                                                nánguò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The doctor said his mother's illness was very
                                            serious, and we were all very sad.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān tā
                                                chīle hǎo duō shēngcài, xiànzài dùzili nánguò
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He ate a lot of raw vegetables today, so now his
                                            stomach hurts (he feels bad) .</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié nánguò
                                                le, rén yǐjīng sǐle nánguò yě méiyou yòng
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't be sad, he's already dead, and it's no use
                                            being sad.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                Sòng Lǎoshī hěn nánguò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Teacher <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Sòng</foreignphrase> is very sad today.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Wángde
                                                jiāli yǒu nàme duō máfan. Zhēn ràng rén
                                                nánguò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>There's so much trouble in <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐao
                                            Wáng</foreignphrase>'s family, it really makes a person
                                            sad.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №19</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">běnlái</foreignphrase>:
                        “originally, at first, in the first place”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běnlái wǒ
                                                xiǎng jǐntiān xiàwu qù kàn diànyǐng. Hòulái tīngshuō
                                                kāi huì. Suànle, wǒ yǐhòu zài qù
                                            ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Originally I wanted to go see a movie this afternoon.
                                            Later I heard there was a meeting. So I'll forget it and
                                            go another time.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běnlái wǒ
                                                jīntiān qù Guangzhou, tiānqì bù hǎo, dàgài děi
                                                míngtiān cái néng zǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Originally I was going to Canton today, but the
                                            weather is bad so I'll probably have to wait until
                                            tomorrow before X can leave.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíbèizi</foreignphrase>: “all
                        one's life, in one's (whole) life, throughout one's life, as long as one
                        lives, a lifetime”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèngfù
                                                bāng tā bǎ zài wàiguōde qián zhǎohuilai le. Tā
                                                yíbèizi yě méiyou jiànguo zhènme duō qián, hǎo
                                                gāoxìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The government helped her get back money she had
                                            outside the country. She had never seen so much money in
                                            her whole life. She was really happy.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yǒu
                                                sānge érzi, wèi zhèi sānge érzi mángle yíbèizi.
                                                Xiànzài lǎole, gāi xiūxi xiūxi
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>She has three sons and for these three sons she was
                                            busy her whole life. Now she is old and should take it
                                            easy.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbiān</foreignphrase>: “at/by
                        one's side; (have something) on one, with one”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yǒu yíge
                                                háizi zài nóngcūn, yíge háizi zài
                                                shēnbiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I have one child out in the country and one child
                                            here with me.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rúguo tā
                                                shēnbiān yǒu hǎo jǐge háizi jiù méiyou bànfǎ chūlai
                                                gōngzuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>If she has several children at her feet, then she
                                            just can't go out and work.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №20</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàgē</foreignphrase>; “oldest
                        brother”. Remember that “older brother” is <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēge</foreignphrase>, but the oldest of
                        several children is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dàgē</foreignphrase>. In addition <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàgē</foreignphrase> can be used between men
                        to show a friendly relationship of unequal status.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qùbuliǎo</foreignphrase>:
                        “cannot go”. This is a compound verb or result, like <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kànbujian</foreignphrase> “cannot see” or
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chībubǎo</foreignphrase>
                        “cannot eat one's fill”. The ending -liǎo is in compounds of potential
                        result (those with -de- or -bu- between the main verb and the resultative
                        ending) with the meaning of “be able to”. You may be thinking (and rightly
                        so) that this is just the meaning added by the use of -<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase>- or -<foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bu</foreignphrase>-. This has led some people
                        to label -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎo</foreignphrase> as
                        a “dummy” resultative ending since it does not seem to add any additional
                        information like other more specific endings do (e.g. wan
                            “finish”).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wàimian
                                                shēngyīn hǎo dà. Shízài shuìbuliǎo
                                                jiào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>It's so noisy outside. I really can't sleep at
                                            all.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                tíng diàn, kànbuliǎo
                                            diǎnyǐngr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Today they're turning off the electricity, so we
                                            can't watch the movie.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zuìjìn
                                                dùzi bù shūfu, chībuliǎo
                                            shēngcài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>My stomach has been uncomfortable lately, I can't eat
                                            lettuce.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhènme duō
                                                cài, chībuliǎo le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>So many dishes, we won't be able to eat them!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwu wǒ
                                                yǒu shì, qùbuliǎo túshūguǎnle, míngtiān zài shuō
                                                ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This afternoon I'm busy, I can't go to the library,
                                            let's talk about it tomorrow.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiǔdiǎn
                                                zhōng xià bān, jīntiān wǎnhuì nǐ qùdeliǎo
                                                qubuliǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You get off work at 9:00, can you go to the evening
                                            meeting?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ bú yào
                                                dāo jīchǎng lái sòng wo, nǐ yì kū wǒ jiù zōubuliǎo
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Don't come to the airport to see me off; as soon as
                                            you start to cry, I won't be able to leave.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №21</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānglái</foreignphrase>: “in
                        the future”. Like other time words, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānglai</foreignphrase> can be used between
                        the subject and the verb, or at the front of the sentence before the
                            subject.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiānglái
                                                ZhōngMěi guānxi yuè lái yuè hǎo, wǒmen zài Měiguo
                                                jiù bǐjiào róngyi mǎidào Zhōngguode
                                                dōngxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>In the future as Sino-American relations get better
                                            and better, it will be easier for us to buy Chinese
                                            goods in America.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jiānglái
                                                yào dào Shànghǎi lǐngshìguān qù
                                                gōngzuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>In the future I want to work in the consulate in
                                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase>.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №23</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ānxīn</foreignphrase>: “to feel
                        at ease, to set one's mind at ease, to be at peace; to keep one's mind (on
                            something)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                xiānshēng nǔlì zuò shì, tā keyi ānxīn dú
                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>With her husband working hard at his Job, she could
                                            keep her mind on her studying.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hāizi
                                                gōngzuòde hěn hāo, wǒ yě jiù ānxīn
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>My child is doing well at work, and I can now feel at
                                            ease.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Note on №24</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìngqiě</foreignphrase>:
                        “furthermore, moreover, and, besides”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào bā
                                                gōngzuò zuò hǎo, bìngqiě yào bā Zhōngwén
                                                xuéhǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I want to do a good job at work and do a good job
                                            studying Chinese.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige
                                                hāizi hěn nùlì bìngqiě hěn
                                            cōngmīng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This child is very industrious and intelligent
                                            too.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jìhua
                                                zhèige xīngqī bǎ zhèipiān wénzhāng xiěwán, bìngqiě
                                                fānyicheng Zhōngwén.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I plan to finish writing this essay this week and
                                            furthermore translate it into Chinese.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para>After the funeral of an elderly man who came to Taiwan from the mainland,
                        a friend comes to visit the family:</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>

            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Unit Vocabulary List</title><para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ānxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">安心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be without worry, to feel at ease to feel relieved
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">běnlái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">本来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		originally
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìngqiě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">并且</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		moreover, and
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cānjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">参加</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to take part in; to attend
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángshòu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">长寿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		long life, longevity; to live a long time
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūchāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出差</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be out of town on business
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ chángtū diànhuà</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大长途电话</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to make a long-distance phone call
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàgē</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大哥</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		oldest brother
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàosāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吊嗓</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to present one’s condolences at a funeral, to attend a funeral
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érnǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">儿女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		children
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">犯</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to have an attack (of an old disease)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎndeshàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干得上</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be able to catch up, to be able to make it in time
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnhuilai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">赶回来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to rush back
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnjīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">赶紧</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quickly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǔhuī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨灰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bone ashes
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòqu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过去</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过世</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to cremate; cremation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūrǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">忽然</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		suddenly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānglái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">将来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the future, someday
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jíjiù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">急救</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		first aid; to administer emergency treatment
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùguolai </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">就过来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to save
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎorénjiā </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老人家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		polite way of addressing or referring to an old person (nǐ lǎorénjiā, tā lǎorénjiā)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-liǎo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 can, to be able to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">难过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be sad 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánji (niánjì)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">年纪</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		age
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngjìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">平静</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be calm
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qubuliǎo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去不了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		cannot go
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qùshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去世</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānglǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丧礼</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāngxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">伤心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be grieved, to be sorrowful, to be heartbroken
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbiān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身边</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		one’s vicinity, one’s immediate surroundings
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sòng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to escort, to take (someone to a place)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāoxi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">消息</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 news
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		heart
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàngbìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏病</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		heart disease
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíbèizi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一辈子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		all one’s life
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiang</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一向</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(have) always, (had) always, consistently, all along
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">再说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		furthermore, besides
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to bury
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuìjìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">最近</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		recently; soon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǔmǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">祖母</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		grandmother (on the father’s side)
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Unit 6</title>
        <section>
            <title>Part 1</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 1</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №1</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">māma</foreignphrase>: “mother,
                        mom” Although this can he used as a term of address, like English “Mom” or
                        “Mommy”, it can also he used in informal conversation to refer to one's own
                        or someone else's mother, as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ
                            māma</foreignphrase> “my mother”, or <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā māma</foreignphrase> “his mother”. For the
                        term of direct address “Mom”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Mā</foreignphrase> is probably more commonly used than <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Māma</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ māma
                                                shàng bān qu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>My mother has left for work.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwù, Māma
                                                jiù zuò huǒche lāi kàn wǒ
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This afternoon, Mom came hy train to visit
                                            me.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sǐ</foreignphrase>: “to die”
                        This is a process verb, like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >bìng</foreignphrase> “to become ill, to get sick”, and therefore
                        corresponds more closely to the English “to become dead” than it does “to be
                        dead”. In English one can talk about a person who has a terminal illness,
                        saying “He is dying”, but this does not translate directly into Chinese. In
                        Chinese one can say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā kuài (yào)
                            sǐle</foreignphrase>, “He is about to die,” or <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā huòbuliǎo duó jiù le</foreignphrase>, “He
                        won't live much longer.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tīngshuō
                                                Lǎo Liùde fùqin sǐ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I heard that <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Liù</foreignphrase>'s
                                            father has died.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sǐ</foreignphrase> can be used
                        directly before a noun as an adjective, meaning “dead”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shi sǐde</foreignphrase> may be used to mean
                        “is dead”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhè shi
                                                yìtiāo sǐ yú.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This is a dead fish.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèitiáo yú
                                                shi sǐde.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This fish is (a) dead (one).</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №2</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì fǒu</foreignphrase>: “is it
                        (true) or isn't it (true that) ...” This phrase is a more formal-sounding
                        equivalent of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì bu
                            shi</foreignphrase>; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >fǒu</foreignphrase> in literary Chinese means “or not”. In spoken
                        Standard Chinese, the use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì
                            fǒu</foreignphrase> is more restricted than <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shi bu shi</foreignphrase>. First of all,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì fǒu</foreignphrase> has a
                        more educated, formal ring to it than <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì bu shi</foreignphrase>. Secondly,
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì fǒu</foreignphrase> is
                        usually used only before another verbal expression, as in the following
                            examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèzhǒng
                                                tiān shì fǒu huì xià yù?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Is (this weather) going to rain?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián
                                                dōngtiān, nǐ shì fǒu xiǎng dào Màiāmì
                                                qu?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Are you hoping to go to Miami this winter?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shì fǒu
                                                zhùnbèi ànzhao zhège jìhua qù
                                            zuò?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Are you planning to act according to this
                                            plan?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi
                                                xiǎngyixiǎng, nǐ duì zhège rén shì fǒu
                                                liǎojiě.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You ought to think about whether you understand this
                                            person or not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ niánji
                                                bù xiǎo le, nǐ shì fǒu kǎolüguo jiéhūnde
                                                wèntí?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You're not young anymore, have you considered the
                                            question of marriage?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián,
                                                nǐmen xuéxiàode xuéshēng shì fǒu zēngjiā
                                                le?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This year did the (number of) students in your school
                                            increase?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù
                                                zhīdào wǒde yìjian shì fǒu néng dédao
                                                tóngyì.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I don't know whether my opinion will be agreed with
                                            or not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng
                                                dōngxi zài zhèli shì fǒu
                                            mǎidedāo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Can this sort of thing be bought here?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №3</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chū bìn</foreignphrase>: “to
                        transport the coffin to the burial place or to the tomb”. Literally, this
                        means “take out the coffin”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liújiā
                                                míngtiān chū bin. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The Liú's have the funeral procession
                                            tomorrow.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān,
                                                Liú Xiānsheng gěi tā fùqin chūle bin yǐhòu, huí jiā
                                                jiù bìng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Yesterday, after Mr. <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liú</foreignphrase>
                                            accompanied his father's coffin to the cemetery he went
                                            home and then got sick.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №4</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guīju</foreignphrase>: “fixed
                        standards of conduct, regulations, or customs”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ànzhao
                                                Zhōngguode guīju, gěi sǐrén chūle bìn yǐhòu hái yào
                                                zuò shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>According to Chinese custom, after accompanying the
                                            coffin of the deceased to the cemetery, what else should
                                            be done?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kèren lái
                                                le, zài máng yě yào hē bēi chá, zhè shi wǒmende
                                                guīju.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When a guest comes, no matter how busy he is, he
                                            should have a cup a cup of tea. This is our
                                            custom.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu guīju</foreignphrase> means
                        “to have manners”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège háizi
                                                bù dǒng shì, méi guīju, zhēn ràng rén bù hǎo
                                                yìsi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This child does not understand about things, he has
                                            no manners. It really embarrasses a person.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wángjiāde
                                                lǎodā zhǎngde hǎokàn, yoò yǒu guīju, zhēn
                                                hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Wáng</foreignphrase>'s oldest son is good looking
                                            and he is well mannered. He's really great.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guīju</foreignphrase> as an
                        adjectival verb means “to be proper, to be correct (of a
                            person)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Wangde
                                                nǚér rén hěn guīju.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo
                                                Wáng</foreignphrase>'s daughter is very
                                            proper.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №5</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase>: Some of the
                        uses of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> do not
                        correspond to “all”. “All” in English is often described as “collective”,
                        that is, referring to all the members in a group. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōu</foreignphrase> in Chinese is often
                        described as “distributive”, that is referring to the members of a group as
                        individuals. This usage sometimes is translated as “each”. Notice that in
                        the Reference List sentence <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dōu</foreignphrase> in combination with <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìbān</foreignphrase> and another noun
                        produces this meaning.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hěn duō
                                                Zhōngguo rén dàole Měiguo dōu xiǎng niàn
                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A lot of Chinese want to study after they get to the
                                            United States.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qiánjǐnián,
                                                xǔduō xuéshēng bìyè yǐhōu dōu dào nóngcūn qu
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Several years ago many students went to the
                                            countryside after they graduated.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yìbān
                                                Zhōngguo rén dōu juéde xué Yīngwén bǐ xué Zhōngwén
                                                nán.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The average Chinese thinks that English is harder to
                                            learn than Chinese.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnlián</foreignphrase>:
                        “funeral scroll, scroll of condolence”, literally “elegiac-couplet”.
                            [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lián</foreignphrase> is short
                        for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duìlián</foreignphrase> “a
                        written or inscribed couplet (pair of parallel sentences)“.] Traditionally,
                        white cloth scrolls in one to three strips were written for the deceased by
                        friends. More recently a new practice has developed which is to send scrolls
                        or wreaths bearing one character: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >diàn</foreignphrase>, “to sacrifice.” Sending flowers has been brought
                        in by Western custom.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwǔ wǒ
                                                dào Liújiā qu, nǐ gěi xiě ge wǎnliàn hǎo bu
                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This afternoon I'm going to the <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liú</foreignphrase>'s,
                                            could you write a funeral scroll for them?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huò</foreignphrase>: “or”. You
                        have learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >huòshi</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >huòzhě</foreignphrase> for “or”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huō</foreignphrase> is a more literary
                        variant, but it can still be heard in conversation.<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān
                                                wǎnshang huò míngtiān wǎnshang nǐ dào wǒ zhèli lái
                                                yítàng hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Come over to my house tonight or tomorrow night,
                                            okay?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huāquān</foreignphrase>: “flower
                        wreath”, literally “flower circle”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng
                                                mǎi ge huāquān gěi Liújiā
                                            sōngqu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I want to buy a flower wreath to send to the
                                            Liú's.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №6</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǎnzhèng</foreignphrase>:
                        “anyway, anyhow, either way, in any case, all the same”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fǎnzhèng</foreignphrase> may come either
                        before or after the subject of the sentence.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jí
                                                shenme, fǎnzhèng gǎnbushàng kāi huì le, mànmàn zǒu
                                                ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>What are you so anxious for, we won't make it in time
                                            for the meeting anyway, so let's just take our
                                            time!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fǎnzhèng wǒ
                                                bù mǎi, méi qián méi guānxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm not going to buy it anyway, so it doesn't matter
                                            that I don't have any money.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fǎnzhèng
                                                méi shì, wǒmen jiù tántan zhèige wèntí
                                                ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I don't have anything to do anyway, so let's talk
                                            about this.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fǎnzhèng wǒ
                                                yào qù, nǐ bú qù yě kéyi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm going anyway; it's okay if you don't go or It's
                                            okay if you don't go; anyway, I'm going.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fǎnzhèng</foreignphrase> is
                        often prefaced by a clause beginning with <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù guǎn</foreignphrase> “no matter
                            whether...”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù guǎn nǐ
                                                qù bu qù, fǎnzhèng wǒ yào
                                            qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>No matter whether you go or not, I'm going
                                            anyway.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №7</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rúhé</foreignphrase>: “how; how
                        about; in what way”. This is a literary word which means about the same as
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zěnmeyàng</foreignphrase>. In
                        a more plain, colloquial style, the Reference List sentence could also be
                        said as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen qù mǎi yige huāquān
                            zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase> Spoken Standard Chinese draws more on the
                        written style in an area like Taiwan, where a majority of the population
                        learn Standard Chinese in school, rather than at home. A speaker from Peking
                        might consider <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen mǎi yige
                            huāquān rúhé</foreignphrase> to sound a little stiff and unnatural. You
                        should be able to understand <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >rúhé</foreignphrase>, but use it yourself only in speaking with people
                        who use it, or in writing.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Míngtiān
                                                Lǎo Zhāng qǐng wǒmen dǎjiā chī fàn, nǐ juéde
                                                rúhá?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Tomorrow Lǎo Zhāng has invited all of us to eat, what
                                            do you think?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèjiàn
                                                shìde jiéguǒ rúhé?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>What was the outcome of this matter?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">”Jiào wǒ
                                                rúhé bù xiǎng ta?”</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>“(it makes me so that) How could I not miss her?”
                                            (name of famous popular song of the 30's)</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №8</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huā</foreignphrase>: “to be
                            multicolored”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān tā
                                                chuānle yíjiàn huā yīfu, hǎo
                                                piàoliàng!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Today she's wearing a multicolored dress. It's
                                            gorgeous!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №9</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǎ néng ràng ni
                            pòfei</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Nǎ</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >nǎr</foreignphrase> (Peking) is used in rhetorical
                            questions.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi
                                                qián, nǎ néng jiēhūn!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He has no money, how can he get married?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Yéye
                                                nali nǎ(r) néng nàme shuō
                                            huà!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How can you talk like that in front of
                                            Grandpa?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi
                                                wǒmen jiāde rén, nǎ(r) néng bú ràng ni zhīdao zánmen
                                                jiāde shì ne?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You're family, how could we not let you know what's
                                            going on in our family?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ shuōde
                                                shi jǐbǎiniánqiánde shì, nà shíhoude Měiguo nǎ(r)
                                                yǒu shenme chéngshì!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm talking about something several hundred years
                                            ago, how could America have had any cities at that
                                            time?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">A: Wǒ nǎ(r)
                                                míngbai!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Like heck I understand!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">B: Nǐ nàme
                                                cōngmingde rén, nǎ(r) huì bù
                                                míngbai!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You're such a smart person, how could you not
                                            understand?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn,
                                                nǎ(r) yǒu zhèyang bàn shìde, bù jīngguò jūmín
                                                wěiyuánhuì, jiù xiǎng shēng háizi, nǎ nǎ(r)
                                                xíng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Look, how can you go about things like this? You want
                                            to have a child without going through your neighborhood
                                            committee, how can that be okay?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā yìzhí
                                                zǎi chéngli zhùzhe, nǎ(r) dàoguo nóngcūn
                                                ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>When has he ever been to the countryside! He's always
                                            lived in the city!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>A: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Zěnmeyàng? Xiǎo Zhāng kuǎi jiēhūn le
                                                ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>How's it going? Is <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
                                                Zhāng</foreignphrase> going to get married
                                            soon?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>B: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǎr a!
                                                Nǚjiā fùmǔ bú yuǎnyi , máfan dà
                                            le!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You must be kidding! The girl's parents don't want
                                            it. There's a lot of trouble.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №10</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù shi le</foreignphrase>: This
                        phrase is used at the end of a sentence to mean “...that's all”. It can have
                        several different implications, depending on the context:</para>
                    <orderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>“Don't worry, this matter can simply be taken care of like this.”
                                (something is virtually taken care of)</para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  yòu wàngle bǎ shū dàilai, búguǒ wǒ yídìng jiègei
                                                  ni jiù shi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I forgot to bring the book again, but I'm
                                                  going to lend it to you for sure, don't
                                                  worry.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
                                                  zhào nín shuōde bàn jiù shi
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I'll simply do as you say.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Děng yixià gěi ni bàn jiù shi le, nǐ jí
                                                  shenme!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>I'll take care of it for you in a moment,
                                                  don't worry, why are you so anxious?</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Ànzhao zhège jìhua zuò jiù shi le, yǒu shénme hǎo
                                                  tánde?!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>Do it according to this plan and that's all
                                                  there is to it! What else is there to
                                                  discuss?</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>“Only, just this, nothing more than this”.</para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Zhèliǎngge háizi chàbuduō, búguǒ Lǎo Dà cōngming
                                                  yidiǎnr jiù shi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>These two children are about the same, but
                                                  the older one is a little more intelligent, that's
                                                  all.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
                                                  lái, méiyou shénme shi, búguǒ xiǎng yào nàběn shū
                                                  jiù shi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>When he came he wasn't up to anything
                                                  special, he just wanted that book, that's
                                                  all.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>“ that's all that can be done about it.”</para>
                            <para>
                                <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                                    <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                        <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                        <tbody>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  >Fǎnzhèng wǒ gēn ni shuōguo jiù shi
                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry/>
                                            </row>
                                            <row>
                                                <entry>In any case, I've told you, and that's all I
                                                  can do.</entry>
                                            </row>
                                        </tbody>
                                    </tgroup>
                                </informaltable>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </orderedlist>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №11</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐ yào</foreignphrase>: “as
                        long as, so long as, if only”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhǐ yào wǒ
                                                jīntiān wǎnshang yǒu kòng, jiù kéyi bǎ zhèběn shū
                                                kànwán.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>As long as I have time tonight, I can finish reading
                                            this book.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para>dā: “to travel by, to take (a bus, car, train, boat, etc.)”<informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yě yào
                                                dào xuéxiào qu, dā nínde chē xíng bu
                                                xíng?</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I'm going to school too, can I get a ride with
                                            you?</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dācuòle
                                                chē, jiéguǒ pǎodao Běitóu qu
                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I got on the wrong bus, and ended up in
                                            Běitóu.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měitiān wǒ
                                                dā sìlù chē shàng bān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I take the Route 1 bus to work every day.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №12</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héqilai</foreignphrase>: “to
                        combine, to put together, to unite”. He is a verb meaning “to combine, to
                        put together, to unite, to merge”. You should learn to use he in the
                        following combinations: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hézai yìqǐ
                        </foreignphrase>“to combine (two or more things together)”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héqilai</foreignphrase> “to combine (forces),
                        to come together, to put together”, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héchéng</foreignphrase> “to combine into, to
                        merge into”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
                                                liǎngjiā héqilai mǎixiale zhè liùjiān
                                                fángzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Our two families bought these six rooms
                                            together.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèliāngge
                                                jùzi hécheng yíge, róngyi shuō
                                                yidiǎnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>If you combine these two sentences into one, it's
                                            easier to say.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèliāngbān
                                                hézai yìqǐ, zhǐ yǒu shíge xuéshēng, hái bú suàn tài
                                                duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>If these two classes are combined, there are only ten
                                            students; that's still not too many.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №13</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎode</foreignphrase>: “know”.
                        This is a synonym of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zhīdao</foreignphrase>, and can be used in most of the same ways that
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīdao</foreignphrase> can be
                        used. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎode</foreignphrase> is
                        not, however, commonly used in Peking; it is mostly used in southern
                        areas.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngmù</foreignphrase>: “public
                            cemetery”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāngcái tā
                                                yòu dào gōngmù qu le, gěi tā māma sòng yibǎ
                                                huā.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Just now she went to the cemetery again and left
                                            a-bunch of flowers (on her mother's grave).</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para>Two friends who work together at the Bank of Taiwan are having a
                        talk:</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Part 2</title>
            <section>
                <title>Reference List</title>
                <para/>
            </section>
            <section>
                <title>Reference Notes</title>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on Part 2</title>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №14</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènwéi</foreignphrase>: “to
                        think (that), to consider (that), to believe (that)”. This is a very common
                        verb used to express that someone has formed an opinion or made a judgment
                        about a person or thing.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ rènwéi
                                                zhè shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode
                                            wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I think this is a very important question.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bú
                                                rènwéi nǐ yīnggāi zuò zhèjiàn
                                            shi.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I don't think you should do this.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase>:
                        Literally “wind and water”, this means the geographical outlay of something
                        to be built, such as a grave or the foundation of a house. The traditional
                        Chinese science of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase>, or geomancy, is concerned with the good and
                        bad influences which the location of a grave or building are believed to
                        exert over a family and its descendants. In particular, the dead are
                        influenced by and able to influence the celestial bodies for the benefit of
                        the living. Each family, therefore, is naturally interested in arranging the
                        most auspicious placement for it's family grave.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège
                                                fángzide fēngshuǐ bù hǎo. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase> of this house is no
                                            good.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèlide
                                                fēngshuǐ bú cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase> here is pretty
                                            good.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №15</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǐsūn</foreignphrase>: “sons and
                        grandsons”, or used in a more general sense, “offspring descendants”. For
                        this example, you have to know that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huángdì</foreignphrase> means “the Yellow
                        Emperor”, a legendary ruler thought of as the father of Chinese
                            civilization.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguo
                                                rén dōu shi Huangdìde zǐsūn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The Chinese are all descendants of the Yellow
                                            Emperor.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hōudài</foreignphrase>:
                        “descendants, posterity, later generations”.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmende
                                                hōudài dōu yīnggāi jìzhu zhèijiàn
                                                shì!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Our descendants should all remember this!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méiyou
                                                hōudài.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>He is without descendants.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fādá</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        prosperous, to be flourishing; to be developed, to be well-developed”. For
                        the first example, you need to know that <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngshāngyè</foreignphrase> means “industry
                        and commerce”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguode
                                                gōngshāngyè fēichāng fādǎ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>America's industry and commerce are very
                                            developed.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiā
                                                rénjiā hěn fādǎ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This family is prosperous.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №16</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎngjiu</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        particular about, to be meticulous about, to pay attention to, to strive
                            for”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhège rén
                                                hěn jiǎngjiu chī, hěn jiǎngjiu
                                                chuān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>This person is particular about what he eats and what
                                            he wears.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige háizi
                                                tài jiǎngjiu chuān.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>That kid pays too much attention to what she
                                            wears.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎngjiu</foreignphrase> can
                        also mean “to be elegant”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmen jiāde
                                                jiāju zhēn jiǎngjiu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Your furniture is truly elegant.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guānniàn</foreignphrase>: “way
                        of thinking, concept, notion, view, sense (of), mentality
                            (of).”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo
                                                rénde guānniàn gēn Zhōngguo rénde guānniàn yǒude
                                                yíyàng, yǒude bù yíyàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Sometimes the American way of thinking and the
                                            Chinese way is the same, sometimes not.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn ba,
                                                zài guò jǐniān niánqīngrén yīnggāi wǎnliàn wǎnhūn
                                                jiù huì biàncheng yizhǒng
                                            guānniàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>You watch, in more few years, it will have become an
                                            accepted notion that young people should get involved
                                            late and marry late.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №17</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">míxìn</foreignphrase>: “to be
                        superstitious (about); superstition”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
                            colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shāngcháode
                                                shíhou Zhōngguo rén bǐjiào míxìn, xiànzài bǐjiào bù
                                                míxìn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>During the Shang Dynasty, the Chinese were relatively
                                            superstitious, now they aren't so much any more.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒude
                                                Zhōngguo rén míxìn fēngshuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Some Chinese are superstitious about
                                            fengshui.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǔzàng</foreignphrase>: “to bury
                        (a dead person)”, literally “ground-bury”. This word is used only in
                        contrast to other ways of disposing of a dead body, for example cremation or
                        burial at sea. [If no contrast with other forms of disposal is implied, then
                        the word for “to bury” is simply <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >zàng</foreignphrase> (for formal burials), <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mái</foreignphrase> (for informal burials),
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máizàng</foreignphrase>, or
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ānzàng</foreignphrase>
                        (literally “peacefully bury”, a respectful term).] <informaltable
                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Éguo rén
                                                shuōguo tāmen yào māizàng
                                            Měiguo.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The Russians said they wanted to bury
                                            Americans.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒzàng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        cremate; cremation”. In this word, you may think of <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zàng</foreignphrase> “to bury” as extended to
                        mean “to dispose of (a dead body)”. <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huǒ</foreignphrase> means “fire”.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №18</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídào</foreignphrase>:
                        “together”. You have already learned <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìqǐ</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíkuàir</foreignphrase> for “together”.
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yídào</foreignphrase> is
                        mostly used by speakers of southern Mandarin and is little used by
                            northerners.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàohuá hé
                                                tāde nǚpéngyou yídào kàn diànyǐngr qu
                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                >Yàohuā</foreignphrase> and his girlfriend went to
                                            see a movie.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Háizimen
                                                zài yídào wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The children are playing together.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №19</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàdōu</foreignphrase>: “for the
                        most part, mostly”. Another word with the same meaning which is probably
                        used by more people than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dàdōu</foreignphrase> is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >dàduō</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Yìndu
                                                rénmín dàdōu (or dàduō) xìn
                                                Yìndujiào.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>In India the people are mostly Hindu.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguo
                                                rén dàduō shi nóngmín.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Chinese for the most part are rural people.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒubì</foreignphrase>: “arm
                        (from the wrist to the shoulder)”. Other words for “arm” used in different
                        regions are <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbei</foreignphrase>
                        and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēbo</foreignphrase> (Peking
                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >gēbe</foreignphrase>).<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Lǐ
                                                gēbo shòule shāng, Xiǎo Wángde tuǐ yě shòule
                                                shang.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Xiǎo Lǐ was hurt in the arm, and also <foreignphrase
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Wáng</foreignphrase>
                                            was hurt in the leg.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāngcái, wǒ
                                                bù xiǎoxin pèngdaole ménshang, dào xiànzài shǒubì
                                                hái téng ne. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Just now I was careless and bumped into the door, and
                                            my arm still hurts now.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàixiào</foreignphrase>: “to
                        wear mourning”. Formerly, people wore certain types of clothes while in
                        mourning (sackcloth or white from head to foot). Nowadays, customs differ
                        widely, but some small item is usually still worn to indicate a death in the
                        family. These include a white flower in the hair, a coarse cloth patch on
                        the arm or in the hair, or a black armband.<informaltable frame="none"
                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā fùqin
                                                sǐle kuài sānnián le, tā hái dàixiào
                                                ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Her father has been dead for almost three years and
                                            she is still wearing mourning!</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №20</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cōnglái bù</foreignphrase>:
                        “never, never does...”. In the last unit, you saw the pattern <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái méi(you)</foreignphrase>, meaning
                        “have never...” or “had never...”. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >Cōnglái</foreignphrase> means “from the past up until now (it has
                        always been this way)”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ cōnglái
                                                bú yuànyi zǎoshang niàn shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>I never want to study in the morning. </entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huī</foreignphrase>: “to be
                            gray”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
                                                Zhōngguo dàduōshù rén dōu xǐhuan chuān lánsè hé
                                                huīsède yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>The great majority of people in China like to wear
                                            blue or gray clothing, </entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on №21</title>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānmíngbù</foreignphrase>:
                        “guest book”, literally, “sign-name record book”.</para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qián míng</foreignphrase>: “to
                        sign one's name”.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                <tbody>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni zài
                                                zhèli qiān míng.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry/>
                                    </row>
                                    <row>
                                        <entry>Please sign here.</entry>
                                    </row>
                                </tbody>
                            </tgroup>
                        </informaltable></para>
                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíguàn</foreignphrase>: “custom,
                        habit”. The definition of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xíguàn</foreignphrase> in a Chinese dictionary reads: “behavior,
                        tendency, or social practice cultivated over a long period of time, and
                        which is hard to change abruptly”. Compare this with <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngsú</foreignphrase> “custom”, which you
                        learned in Unit 1: “the sum total of etiquette, usual practices, etc.
                        adhered to over a long period of time in the development of society”.</para>
                    <para>Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >xíguàn</foreignphrase> may refer to the way of an individual or of a
                        community, whereas <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            >fēngsú</foreignphrase> only refers to the way of a community.</para>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Dialogue in Taipei</title>
                    <para>An American student attending Taiwan National University is talking with a
                        Chinese classmate and friend:</para>
                    <para/>
                </section>
                <section>
                    <title>Notes on the dialogue</title>
                    <para>Funeral procedures in the PRC today are very simple. In the interest of
                        sanitation (bodies might have some communicable disease) and economy (ground
                        burials are expensive and consume government agricultural land), deceased
                        city residents are required to be cremated. By government regulation the
                        immediate family is allowed two days of paid leave, <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sàng jià</foreignphrase>. The funeral
                        involves someone saying a few kind words about the deceased in the presence
                        of relatives and people from his work unit. Those present are dressed
                        plainly, bearing a white flower. Ashes are placed in carved wood or
                        porcelain boxes in a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǔhuī
                            cúnfàngchù</foreignphrase>, a building reserved for this purpose. It is
                        not necessary to give anything to the family of the deceased but people
                        sometimes give money or other small items. In the countryside, there might
                        be a large feast at the deceased's home. There is an attitude which says a
                        funeral is a time of gladness when the deceased enters the world of the
                        non-living. [A funeral is a “white joyous event,” <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bái xīshì</foreignphrase>. A wedding is a
                        “red event.” Together they are sometimes referred to as <foreignphrase
                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngbái xīshì</foreignphrase>, red and white
                        joyous events.]</para>
                </section>
            </section>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>Vocabulary</title><para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìnyíguǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">殡仪馆</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral home
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chū bìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出殡</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to hold a funeral procession
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái bù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来不</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		never
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái dōu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来都</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		always (in the past)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái méi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来没</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		have never
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		travel by, take (a taxi, bus, train, airplane, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàdōu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大都</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		for the most part
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài xiào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带孝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to wear mourning
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fādá</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发达</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be developed, to be prosperous
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǎnzhèng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">反正</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		anyway, in any case
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风水</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the Chinese science of geomancy (that is, the influence of landscape on people and their fortunes)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">该</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		should, ought to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngmù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公墓</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		public cemetery
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guānniàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">观念</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		concept, notion, view
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guīju</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">规矩</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		special customs, established rules
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héqilai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合起来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to combine, to join together
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòudài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">后代</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		descendants
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be multicolored
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huāquān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花圈</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		flower wreath
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">灰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be gray
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">或</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		or
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		cremation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎngjiu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">讲究</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be particular about; to be elegant, to be tasteful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jílè Bìnyíguǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">极乐殡仪馆</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Paradise Funeral Home (in Tapei)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù shì le</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">就是了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		..., that’s all
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">māma</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">妈妈</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		mother, mom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">míxin</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">迷信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be superstitious; superstition
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎ (náli, nǎr)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">那（那里，那儿）</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how (used in rhetorical questions to deny something)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiān míng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">签名</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to sign one’s name
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānmíngbù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">签名簿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		guest book
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènwéi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">认为</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to think that, to believe that
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rúhé</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">如何</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how, in what way; how (someone or something) is; how is it (literary form)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì fǒu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">是否</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		literary form meaning shi bu shi
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒubì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手臂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		arm
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">死</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǔzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">土葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		burial (the word used in contrast to cremation or burial at sea)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">挽联</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral scroll
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎode</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晓得</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to know
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíguàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">习惯</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		habit, custom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàngmíngshān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阳明山</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a mountain in suburban Taipei
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一道</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		together
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐ yào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">只要</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		as long as, if only
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǐsūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">子孙</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		descendants
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section>
        <title>Module Vocabulary</title>
        <para>
<informaltable frame="none" tabstyle="striped" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
  <tgroup cols="3">
    <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="2.0*"/>
    <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="4.0*"/>
    <tbody>

<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">唉</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(sound of sighing)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ānxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">安心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be without worry, to feel at ease to feel relieved
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-bàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">镑</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		pound (unit of weight)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎobao (bǎobǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">宝宝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		baby, darling (term of endearment for a young child)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">běnlái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">本来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		originally
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐcǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">彼此</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		each other, mutually; you too, the same to you
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǐjiào (bījiǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">比较</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		relatively, comparatively; fairly, rather
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìngqiě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">并且</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		moreover, and
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bīngxiāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">冰箱</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		refrigerator, ice box
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìnyíguǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">殡仪馆</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral home
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìyùn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">避孕</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		contraception
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú dàn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不但</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		not only
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù gǎn dāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不敢当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		I’m flattered, You shouldn't have, I don't deserve this
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù shǎo </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不少</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quite a lot, quite a few
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù tong</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">不同</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be different
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">càishichǎng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">菜市场</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		market
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cānjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">参加</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to take part in; to attend
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">厕所</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		toilet
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnfù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">产妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a woman who has given birth within the last month
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángshòu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">长寿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		long life, longevity; to live a long time
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǎnjià</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">产假</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		maternity leave
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chénggōng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成功</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to succeed, to be successful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">城市</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		city
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to become, to constitute, to make
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī nǎi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吃奶</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to nurse, to suckle
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chū bìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出殡</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to hold a funeral procession
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūchāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出差</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be out of town on business
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuī fēng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吹风</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to have air blow on oneself, to be in a draft
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chūshēnglü</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">出生率</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		birth rate
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái bù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来不</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		never
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái dōu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来都</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		always (in the past)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cónglái méi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">从来没</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		have never
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ chángtū diànhuà</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大长途电话</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to make a long-distance phone call
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàdōu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大都</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		for the most part
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàfàndiàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大饭店</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		hotel
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàgē</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大哥</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		oldest brother
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài xiào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">带孝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to wear mourning
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàlou </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大楼</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		building
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāngxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">当心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to watch out
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">但是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		but
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dānwèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">单位</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		unit
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indicates successful accomplishment of something
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàshiguǎn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大使馆</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		embassy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxǐde rìzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大喜的日子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding day
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàxǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">大喜</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		great rejoicing
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dāying</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">答应</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to agree (to something), to consent, to promise
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">打</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		travel by, take (a taxi, bus, train, airplane, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dédao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">得到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to receive, to get
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dé</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">得</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to get
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàosāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">吊嗓</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to present one’s condolences at a funeral, to attend a funeral
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dìqū</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">地区</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		region
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dù mìyuè </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">度蜜月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go on a honeymoon, to spend one's honeymoon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duó kuài!</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多快</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how fast!
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duōnián</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">多年</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		many years
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">度</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ěrduo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">耳朵</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ear
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érnǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">儿女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		children
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">érqiě </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">而且</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		furthermore
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fādá</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">发达</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be developed, to be prosperous
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàndiàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭店</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		restaurant
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàngjiān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">房间</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		room
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fànguǎnzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭馆子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		restaurant
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">饭厅</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		dining room
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǎnzhèng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">反正</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		anyway, in any case
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">犯</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to have an attack (of an old disease)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǎyuàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">法院</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		court of law
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēijichǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">飞机场</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		airport
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngqì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风气</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		common practice; general mood
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风湿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		rheumatism
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngshuǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风水</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the Chinese science of geomancy (that is, the influence of landscape on people and their fortunes)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēngsū </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">风俗</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		custom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēnpèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">分配</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to assign, to apportion, to allot
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fó</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">佛</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Buddha
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fūfù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">夫妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		married couple, husband and wife
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">附近</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		area
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúqi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">福气</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		blessings, luck
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúwùtái </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">服务台</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		service desk
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fúxiàng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">福祥</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		lucky physiognomy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùzá (fǔzá)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">复杂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be complicated
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎibiàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">改变</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to change
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">该</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		should, ought to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎndeshàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">干得上</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be able to catch up, to be able to make it in time
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnhuilai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">赶回来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to rush back
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnjīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">赶紧</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quickly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèdì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各地</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the various places, each place
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gègè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各个</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		various
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gēnjù (gēnju)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">根据</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		according to, based on
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gèzhǒng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">各种</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		various kinds, types
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gōngānjú </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公安局</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Bureau of Public Security
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngmù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公墓</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		public cemetery
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngsī </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公司</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		company
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyuǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公园</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		park
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公寓</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		apartment
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzhèng jiēhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">公证结婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		civil marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngzī  </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">工资</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wages, pay
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guānniàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">观念</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		concept, notion, view
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǔhuī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">骨灰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bone ashes
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guīju</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">规矩</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		special customs, established rules
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòqu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过去</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guòshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">过世</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">háishi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">还是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		after all
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">还</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		even, (to go) so far as to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héqilai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">合起来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to combine, to join together
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">和</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		with; and
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngbāo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红包</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a red envelope with a gift or bribe of money in it
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngdàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红蛋</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		eggs dyed red
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hóngtáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">红糖</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		brown sugar
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòudài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">后代</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		descendants
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòulái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">后来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		later, afterwards
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huāquān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花圈</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		flower wreath
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">花</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be multicolored
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huīfu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">恢复</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to recover
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huìkèshì </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">会客室</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		reception room
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húi mén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">回门</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the return of the bride to her parents' home (usually on the third day after the wedding)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">会</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		might, to be likely to, will
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huī</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">灰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be gray
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūnlǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">婚礼</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒchēzhàn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火车站</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		railroad station
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		cremation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huǒzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">火葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to cremate; cremation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">或</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		or
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hūrǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">忽然</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		suddenly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎngjiu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">讲究</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be particular about; to be elegant, to be tasteful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiānglái</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">将来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the future, someday
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàotáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">教堂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		church
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiāowǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">交往</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to associate with, to have dealings with
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiātíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">家庭</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jià</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">假</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		vacation, leave
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīdūjiào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">基督教</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Christianity
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiēguǒ (jiēguǒ)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结果</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		as a result; result, results
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiēhūn lǐfú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结婚礼服</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding gown (dress)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiéhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">结婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(jiehūn) to get married
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiějué</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">解决</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to solve
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jièshaorén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">介绍人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		introducer
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìhua shēngyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">计划生育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		planned parenthood, family planning
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jíjiù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">急救</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		first aid; to administer emergency treatment
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jílè Bìnyíguǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">极乐殡仪馆</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		Paradise Funeral Home (in Tapei)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǐngchájú </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">警察局</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		police station
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jingguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">经过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go through, to pass by or through
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jìniàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">纪念</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		memento, memorial
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiùguolai </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">就过来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to save
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù shì le</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">就是了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		..., that’s all
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juédìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">决定</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to decide
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">绝育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		sterilization
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jūmín wěiyuánhuì </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">居民委员会</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		neighborhood committee
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jǔxíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">举行</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">júzhǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">局长</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		head of an office or bureau (of which the last syllable is jú)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāfēitīng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">咖啡厅</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		coffeehouse
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kǎolǜ </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">考虑</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to consider; consideration
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě bū shi ma!</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">可不是吗</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		I’ll say, yes indeed, that’s for sure
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">可</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indeed, really
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kòngzhi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">控制</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to control
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...-lái...-qù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">。。。-来。。。-去</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(indicates repeating the action over and over again)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎojiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		hometown
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎorénjiā </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老人家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		polite way of addressing or referring to an old person (nǐ lǎorénjiā, tā lǎorénjiā)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎoshi (lǎoshí)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">老实</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be honest
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàn’ài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">恋爱</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be romantically involved with; love
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎojiě (liáojie)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">了解</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to understand; understanding
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-liǎo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 can, to be able to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">líhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">离婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to  get divorced
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐwù (lǐwu)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">礼物</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		gift, present
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">māma</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">妈妈</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		mother, mom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满意</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be pleased
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyuèjiǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满月酒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		celebration meal one month after a baby is born
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎnyuè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">满月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a full month after the birth of a baby
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-men</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">-们</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		plural suffix
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">miǎnfèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">免费</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be free of charge
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ming’é</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">名额</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the number of people assigned or allowed, quota (of people)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">míxin</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">迷信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be superstitious; superstition
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mìyuè</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">蜜月</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		honeymoon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎ (náli, nǎr)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">那（那里，那儿）</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how (used in rhetorical questions to deny something)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánfāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男方</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the groom's side, the groom's family 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">难过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be sad 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánjiā(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the husband’s family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nánnǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">男女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		male and female
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nēnggàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">能干</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be capable
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nénggòu </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">能够</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		can, to be able to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánji (niánjì)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">年纪</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		age
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niánqīng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">年轻</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be young
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngcūn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		rural area, countryside 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nóngmín</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">农民</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		peasant
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚjiā(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the wife’s family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǔlì </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">努力</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be hardworking, to be diligent; diligently, hard
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">女</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		female
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàichūsuǒ(r)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">派出所儿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the local police station
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胖</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be fat
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pèng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">碰</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to touch
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngjìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">平静</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be calm
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pīzhǔn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">批准</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give official permission
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pòfei</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">颇费</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to spend a lot of money (on someone), to go to some expense
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānmíngbù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">签名簿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		guest book
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiān míng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">签名</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to sign one’s name
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qiānwàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">千万 </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		by all means, be sure to; (in com bination with a negative sentence) by no means, under no circumstances
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíngkuàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">情况</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		situation
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīngnián</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">青年</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		youth, young person
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnjìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">亲近</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be close (to a person)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qīnqi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">亲戚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		relatives
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qūbié</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">区别</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		difference, distinction
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qubuliǎo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去不了</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		cannot go
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qùshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">去世</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass away, to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">réngōng liúchǎn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人工流产</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 abortion
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rènwéi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">认为</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to think that, to believe that
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 person, self, body
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rúhé</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">如何</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		how, in what way; how (someone or something) is; how is it (literary form)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">rù xí</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">入席</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to take one’s seat (at a gathering, meeting, or banquet)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sānglǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">丧礼</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sān tōngguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">三通过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		“the three approvals”
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāngdiàn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">商店</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		store
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngjìn </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">上进</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be ambitious
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shāngxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">伤心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be grieved, to be sorrowful, to be heartbroken
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎoshù mínzú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">少数民族</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		minority nationality, national minority
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbiān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">身边</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		one’s vicinity, one’s immediate surroundings
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnglěng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生冷</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		raw or cold foods
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēngxialai</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生下来</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be born
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēngyù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">生育</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give birth to and raise
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shībài</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">失败</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to fail
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shì fǒu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">是否</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		literary form meaning shi bu shi
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqū</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">市区</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		urban area or district
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shíxíng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">实行</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to practice, to carry out (a method, policy, plan, ‘reform, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǒubì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手臂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		arm
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">手术</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		operation, surgery
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōuxiān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">首先</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		first
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuāngfāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">双方</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		both sides, both parties
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shùmu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">数目</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 number 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">熟</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to be familiar (with), to know well
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sǐ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">死</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to die
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sòng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to escort, to take (someone to a place)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sòng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">送</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to give (something as a gift)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">sūnzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">孙子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		grandson
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">胎</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		birth
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tándao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">谈到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to talk about; speaking of ...
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">躺</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to lie,lie down, to recline
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tánlai tánqù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani"></foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to talk back and forth
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqīnjià </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">探亲家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		leave for visiting family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tànqīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">探亲</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to visit relatives (usually means immediate family)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíchàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">提倡</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to advocate, to promote, to initiate
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tíqīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">提亲</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 to bring up a proposal of marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tongguò</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">通过</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to pass, to approve
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòngkǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">痛苦</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be painful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóngyì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">同意</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to consent, to agree
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyige</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头一个</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the first
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyìtāi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">头一台</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the first pregnancy, the first baby
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō nínde fú</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">托您的福</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		thanks to your lucky influence, many thanks
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǔzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">土葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		burial (the word used in contrast to cremation or burial at sea)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wángjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">王家</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		the Wáng family
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wánjù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">玩具</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		toy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn wǎnhūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晚恋晚婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		late involvement and late marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǎnliàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">挽联</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		funeral scroll
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喂</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to feed
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngdāng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">相当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		quite, pretty, very
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">相信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to believe
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiānhuā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">鲜花</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		fresh flowers
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎo bǎobao (xiǎo bǎobǎo)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小宝宝</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		baby, darling (term of endearment for a young child)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎode</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">晓得</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to know
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoháir</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小孩儿</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		child, children
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎojiě (xiáojie)</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小姐</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 daughter (referring to someone else’s daughter)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">小心</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be careful
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāoxi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">消息</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		 news
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xífu</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">媳妇</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		daughter-in-law
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíguàn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">习惯</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		habit, custom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xījiù</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">喜酒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		wedding banquet; wedding wine
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn Fó</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">信佛</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be a Buddhist
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnláng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新郎</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bridegroom
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnniáng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">新娘</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		bride
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàngbìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏病</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		heart disease
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xīnzàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">心脏</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		heart
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">信</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to believe (in)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǔduō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">许多</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		many; a great deal (of), a lot (of)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàngmíngshān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">阳明山</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		a mountain in suburban Taipei
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě jiù shi shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">也就是说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to mean; in other words
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yě</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">也</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		indeed, in fact, admittedly
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìbānde shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一般地说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		generally speaking
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìbān</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一般</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ordinary, general, common
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíbèizi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一辈子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		all one’s life
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一道</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		together
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一定</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be specific
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìjian </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">意见</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		opinion
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīngdāng </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">应当</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		should, ought to
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíngyǎngpǐn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">营养品</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		food items of special nutritional value
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíshì</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">仪式</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		ceremony
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiang</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一向</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		(have) always, (had) always, consistently, all along
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yíxiàzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一下子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		an instant, a moment, a while
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìzhí</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">一直</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		all along, all the time (up until a certain point)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yuèzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">月子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		month of confinement after giving birth to a child
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài shuō</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">再说</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		furthermore, besides
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zàng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">葬</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to bury
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">záo</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">早</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		long ago
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zengjiā</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">增加</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to increase
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǎng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">成</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to grow; to be (pretty, etc.)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhèngfǔ </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">政府</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		government
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhènghūnrén</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">征婚人</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		chief witness at a wedding ceremony
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhènghūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">征婚</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to witness a marriage
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐ yào</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">只要</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		as long as, if only
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhòng</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">重</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to be heavy
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùdao</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">住到</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to move to, to go live at 
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǐsūn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">子孙</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		descendants
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǒngshi </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">总是</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		always
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuìjìn</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">最近</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		recently; soon
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǔmǔ</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">祖母</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		grandmother (on the father’s side)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò méi </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">做媒</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to act as go-between (for the families of a man and woman considering marriage)
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò yuèzi</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">坐月子</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to go through the month of confinement and special care after childbirth
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò </foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">作，做</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to serve as, to act as; as
	</entry>
</row>
<row>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zū</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Hani">租</foreignphrase>
	</entry>
<entry>
		to rent
	</entry>
</row>

    </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable></para>
    </section>

</chapter>