FSI-Chinese/Numerisés-new/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText.xml

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  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" >
  <info>
    <title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 03 MON - Student Text</title>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Foreign Service</firstname>
        <surname>Institute</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </info>
  <para>
    <anchor id="bookmark0" />CM 0183 S
  </para>
  <para>
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  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    □ARD
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
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      <imageobject>
        <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-2.jpg" />
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  <para>
    A MODULAR APPROACH
  </para>
  <para>
    STUDENT TEXT
  </para>
  <para>
    MODULE 3: MONEY
  </para>
  <para>
    MODULE 4: DIRECTIONS
  </para>
  <para>
    I
  </para>
  <para>
    SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS
  </para>
  <para>
    This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing
    military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident
    and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials,
    including requests for copies, should be addressed to:
  </para>
  <para>
    Defense Language Institute
  </para>
  <para>
    Foreign Language Center
  </para>
  <para>
    NonresidentTrainīng Division
  </para>
  <para>
    Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944 5006
  </para>
  <para>
    Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores,
    etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of
    view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for DLIFLC
    students since military personnel may find themselves in positions
    where a clear understanding of conversations or written materials of
    this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of
    controversial statements-whether real or apparent- in DLIFLC
    materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of
    the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.
  </para>
  <para>
    Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC
    instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations and
    meanings The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based
    solely on their value for instruction in the language. It does not
    constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise, nor
    is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and
    businesses not mentioned
  </para>
  <para>
    In DLIFLC publications, the words he, him, and/or his denote both
    masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to
    translations of foreign language texts.
  </para>
  <para>
    The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces.
    Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for
    reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products
    distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit setting
    without prior approval from the DLIFLC.
  </para>
  <para>
    PREFACE
  </para>
  <para>
    Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
    conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
    address che need generally felt in the U.S. Government language
    training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to
    reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipsi.
  </para>
  <para>
    The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible
    enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range
    of government agencies and academic institutions.
  </para>
  <para>
    A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
    Ier.tr al Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
    Language Institute, the State Department's Foreign Service
    Institute, the Cryptologic School cf the National. Security Agency,
    and the U.S. Office of Education, later Joined by the Canadian
    Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included
    Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John
    F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard
    Muller-Thym (.DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl);
    Kazuo Shitama (NEA)p Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and
    Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).
  </para>
  <para>
    The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197b
    in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute, Each of the six
    U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other
    assistance.
  </para>
  <para>
    Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning
    council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense
    Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas,
    Earl M. Hickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn
    of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was
    appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the
    Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign
    Service Institute also served on the planning council and
    contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up
    the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to
    review their development.
  </para>
  <para>
    Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
    Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close
    cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of
    the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the
    instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study
    materials, and also designed the communicationbased classroom
    activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and
    Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By
    197^ Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had Joined the staff. Led by
    Mg. Barale, they have worked as a team to produce the materials
    subsequent to Module 6.
  </para>
  <para>
    .-*.s. m prepared selected by Chuan 0. Chao, ÍXt. £r* Ziac, Can Hu,
    Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. tb» tixe by Czíeh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming
    Chen,
  </para>
  <para>
    ■C Am0 11 kl *t&lt;. líti Affbclder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo
    helped L2 tie prepared lee cfs preliminary corpus of dialogues.
  </para>
  <para>
    Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
    Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W, Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C.
    Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.
  </para>
  <para>
    The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of
    the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script
    was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Me. Hu, Mr.
    Khuo, Mr. Li , and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms.
    Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr, Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms.
    Strype.
  </para>
  <para>
    The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
    Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of
    Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual,
  </para>
  <para>
    Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
    cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute,
    Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language
    Learning Center; the United States Air force Academy; the University
    of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.
  </para>
  <para>
    Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster,
    Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language
    Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of
    this edition of the course materials. This support included
    coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing,
    and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.
  </para>
  <para>
    James R. Frith, Chairman
  </para>
  <para>
    Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board
  </para>
  <para>
    CONTENTS
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark1">Preface</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    ■'CDULE 3: MONEY
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark2">Objectives ................... </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark3">Target Lists ................  . «</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT’ 1 Reference List ......... .............
  </para>
  <para>
    Vocabulary ........................ 10
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark4">Reference Notes ....</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Topic and comment
  </para>
  <para>
    Yes/no-choice Questions
  </para>
  <para>
    Asking and giving prices
  </para>
  <para>
    The counters &quot;volume.” &quot;copy,”
    &quot;sheet,<superscript>11</superscript>
    &quot;piece/<superscript>1</superscript> &quot;stick”
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark5">Prices Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 2
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark6">Reference List  . .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark7">Vocabulary ...</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark8">Reference Notes . .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    &quot;Some,&quot; diǎn(r)
  </para>
  <para>
    Imperatives and polite imperatives
  </para>
  <para>
    Nominalízed adjectival verbs (dàde, xiaode)
  </para>
  <para>
    More on counters
  </para>
  <para>
    More on prices
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark9">Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark10">UNIT 3 Reference List ...... ...........
    .....</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark11">Vocabulary ...... ........
    ..........</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark12">Reference Notes ...... ...... . </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Reduplicated verbs (kànkan) &quot;Or&quot; cuestions with háishi
    Sentences with objects and dōu Adjectival verbs and comparison The
    marker ba for tentative statements and requests
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    Colors
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark13">Vocabulary Booster (Colors) ...... .....
    .....</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark14">Drills ....... </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT h
  </para>
  <para>
    Reference List ...................... 57
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark15">Vocabulary ............. ........
    ...</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark16">Reference Notes . . . , .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    The plural counter -Xie*
  </para>
  <para>
    Time words in topic position
  </para>
  <para>
    Completion le in sentences with counted objects
  </para>
  <para>
    Modifying phrases with de
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark17">Vocabulary Booster (Things in a
    Classroom) . . ..... , .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark18">Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark19">mi it 5 Reference List........ . .
    .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Vocabulary ......................... 76
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark20">Reference Notes</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Money denominations
  </para>
  <para>
    The prepositional verb gěi
  </para>
  <para>
    More on the mar Iter ne
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark21">Focusing the question with shì bu shi
    Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 6
  </para>
  <para>
    Reference List ....................... 87
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark22">Vocabulary . ......
    ..................</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark23">Reference Notes .......... ...... .
    </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Clock time
  </para>
  <para>
    Ba in questions
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark24">Time-of-day words Drills .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    MODULE b: DIRECTIONS
  </para>
  <para>
    Objectives ..... ...... . ...... ......... 10h
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark25">Map of Beijing ........... .....
    .........</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark26">Map of Taipei ...... ..... ........
    </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Target Lists .... ...... . ...... ......... 107
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark27">UNIT 1 Reference List . .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark28">Maps for C-l Tape ...............</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark29">Vocabulary ..... ...... . .....
    ........</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Reference Notes ...................... 117
  </para>
  <para>
    The prepositional verbs dào, &quot;to&quot;; cóng, &quot;from&quot;;
    wàng, &quot;towards&quot;; and xiàng, &quot;towards&quot;
  </para>
  <para>
    Directions for &quot;ahead&quot;left,&quot; and &quot;right&quot;
  </para>
  <para>
    Completion le in future contexts
  </para>
  <para>
    Zāi meaning~<superscript>rr</superscript>then&quot;
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark30">Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 2
  </para>
  <para>
    Reference List ...................... . 131
  </para>
  <para>
    Maps for C-l Tape ..................... 133
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark31">Vocabulary  </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark32">Reference Notes</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    The four directions
  </para>
  <para>
    Place words with -biānr
  </para>
  <para>
    Location words and the verbs shì, ySu, and zjii &quot;Before&quot;
    and &quot;after&quot;
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark33">Vocabulary Booster (Things in Nature) . .
    ........ .</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark34">Drills*</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 3
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark35">Reference List .... .......
    ...........</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Maps for C-l Tape ..................... 158
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark36">Vocabulary ........... .......
    ......</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark37">Reference Notes .....
    .................</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    The prepositional verbs lí,
    <superscript>,1&amp;</superscript>P<superscript>ar</superscript>t
    from,&quot; and
  </para>
  <para>
    ch6o, &quot;towards&quot;
  </para>
  <para>
    Compound verbs of direction with lai and où
  </para>
  <para>
    The marker -zhe
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark38">Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 1*
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark39">Reference List</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark40">Vocabulary ... ....... ......... </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark41">Reference Notes .....
    .................</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    The prepositional verb zud, &quot;by&quot;
  </para>
  <para>
    Compound verbs of result
  </para>
  <para>
    Directions inside a building
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark42">Vocabulary Booster (Buildings and
    Institutions) . </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark43">Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    UNIT 5
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark44">Reference List ...</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark45">Maps for C-l Tape .......</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark46">Vocabulary ............. .....
    ......</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark47">Reference Notes ................ </link>
  </para>
  <para>
    Addresses
  </para>
  <para>
    <link linkend="bookmark48">Zài meaning &quot;more,&quot;
    &quot;again&quot; Drills</link>
  </para>
  <para>
    MODULE 3: MONEY
  </para>
  <para>
    The Money Module (MON) will provide you with the skills needed to
    exchange money, make simple purchases, and discuss your purchases in
    Chinese,
  </para>
  <para>
    Before starting this module, you must take and pass the BIC
    Criterion Test. Prerequisites to units U and 5 of this module are
    tapes 5 and 6, Numbers resource module and tapes 3 and h, Time and
    Dates resource module.
  </para>
  <para>
    The Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material
    from CRN, BIO, and associated resource modules may also be included.
  </para>
  <para>
    OBJECTIVES
  </para>
  <para>
    Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be
    able to
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. Comprehend the numbers 1 through 99,999, including those
        numbers used in money expressions, and say them in Chinese when
        given English equivalents.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the
        MON Target Lists.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Say any Chinese sentence in the MON Target Lists when cued
        with its English equivalent.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        4. Give the Chinese names, when given the English, for fifteen
        items to be bought.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. Say that he wants to make a purchase, find out if the item is
        sold, ask to see it, find out the price, ask to see other
        similar items, and either make the purchase or say he does not
        want to buy the item,
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    É. Talk in Chinese about the items he bought, the quantity be
    bought, the size and color of the items, and the price (cost)
    (including a comparison of his purchases with other items).
  </para>
  <para>
    Ask for change (specific denominations).
  </para>
  <para>
    Say he wants to change money into local currency, find out where to
    change it, ask what the current exchange rate is, and complete the
    exchange using cash or traveler's checks.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi YīngwĚn bào.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Jiao. Jiù zài shell.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Zhege bào duōshao qiǎn?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Zhège bào wǔkuài qián yífèn.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Zhèli yōu Měiguo zāzhì meiyou?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Zhèli méiyou Měiguo zèzhì.
  </para>
  <para>
    U. Nlmen shell mai Meiguo shū bu mai?
  </para>
  <para>
    Dulbuqīj Měiguo shū wŌmen bú mài.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. Bào, zazhì, yígōng duōshao qián?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Yígong sānshiwukuài qian.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        6. Zhè liǎngzhāng dltú duōshao qián?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Sanshièrkuài qián.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        7. Zhège duōshao qian?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Sānshikuài qián yìben.
  </para>
  <para>
    Hǎo, w8 mǎi ylběn.
  </para>
  <para>
    I would like to buy an English-language newspaper.
  </para>
  <para>
    Fine. They’re right here.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much la this newspaper?
  </para>
  <para>
    This newspaper is five dollars a copy.
  </para>
  <para>
    Are there any American magazines here?
  </para>
  <para>
    There aren’t any American magazines here.
  </para>
  <para>
    Do you sell American hooks here?
  </para>
  <para>
    I’m sorry, we don't sell American books.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much are the newspaper and magazine altogether?
  </para>
  <para>
    Altogether, it’s thirty-five dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much are these two maps?
  </para>
  <para>
    Thirty-two dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much is this one?
  </para>
  <para>
    Thirty dollars a copy.
  </para>
  <para>
    Fine, I’ll buy one.
  </para>
  <para>
    <emphasis role="smallcaps">addi </emphasis>(not
  </para>
  <para>
    6. ,
  </para>
  <para>
    T. !
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="3">
      <colspec align="left" />
      <colspec align="left" />
      <colspec align="left" />
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              6.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yífèn(r) bàozhl
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              one newspaper
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              9.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yìzhi hi
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              one pen
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              10.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yìzhāng zhí
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              one piece of paper
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              11.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yìběn zìdiǎn
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              one dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              12.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Hàn-Yìng zidiǎn
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Chinese-English dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              13.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Ying-Hàn zìdiǎn
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              English-Chinese dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              114.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              huàxué
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              chemistry
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              15-
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              shùxué
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              mathematics
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    5. 3
  </para>
  <para>
    9. i
  </para>
  <para>
    10. 4
  </para>
  <para>
    U. 4
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    1. Zhèige diǎnxin duoshao qian yìjīn?
  </para>
  <para>
    Bārtáo qián yìjīn.
  </para>
  <para>
    Qīng ni gěi wo liíngjīn.
  </para>
  <para>
    2. Nín hÉi yào diānr shénme?
  </para>
  <para>
    Wo bú yào shenme le.
  </para>
  <para>
    jj. Qìshuī duōshao qián yìpíngī
  </para>
  <para>
    Liāngmáo wú.
  </para>
  <para>
    U. Zhèi shi aǎnkuài qián.
  </para>
  <para>
    ZhSo ni liùmáo wǔfěn qián.
  </para>
  <para>
    Xiexie. Zàijiàn.
  </para>
  <para>
    . Pèige da píngguo duōshao qián?
  </para>
  <para>
    Dàde sìmáo wufēn qián yìjīn.
  </para>
  <para>
    Qīng gěi wo sǎnjīn nèige xiáode.
  </para>
  <para>
    Hao. Sǎnjīn yíkuài ling wu,
  </para>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
  </para>
  <para>
    (not presented on O1 and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <para>
    6. júzi
  </para>
  <para>
    7. <emphasis role="smallcaps">PÍJìU</emphasis>
  </para>
  <para>
    5. yíkuài féizào
  </para>
  <para>
    9. zuo mǎimai
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1 -. dàren
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        11 . xiǎoháizi
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    How much is thia kind of pastry per catty?
  </para>
  <para>
    Eighty cents a catty.
  </para>
  <para>
    Please give me two catties.
  </para>
  <para>
    What else do you want?
  </para>
  <para>
    1 don't want anything else.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much per bottle is the soda?
  </para>
  <para>
    Twenty-five cents.
  </para>
  <para>
    Here's three dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    Here’s sixty-five cents (in) change
  </para>
  <para>
    Thank you. Good-bye.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much are those large apples?
  </para>
  <para>
    The large ones are forty-five cents a catty.
  </para>
  <para>
    Please give me three catties of those small ones.
  </para>
  <para>
    Certainly. Three catties are $1.05
  </para>
  <para>
    oranges, tangerines
  </para>
  <para>
    beer
  </para>
  <para>
    one bar of soap
  </para>
  <para>
    to do business
  </para>
  <para>
    adult
  </para>
  <para>
    child
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. Qing ni gěi wo kānkan nèige huāpíng.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Neige? Khèige lánde hǎishi zhèige hongde?
  </para>
  <para>
    Nèi liǎngge dōu gel wo kānkan, hǎo ma?
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Zhèi liǎngge xuésheng, nǎige hǎo?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Sima Xìn hǎo.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Neige hóng huāpíng zhen hǎokān. Nín you da yìdiǎnrde ma?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        You- NĪ kān zhèige zěnmeyang?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Hen hǎo. Hǎo, qīng gěi wo llǎngge ba.
  </para>
  <para>
    1&gt;. Nèige lande tai guì le.
  </para>
  <para>
    Wǒ yāo hongde. Hóngde piǎnyi.
  </para>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. bái
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        6. héi
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        7. huǎng
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    6. lu
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        9. Jiù
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        10. xin
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        11. gāo
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        12. Si
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        13. gāoxīng
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    lh. nánkān
  </para>
  <para>
    15. yìbǎ yǔsǎn
  </para>
  <para>
    16. kān
  </para>
  <para>
    Please give me that vase to look at.
  </para>
  <para>
    Which one? This blue one or this red one?
  </para>
  <para>
    Give me both of them to look at.
  </para>
  <para>
    All right?
  </para>
  <para>
    Which of these two students is better?
  </para>
  <para>
    Sima Xìn is better.
  </para>
  <para>
    That red vase is really beautiful. Do you have one a little larger?
  </para>
  <para>
    We do. What do you think of this one?
  </para>
  <para>
    It's very nice. Okay, how about giving me two, please.
  </para>
  <para>
    That blue one is too expensive. I want the red one. The red one Is
    cheaper.
  </para>
  <para>
    to be white
  </para>
  <para>
    to be black
  </para>
  <para>
    to be yellow, to be brown
  </para>
  <para>
    to be green
  </para>
  <para>
    to be old, to be used, to be worn
  </para>
  <para>
    to be new
  </para>
  <para>
    to be tall
  </para>
  <para>
    to be short (of stature)
  </para>
  <para>
    to be happy
  </para>
  <para>
    to be ugly one umbrella
  </para>
  <para>
    to read, to look at, to visit
  </para>
  <para>
    MOD
  </para>
  <para>
    at.
  </para>
  <para>
    s
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    il. ērī
  </para>
  <para>
    is
  </para>
  <para>
    t
  </para>
  <para>
    one
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    warn
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. Women jialide dóngxì, youde dào le, yǒude hái nei dào.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Tāmen màide pānziwǎn, yǒude zhēn hǎokàn. Keahi guì yìdiān.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Wǒ maide nāxie pánziwān dōu bÚ tàl guì. Guide wǒ mei mai.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Win mǎi shēnrae le?
  </para>
  <para>
    Wo mai panziw^n le.
  </para>
  <para>
    5. Kín maíle duoshao pāntiw&amp;i?
  </para>
  <para>
    Wǒ mails ehíge'da pānzi.
  </para>
  <para>
    í, Nile fànwǎū shi shĒnme yánsède?
  </para>
  <para>
    Shi lande.
  </para>
  <para>
    Wo yě xǐhuan lÉnde.
  </para>
  <para>
    7. Hide zhège cháhēl hen bao. Ehl zèi ehenme dìfang mǎide?
  </para>
  <para>
    Shi x&amp;i Dìyī Gongai mǎide=
  </para>
  <para>
    A72ITI0HAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (net presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <para>
    £. yíge bīngxiāng
  </para>
  <para>
    ?. yìzhāng dìtan
  </para>
  <para>
    10- yíge ahūjiàzi
  </para>
  <para>
    11. yìba yīzi
  </para>
  <para>
    11. yìzhāng zhuozi
  </para>
  <para>
    Some of our household things have arrived, and some haven’t arrived
    yet.
  </para>
  <para>
    Some of the dishes they sell are really ‘beautiful. But they are a
    little expensive.
  </para>
  <para>
    All those dishes I bought were not too expensive. I didn’t buy the
    expensive ones.
  </para>
  <para>
    What did you buy?
  </para>
  <para>
    I bought dishes.
  </para>
  <para>
    Hov many dishes did you buy?
  </para>
  <para>
    I bought ten large plates.
  </para>
  <para>
    What color are your rice bowls?
  </para>
  <para>
    They’re blue ones.
  </para>
  <para>
    I like blue ones too.
  </para>
  <para>
    This teacup of yours ia very nice. Where was it bought?
  </para>
  <para>
    It was bought at the First Company.
  </para>
  <para>
    one refrigerator
  </para>
  <para>
    one rug
  </para>
  <para>
    one bookcase
  </para>
  <para>
    one chair
  </para>
  <para>
    one table
  </para>
  <para>
    MON
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    MCI
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1, Mafar at. wfi^zhèr you yìbSikuAi Mei lir.de líixíng zhīpiào.
        Qīng ni gei wo huànhuan.
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Nǐ yào ..enme huàn?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Qīng ni jěi wo liǎngzhang wǔ-kuàide ba.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Nīmen shóu Keijīn ma?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Duìbuqī, w6men bù ahōu Měijín.
  </para>
  <para>
    h. Zhèr you měiyou yínháng?
  </para>
  <para>
    You. Yínháng jiù zài nar.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài zhèr huàn qian?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Shi, shi zài zhèr huàn.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        6. Jīntiānde páijià shi duōshao?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Jíntiānde páijià shi yíkuài Měijīn huàn yíkuài jiùmao liù Rénmíríbt.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        7. Xièxie.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Bú kèqi.
  </para>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <para>
    Sorry to bother you. I have one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler’s
    checks here. Please change it for me.
  </para>
  <para>
    How do you want to change it?
  </para>
  <para>
    Hou about giving me two fives, please.
  </para>
  <para>
    Do you accept U.S. currency?
  </para>
  <para>
    I’m sorry, ve don’t accept U.S. currency.
  </para>
  <para>
    Is there a bank here?
  </para>
  <para>
    There is. The bank is right over there.
  </para>
  <para>
    May I ask, is it here that I change money?
  </para>
  <para>
    Yes, you change it here.
  </para>
  <para>
    What is today's exchange rate?
  </para>
  <para>
    Today's exchange rate is one U.S. dollar to one dollar and
    ninety-six cents in People’s currency.
  </para>
  <para>
    Thank you.
  </para>
  <para>
    You’re welcome.
  </para>
  <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="3">
      <colspec align="left" />
      <colspec align="left" />
      <colspec align="left" />
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              s.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yíee
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              diànshàn
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              9.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yíge
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              diànshì
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              10.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yíge
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              shòuyinjī
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              11.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yíge
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              zhōng
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              12.
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yíge
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              shǒubiǎo
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </informaltable>
  <para>
    one electric fan
  </para>
  <para>
    one television
  </para>
  <para>
    one radio
  </para>
  <para>
    one clock
  </para>
  <para>
    one wristwatch
  </para>
  <para>
    r's
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    er
  </para>
  <para>
    lange
  </para>
  <para>
    LS. iety-icy.
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. Nīmen zhèli key! huàn MĚijīn ma'
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Duìbuqì, bù kěyi. Nín děi zài Taiwan YÍnhǎng huàn.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. Yínháng Jfdian zhong kāi mēn, Jìdiěn zhōng guān mén?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Jiǔdiǎn zhòng kāi men, sāndiǎn bān guān men.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. Wǒ yāo huàn yìdiǎn Taibi.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Hǎo. Yíkuài MeiJ in huàn sānshi-bākuài Taibi.
  </para>
  <para>
    U. Qǐng ni denE'<superscript>r</superscript>Ìòěng. W® jiù lái.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. Qǐng gel wo díǎn xiǎo piàozi, xíng bu xíngī
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        6. Mei shenme.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY inot presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        7. zǎochen (z&amp;ochén)
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        8. r.Soshang (zǎo shàng)
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    3. shàngwǔ (shàngwu)
  </para>
  <para>
    If. zhōngwǔ (zhǒngwu)
  </para>
  <para>
    11. xíàvǔ (xiàwu)
  </para>
  <para>
    12. wan shang (wanshàng)
  </para>
  <para>
    .3. yèli
  </para>
  <para>
    1*. bànyè
  </para>
  <para>
    15. Jiàn
  </para>
  <para>
    It - zazahǔhū
  </para>
  <para>
    Can U.S, currency be changed here?
  </para>
  <para>
    I'm sorry, that’s not possible. You must change it at the Bank of
    Taiwan-
  </para>
  <para>
    What time does the bank open, and what time does it close?
  </para>
  <para>
    It opens at nine o'clock and closes at three-thirty.
  </para>
  <para>
    I want to change some money into Taiwan currency.
  </para>
  <para>
    Certainly. One U.S. dollar is thirty-eight dollars in Taiwan
    currency.
  </para>
  <para>
    Please wait a moment. I’ll be right back.
  </para>
  <para>
    Please give me some small bills. Would that be all right?
  </para>
  <para>
    It's nothing.
  </para>
  <para>
    early morning
  </para>
  <para>
    morning
  </para>
  <para>
    forenoon, morning
  </para>
  <para>
    noon
  </para>
  <para>
    afternoon
  </para>
  <para>
    evening
  </para>
  <para>
    night
  </para>
  <para>
    midnight
  </para>
  <para>
    to meet
  </para>
  <para>
    <emphasis role="smallcaps">bo—so, fair</emphasis>
  </para>
  <para>
    <anchor id="caption1" />
  </para>
  <section xml:id="reference-list">
    <title><anchor id="bookmark6" /><anchor id="bookmark49" />REFERENCE
    LIST</title>
    <para>
    </para>
  </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    (in Taipei)
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        1. A: Zhèli you Yǐngwen bào ma?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    B: You. Jiù zài nàli,
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        2. A: Zhèli yōu Yīngwán bào mei-you?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: You. Jiù zài nàli.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        3. A: WŌ Xiang mǎi Yīngwán bào.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: Hǎo. Jiù zài zhèli.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    U. A: Z-hège duoshao qián?
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: Wǔkuài qián.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        5. A: Zhège Zhōngwán bāo duoshao qián?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: Sānkuài qián yífèn.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        6. A: Nīmen zhèli mài Měiguo zázhì bu mai?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: Mài. W3men zhèli mai.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        7. A: Zhège duōshao qián?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    B: Sānshikuài qián yìběn.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        A: Hǎo, wo mǎi yiben.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        8, A: Nīmen zhèli you Meiguo shū meiyou?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        B: Duìbuqǐ, Měiguo shū wōmen bú mài.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Are there any English-language newspapers here?
  </para>
  <para>
    Yes. They're right over there.
  </para>
  <para>
    Are there any English-language newspapers here?
  </para>
  <para>
    Yes. They're right over there.
  </para>
  <para>
    I would like to buy an English-language newspaper.
  </para>
  <para>
    Fine. They’re right here.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much is this one?
  </para>
  <para>
    Five dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much is the Chinese-language newspaper?
  </para>
  <para>
    Three dollars a copy.
  </para>
  <para>
    Do you sell American magazines here?
  </para>
  <para>
    Yes, we sell them here.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much is this one?
  </para>
  <para>
    Thirty dollars a copy.
  </para>
  <para>
    Fine, I’ll buy one.
  </para>
  <para>
    Do you have any American books here?
  </para>
  <para>
    I'm sorry, we don't sell American books here.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        9. A: Bào, zázhì, yígōng duōshao qián?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Ē: Bào wǔkuài, zázhì sānshikuài.
  </para>
  <para>
    B: YÍgong sānshiwǔkuài qián.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much are the newspaper and magazine altogether?
  </para>
  <para>
    The newspaper is five dollars; the magazine is thirty dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    Altogether, it's thirty-five dollars.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        10. A: Nīmen zhèli mài dttú bu mai?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    Ē: Mài. ZeLi nàli.
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        11. B: Nín xiǎng mǎi shěnme dìtu?
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        A: W&lt;5 Xiang mǎi yīzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    IE. A: Zhèzhāng Táibei dìtū duc-shao qián?
  </para>
  <para>
    Ē: Shíèrkuāi qián.
  </para>
  <para>
    Do you sell maps here?
  </para>
  <para>
    We do. They’re over there.
  </para>
  <para>
    What kind of map would you like to buy?
  </para>
  <para>
    I would like to buy a map of Taipei.
  </para>
  <para>
    How much is this map of Taipei?
  </para>
  <para>
    Twelve dollars.
  </para>
  <para>
    nguage
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    ■ere?
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
  </para>
  <para>
    13. yífèn(r) bàozhl
  </para>
  <para>
    lb. yìzhī hi
  </para>
  <para>
    15. yìzháng zhī
  </para>
  <para>
    1Ě. yīběn zìdiǎn
  </para>
  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        17. Hān-Yīng zìdian
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        18, Yīng-Hān zìdiàn
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        19. huàxué
      </para>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>
      <para>
        20. shùxué
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </itemizedlist>
  <para>
    one newspaper
  </para>
  <para>
    one pen
  </para>
  <para>
    one piece of paper
  </para>
  <para>
    one dictionary
  </para>
  <para>
    Chinese-English dictionary English-Chinese dictionary chemistry
    mathematics
  </para>
  <para>
    here?
  </para>
  <para>
    :an
  </para>
  <para>
    ntaga-
  </para>
  <para>
    the
  </para>
  <para>
    iollars
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="2">
      <colspec align="left" />
      <colspec align="left" />
      <tbody>
        <row>
          <entry>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              <anchor id="bookmark50" />VOCABULARY
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              bào (yífèn)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              newspaper
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              báoshī (yífen)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              newspaper
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              -ben
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              volume
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              bī (yizhī)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              pen
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              āītú (yfzhāng)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Elap
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              duìbuqī
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              I'm sorry
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              duoshao
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              bow much, how many
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              -fēn(r)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              copy (counter for magazine
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              or newspaper)
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Jīàn-Yīng sìdíǎn
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Chinese-English dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              huaxué
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              chemistry
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              jiù
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              right, exactly (with reference to space)
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              -kuài
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              dollar (in context)
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              tnǎi
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              to buy
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              mai
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              to sell
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              qlán
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              money
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              shú (yfben)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              book
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              shùxuē
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              mathematics
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              xiǎng
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              to want to
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              xiǎngyiXiang
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              to think it over
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              yígSng
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              altogether
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              Ying-Han zīdiǎn
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              English-Chinese dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              zázhì (ytbSia)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              magazine
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              -zhāng
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              (counter for flat things—
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              tables, paper, pictures, etc &gt;)
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              zbī (yfzhāng)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              paper
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              -zhī
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              {counter for straight,
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              sticklike objects)
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
        <row>
          <entry>
            <para>
              zìdlan (yíběn)
            </para>
          </entry>
          <entry>
            <para>
              dictionary
            </para>
          </entry>
        </row>
      </tbody>
    </tgroup>
  </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    t* Ù relat ■Ed c
  </para>
  <para>
    the i asder the p tre o
  </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
  <para>
    <inlinemediaobject>
      <imageobject>
        <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-3.jpg" />
      </imageobject>
    </inlinemediaobject>
  </para>
<literallayout>
<anchor id="caption2" /></literallayout>
  <section xml:id="reference-notes">
    <title><anchor id="bookmark4" /><anchor id="bookmark51" />REFERENCE
    NOTES</title>
    <para>
      1. A: Zhèli yfiu Ylngwěn bāū ma?
    </para>
    <para>
      B; You. Jiù zai nàli.
    </para>
    <para>
      Are there any Englieh-language newspapers hereī
    </para>
    <para>
      Yes, They're right over there.
    </para>
    <para>
      īiotes on No. 1
    </para>
    <para>
      Zhèli you: tines means ’'to latter meaning, &quot;there
      is/are.&quot;
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      The Chinese verb you sometimes means &quot;to have” and
      some*-be&quot; in the sense of &quot;to exist.” In exchange 1, you
      has the With this meaning, it often translates into English as
    </para>
    <para>
      Top i q-c cement s e nt enc e s: The subject of a Chinese sentence
      need not be the person who performs on action or experiences a
      state. Often, the relationship between the subject and the rest of
      the sentence is looser and can be analyzes as topic-coment-
    </para>
    <para>
      A topic is a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence which
      sets the scene for the rest of the sentence. The topic is a
      starting point for understanding a sentence, giving background
      information and establishing the perspective for listeners. For
      this reason, time and place phrases are often used aa topics.
    </para>
    <informaltable>
      <tgroup cols="4">
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                Zhèli
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                y£u
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                Yīngwén bāo.
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                (Here
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                there
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                are
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                English-language newspapers.)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    <para>
      A conmtent is the rest of the sentence which follows the topic,
      u-e some examples:
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Bl, tā yfiu; zhī, tā mĚiyou.
    </para>
    <para>
      A; NI ehi nǎr?
    </para>
    <para>
      0: Wo ahi Taiwan. DàxuĚ.
    </para>
    <para>
      Zhèshāng dìtú mùi flhíkuāi qian.
    </para>
    <para>
      Cleirly, the last two examples are
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Here
    </para>
    <para>
      He has a pen; he doesn't have paper (literally, ’’Pen he has;
      paper he doesn't.<superscript>1</superscript>’)
    </para>
    <para>
      Where are you calling from?
    </para>
    <para>
      Taiwan University.
    </para>
    <para>
      As for this map, they sell it for ten dollars.
    </para>
    <para>
      meaningful only when the relationship
    </para>
    <para>
      tat veer. the initial nouns/pronouns and verbs is understood to be
      one of
    </para>
    <para>
      ;c-zomment, not the usual subject-predicate relation of
      actor-action.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      While there is no simple rule that tells you when to use
      topic-comment sentences in Chinese, some helpful generalizations
      can he made. These generalizations will he discussed as example
      sentences appear in the Reference Lists.
    </para>
    <para>
      Jiù zài nàli, &quot;They’re right over
      there<superscript>1</superscript>': You have learned jiù as
      &quot;only,&quot; a synonym of zhī■ In exchange 1, you see another
      use of Jiù: &quot;right,&quot; &quot;exactly,”
      &quot;precisely.&quot; This word is often used to describe
      &quot;right&quot; where something is, and is followed by zài,
      &quot;in/at/on.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      2. A: Zheli you Yīngwén bào meiyou? Are there any English-language
      newspapers here?
    </para>
    <para>
      B: Yōu. Jiù zài nàli.             Yes. They're right over there.
    </para>
    <para>
      Notes on Ho. 2
    </para>
    <para>
      You...meiyou: The first sentence in exchange 2 is a yes/no-choice
      question. This type of question is formed by explicitly offering
      the listener a choice between ar. affirmative and a negative
      answer. The negative alternative is tacked onto the end of the
      sentence. Similar questions exist in English. But the English
      question would be an impatient one, while the Chinese question is
      an ordinary one:
    </para>
    <para>
      Zheli you Yìngwén bào meiyou?
    </para>
    <para>
      Are there any English-language newspapers here, or aren't there?
    </para>
    <para>
      Neutral tones: Whether or not a syllable is pronounced in the
      Neutral tone often depends on the speed of speech and the mood the
      speaker is trying to convey. In informal conversation between
      native speakers, there are many more Neutral tones than in the
      more careful, deliberate speech of a language teacher speaking to
      foreign students, (Bear this point in mind when you find a
      discrepancy between the textbook marking of a word and the
      pronunciation of that word on tape.)
    </para>
    <para>
      Most syllables in any stretch of spoken Chinese are neither
      completely ‘'Neutral&quot; (i.e., with no audible change in pitch
      for the duration of the syllable) nor completely &quot;full&quot;
      in length and amplitude. These syllables will usually be somewhere
      in between the two extremes.
    </para>
    <para>
      Zhèli you Yíngwen bào meiyou? Are there any English-language „
             x . -   &gt;. - „ newspapers here?
    </para>
    <para>
      Zheli you Yingwen bao meiyou?        <superscript>c
      e</superscript>
    </para>
    <para>
      Often a syllable will not sound like a full tone. But if you ask
      &quot;Then is this syllable in the Neutral tone?&quot; the answer
      will be &quot;No, not exactly.&quot; There is no distinct dividing
      line between a syllable with a tone and a syllable in the Neutral
      tone. Very often, the most helpful answer to the
    </para>
    <para>
      lent
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      question &quot;Should this be pronounced in the Neutral tone?” is
      ’’Pronounce it the way you hear it.&quot; 'The language is taught
      in terms of four tones, but your ears hear more.
    </para>
    <para>
      W5 xiSng īcāi yì- zhāng Til- běi dì- tú.
    </para>
    <para>
      <inlinemediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-4.jpg" />
        </imageobject>
      </inlinemediaobject>
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      3. A: Wo xiāng mSi Yingwén bào.
    </para>
    <para>
      <emphasis role="smallcaps">Bí Hǎo. Jiù zài zhèli.</emphasis>
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      I would like to buy an English-language newspaper,
    </para>
    <para>
      Fine. They're right here.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      CÉ e
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      <inlinemediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-5.jpg" />
        </imageobject>
      </inlinemediaobject>
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      tie re ?
    </para>
    <para>
      Neutral
    </para>
    <para>
      ÍB
    </para>
    <para>
      , there «ech of in mini and. the
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Note On.No- 3
    </para>
    <para>
      The auxiliary verb xiǎng is sometime a translated as &quot;would
      like to&quot; or
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      to want to. Here are some examples xiíng:
    </para>
    <para>
      Wo xiang māi Yìngwén bào.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Wo xiang tā xiǎng míngtiān sou.
    </para>
    <para>
      Wo hěn xiāng r.iàn shū.
    </para>
    <para>
      Wo btì. tài xiang qil.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      of translations you have learned for
    </para>
    <para>
      I’m thinking of buying an English-language newspaper. OR í would
      like to buy an English-language newspaper. OB I want to buy an
      English-language newspaper.
    </para>
    <para>
      I think he is planning to leave tomorrow.
    </para>
    <para>
      I very much want to study.
    </para>
    <para>
      I don't want to go very much. LTal, meaning &quot;too,&quot;
      &quot;excessively,&quot; appears in Unit 3-1
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      npletely of the liablea
    </para>
    <para>
      ;ag<superscript>Ē</superscript>
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      A; Zhēge duoshao qiání B: Wukuài ci an.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      How much is thia one? Five dollars.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      <emphasis role="smallcaps">I/.ě- an No. li</emphasis>
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      &quot;Then is nactly.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      fl-nd. a r to the
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Zhège duoshao qian? In Chinese sentences that ask for and give
      prices, the word shì, &quot;to bē~?<superscript>r</superscript>~ia
      usually omitted.
    </para>
    <para>
      MON, Unit 1
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Zhàge
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      duōshao qián?
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      (This one
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      how much money?)
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Shi reappears, however, in negative and contrastive sentences:
      Zhège bú shi sìkuài qián, shi wǔkuài qián, &quot;This (item) isn't
      four dollars; it's five dollars.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      Wǔkuài aián literally means &quot;five dollars money,&quot; The
      counter -kuài, &quot;dollar,'* indicates the units of the general
      class &quot;money&quot; that are being counted (i.e., dollars as
      opposed to cents).
    </para>
    <para>
      5. A: Zhège Zhōngwén bào duoshao qián?
    </para>
    <para>
      B: Sānkuài qián yífēn.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      How much is the Chinese-language
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      newspaper?
    </para>
    <para>
      Three dollars a copy.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Notes on No, 5
    </para>
    <para>
      Notice in the sentence Zhège Zhōngwén bào duōshao qián?, that the
      general counter -ge is used rather than the specific counter -fen,
      &quot;copy.&quot; The counter -ge is often used in talking about
      the KIND of thing. In this case the question is about the price of
      a newspaper as a publication, not about the price of a copy. The
      specific counter would be used to talk about a particular concrete
      object, as in a sentence like &quot;This copy of the China Post is
      torn.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      Yífèn: In Chinese, when you talk about the unit price of an item,
      the unit is a counter. Notice that yífàn comes at the end of the
      sentence, just as &quot;a copy&quot; does in English.
    </para>
    <para>
      6. A: Nlnten zhèli mài MÈiguo         Do you sell American
      magazines here?
    </para>
    <para>
      zázhì bu mai?
    </para>
    <para>
      Mài. Women zhèli mài.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Yes, we sell them here.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Notes on No. 6
    </para>
    <para>
      Mài, &quot;to sell,&quot; differs from the word mǎi, &quot;to
      buy,&quot; only in its tone.
    </para>
    <para>
      bú
    </para>
    <para>
      's
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      uài , eing
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      age
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      = general The his case t about lOUt .he China
    </para>
    <para>
      tem, the snce, Just I
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Lues here?
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Bīmen zhèli, &quot;your place here,&quot; literally, &quot;you
      here<superscript>1</superscript>': Use nīmen zheli -■hen talking
      to someone who represents a store, a bank, or other institutions.
      By putting zhèlí (zhèr), &quot;here,&quot; or nàli (nàr),
      &quot;there,&quot; after a person’s name or a pronoun, you make a
      phrase referring to a place associated with the person. For
      example, nǐ nàli means &quot;over there where y_- are now,&quot;
      and wo zhèli means &quot;here where I am now.&quot; Use these
      phrases when you want to express the idea of an item being close
      to a person (not necessarily ownership).
    </para>
    <para>
      ?»ǐ nàli you bl meiyou?         Do you have a pen over there?
      (i.e.,
    </para>
    <para>
      &quot;Is there a pen over there where you are?&quot;)
    </para>
    <para>
      This kind of phrase is also used to mean a person’s home: nī nàli,
      &quot;your place&quot; (used when the speaker is not at &quot;your
      house&quot;); wo zhèli, &quot;my place&quot; (used when the
      speaker is at home)
    </para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          A: Chěn Xiǎojiě zài nàli? Where is Miss Chen?
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          B: Tā zài Liú Tàitai nàli. She is at Mrs. Liu's house.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      yǐmen zheli mài Meiguo aazhi bu mai? In this sentence, nlmen zhèli
      is used as a topic. Literally, the sentence means &quot;As for
      your place here, ere American magazines sold?&quot;
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          T. A: Zhège duǒshao qián?
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>
      B: Sànshlkuài qián yìběn.
    </para>
    <para>
      A: Hǎo, wǒ mai yìběn.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      How much is this one? Thirty dollars a copy. Fine, I'll buy one.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Mete on No. 7
    </para>
    <para>
      The counter -běn, &quot;volume,&quot; &quot;copy,&quot; is used
      for both books and magazines.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      A: Bǐmen zhèli y&lt;5u Meiguo shǔ meiyou?
    </para>
    <para>
      c: Duìbuqī, Meiguo shǔ w5men bú. mài.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Do you have any American books here?
    </para>
    <para>
      I’m sorry, we don’t sell American books here.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      c. 8
    </para>
    <para>
      its tone.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      literally means &quot;unable to face (you).&quot; This word is
      used to &quot;I'z sorry&quot; when you bump into a person, arrive
      late, and so on. It is not the word, for &quot;I’m sorry&quot;
      when you sympathize with someone else's misfortune (e.g&gt;, when
      a relative dies).
    </para>
    <para>
      Měiguo shū women bú nài; In this sentence, Mei gio shū, the object
      of the verb mài, occurs at the beginning, in topic position. Here
      the order of the sentence elements is topic, subject, verb. Some
      speakers of English use this same word order. Compare:
    </para>
    <informaltable>
      <tgroup cols="3">
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                Měiguo shū
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                women
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                bú mài.
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                (American books
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                we
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                don't sell.)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    <para>
      Notice that bú mài is not the ending of a yes/no-choice Question.
      The phrase keeps its tones in this sentence.
    </para>
    <para>
      9. A: Bào, zázhì, yígòng duōshao qián?
    </para>
    <para>
      B: Bào wǔkuài, zázhì sānshikuài.
    </para>
    <para>
      B; Yígòng sānshiwǔkuài qi&amp;n.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      How much are the newspaper and magazine altogether?
    </para>
    <para>
      The newspaper is five dollars; the magazine is thirty dollars.
    </para>
    <para>
      Altogether, it’s thirty-five dollars.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Notes on No. 9
    </para>
    <para>
      Yígòng, &quot;altogether&quot;: In totaling something up, the
      items being totaled begin the sentence, in topic position, and are
      followed by the adverb yígòng.
    </para>
    <para>
      In many situations you will hear prices given without the word
      qián.
    </para>
    <para>
      10.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      A: Nímen zhèli mài dìtú bu mai?
    </para>
    <para>
      B: Mài. Zài nàli.
    </para>
    <para>
      Do you sell maps here?
    </para>
    <para>
      We do. They’re over there.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      11, B: Nín xiǎng mǎi shēnme dìtú?
    </para>
    <para>
      A: Wǒ xiǎng mai yìzhāng Táibei dìtú.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      What kind of map would you like to buy?
    </para>
    <para>
      I would like to buy a map of Taipei.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Notes on Np. 11
    </para>
    <para>
      Bhénuie ditú literally means &quot;what map.” In exchange 11, thia
      phrase ÍS Used to mean &quot;what kind of nap.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      Tìzhāng: The counter -zhang is used for flat objects. Literally,
      yìbjhāng Taibei dìtú means ”one-sheet Taipei map.&quot; In
      exchange 11, the phrase is trans luted simply as &quot;a map of
      Taipei.&quot;
    </para>
    <para>
      12. A: Zhèzhāng Táibei dìtú duōshao qian?
    </para>
    <para>
      E: Shierkuai qián.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      íìow much la this map of Taipei?
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Twelve dollars.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Note on No. 12
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      e
    </para>
    <para>
      ars.
    </para>
    <para>
      -.aled
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      aipel.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Zhè zhang, dìtú; Compare the two phrases which follow.
    </para>
    <informaltable>
      <tgroup cols="5">
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                zhè
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                -zhang
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                dìtú
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                (this map)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                she
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                liǎng
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                -zhéng
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                dìtú
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                (these two maps)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      In the first phrase, the counter -zhang does not have a number in
      front of it. In effect, the number 1 was dropped after the
      specifier the. Notice that when a specifier and a number occur
      together in Chinese, the word order is Just like English: she
      liǎngEhāng dìtú, ’’these two imaps.”
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      13. lli.
    </para>
    <para>
      15. lé.
    </para>
    <para>
      1&quot;.
    </para>
    <para>
      19.
    </para>
    <para>
      2'1.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      yífèn(r) bāozhī yìzhl hi yìzhāng zhī yìběn zìdiSn Han-Ying zìdiǎn
      Yfng-Hàn zìdiǎn huàxue shùxué
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      one newspaper one pen one piece of paper one dictionary
    </para>
    <para>
      Chinese-English dictionary English-Chinese dictionary chemistry
      mathematics
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      ; ī ?r. Additional Required Vocabul ary
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      B&amp;othí and bao, two words for <superscript>11</superscript>
      newspaper,” are interchangeable.
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      YìzhI bī: The counter for pens, -zhǐ, is the counter for straight,
      sticklike objects.
    </para>
    <para>
      Hàn-Yīng zìdiSn, Yǐng-Hàn. zìdiǎn: The word for
      &quot;Chinese&quot; in these expressions comes from Han Dynasty
      (206 B.C. to A.D. 219). Han is often used in titles to refer to
      the Chinese people and to their language.
    </para>
    <para>
      <inlinemediaobject>
        <imageobject>
          <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-6.jpg" />
        </imageobject>
      </inlinemediaobject>
    </para>
    <para>
      A scene on the lake at the Summer Palace, Beijing
    </para>
    <section xml:id="drills">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark38" /><anchor id="bookmark52" />DRILLS</title>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-7.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        A. Transformation Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Zhèli you Yīngwén bào ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (Do you have any
      </para>
      <para>
        English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Zheli you Zhōngwén bao ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zheli you Hàn-Yīng zìdiān ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        . Zheli you Měiguo shū ma?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Nàli you Zhōngwén zāzhì ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Nàli yōu Zhōngguo dìtú ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Nàli you Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            B. Transformation Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Yīngwén bào zài wō shell.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (The English-language newspaper is over here by me.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Zhōngguo dìtú zài nīmen zhèli ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Měiguo zázhì zài zhèli.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Hàn-Yīng zìdiSn zài nàli.
      </para>
      <para>
        5. Zhōngwén bào zài zhèli.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhōngwén zìdiān zài tā nàli,
      </para>
      <para>
        7. Zhōngguo lìshī shū zài women zhèli.
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Zheli you Yīngwén bào meiyou? (Do you have any
        English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèli you Zhōngwén bào meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zheli yōu Han-Yīng zìdiSn meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèli you Měiguo shū meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàli yōu Zhōngwén tāzhì meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàli yōu Zhōngguo dìtú meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàli you Yīng-Hàn zīdiān meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Wǒ zhèli you Yīngwén bào.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Over here by me is an English language newspaper.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nīmen zhèli you Zhōngguo ditú ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèli you Měiguo zàzhì.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàli yōu Hàn-Yīng zìdiān.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèli yōu Zhōngwén bào,
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā nàli yōu Zhōngwén zìdiān.
      </para>
      <para>
        WSmen zhèli you Zhōngguo lìshī shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        MCI
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            C. Response Prill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Zhèige duoshao qián? (sjje) $5
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (How much is this?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark53">2. Nèige duōshao qián?</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark54">3. Zhèiběn duōshao qián?</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark55">U.  Nèizhāng duōshao qián?</link>
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark56">5, Zhèifèn duōshao qián?</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark57">6. Nèibǎn duōshao qián?</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark58">7. Zhèifèn duōshao qián?</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Zhèige wǔkuSi qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        (This is five dollars.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèige liǎngkuai qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèibǎn sìshikuǎi qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèizhāng qíkuài qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèifèn shíèrkuài qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèiběn èrshikuài qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèifèn sìkuài qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        D. Transformation Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Zhèige zìdiǎn duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (How much is this Ckind ofJ dictionary?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Nèige dìtú duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zhèige zázhì duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1*. Nèige bào duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Zhèige lìshī duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Nèige Yīngwén bāo duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Zhèige Hàn-Yǐng zìdiǎn duōshao qián?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Zhèiběn zìdiǎn duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much is this dictionary?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèizhāng dìtú duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèiběn zázhì duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Neifen bào duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèiběn lìshī duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        NŌifen Yīngwán bào duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèiběn Hàn-Yìng zìdiǎn duōshao qián
      </para>
      <para>
        E. Transformation Drill,
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Bao duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) copy
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much is the newspaper? )
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: YÍfèn bào duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much is one newspaper?)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-8.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        2. ZĪdiǎn duoshao qián? volume
      </para>
      <para>
        3. Dìtú duōshao qián? sheet
      </para>
      <para>
        t, Zázhì liǎngkuài qián. volume
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Zhōngguo dìtú duoshao qián? sheet
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Shu liukuài qián, volume
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Ying-Han zìdiǎn bákuāi qián, volume
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Yìběn zìdiǎn duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìzhāng dìtú duōshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìběn zázhì liǎngkuài qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìzhāng dìtú duoshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìběn shū liùkuai qián.
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìběn Yíng-Hàn zìdiǎn bákuài qián
      </para>
      <para>
        qiirJ .onary?)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        J qìín?
      </para>
      <para>
        .ōshao qi^
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        *’ ■ Response Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Tā xiǎng mǎi dìtú ma? (cue} 3
      </para>
      <para>
        (Xs he thinking of buying maps?)
      </para>
      <para>
        2. Ta xiang mǎi shū ma? 1
      </para>
      <para>
        *. Tā xiang mai zìdiǎn ma?   2
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            -. Tā xiǎng mǎi Zhongwen bào ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Tā xiǎng mǎi Měiguo zázhì ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Tā xiǎng mǎi Jīngjixuá ma? U
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        &quot;, Tā xiǎng mǎi Zhāngzhīxuá ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        2
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Duì le, tū xiǎng mǎi sānzhāng dìtú.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Right; he la thinking of buying three maps.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, tā xiǎng eái yìběn shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, ta xiǎpg mǎi liāngběn zìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, tā xiǎng mǎi yífèn Zhōngwen bào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, tā xiang mǎi yìben Měiguo zázhì.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, ts xiǎng mǎi sīběn Jingjixuá.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le, tā xiǎng mǎi liǎngběn Zhēng-zhixuē,
      </para>
      <para>
        ,£n?
      </para>
      <para>
        íSpapCT? ■'
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        -■. Response Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Zhège bào sankuài qián. (cue) 1
      </para>
      <para>
        (This newspaper is three dollars.)
      </para>
      <para>
        L i-’ège zìdiǎn qfkuai qián. 2
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You:
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hǎo, wō mǎi yífen, (Fine; 1’11 buy a copy.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hao, wo mǎi liǎngbǎn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Nàge zǎzhì sānshikuai qiǎn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            &gt;4. Zhège Yīngwén bào wúkuài qiǎn, 1
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Nàge dìtú shíèrkuài qian. 3
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Nàge Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn wǔshikuài qiǎn.    2
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Zhège Tǎiběi dìtú shíwúkuài qiǎn,    1
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="4">
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Hǎo,
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      wǒ
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mai
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yìběn.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Hǎo,
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      wo
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mǎi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yífèn.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Hǎo,
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      wo
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mǎi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      sānzhāng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Hǎo,
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      w
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      WO
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mǎi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      liǎngběn.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Hǎo,
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      wo
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mǎi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yìzhàng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            H. Transformation Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Zhèifèn bào duōshao qiǎn?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (How much is thia newspaper? )
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Zhèiběn zìdiǎn wǔshikuài qiǎn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zhèizhāng dìtú duoshao qian?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            U. Zhèiběn Měiguo shū wúkuài qiǎn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Zhèifèn Yīngwén bào duoshao qiǎn?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Zhèiběn zǎzhì lian^tuai qiǎn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7- Zhèiběn Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn duōshao qian?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Zheige bào duōshao qiǎn yífèn?
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much is this newspaper per copy?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèige zìdiǎn wǔshikuài qiǎn yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zheige dìtú duōshao qiǎn yìzhàng?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèige Měiguo shū wúkuài qiǎn yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zheige Yīngwén bào duōshao qiǎn
      </para>
      <para>
        yífèn?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèige zǎzhì liǎngkuài qiǎn yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèige Hàn-Yīng zidiǎn duōshao qiǎn yìběn?
      </para>
      <para>
        I. Response Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Zhège zǎzhì duōshao qiǎn?
      </para>
      <para>
        (fiua) $30
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much is this magazine?)
      </para>
      <para>
        2, Nàge Tǎiběi dìtú duoshao qiǎn? $12
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Zhège zǎzhì sānshikuài qiǎn yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Thirty dollars a copy.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàge Tǎiběi dìtú shíèrkuài qiǎn yìzhàng.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhège Zhongwen bào duōshao qián? $3
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàge Meiguo zázhì duōshao qián? $30
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhège Yīngwán bào duoshao qián? $5
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">t. líàge Han-Yǐng zìdiǎn duōshao
        qián? $i&gt;2</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        7* Zhège Taiwan dìtú duōshao qián? $10
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhège Zhōngwén bào sānkuài qián yífèn,
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàge Meiguo zázhì sánshikuài qián yìbǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhège Yīngwén bào wǔkuai qián yīfèn-
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàge Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn sìshilrkuāi qian yìb?n,
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhàge Táiwán dìtú shíkuài qián yī-zhāng.
      </para>
      <para>
        /ífenī per per
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        yìbSn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        lāng?
      </para>
      <para>
        i yìb?n.
      </para>
      <para>
        ián
      </para>
      <para>
        yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        iao qián
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        i rziis formation Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        Speaker: Nīmen zhsli you Yīngwen bào ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Do you have English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        □R Nīmen zheli mai Yīng-wěn bào ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Do you sell English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nǐzen zhèli you Zhōngwen zázhì ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        5imen zhèli mài Tálbǎi dìtú ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Mīrnen zhèli you Uàn-Yīng zìdiǎn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        līmen zhèli you Ying-Han zìdiǎn FJl?
      </para>
      <para>
        STmen zhèli mài ZhÒngwén bào ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        You; Nīmen zhèli yōu Yīngwen bào meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Do you have English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        ZÍǎmen zhèli mài Yīngwen bào bu mai?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Do you sell English-language newspapers here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Nīmen zheli you Zhōngwáīi zázhì meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nīmen zhèli mài Taihei dìtú bu mai?
      </para>
      <para>
        NTmen zhèli yōu Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nìmen zhèli you Yīng-Hàn zīdiSn meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        Nīmea zhĚli mài EhongwSo bào bu mai?
      </para>
      <para>
        . qián
      </para>
      <para>
        qián
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        K, Response Drill
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      1. Speaker: Nīmen zhèli you Měiguo shū meiyou?
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <para>
                  (cue) yōu
                </para>
                <para>
                  (Bo you have American books here?)
                </para>
                <para>
                  OR     Nīmen zhèli you Měiguo
                </para>
                <para>
                  shū meiyou?
                </para>
                <para>
                  (cue) méiyou
                </para>
                <para>
                  (Do you have American books here?)
                </para>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      2. Nīmen zhèli yōu Zhōngguo dìtú meiyou?    yōu
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      3. Nīmen zhèli you Zhōngguo lìshī meiyou?
                         meiyou
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      h. Nīmen zhèli you Zhōngwén bao meiyou?    you
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <para>
                  5. Nīmen zhèli you Měiguo zazhì meiyou?    meiyou
                </para>
                <para>
                  6. Nīmen zhèli you Yīngwén shū meiyou?    yōu
                </para>
                <para>
                  L. Transformation Drill
                </para>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      1, Speaker; Bào duōshao qian?
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <para>
                  (cue) zazhì
                </para>
                <para>
                  (How much is the newspaper? )
                </para>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      2, Dìtú duōshao qian?    zìdiǎn
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      3. Zǎzhì duōshao qian? bào
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
                <para>
                  It, Zìdiǎn duōshao qiǎn? dìtú
                </para>
                <itemizedlist>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      5. Bao duōshao qiǎn? zǎzhì
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      6. Dìtú duōshao qiǎn?    zìdiǎn
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                  <listitem>
                    <para>
                      7. Zǎzhì duoshao qiǎn?    bào
                    </para>
                  </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  You: You, zài nàli.
                </para>
                <para>
                  (We do, over there.)
                </para>
                <para>
                  Duìbuqī, wōmen meiyou. Ll'm sorry, we don't)
                </para>
                <para>
                  You, zài nàli.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Duìbuqī, women meiyou.
                </para>
                <para>
                  You, zài nàli.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Dùibuqī, women meiyou.
                </para>
                <para>
                  You, zài nàli.
                </para>
                <para>
                  You: Bao, zǎzhì yígōng duōshao qiǎn? (How much are the
                  newspaper and the magazine altogether?)
                </para>
                <para>
                  Dìtú, zìdiǎn yígong duōshao qiǎn? Zǎzhì, bào yīgòng
                  duōshao qiǎn?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Zìdiǎn, dìtú yígong duōshao qiǎn? Bào, zǎzhì yígòng
                  duōshao qiǎn?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Dìtú, zìdiǎn yígòng duōshao qiǎn? Zǎzhì, bào yígòng
                  duōshao qiǎn?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        iao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        □aper and her?)
      </para>
      <para>
        qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        [ián?
      </para>
      <para>
        5 qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        qian?
      </para>
      <para>
        o qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        qián?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        M, Response Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker: Tā xiang mǎi shenme dìtú?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        {cue) TāibSi
      </para>
      <para>
        (What kind of map is he thinking of buying?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2, Ta xiǎi’jg mat shánme zīdiǎn?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Hàn-Yīng
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Tā xiǎng mǎi shénme bào? Zhōngwen
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        ii. Tā xiǎng mǎi shénme shu? Měiguo
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Tā xiǎng mǎi shĚnme dìtú? Taiwan '
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            -j, Tā xiǎng mǎi shénme zázhìī Měiguí
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        7. Ts xiǎng mai shĚnme shū?
      </para>
      <para>
        Ylngwěn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: Tā xiǎng mai yìzhāng Táiběl dìtú.
      </para>
      <para>
        (tie is thinking of buying a map of Taipei.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Ta xiǎng mai yìben Hān-Yíng zìdiǎn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā xiǎng mǎi yífèn ZhōngwÉn bào.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā xiang mǎi yìběn Měiguo shū.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā xiǎng mǎi yìzhāng Taiwan dìtfi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā xiǎng mai yìběn Měiguo zāzhì.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā xiang mǎi yìběn Yīngwén shū.
      </para>
<literallayout>
<anchor id="caption3" /></literallayout>
    </section>
  </section>
  <section xml:id="unit-2">
    <title><anchor id="bookmark59" /><anchor id="bookmark60" />UNIT
    2</title>
    <section xml:id="aeference-list">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark44" /><anchor id="bookmark61" />AEFERENCE
      LIST</title>
      <para>
        (in Beijing}
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, A: VS xiāng mǎi diǎnr diānxin.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. At Zhèige xiǎo dianxin duōshao qián yìjīn?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            B: Bām£o qián yìjīn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. A: Gei wo liǎngjīn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        U, A:. Qīng ni gěi Wo liángjīū.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Bi Win hái yào diǎnr sherrne?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            A: Wǒ hái yào qìshuī.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. A: Duōshao qián yìpíng?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        B; LiajlgjnSū víífen qian.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. A: Zhèi ahi sānkuàí qián.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            B: Zhao ni liùmáo wufēn qián.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        A; Xièxie. Zàijiàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Bi Zèljlàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        8, A; Dà píngguo duoshao qián jrìjīnī
      </para>
      <para>
        Bt Dade sìmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn.
      </para>
      <para>
        9, A: Xiǎode duōshao qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        B: Eānniáo wǔ.
      </para>
      <para>
        10. At Qīng gěi wo sǎnjīn nèige xíāode,
      </para>
      <para>
        Bt Hao. Sǎnjīn yíkuài ling vu.
      </para>
      <para>
        11. Bt Nín hái yào shénme?
      </para>
      <para>
        A; Wō bú yào ahécree le.
      </para>
      <para>
        I'm going to buy some pastries.
      </para>
      <para>
        How much are these small pastries per catty?
      </para>
      <para>
        Eighty cents a catty.
      </para>
      <para>
        Give me two catties.
      </para>
      <para>
        Please give me two catties.
      </para>
      <para>
        What else do you want?
      </para>
      <para>
        I want some soda too.
      </para>
      <para>
        How much is it per bottle7
      </para>
      <para>
        It's twenty&quot;five cents-
      </para>
      <para>
        Here's three dollars.
      </para>
      <para>
        Here's sixty-five cents (in] change.
      </para>
      <para>
        Thank you. Good-hye,
      </para>
      <para>
        Good-bye.
      </para>
      <para>
        How much are the large apples per catty1
      </para>
      <para>
        The large ones are forty-five cents a catty.
      </para>
      <para>
        How much per catty are the snail ones?
      </para>
      <para>
        Thirty-five cents.
      </para>
      <para>
        Please give me three catties of those small ones.
      </para>
      <para>
        Certainly. Three catties are $1.05
      </para>
      <para>
        What else would you like?
      </para>
      <para>
        ī don't want anything else.
      </para>
      <para>
        es
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        change.
      </para>
      <para>
        <subscript>s</subscript> per
      </para>
      <para>
        e cents
      </para>
      <para>
        nail
      </para>
      <para>
        s of
      </para>
      <para>
        re $1.05
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1
        tapes)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  12.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jíizi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  oranges, tangerines
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  13.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pí Jií
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  beer
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  11.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yíkuài féizào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one bar of soap
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  15.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zuo mǎimai
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to do business
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  16.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàren
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  adult
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  17.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiaoháizi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  child
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-9.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        A fruit seller in central Taivan
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <section xml:id="vocabulary">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark7" /><anchor id="bookmark62" />VOCABULARY</title>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dà
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to &quot;be large
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dàren
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    adult
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -de
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (marker of modification)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    diānr
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    a little, some
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    diǎnxin (yíkuài, yìjln)
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    pastry, snack
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    feizèo (yíkuài)
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    soap
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -fēn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    cent
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    gēi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to give
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hái
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    also, additionally
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -jin
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    catty (1,1 pound)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    júzi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    oranges, tangerines
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -kuài
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    piece (counter)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ling
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zero
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    mǎimai
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ■business
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -tnāo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dime
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    píjiǔ
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    beer
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -ping
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    bottle
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    pfngguó (píngguo)
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    apple
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    qīng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    please
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    qìshuī
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    soda, carbonated soft drink
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xiǎo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be small
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xiǎoháizi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    child
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to want
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zaij iān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    good-bye
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zhāo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to give change
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zuò mSimai
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to do business
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          (introduced on P-2 tape}
        </para>
        <para>
          gongxiāo hězuoshē
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          supply and marketing cooperative
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="reference-notes-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark8" /><anchor id="bookmark63" />REFERENCE
        NOTES</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. A: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi diǎnr diǎnxin. I*m going to buy some
              pastries.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Note on No., 1
        </para>
        <para>
          Diǎnr: The word yìdiǎnr (or yìdiǎn) is a combination of the
          number yí, &quot;one,<superscript>,r</superscript>&quot;and
          the counter diǎn, &quot;a dot ,<superscript>7</superscript>'
          &quot;a little bit.” The number yī is often toneless, or, as
          in this case, dropped when its meaning is &quot;a” rather than
          &quot;one.”
        </para>
        <para>
          The Beijing version of this word, written dianr or yidiǎnr, ia
          actually pronounced as if written diǎr or yidiǎr. These words
          rhyme with the English &quot;tar.”
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. At Zhèige xiǎo diǎnxin duoshao Hov much are these small
              pastries qiǎn yìjinī                     per cattyī
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              B: Bāmāo qiǎn yìjīn.               Eighty cents a catty.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 2
        </para>
        <para>
          A J In is a unit of weight, usually translated as
          &quot;catty.&quot; In most parts of China a jīn equals 1.1
          pound.
        </para>
        <para>
          Ssmǎo: You must use the equivalent of &quot;eight dimes” to
          say &quot;eighty cents.” It ia wrong to say bāshifēn for
          &quot;eighty cents.&quot;
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. A: Gei wo liǎngjin.                Give me two cattiea.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          U. A: Qīng ni gěi wo liǎngjin.       Please give me two
          catties.
        </para>
        <para>
          Notes on Nos. 3-U
        </para>
        <para>
          :erative
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Indirect object: Notice that the Indirect object, wg, precedes
          the direct object, liǎngjin, Just as &quot;me&quot; precedes
          &quot;two catties” in English.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Gěi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    wo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    liǎngjīn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Give
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    me
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    two catties.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          Polite requests: A blunt imperative in Chinese has the same
          word order as a command in English: (Nǐ), verb, indirect
          object, direct object. To make a polite request in Chinese,
          start off with qǐng, ’’please,<superscript>1</superscript>' or
          qǐng ní, &quot;please you.&quot; More literally, qǐng means
          &quot;to ask,<superscript>1</superscript>’ &quot;to
          request,&quot; but the idiomatic equivalent of gang and qǐng
          ni is &quot;please.&quot; Here are the three types of
          imperatives:
        </para>
        <para>
          5. B: Nín hái yào diānr shénme?
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Wǒ hái yào qìshuǐ.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What else do you want? I want some soda too.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Gěi
        </para>
        <para>
          wo
        </para>
        <para>
          liangjIn,
        </para>
        <para>
          (Give me two catties.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qǐng
        </para>
        <para>
          gěi
        </para>
        <para>
          wo
        </para>
        <para>
          liangjin.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Please give me two catties. OH Give me two catties, please.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qǐng
        </para>
        <para>
          ni
        </para>
        <para>
          gěi
        </para>
        <para>
          wo
        </para>
        <para>
          liángjīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 5
        </para>
        <para>
          Hái: In exchange 5, hái means something like &quot;in
          addition&quot;: &quot;What do you want a little of in
          addition?&quot; Since hái is an adverb, it is placed before
          the verb.
        </para>
        <para>
          Qìshuǐ, &quot;soda,&quot; refers to a carbonated soft drink,
          not to club soda.
        </para>
        <para>
          6. A: Duōshao qián yìpíng?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Liāngmáo wufēn qián.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          How much is it per bottle? It’s twenty-five cents.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 6
        </para>
        <para>
          Tone change for yǐ: The number 1, yī, changes tone when
          followed by another syllable. When followed by a syllable with
          a Falling tone, yī
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    has a Rising tone. When followed by tones, yī has a
                    Falling tone.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    syllables
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    with High, Rising, or Low
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HIGH TONE RISING TONE
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    FOLLOWS       FOLLOWS
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    LOW TONE FOLLOWS
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    FALLING TONE FOLLOWS
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          order ro
        </para>
        <para>
          ng ni, the
        </para>
        <para>
          jree
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yìjīn        yìpíng
        </para>
        <para>
          yìzhāng      yìmáo
        </para>
        <para>
          yìzhī        yìnián
        </para>
        <para>
          yìtián
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yìběn yìdian
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yífèn yíkuài Yíyuè
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Liǎngmáo wufēn qián: Notice that &quot;twenty-five cents&quot;
          la expressed in Chinese as dimes plus cents: &quot;two dimes
          and five cents.&quot;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-10.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          7. A; Zhèi shi sānkuài qián.
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Zhao ni liùmáo vǓfēn qián.
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Xièxie. Zàijlàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Zàijiàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Here’s three dollars.
        </para>
        <para>
          Here's sixty-five cents (in) change.
        </para>
        <para>
          Thank you. Good-bye.
        </para>
        <para>
          Good-bye.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on Ro. J
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhēlt In the first sentence of exchange 7, thjj, is used,
          without an attached counter. A specifier was also used without
          a counter in Nèi shi Mínzú Fàndiàn, &quot;That’s the
          Nationalities Hotel.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          The verb thǎo means &quot;to give change.&quot; ZhSo ni liùmáo
          wǔfēn qián means something like &quot;I'm giving you
          sixty-five cents in change?’
        </para>
        <para>
          at do seed
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          soda.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          8. A: Dà píngguǒ duōshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Dade sìtnáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          9. A: Xiǎode duōshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Sānmáo wǔ.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          How much are the large apples per catty?
        </para>
        <para>
          The large ones are forty-five cents a catty.
        </para>
        <para>
          How much per catty are the small ones?
        </para>
        <para>
          Thirty-five cents.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          .•ed by
        </para>
        <para>
          » EL
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on Nos. 8-g
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-11.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          The words děde and xiSode are translated as &quot;large
          ones&quot; and &quot;small ones.&quot; The nonspecific noun
          ~'<superscript>T</superscript>ones&quot; may be used because
          the specific thing being talked about (apples) was mentioned
          in an earlier sentence. The marker -de shows that dà and xiSo
          modify a noun mentioned earlier in the conversation. Like
          their English translations &quot;big ones&quot; and
          &quot;small ones,&quot; dàde and xiěode act as nouns.
        </para>
        <para>
          Sānmáo wǔ is an abbreviated way of giving a price. The last
          unit of money (in this case, fēn, &quot;cent&quot;) and the
          word for &quot;money,&quot; qián, are left out. The unit
          omitted is always the next unit below the unit which is
          expressed. For instance, &quot;three dollars and fifty
          cents&quot; is sānkuài wǔ. You know that the unit omitted is
          mao, &quot;dimes,&quot; because it is the next unit below
          kuài, &quot;dollars.&quot; A one-unit price such as
          &quot;three dollars&quot; or &quot;fifty cents&quot; can never
          be abbreviated this way, because there would be no way of
          determining the unit marker omitted.
        </para>
        <para>
          10.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A:
        </para>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Qing gěi wo sānjīn nèlge xiāode.
        </para>
        <para>
          HSo. SānJIn yíkuài ling wu.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Please give me three catties of those small ones.
        </para>
        <para>
          Certainly. Three catties are ?1.05
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 10
        </para>
        <para>
          Sānjīn něige xiSpde: The elements of this phrase appear in the
          following order: number, counter, specifier, noun, (in
          Chinese, units of measure, like Jīn, act as counters.)
          Earlier, you learned phrases whose elements appeared in a
          different order: specifier, number, counter, noun (ahei
          liǎngzháng dìtú). In both cases, the word order for the
          constructions is the same in Chinese and English.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="6">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    aān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -Jin
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    něige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xi&amp;ode
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (three
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    catties
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    of
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    those
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    small ones)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="6">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    něi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    sān
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -J In
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xiǎode
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (those
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    three
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    catties
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    of
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    small ones)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Xc. 13-Ills. 16. 17.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-12.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nèige is translated as &quot;those&quot; in the first sentence
          of exchange 10. Strictly speaking, něige can refer only to one
          item, since -ge is the counter for units. The apples, however,
          are regarded collectively as one category of things.
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-13.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          •hlng
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          the ones,&quot;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          . of ! left Lb
        </para>
        <para>
          WŪ. ict *unit &quot;fifty way of
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          of
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          $1.05.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          follow-measure ,
        </para>
        <para>
          ements
        </para>
        <para>
          hēi ions is
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ange 10. E the ly as
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-14.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Yíkuài líng ya: In a price, the word líng ia always used for a
          &quot;zero” in the dimes position. Tn yíkuài ling wǔ, líng
          appears in the &quot;dimes&quot; place, so you know that wu
          must refer to cents.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          11. B; Nín hái yao sheiune? At Wo bú yao shenrne le.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What else would you like?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          I don’t want anything else.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 11
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Bú yào shenme: The unstressed (and often toneless) word shenme
          corresponds to the indefinite pronoun &quot;anything&quot; in
          negative sentences.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Ní
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    shenme?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (You
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    want
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    what thing?)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Wo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    bú yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    shenme.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (X
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    don’t want
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    anything.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          This construction is commonly used to say &quot;I don’t want
          (I’m not buying, I'm not reading) anything MUCH.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Nī mǎi ahénme?                 What are you buying?
        </para>
        <para>
          W3 bù mǎi shenme, th! mǎi I’m not buying anything much; I’m
          yífèn bào.                      just buying a newspaper.
        </para>
        <para>
          Le: In the second sentence of exchange 11, new-situation le is
          used in a negative sentence. The sentence says that NOW Mr.
          Anderson does not want anything (while before, of course, he
          did want things).
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          12. Júzi
        </para>
        <para>
          13. píjiú
        </para>
        <para>
          It. yíkuài féíz&amp;o
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              15- zuS mǎimai
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              16. dàren
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              17. xiǎoháizi
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          oranges, tangerines beer
        </para>
        <para>
          one bar of aoap to do business adult
        </para>
        <para>
          Child
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Jfci: In earlier modules, this word would have been written
          Juzi. Starting in the Money Module, the umlaut (&quot;) will
          be written only after n and following the normal spelling rule
          in Pinyin romanization. You
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          will have to remember that the letter u after x, and £ 1&amp;
          pronounced aa if it were written u,
        </para>
        <para>
          Yíkuài feisao: The counter used for soap is -toi&amp;i■ It
          literally means”&quot;a lump&quot; but is also translated as
          <superscript>fl</superscript>a piece.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Zug maimai, &quot;to do business/trade&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā lai zuo maimal le.          He has come to do business.
        </para>
        <para>
          Daren, &quot;adult,<superscript>11</superscript> literally,
          &quot;big person&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā yijing ahi dàren le.        He is already an adult.
        </para>
        <para>
          Xiǎūhaizi: Although hftizl means &quot;child,&quot; the
          expression more commonly used is xiaohaizi, literally,
          &quot;small child.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          iced
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="drills-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark9" /><anchor id="bookmark64" />DRILLS</title>
        <para>
          mcniy
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A. Expansion Brill
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1, Speaker: Zhèige diǎnxin duōshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (How much are these pastries?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Zhèige qìshuī duōshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3, Nèige píngguǒ duōshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Nèige júzi duōshao qián?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Nèige píjiù duoshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Zhèige fēizào duōshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Dè píngguS duōshao qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Zhèige dièínxin duoshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <para>
          (How much are these pastries per catty?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige qìshuī duōshao qián yìpíng?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèige píngguǒ duōshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèige júzí duōshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <para>
          Neige pfjiù duōshao qián yìpíng? Zhèige fáizào duōshao qián
          yíkuèi? Dè píngguS duōshao qián yìjīn?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              E. Response Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Zhèige xiao dlānxin bāmáo qián yìjīn, (cue)
              li&amp;ig
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (These pastries are eighty cents per catty.)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Zhèige xiǎo píngguS sānmáo qián yìjīn, liǎng
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Nèige qìshuī yìmáo èr yìpíng. san
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          t. Zhèige da píngguS sìmao liù yìjīn, yī
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Nèige Zhōngguo dìtú liSngkuāi wǔ yìzhāng. yì
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Zheige píjiǔ liangmáo wù yìpíng, si
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Nèige Xinhua Zìdiǎn yíkuìi liangmáo wu yìběn. yī
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Hao. Qīng ni gSi wo liSngjīn. (Fine. Please give me two
          catties.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Háo. Qīng ni gěi wo liSngjīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Hao. Qīng ni gěi wo sānpíng.
        </para>
        <para>
          HSo. Qīng ni gei wo yìjīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Hao. Qīng ni gSi wo yìzhāng.
        </para>
        <para>
          HSo. Qīng ni gel wo sìpíng.
        </para>
        <para>
          <emphasis role="smallcaps">HKo. Qīng ni gěi wo
          yìběn.</emphasis>
        </para>
        <para>
          C. Expansion Prill
        </para>
        <para>
          1, Speaker: Zhèige píjiu hěn hXo. (This beer is very good.)
        </para>
        <para>
          3, Zhèige júzi hen hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          3. Nèige píngguo hěn hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          li, Zhèige feizào hen hǎo,
        </para>
        <para>
          5. Nèige zìdiǎn bin hǎc.
        </para>
        <para>
          6. Zhèige qìshul hen hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          7* Nèige dìtú hen hǎo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          You: Zhèige píjiu hěn hǎo. Duōshao qiǎn yìpíng?
        </para>
        <para>
          (This beer la very good. How much is it per bottle?)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Zheige júzi hěn hǎo. Duōshao qiǎn yījīn?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nèige píngguc hen hǎo, qiǎn yìjinī
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Zhèige fěizào hěn hǎo. qiǎn yíkuài?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nèige zìdiǎn hěn hǎo. yìběn?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Zhèige qìshuì hěn hǎo. yìpíng?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Duoshao
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Duōshao
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Duōshao qiǎn
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Duōshao qian
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nèige dìtú hen hǎo. Duōshao qiǎn yìzhang?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          D. Response Drill
        </para>
        <para>
          1, Speaker: Nín hǎi yào diǎnr shenme?
        </para>
        <para>
          (cue) qìshuī
        </para>
        <para>
          (What else would you like?)
        </para>
        <para>
          OR Nín hǎi yōu shĚnneí
        </para>
        <para>
          (cue) pij iǔ
        </para>
        <para>
          (What else do you have?)
        </para>
        <para>
          2, īīín hǎi yào diǎnr shenme?
        </para>
        <para>
          feizào
        </para>
        <para>
          3* Nín hǎi you shenme? dìtú
        </para>
        <para>
          1*. Nín hǎi yào diǎnr shǎnme? júzi
        </para>
        <para>
          5. NÍn hái you shenme? zìdiǎn
        </para>
        <para>
          Ě. Nín hái yào diǎnr shenme?
        </para>
        <para>
          diǎnxia
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          You: Wō hǎi yào liǎngpír.g qìshuī. (I would like two hotties
          of soda too.)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Wo hǎi you liangpíng píjiÚ.
        </para>
        <para>
          (l have two hotties of beer too.)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Wo
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <superscript>r</superscript>o
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <superscript>r</superscript>o
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Wo
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Vo
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          hǎi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          hǎi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          hǎi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          hǎi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          hǎi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yào li£ngkuai fēizāo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          you llǎngzhāng dìtú.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yào liǎngjin
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          you liangběn
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          yào liǎngjin
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          zìdiǎn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          diǎnxin.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-15.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <para>
          lí
        </para>
        <para>
          ū
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          111
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="xílr">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark65" /><anchor id="bookmark66" />Xílr</title>
        <para>
          35
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        E. Trans formation Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        .ōshao
      </para>
      <para>
        How
      </para>
      <para>
        I qián
      </para>
      <para>
        so
      </para>
      <para>
        iao
      </para>
      <para>
        ao qián
      </para>
      <para>
        ihao qi£n
      </para>
      <para>
        i qián
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-16.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        2
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Sneaker: Da píngguō duoshao qián? (cue) mao
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much are the big apples?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Da jǔzi duōshao qián? máo
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎo zìdiǎn duōshao qián? kuài
      </para>
      <para>
        Dà dìttì duōshao qián? máo
      </para>
      <para>
        Xi So jtízi duōshao qián?    máo
      </para>
      <para>
        Da zìdiǎn duōshao qián?    kuài
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiao diǎnxin duoshao qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        mSo
      </para>
      <para>
        qìshuī. ties
      </para>
      <para>
        píjiǔ.
      </para>
      <para>
        jf beer
      </para>
      <para>
        SO.
      </para>
      <para>
        ǔ.
      </para>
      <para>
        in.
      </para>
      <para>
        xin.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Response Dri11
      </para>
      <para>
        Speakerr Dade duōshao qián yìjīn? (cue)
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">(How much are the big ones per
        catty?</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode duoshao qiÉn yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        35 «
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode duōshao qián yīkuÈi?
      </para>
      <para>
        25$
      </para>
      <para>
        Dìde duōshao qián yìzhāng?
      </para>
      <para>
        $2,15
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode duōshao qián yìběn?
      </para>
      <para>
        $1.25
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode duōshao oián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        95&lt;
      </para>
      <para>
        Dàde duoshao qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        !i5t
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Dade jīmáo qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much Chow many dimes] are the big ones per catty?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Dàde jīmáo qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode jīkuài qián yìbǎn?
      </para>
      <para>
        Dàde jīzūáo qián yìzhāng?
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode jīmáo qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        Dade jīkuĚi qián yìběn?
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode jímáo qián yìjīn?
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Dǎde eìmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn. (The big ones are forty-five
        cents a catty*)
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode sānmác wúfēn qián yìjīn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode llǎngmáo wufēn qián yíkuài.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dade liǎngkuài yìmáo wǔfēn qián yìzhāng.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode yfkuái liSngmáo wǔfēn qián yfbSn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎode bāmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dǎde sìmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn.
      </para>
      <para>
        G, Response Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Da píngguō Jīmǎo qiǎn yìjín?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) U6Í
      </para>
      <para>
        (How much Chow many limes3 are the big apples per catty? )
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Xiao diǎnxin jīmǎo qiǎn yìjín? 80*
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Da píngguō sìmǎo liùfēn qian yìjín.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The big apples are forty-six cents a catty.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiao diǎnxin bāmǎo qiǎn yìjín.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3, Zhōngguo píjiǔ Jīmǎo qiǎn yìpíng? 25*
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Zhōngguo dìtú Jīmǎo qiǎn yìzhāng? 50*
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Xǐnhuǎ Zìdiǎn Jǐkuài qiǎn yìběn? $1.25 .
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Xiǎo píngguō Jīmǎo qiǎn yìjín? 30*
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Da júzi Jīmǎo qiǎn yìjín?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1+0*
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhōngguo píjiǔ liǎngmǎo wǔfēn qiǎn yìpíng.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhōngguo dìtú wǔmǎo qiǎn yìzhāng.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xīnhuǎ ZìdiSn yíkuài liǎngmǎo wǔfēn qiǎn yìběn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiǎo píngguō sannǎo qiǎn yìjín.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dà Júzi sìmǎo qiǎn yìjín.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            H. Transformation Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker: Wǒ yào nèige xiSode. (cue) liangjin
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (I want those small ones.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Wǒ yào nèige dàde.    siJ In
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Wo yào zhèige xiǎode. sānzháng
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        U. Wǒ yào zhèige dàde. liangzhāng
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. WǑ yào nèige xiǎode. yìjín
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6, Wō yào zhèige dàde. wǔjīn
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Wǒ yào nèige xiǎode. liǔjīn
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Qīng ni gěi wo liǎngjin nèige xiǎode,
      </para>
      <para>
        (Please give me two catties of those small ones.)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="1">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīng ni gei wo sìjīn nèige dÈde.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīng ni gěi wo sānzhāng zhèige
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiaode.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīng ni gěi wo liangzhāng zhèige
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàde.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīng ni gěi wo yìjín nèige xiǎode.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qing ni gěi wo wǔjīn zhèige dàde.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Qīng ni gěi wo liùjīn nèige xiǎode.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        I. Response Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        qián
      </para>
      <para>
        ;y-six
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-17.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        For your answers, use specific counters with liāng-.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Speaker: Nín hái yào dianr shēnme?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) píngguS (What else would you like?)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Nín hái yǒu shēnme?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) qìshuī
      </para>
      <para>
        (What else do you have?)
      </para>
      <para>
        NÍn hái yào dianr shétune? dianxin
      </para>
      <para>
        Nín hái yào dianr shēnme?
      </para>
      <para>
        júzi
      </para>
      <para>
        NÍn hái you shenme? fēizào
      </para>
      <para>
        Nín hái yào dianr shénme?
      </para>
      <para>
        dìtú
      </para>
      <para>
        Nín hái yào dianr shenme?
      </para>
      <para>
        píngguǒ
      </para>
      <para>
        Response Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        Speaker: Nín hái yào dianr shenme?
      </para>
      <para>
        (What else would you like?)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Nín hái yǒu shēnme? (What else do you have?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā hái yào diānr shénme?
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā hái yǒu shēnme?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wáng Xiānsheng hái yào dianr shenme?
      </para>
      <para>
        Hū Tàitai hái yǒu shénme?
      </para>
      <para>
        LĪ Xiansheng hái yào diānr shenme?
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Wo hái yào liangjIn píngguS.
      </para>
      <para>
        (I would like two catties of apples.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo hái ySu liĒngpíng qìshuī, (I have two bottles of soda.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo hái yào liangjIn diǎnxin.
      </para>
      <para>
        WS hái yào liangjIn júzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ hái ySu liǎngkuài féizàc.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo hái yào li&amp;ngzhāng dìtú.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ hái yào liSngjīn píngguǒ.
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Wǒ bú yào shenme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (I don't want anything else.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ méiyou shénme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (I don't have anything else.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā bú yào shenme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tǎ méiyou shénme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wáng Xiānsheng bú yào shenme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Tàitai méiyou shénme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Lī Xiānsheng bú yào shenme le.
      </para>
      <para>
        UNfT 3
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="reference-list-1">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark67" /><anchor id="bookmark68" />REFERENCE
      LIST</title>
      <para>
        (in Běijīng)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, A: Qīng ni gei wū kènkan nèige huapíng.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. B: ītèige? Zhèige lÉnde, híishi zhèige hongde?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. A: Nèi liǎngge dōu gěi wo kanban, hSo ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Bl HSo.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            U, A: Lande tel guī le.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        5, A: WS mai hóngde ba. HSngde piányi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Bi Ēng, hongde piǎnyi.
      </para>
      <para>
        6&gt; Ct Zhèi liangge xuésheng, nèíge hSo7
      </para>
      <para>
        D: Sima Xìn h£o.
      </para>
      <para>
        7. A: iīí you da yìdiǎnrde ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        B; YíSu. Nín kàn zhèige xBn-meyàng?
      </para>
      <para>
        6. A: Zhèige dstde zhēn hSokàn.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            9, A: Hǎo, wo mǎi dale ba.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Bi Nín yào Jǐge?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            A: Qīng g?i wo líKngge ba.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Please give me that vase to look at.l
      </para>
      <para>
        Which one? This blue one or thia red one?
      </para>
      <para>
        Give me both of them to look at. All right?
      </para>
      <para>
        Certainly.
      </para>
      <para>
        The blue one is too expensive.
      </para>
      <para>
        I'll buy the red one, I guess. The I red one is cheaper.
      </para>
      <para>
        Mm, the red one is cheaper.
      </para>
      <para>
        Which of these two students is better?
      </para>
      <para>
        Ēīm£ Xìn is better.
      </para>
      <para>
        Do you have one a little larger?
      </para>
      <para>
        We do. Wbat do you think of this one?
      </para>
      <para>
        This large one is really nice locking.
      </para>
      <para>
        Okay, I'll buy the large one, I guess.
      </para>
      <para>
        Row many do you want?
      </para>
      <para>
        How about giving me two, please.
      </para>
      <para>
        ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
      </para>
      <para>
        (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            10. bái                                 to be white
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            11. hēi                                 to be black
          </para>
          <para>
            13.
          </para>
          <para>
            15.
          </para>
          <para>
            16.
          </para>
          <para>
            , look at. H lì • 16.
          </para>
          <para>
            <superscript>DTthiB</superscript>   I    19.
          </para>
          <para>
            ■ok at.    I   <superscript>20</superscript>
          </para>
          <para>
            21.
          </para>
          <para>
            ;ive.
          </para>
          <para>
            uess- Tte I
          </para>
          <para>
            r.
          </para>
          <para>
            Jts is
          </para>
          <para>
            larger?
          </para>
          <para>
            k of this
          </para>
          <para>
            r nice
          </para>
          <para>
            e one, 1
          </para>
          <para>
            please.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            huāng
          </para>
          <para>
            lu
          </para>
          <para>
            Ji* xīn gāo
          </para>
          <para>
            gāoxìng nànkÈn yìbÚ yǔaān ken
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        to be yellow, to be brown
      </para>
      <para>
        to be green
      </para>
      <para>
        to be old, to be used, to be worn
      </para>
      <para>
        to be new
      </para>
      <para>
        to be tall
      </para>
      <para>
        to be abort (of stature)
      </para>
      <para>
        to be happy
      </para>
      <para>
        to be ugly
      </para>
      <para>
        one umbrella
      </para>
      <para>
        to read, to look at, to ViBit
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-18.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <section xml:id="reference-notes-2">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark32" /><anchor id="bookmark69" />REFERENCE
        NOTES</title>
        <para>
          1. A: Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan          Please give me that vase
          to look at.
        </para>
        <para>
          něige huapíng.
        </para>
        <para>
          dies)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Sctes on .Np.l
        </para>
        <para>
          Reduplication of action verbs: In the sentence above, the
          action verb kàn appears in reduplicated form: kànkan Cstress
          on first syllable; second syllable unstressed, usually
          toneless!. The reduplicated verb could also feave been formed
          with yī, &quot;one,” between the two syllables: k&amp;nyikan,
          lit er Billy, &quot;to look one look.” Kanyikan or kan is used
          when you vent to say <superscript>,T</superscript>to have/take
          a look (at something)7”
        </para>
        <para>
          Many, but not all, action verbs may be reduplicated. Of the
          verbs you Lave learned, niàn, shuo, ting, xiě, and xiang may
          be reduplicated this
        </para>
        <para>
          way.
        </para>
        <para>
          be worn
        </para>
        <para>
          on) sit
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Reduplication is another way of indicating aspect.* By using a
          Reduplicated verb, you express the INDEFINITENESS of an
          action. Use a Reduplicated verb when the duration or extent of
          an action or the amount faff a verb object is indefinite. For
          example, saying Qīng ni gěi wo kankan Bfage huāpíng indicates
          an indefinite duration for the action of looking fat -he vase.
        </para>
        <para>
          There are several reasons for using a reduplicated verb to
          indicate ^■definite action. In the Reference List sentence
          above, a speaker asks ■t~ission to look at something;
          therefore, his request must be tentative Kei undemanding.
        </para>
        <para>
          cheap
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Reduplicated verbs are not commonly used with the aspect
          marker le perhaps because stressing both the indefiniteness
          and the completion of Kí action would not be consistent). When
          completion le does occur with Kreduplicated verb, the marker
          is placed after the first half of that verb Rd before the
          second half. The second half of the reduplicated verb then
          ^■eeablea an object, as in &quot;looked one look&quot; or
          &quot;thought a thought.”
        </para>
        <para>
          Wo kànle kàn nèige huāpíng, I looked at that vase.
        </para>
        <para>
          and xiáng are the two verbs you have learned which may take le
          when ^fad-plicated-
        </para>
        <para>
          To make a reduplicated verb negative (with bú or měi) would be
          as wrong ^B spying in English &quot;I don't look at it a
          little.&quot; To say that an action ■enct performed, is
          habitually not performed, or will not be performed, simple
          form of the verb, not the reduplicated form:
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèifèn bào, wo hái meiyou I haven't read thia paper yet. kàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          aspect markers -gup, le, and ne have already been introduced.
          For the ing of the word &quot;aspect,&quot; see BIO, Unit U.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ bú kàn Zhōngwén bào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wo bú kàn zheige.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          I don’t read Chinese newspapers.
        </para>
        <para>
          I’m not going to read this.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          The objects of reduplicated action verbs cannot be indefinite.
          For example, it is wrong to say qing ni gěi wo kànkan yige
          huāpíng, because yige huāpíng, &quot;a vase,&quot; is
          indefinite—which vase is not known. However, reduplicated
          verbs may have noun objects which are specified, like nèige
          huāpíng, &quot;that vase.&quot;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Examples
        </para>
        <para>
          Niànnian shū, kankan bào dōu bin hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā jiù shi shuōshuo.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nī tīngting tā shuō shenme.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā tiāntiān dōu kànkan shū, xiěxie zì.
        </para>
        <para>
          Hi xiǎngxiang tā xìng shenme.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Notice that in some of the examples &quot;to look at.&quot;}
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Studying a little and reading a little are both nice.
        </para>
        <para>
          He's Just talking.
        </para>
        <para>
          Listen to what he is saying.
        </para>
        <para>
          Every day he reads a little and writes characters a bit.
        </para>
        <para>
          Try to think what his surname is. the verb kàn means &quot;to
          reed,&quot; not
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-19.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          2. B: Neige? Zhèige lānde, háishi Which one? zhèige hóngde?
                          red one?
        </para>
        <para>
          This blue one or this
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Note on No. 2
        </para>
        <para>
          HáiBhi means &quot;or.&quot; In a choice-type question without
          háishi, both choices must Include a verb; but in a question
          containing háishi, the second verb may be omitted.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="6">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    NT
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zhèige,
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    nèige?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    NT
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    háiahi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    nèige?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nī
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yào
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    háishi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    nèige?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          pers.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          *. A: Nei liangge dōu gel wo kinRan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          B; Hao.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Give me both of them to look at.
        </para>
        <para>
          All right?
        </para>
        <para>
          Certainly.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          For
        </para>
        <para>
          ?cause yige
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-20.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ing &amp;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Note on No. 3
        </para>
        <para>
          The word order of the first sentence is determined by the
          adverb doll. Normally, an object in a Chinese sentence follows
          the verb. But any object referred to by dō_u_ must cone before
          dou. And. dō_u itself, because it is an adverb, must precede
          the verb. Therefore, the object nei liangge has been mured to
          the initial topic position in the sentence above. Compare:
        </para>
        <para>
          jg.
        </para>
        <para>
          <emphasis role="smallcaps">Lb and</emphasis>
        </para>
        <para>
          name is.
        </para>
        <para>
          not
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-21.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A: lands tai guì le.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          The blue one is too expensive.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          s or this
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          c- t?n No. 1
        </para>
        <para>
          Le: The speaker is using new-sitnation la to reinforce the
          meaning ■f tai, &quot;too.” The new situation is the fact that
          the price la more than |r.í speaker expected.
        </para>
        <para>
          (1, both it, the
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A: &quot;Wo mai bÓngēe ba. H^ngde I’ll buy the red one, I
          guess. The pinnyi.                         red one is cheaper.
        </para>
        <para>
          E: Èng, bóngde pianyi.             Mra, the red one is
          cheaper.
        </para>
        <para>
          Itaā on Ko. 5
        </para>
        <para>
          Fiányl: The n in this word is not pronounced but gives a nasal
          quality the vowels around it,
        </para>
        <para>
          the English comparative form
          ’’cheaper<superscript>11</superscript> has been used for the
          basic form _.*i in the translation of exchange 5&gt; The
          Chinese says, in effect, &quot;It's the red one that's
          cheap.&quot; But adjectival verbs usually should be understood
          as comparatives.
        </para>
        <para>
          Neige piányi?                  Which one is cheaper?
        </para>
        <para>
          Hóngde piányi ma?              Is the red one cheaper?
        </para>
        <para>
          Hóngde piányi.                  The red one is cheaper.
        </para>
        <para>
          However, when preceded by adverbs (including the negative
          adverb bù), adjectival verbs generally lose their comparative
          meaning.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zheige yē piányi.               This one is cheap too.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige bù piányi.               This one isn't cheap.
        </para>
        <para>
          When no other adverb is appropriate, an adjectival verb may he
          made non-comparative by the addition of an unstressed hen.
          Since its function is simply to show that the verb is not
          comparative, it does not have the emphatic sense of stressed
          hen or English &quot;very.&quot;
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="6">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    piányi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (This one is
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    cheaper.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hěn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    piányi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (This one is
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    cheap.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    HEN
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    piányi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (This one is
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    VERY
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    cheap.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          Ěng is actually pronounced /fìg/, or like the nasal uh in
          &quot;uh-huh.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          6, C: Zhèi liǎngge xuesheng, neige Which of these two students
          is hǎo?                            better?
        </para>
        <para>
          D: Sīmǎ Xìn hǎo.                   Sīmǎ Xìn is better.
        </para>
        <para>
          Note on No. 6
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngge xuesheng,, nèige hǎo? Compare this Chinese
          sentence with an English translation:
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèi liǎngge xuesheng,
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    něige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hǎo?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (COfl these two students,
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    which
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    is better?)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          In both English and Chinese, the items being compared begin
          the sentence, In topic position. This word order is required
          in Chinese but is somewhat unusual in English.
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Nī yíu da yìdianrde ma?        Do you have one a little
          larger?
        </para>
        <para>
          ruder-              g. yg<subscript>Ui</subscript>
          jg|<subscript>n</subscript> ^àn <subscript>z</subscript>hèige
                     We do. What do you think of this
        </para>
        <para>
          tēnmeyàng?                     one?
        </para>
        <para>
          ' --- on Ho, 7
        </para>
        <para>
          Là yìdiǎnrde: An adjectival verb used in a comparison is often
          folloved by the word jìdiSntrls dà yīdiānr, &quot;larger by a
          little bit.&quot; Notice that the 7. ark er -de comes at the
          end of the modifying phrase: dā yīdi&amp;nrde, &quot;one that
          is larger by a little bit,'’ but that the modified noun which
          would hllav is omitted.
        </para>
        <para>
          » non-Lon 10 the
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Kan: The verb kàn means &quot;to look at.&quot; Nín kàn,
          therefore, can simply b<emphasis role="smallcaps">*</emphasis>
          '’Look.&quot; Often, however, kàn Is used to express an
          opinion and is be:' translated as &quot;in your/my/his/her
          view&quot; or, even more idiomatically, by the verb
          &quot;think.”
        </para>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-22.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nín kàn, huapíng jiù zài nàr. Look, the vase is right over
          there.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wo kàn íhēige huāpíng tài guì. I think this vase is too
          expensive.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige senmeyàng? does not contain the verb shì. Likewise, an
          answer he this question would not include shì■ Compare the
          Chinese and English fcríicns of these sentences:
        </para>
        <para>
          huh.”
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          is is
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ience with
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A: Zhèige dale zhén hǎokàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          This large one is really nice looking.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zěnmeyàngī
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (This
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    is howī)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hen hǎo.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (This
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    is good.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          e sentence, is somewhat
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          A: Hao, wo mai dàde ha.
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Nín yào yǐge?
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Qīng gěi wo llSngge ba.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Okay, I’ll buy the large one, I guess.
        </para>
        <para>
          How many do you want?
        </para>
        <para>
          How about giving me two, please.
        </para>
        <para>
          Note on No. 9
        </para>
        <para>
          Ba: You have learned that ba can be used as the Barker for a
          question which expresses supposition about an answer,
          requiring confirmation from the listener: HI shi Wèi Shàoxiào
          ba? ’’You are Major Weiss, aren’t you?” In exchange 9, ba is
          used as the marker for a tentative statement or imperative.
          The marker ba makes statements less certain and requests less
          blunt. Like ma, ba is always placed at the end of a sentence.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Wo mǎi báide.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (I'll buy the white ones.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Wǒ mSi bèide
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ba.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (I'll buy the white ones, I guess.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    QIng gěi wo liángge.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (Give me two, please.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng gěi wo liSngge
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ba.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    (How about giving me two, please.) 1
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    bāi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be white
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hēi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be black
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    huáng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be yellow, to be brown
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    13.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    id
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be green
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    114.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    jiù
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be old, to be used, to be worn
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    15.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xin
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be new
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    16.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    gao
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be tall
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    17.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Ki
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be short (of stature)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    18.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    gaoxìng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be happy
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    19.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    nánk&amp;n
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to be ugly
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    20.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    yìbǎ yGaǎn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    one umbrella
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    21.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    kan
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to read, to look at, to visit
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
        </para>
        <para>
          Colors: Adjectival verbs of color behave somewhat differently
          then other adjectival verbs, such as gui and da. To say in
          Chinese that something is a certain color, such as blue, you
          say that it is ”a blue one.”
        </para>
        <para>
          Zheige huāpíng Shi lánde.      This vase is blue.
        </para>
        <para>
          Něiběn shū shi hēide.          That book is black.
        </para>
        <para>
          Adjectival verbs:
        </para>
        <para>
          As you learned in BIO, adjectival verbs are state If the
          marker le
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-23.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          verbs and as such can be made negative only with bù.
        </para>
        <para>
          is used in a sentence whose verb is adjectival, the marker is
          new-situatio le. (See BIO, Unit 3, Reference Notes on Nos.
          7-8.)
        </para>
        <para>
          ;eātion from
        </para>
        <para>
          you?&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          r
        </para>
        <para>
          ts les<superscript>B</superscript>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-24.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ZuStiān wǒ kànle hen duo       Yesterday I saw a lot of vases,
        </para>
        <para>
          huāpíng. Dōu bíi guì.          None of them were expensive.
        </para>
        <para>
          Hide háizi hen gāo leJ          Your son is tall now!
        </para>
        <para>
          like many other state verbs, adjectival verbs may become
          process verbs, When thia happens, the verb meaning la often
          changed. (See BIO, Unit 0, Reference Notes on No. 9.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒde yǔsSn Jiù le.              My umbrella has become old,.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tlān hēi le.                    The sky has become black (has
        </para>
        <para>
          darkened)&gt;
        </para>
        <para>
          Jiù is the verb &quot;to be old,” &quot;to be used,&quot;
          &quot;to be worn,&quot; as opposed to
          <superscript>H</superscript>to be new.&quot; Jiù is not used
          to mean old in years, or aged.*
        </para>
        <para>
          Xi is the verb &quot;to be short (in
          stature)/<superscript>1</superscript> ae opposed to gāo,
          &quot;to be Xi is not used to mean &quot;short in
          length-&quot;**
        </para>
        <para>
          Nánkān, &quot;to be ugly,&quot; literally, &quot;to be hard to
          look at&quot;; This is a ■ary blunt way to describe
          unattractiveness.
        </para>
        <para>
          be worn
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          rísit
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          tly than
        </para>
        <para>
          -ihat eome-jlue one-”
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          •The verb lǎo means &quot;to be old in years.&quot; Nianqing
          means &quot;to be young-&quot; •The verb du£n means &quot;to
          be short in length&quot;?<superscript>1</superscript> Cháng
          means &quot;to be long.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          are state
        </para>
        <para>
          ■arker le_ aev-situatic-
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="vocabulary-booster">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark70" /><anchor id="bookmark71" />VOCABULARY
        BOOSTER</title>
        <para>
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Colors,
      </para>
      <para>
        What color paper do you wantī
      </para>
      <para>
        I want _________________
      </para>
      <para>
        Nl
      </para>
      <para>
        WS
      </para>
      <para>
        yāo shenme yánsède zhǐ?
      </para>
      <para>
        yao
      </para>
      <para>
        _______________de.
      </para>
      <para>
        beige black
      </para>
      <para>
        blue brown
      </para>
      <para>
        gold gray green orange
      </para>
      <para>
        pink purple red
      </para>
      <para>
        sliver white yellow
      </para>
      <para>
        mīhuáng hēi lán zōngsĚ kāfēisē hèsē shěn huáng jīnhuang ¥
        júhuáng JúhĚng fenhong zí hong yfnbāi bái huáng
      </para>
      <para>
        light blue light green light red dark blue dark green dark red
      </para>
      <para>
        qian l£n qián lū qiǎn hong shēn lán shen lu shēn hong
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Different kinds of
      </para>
      <para>
        lán     tianlán (&quot;sky blue&quot;)
      </para>
      <para>
        hSilán (&quot;sea blue&quot;)
      </para>
      <para>
        lù      cǎolù (&quot;grass green&quot;)
      </para>
      <para>
        píngguǒlu (&quot;apple green&quot;) cuìlǔ (&quot;emerald
        green&quot;) mòlù (&quot;ink green,&quot; &quot;blackish
        green&quot;)
      </para>
      <para>
        háng dàhong (&quot;bright red,&quot; &quot;scarlet&quot;)
        zhūhóng (&quot;vermilion&quot;) meiguíhóng {&quot;rose
        red&quot;)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        And one more interesting Chinese color: qīng, &quot;green,&quot;
        &quot;blue,&quot;
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        &quot;bla'
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-25.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <section xml:id="rills">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark43" /><anchor id="bookmark72" />□RILLS</title>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              A. Expansion Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (Here is a new expression you will need ’’that umbrella&quot;)
        </para>
        <para>
          J. Speaker.: Qing ni gěi wo nèige huāpíng.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Please give me that vase.)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              B. Qīng ni gěi wo nèige lúde.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          3.  Qīng ni gěi wo nèibǎ yúsǎn.
        </para>
        <para>
          • .  Qīng ni gěi wo nèibǎ dàde.
        </para>
        <para>
          B.  Qīng ni gěi wo nèiběn zìdiǎn.
        </para>
        <para>
          K.  Qīng ni gěi wo nèiběn guide.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              B. Qīng ni gei wo nèizhāng dìtú.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          in this exercise: nèibǎ ygsSn,
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Qīng ni gei wo kànkan nèige huāpíng.
        </para>
        <para>
          (Please give me that vase to look at.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèige lúde. Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèibǎ
          yúsǎn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèibǎ dàde, Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèiběn
          zìdiǎn. Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèiběīi guide. Qīng ni gěi wo
          kànkan nèizhāng dìtú.
        </para>
        <para>
          &quot;blue,&quot;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          &gt;. Transformation and Expansion Drill
        </para>
        <para>
          U. Speaker: Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèi liǎngge lǎnde, (Please
          give me those two blue ones to look at.)
        </para>
        <para>
          ■. Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèi liǎngge hóngde.
        </para>
        <para>
          fa. Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèi liǎngge bǎide.
        </para>
        <para>
          Mb Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèi liǎngge dàde.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              B. Qīng ni gěi wo kankan nèi liǎngge xiǎode.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Qīng ni gei wo kànkan nèi liǎngge guide.
        </para>
        <para>
          &quot;bl a J
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Nèi liǎngge lǎnde dōu gěi wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          (Give me both of those blue ones to look at. All right?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèi liǎngge hóngde dōu gěi wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèi liǎngge bǎide dōu gěi wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèi liǎngge dàde dōu gěi wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèi liǎngge xiǎode dōu gěi wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèi liǎngge guide dōu gei wo kànkan, hǎo ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nèi liǎngge piǎnylde.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nei liǎngge piǎnyide dōu gěi wo kànkan, hao ma?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              C. Response Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          1. Speaker; Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan. (cues) lan, bāi
        </para>
        <para>
          (Please give it to me to look at,)
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Něige? Nèlge lǎnde, hálshl nèige bǎide?
        </para>
        <para>
          (Which one? That blue one or that white one?)
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    a.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīn^ ni gěi wo kànkan. lu
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    lǎn,
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan. huǎng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    hong
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    u.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan. xiǎo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dà,
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan. piǎnyi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    6.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan. huapíng, yǔsǎn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dìtú
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          zidiǎn
        </para>
        <para>
          Neice? Nèige lānde, hǎishi nèlge like?
        </para>
        <para>
          Něige? Nèlge hongde, haishi něige huàngde?
        </para>
        <para>
          Něige? Nèlge dàde, hǎishi nèlge xiǎode?
        </para>
        <para>
          Něige? Nèlge guide, hǎishl neige piānyide?
        </para>
        <para>
          Něige? Neige huāpíng, hǎishi nèlge yǔsǎn?
        </para>
        <para>
          Něige? Nèlge dìtú, hǎishi nèlge zìdiǎn?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              D. Expansion Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Lande tài guì le. (cue) hong
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (The blue one is too expensive.)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Lude tài guì le.    bai
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Dàde tài guì le.    xiǎo
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          lí. Dà píngguo tài guì le. xiǎo pínggutf
        </para>
        <para>
          5. Nèige tài guì le. zhèige
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Lǎnde tài guì le. WǑ mǎi hongde ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          (The blue one is too expensive, I'll buy the red one, I
          guess.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Lude tài guì le. Wo mai bǎide ba,
        </para>
        <para>
          Dàde tài guì le. Wǒ mai xiǎode ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Dà píngguo tài guì le. Wo mǎi xiǎo píngguo ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Neige tài guì le. Wǒ mai zhèige ba
        </para>
        <para>
          6.
        </para>
        <para>
          T
        </para>
        <para>
          ■t •
        </para>
        <para>
          hi nèige
        </para>
        <para>
          ie or
        </para>
        <para>
          •ige
        </para>
        <para>
          neige
        </para>
        <para>
          iige
        </para>
        <para>
          lèige
        </para>
        <para>
          i neige
        </para>
        <para>
          ,èige
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Zhèige tai guì le.    nèige
        </para>
        <para>
          Huángde tSi guì le.    líi
        </para>
        <para>
          Expansion Drill
        </para>
        <para>
          Speaker: Hongde piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          (The red one is cheaper.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Lande piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Huángde piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Xiaode piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Lude piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Báide pianyi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige piányi.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Zhèige tǎi guì le. Wo mai nèige ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Huángde t&amp;i guì le. Wo mǎi Hide ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Hongde piányi yìdiSnr. Wo mǎi hongde ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          (The red one is a little cheaper.
        </para>
        <para>
          I’ll buy the red one, I guess.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Lánde piányi yìdiǎnr. Wo mǎi lánde ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Huángde piányi yìdiǎnr. Wo mǎi huángde ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Xiǎode piányi yìdiǎnr. Wo mǎi xiǎode ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Lūde piányi yìdiǎnr. Wo mǎi lǔde ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Báide piányi yìdiǎnr. Wǒ mǎi báide ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige piányi yìdiǎnr. Wo mǎi zhèige ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          mǎi
        </para>
        <para>
          ■xnensive. hi
        </para>
        <para>
          aide ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          iaode ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          . mǎi xiao
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          zhèige ba.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Transformation Drill
        </para>
        <para>
          Speaker: Zhèi liǎngběn shū shi vode.
        </para>
        <para>
          (cue) hao
        </para>
        <para>
          (These two books are mine.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngkuài féizǎo shi vǒde. piányi
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngzhāng dìtú shi vǒde. guì
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngbǎ yǔsǎn shi wǒde. hǎokàn
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Zhèi liǎngbǎn shū, neibǎn h£o? (Which of these two books
          is better?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngkuèi feizào, níikuèi piányi?
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngzhāng dìtú, nǎizhang guì?
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngbǎ yǔsǎn, něibǎ hǎokàn?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Zhēi liǎngge xuésheng shì wode. bǎo
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Zhèi liǎngben zìdiǎn shì wide, hao
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Zhèi liǎngfèn bao shi wode. guì
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngge xuèsheng, něige hǎo?
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngběn zìdiǎn, něiběn hǎo?
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèi liǎngfèn bào, nǎifen guì?
        </para>
        <para>
          G. Exp EiT' a í on Drill.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Speaker: Zhèige tài gui le.
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    (This one is too expensive. )
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    You; Zheige tài guì le. NĪ you pianyi yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    (This one is too expensive. Do you have one a little
                    cheaper?)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèibǎn tài xiao le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhēlbǎn tài xiǎo le, NI yāu dà yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèlzhàng tài dà le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèizhāng tài dà le. Nī you xiao yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    M.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zbèipfng tài xiǎo le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèipíng tài xiǎo le. Nī you dà yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige tài dà le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige tài dà le. Ni yǎu xiǎo yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Ě.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèlbǎ tài guì le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèiba tài guì le. Nī you piǎnyi yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèikuàí tài dà le.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèikuài tài dà le. NĪ ySu xiǎo yìdiǎnrde ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    H.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Eesponse Drill
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1*
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Speaker; Zhèige dàde hǎokàn ma7 (is this large one
                    nice looking?}
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    You; Zhèige dàde zhēn hǎokàn.
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    (This large one is really nice looking.)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    a.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nèlge xiǎode hǎokàn maī
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Neige xiǎode zhèn hǎokàn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige lánde guì ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Zhèige lánde zhēn guì.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    u.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nèibǎ yǔsǎn hǎokàn ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nèibǎ yǎsǎn zhēn hǎokàn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          ǎo?
        </para>
        <para>
          ǎo?
        </para>
        <para>
          t
        </para>
        <para>
          fOU
        </para>
        <para>
          ive. Do cheaper?)
        </para>
        <para>
          i dà
        </para>
        <para>
          1 xiǎo
        </para>
        <para>
          5u da
        </para>
        <para>
          13.0
        </para>
        <para>
          piányi
        </para>
        <para>
          u xiao
        </para>
        <para>
          kàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          eally nice
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          5. Zheige huapíng dà ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Ě. Nèizhāng Zhōngguo dìtú hǎokàn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          7. Zhèiběn zìdiǎn guì ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          I • Response, .Drill
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker.? Nèige hǎokàn?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (Which one is better looking?)
        </para>
        <para>
          OR Nèige hǎokàn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          (Is that one nice looking?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Něiběn piányi?
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Neiběn piányi ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          1*. Neibǎ guì?
        </para>
        <para>
          . Nèibǎ dade guì ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          6. Nèizhāng hǎo?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              J. Response prill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker; Nín kàn zhèige dàde zěnmeyàng?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Zhēn hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          (What do you think of this large one?
        </para>
        <para>
          It’s really nice.}
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Nín kàn nèige lánde zěnmeyàng? Zhēn hǎo.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Nín kàn zhèige hongde zěnmeyàng? Zhen hǎo.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Nín kàn nèige xiǎode zěnmeyàng? Zhēn hǎokàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèige huāpíng zhēn dà.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèizhāng Zhōngguo dìtú zhēn hǎokàn
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèiběn zìdiǎn zhen guì.
        </para>
        <para>
          You? Zhèige hǎokàn yìdiānr.
        </para>
        <para>
          (This one is a little better looking■)
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèige zhēn hǎokàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          (That one is really nice looking.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèiběn piányi yìdiǎnr.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèiběn zhēn piányi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèibǎ guì yìdiǎnr.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nèibǎ dade zhēn guì,
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèizhāng hǎo yìdiǎnr.
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Hǎo, wo mǎi dàde, (Okay, I'll buy the large one.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Hǎo, wǒ mǎi lande.
        </para>
        <para>
          Hǎo, wo mǎi hongde,
        </para>
        <para>
          Hǎo, wo mǎi xiǎode.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Nín kàn zhàiběn zǎzhì zēnmeyàng? Hao, wo mǎi zhēiběn.
              Zhen hǎokàn.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Nín kǎn neige huāpíng zēnmeyàng? Hao, wo mai neige.
              Zhēn hǎo.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Nín kàn zhàibǎ yǔsǎn zēnmeyàng? Hǎo, wǒ mǎi zhēibǎ.
              Zhēn hǎo.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              K. Response Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          1. Speaker: Nín yào jīge? (cue) er
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Qīng gei wǑ liǎngge ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          (How about giving me two, please.)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          (How many do you want?)
        </para>
        <para>
          2,
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yao
        </para>
        <para>
          Jīběn?
        </para>
        <para>
          sí
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gǎi w3
        </para>
        <para>
          stběn ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          3.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yào jīfen?
        </para>
        <para>
          yí
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gěi wǒ
        </para>
        <para>
          yífēn ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          li.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yào
        </para>
        <para>
          jīzhāng?
        </para>
        <para>
          shi
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gěl wǒ
        </para>
        <para>
          shizhang ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          5-
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yào
        </para>
        <para>
          Jībǎ?
        </para>
        <para>
          ēr
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gěi wǒ
        </para>
        <para>
          liǎngbǎ ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          6.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yào
        </para>
        <para>
          jīpíng?
        </para>
        <para>
          sān
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gel wǒ
        </para>
        <para>
          sǎnpíng ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          7.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín yào
        </para>
        <para>
          jīkuài1
        </para>
        <para>
          wǔ
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng gǎi wǒ
        </para>
        <para>
          wǔkuài ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          UNIT 4
        </para>
        <section xml:id="reference-list-2">
          <title><anchor id="bookmark73" /><anchor id="bookmark74" />REFERENCE
          LIST</title>
          <para>
          </para>
        </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          (in Taipei)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. At
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. C:
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          D:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. B:
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          è. *A:
        </para>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
        <para>
          5. A:
        </para>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              4. A:
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
        <para>
          A:
        </para>
        <para>
          B:
        </para>
        <para>
          I. <superscript>B:</superscript>
        </para>
        <para>
          ■_ B:
        </para>
        <para>
          ■■ B:
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          NǏ jiālide dōngxi dou dào le ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Youde dào le, yǒude hái méi dào.
        </para>
        <para>
          īhexie zázhì nǐ kān le ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhèxie zázhì, yǒude vo kàn le, yǒude vo hái méi kàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zuǒtiān wo maìle yìdiǎn pánzivǎn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nín mai shenme le?
        </para>
        <para>
          W5 mǎi fànwǎn le.
        </para>
        <para>
          NĪ mǎile duōshao?
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ mǎile shíge fànwǎn, shíge da pánzi.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nàxie pánziwǎn Bhi shénme yánsēde?
        </para>
        <para>
          Shi lánde.
        </para>
        <para>
          A, wo y§ xihuan lánde.
        </para>
        <para>
          Shi zài shénme dìfang mǎide?
        </para>
        <para>
          Shi zài Dìyī GōngBÌ mǎide.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tauten màide dŌngxi zhēn hǎo.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tāmen màide pánziwǎn, yǒude zhēn hǎokàn. Kěshi guì yìdiǎn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ maide nàxie pánziwǎn dōu bú tài guì. Guide wo mei mǎi.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Have all your household things arrived?
        </para>
        <para>
          Some have arrived, and some haven’t arrived yet.
        </para>
        <para>
          Have you read these magazines?
        </para>
        <para>
          Some of these magazines I’ve read, and some I haven't read
          yet.
        </para>
        <para>
          Yesterday I bought some dishes.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What did you buy?
        </para>
        <para>
          I bought rice bowls.
        </para>
        <para>
          How many did you buy?
        </para>
        <para>
          I bought ten rice bowls and ten large plates.
        </para>
        <para>
          What color are those dishes?
        </para>
        <para>
          They’re blue ones.
        </para>
        <para>
          Oh, I like blue ones too.
        </para>
        <para>
          Where were they bought?
        </para>
        <para>
          They were bought at the First Company.
        </para>
        <para>
          The things^they sell ere really nice.
        </para>
        <para>
          Some of the dishes they sell are really beautiful. But they
          are a little expensive.
        </para>
        <para>
          All those dishes I bought were not too expensive. I didn't buy
          the expensive ones.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          s exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.
        </para>
        <para>
          e exchange does not occur until No. 11 on the P-1 tape.
        </para>
        <para>
          ADDITIONAL HĒQUTRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1
          tapes)
        </para>
        <para>
          12.
        </para>
        <para>
          yíge bīngxiāag
        </para>
        <para>
          one
        </para>
        <para>
          refrigerator
        </para>
        <para>
          13,
        </para>
        <para>
          yìzhāng di tan
        </para>
        <para>
          one
        </para>
        <para>
          rug
        </para>
        <para>
          lit.
        </para>
        <para>
          yíge shūjiàzi
        </para>
        <para>
          one
        </para>
        <para>
          bookcase
        </para>
        <para>
          15.
        </para>
        <para>
          yìbǎ yīzi
        </para>
        <para>
          one
        </para>
        <para>
          chair
        </para>
        <para>
          16.
        </para>
        <para>
          yìzhāng zhuozi
        </para>
        <para>
          one
        </para>
        <para>
          table
        </para>
        <para>
          11, B: Wide zhège chábēi hen hao. Shi zài shěnme dìfang maide?
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Ye Ehl zài Dìyi GóngBĪ mǎide.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          This teacup of yours is very nice. Where was it bought?
        </para>
        <para>
          It was bought at the First Company too.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          <inlinemediaobject>
            <imageobject>
              <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-26.jpg" />
            </imageobject>
          </inlinemediaobject>
        </para>
        <para>
          Writing auspicious dharactere on red paper at Chinese New
          Year’s, People buy these decorations to hang on doors.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ice.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          .pany
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ■ar* s.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="vocabulary-1">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark75" /><anchor id="bookmark76" />VOCABULARY</title>
      <para>
      </para>
    </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <informaltable>
      <tgroup cols="2">
        <colspec align="left" />
        <colspec align="left" />
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                a
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                Oh!
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                bīngxiāng
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                refrigerator
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                chabēi (yige)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                teacup
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                dìtán (yìzhāng)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                rug
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                Dìyl Gōngsī
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                the First Company (department
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                store in Taipei)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                dōngxi
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                thing
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                fānwāū
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                rice bowl
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                gongfii
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                company
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                keahí
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                but
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                nēixie (nàxie)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                those
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                pānzi
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                plate
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                pínziwǎn
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                dishes
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                shūjiazi
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                'bookcase
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                van
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                bowl
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                -xie (-xiē)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                (counter for an indefinite plural
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                number of things)
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                xīhuan
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                to like
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                yanāè
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                color                                       ■
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                yīzi (yìbǎ)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                chair
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                ySude
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                some
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                zhèixīe (zhēxle)
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                these
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>
              <para>
                ’huozi {yìzhāng}
              </para>
            </entry>
            <entry>
              <para>
                table
              </para>
            </entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      (introduced pp P-2 tape)
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      cháyè
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      tea (literally, &quot;tea leaven<superscript>11</superscript>)
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <section xml:id="reference-notes-3">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark77" /><anchor id="bookmark78" />REFERENCE
      NOTES</title>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. A; NĪ Jiǎlide dōngxi dōu dào le ma’
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        B: Yǒude dào le, youde hái méi dào.
      </para>
      <para>
        2. C:
      </para>
      <para>
        D:
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhèxie zázhì, nī kàn le ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèxie zázhì, youde w8 kàn le, youde wǒ hái méi kàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Have all your household things arrived?
      </para>
      <para>
        Some have arrived, and some haven’t arrived yet.
      </para>
      <para>
        Have you reed these magazines?
      </para>
      <para>
        Some of these magazines I’ve read, and some I haven’t read yet.
      </para>
      <para>
        Notes on Nos. 1-2
      </para>
      <para>
        Youde: Like its English equivalent &quot;some,&quot; youde may
        be used either with the noun it modifies, aa in yǒude dōngxi,
        '’some things,” or by itself, when the noun it modifies is
        obvious from the context.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="6">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Youde
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dōngxi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dào le.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Some
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  things
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  have arrived.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Youde
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dào le.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Some
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  have arrived.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Neither yǒude nor a noun modified by that word can follow the
        verb. When yǒude is the grammatical object of the verb, it must
        precede the subject, in topic position.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  YǑude
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  .<subscript>5</subscript>
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mài le.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Some
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  sold.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        The counter -xie is added to the specifiers zhè, ’’this,&quot;
        and nà, &quot;that,&quot; to make the plural specifiers zhèxie,
        &quot;these,&quot; and nàxie, &quot;those.&quot; These plural
        specifiers are used only when the number of items is not
        mentioned. &quot;These apples” is zhèxie píngguS, but
        &quot;these TWO apples&quot; is zhè liǎngge píngguǒ, without the
        -xie.
      </para>
      <para>
        In zhexie zázhì, -xie acts as a counter for an indefinite number
        of items. You might think of the phrase as meaning &quot;a bunch
        of.&quot;
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -běc
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zázhì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (this magazine)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -xie
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  z ázhì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (that bunch of/those magazines)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ■ǒ I :
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhèxie _z£zhì, yǒude...: In the last sentence in exchange 2,
        yǒude is the topic of wo kàn le and wǒ hái tnei kàn.. Zhèxie
        zazbì, &quot;these magazines,&quot; is the topic of the whole
        sentence, naming the set of items from which &quot;some&quot;
        were selected.
      </para>
      <para>
        r
      </para>
      <para>
        elf,
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-27.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        lien St .
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhèxie zāzhì,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yǒude
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wǒ kàn le...•
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (COfl these magazines,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  some
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I have read....)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        3. B: Zuǒtiān wǒ mǎile yìdiǎn pānziwān.
      </para>
      <para>
        k. A: Nīn mǎi shenme le?
      </para>
      <para>
        B: Wǒ mǎi fànwǎn le.
      </para>
      <para>
        5- A: NI mǎile duōahao?
      </para>
      <para>
        B: Wǒ mǎile shíge fànwǎn, Shíge dà pánzi.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        &quot;Some of these magazines
      </para>
      <para>
        I’ve read....&quot;
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Yesterday I bought some dishes.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        What did you buy?
      </para>
      <para>
        I bought rice bowls.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        How many did you buy?
      </para>
      <para>
        I bought ten rice bowls and ten large plates.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Bptes on Nos. 3-5
      </para>
      <para>
        The noun zuǒtiān, &quot;yesterday,&quot; is a time word. Time
        words ere placed Before or after the subject but always before
        the verb. In No. 3, zuǒtiān ■pears in the topic position, before
        the subject, instead of directly Before the verb.
      </para>
      <para>
        Adverbs such as yS, &quot;also’<superscript>1</superscript>;
        hái, &quot;still&quot;; zhī, &quot;only&quot;; and jiù,
        &quot;only&quot; Bl=z precede verbs. But these words cannot be
        placed before the subject.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        &quot;that,” hese Deed, jge
      </para>
      <para>
        of
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tǎ zuǒtiān bū zài.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zuǒtiān wǒ méi kàn bào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā ye lái.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        He wasn’t here yesterday.
      </para>
      <para>
        I didn’t read the paper yesterday.
      </para>
      <para>
        He is also coming.
      </para>
      <para>
        Le: The sentences in No. 3 and No. 5 focus on how many items the
        ntence object refers to. Such sentences have AMOUNT OBJECTS. In
        sentences th amount objects, completion le immediately follows
        the verb. Thia rule plies likewise to duration
        sentences<subscript>t</subscript> which involve AMOUNTS of time.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ mǎile shíge fànwǎn.         X bought ten rice bowls.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ zhùle shíge yuè.             I stayed ten months.
      </para>
      <para>
        New-sitnation le may he added to both examples, with the meaning
        &quot;so far.”
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ mǎile shíge fànfǎn le.      I have bought ten rice bowls (so
        far}
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ zhùle shíge yuē le.         I have stayed ten months (so
        far).
      </para>
      <para>
        The sentences in exchange h focus on WHAT the sentence object
        refers to, not on how many. Such sentences have NONAMOUNT
        OBJECTS. In sentences with nonamount objects, completion le
        follows the object at the end of the sentence.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="6">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Wo mǎi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fànwǎn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ip-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (I bought rice bowls.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Wǒ mǎi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  -le
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shíge
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fànwǎn.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (I bought ten rice bowls.)               1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Duōshao, or jīge, and yidiǎn are amount objects, since they ask
        or answer &quot;how many.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Nī mǎile duōshao/Jige?         How many did you buy?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ mǎile yìdiǎn.                I bought a little.
      </para>
      <para>
        Shenme is a nonamount object, since it asks ’'what,&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Ni mǎi shenme leī              What did you buy?
      </para>
      <para>
        To some speakers, the question and answer Ni mǎile shenme? Wǒ
        mǎile fànwǎn are acceptable.
      </para>
      <para>
        Variation in speech: Individual variations in language usage
        among speakers of Chinese always seem to be a headache for
        students. You may have already heard your teachers say
        &quot;This way is right, but that way is right too.&quot; In
        writing this course, the practice has been not to give only one
        &quot;right&quot; way to say things but rather to point out
        major differenc in usage that you are likely to find.
      </para>
      <para>
        Chinese speakers with different backgrounds and experience
        frequently have varying opinions about what is acceptable
        speech, sometimes feeling quite strongly about what is
        &quot;correct.&quot; There will inevitably be instance when even
        two of your teachers disagree about the acceptable way to expres
        a thought. In such cases, the social differences in the
        situations which the teachers are envisioning would probably
        make different speech appropriate in each situation.
      </para>
      <para>
        Bather than trying to find &quot;the right way&quot; to say
        something, try to associate the different ways of expressing a
        thought with their social contexts. AND, adjust your speech to
        the people you are speaking with. In this way, you will learn as
        much as possible, and your speech will be accepted by a wide
        range of people.
      </para>
      <para>
        &gt; far.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        (so far)* far).
      </para>
      <para>
        efers to, ,ces with
      </para>
      <para>
        .he
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        .    : Nàxie pánziwan shi shenme
      </para>
      <para>
        yensède?
      </para>
      <para>
        B: Shi lánde.
      </para>
      <para>
        A: Jt, w5 yē xīhuati lánde.
      </para>
      <para>
        What color are those dishes?
      </para>
      <para>
        They<superscript>1</superscript>re blue ones.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, I like blue ones too.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-28.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Shi lánde: In English, you would probably describe the color of
        the shes by saying &quot;They’re blue.&quot; In Chinese, you say
        &quot;They’re blue ones,&quot; lánde, turning the color word
        into a noun by adding the marker -dg-
      </para>
      <para>
        Tíce tīíat the question uses the seme pattern:
      </para>
      <para>
        ik or
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        jle fànwSn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Nāxie pánEiwǎn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  «—--------
                </para>
                <para>
                  shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shénme yánse
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  .-de?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Those dishes
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  are
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  what color
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ones?)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        A: Shi zāi shĚnme dìfang mǎideī ā; Shi zài Dīyī Gongsi mǎide.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Where were they bought?
      </para>
      <para>
        They were bought at the First
      </para>
      <para>
        Company.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        e among You m&amp;y ,t way is o give ■ different
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        frequently s feeling be instance; y to ezpres: ions which :ch
        appro-
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        totes on lip. 7
      </para>
      <para>
        Shenme ōìfang means, literally, &quot;what place.&quot; This
        expression is often Brī instead of nǎr or náli when asking about
        a specific location.
      </para>
      <para>
        Shi a Si shenme dìfang ia5ide? is translated into English with a
        passive ■rt; <superscript>11</superscript> were bought.&quot;
        The sentence must be translated this way because no Fuzject is
        mentioned—the sentence does not state who did the buying. In
        ■l.'Ēse, the verb form remaipa the same whether or not the
        subject is ■tatícned.
      </para>
      <para>
        z, try to r social ing with.
      </para>
      <para>
        <subscript>=</subscript>h will be
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="7">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ly*
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shū
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Pìyī GongsI
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mǎida
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  cLabel,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (I bought the cups at the First Company.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dìyī Gōngsī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  māide.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (They were bought at the First Company.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ichábēi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dìyī GōngBĪ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  maide &lt;
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (The cups were bought at the First Company.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        8. B: Tāmen māide dōngxi zhēn hǎo. The things they sell are
        really nice.
      </para>
      <para>
        Note on No. &amp;
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāmen māide dōngxi: This noun phrase consists of a noun, dōngxi,
        &quot;things,&quot; preceded by~the clause which modifies it,
        tāmen maide, &quot;(which) they sell.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        In Chinese, modifying clauses, like all other modifiers, precede
        the element which is modified. In English, modifying clauses
        follow the modified element often beginning with &quot;who,”
        ’’which,&quot; &quot;that,” and so on.
      </para>
      <para>
        I don't understand anything he says.
      </para>
      <para>
        The characters he writes are really beautiful.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        shuōde huà wǒ dou bù dōng. xiěde
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        zì zhēn haokàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Nī
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        mSide
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        píngguō hen piányi.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        xiěde
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        shu wǒ hēn xlSng kàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        The apples that you bought are really cheap.
      </para>
      <para>
        I really want to read the book which he wrote.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        9. B: Tāmen màíde p&amp;nziwǎn, yǒude zhēn hǎokàn. Kěshi guì
        yìdiǎn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Some of the dishes they sell are really beautiful. But they are
        a little expensive.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        10. B: WǑ mǎ-ide nàxie pánziwǎn dōu bū tai guì. Guide wo māi
        mǎi.
      </para>
      <para>
        11, B: Wide zhège chábēi hen hǎo. Shi zài shenme dìfang mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        A: Yē shí zài Dìyī Gōngsī mǎide.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        All those dishes I bought were not too expensive. I didn't buy
        the expensive ones.
      </para>
      <para>
        This teacup of yours is very nice. Where was it bought?
      </para>
      <para>
        It was bought at the First Company too.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tāmen māide
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dōngxi
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        (the things | twhich! they sell)
      </para>
      <para>
        ly nice.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        fcice on Hob, 10-11
      </para>
      <para>
        Hide zhège chábei, wǒ m&amp;ide naxie pjutaiy&amp;j: Possessives
        always precede specifiers in Chinese, and modifying clauses
        usually precede specifiers.
      </para>
      <para>
        is the opposite of English word order for the same elements.
        Compare:
      </para>
      <para>
        hich)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nīde
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhège
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  chábēi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (this
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  t eacup
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  of yours)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wǒ maide
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  nàxie
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  panīiwan
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (those
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dishes
                </para>
                <para>
                  _
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Cwhich! I bought)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        e element I .ed element J
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        he s&amp;ya. ■ really
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        are
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ooh which
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        11 are hey are
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        gríAl
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        were not
      </para>
      <para>
        ‘ &quot;buy the
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ery nice,
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        t Company
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        anghĚi Friendship Etore features Chinese antiques.
      </para>
      <para>
        Arabic numerals are in general use throughout China.)
      </para>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="vocabulary-2">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark79" /><anchor id="bookmark80" />VOCABULARY</title>
      <para>
      </para>
    </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <section xml:id="booster">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark81" /><anchor id="bookmark82" />BOOSTER</title>
      <para>
      </para>
    </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      Things i.i a Qlassrooa
    </para>
    <para>
      calendar by the lay by the month by the year
    </para>
    <para>
      chair
    </para>
    <para>
      chalk
    </para>
    <para>
      chalkboard
    </para>
    <para>
      desk
    </para>
    <para>
      desk lamp
    </para>
    <para>
      eraser (pencil)
    </para>
    <para>
      , globe
    </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    <para>
      chalkboard eraser map
    </para>
    <para>
      notebook (bound pages} notebook (loose-leaf)
    </para>
    <para>
      notes pencil sharpener
    </para>
    <para>
      ruler
    </para>
    <para>
      stapler
    </para>
    <para>
      student
    </para>
    <para>
      table
    </para>
    <para>
      teacher
    </para>
    <para>
      textbook
    </para>
    <para>
      typewriter
    </para>
    <para>
      rìlì yuēlì niānlì yīzi fěnbǐ hēiban (hei)bSncā(r)
    </para>
    <para>
      xiězìtái, shūzhuō(r) tèidēng
    </para>
    <para>
      xiàngpí
    </para>
    <para>
      dìqlúyí
    </para>
    <para>
      ditfi
    </para>
    <para>
      bi Jìběn(r} huóyejiāzi bījì zhuānbīdāo
    </para>
    <para>
      cbīzi
    </para>
    <para>
      dìngshūjI xuěsheng
    </para>
    <para>
      zhuōzi laoahī kèben(r) jlāokēshū dSzījí
    </para>
    <section xml:id="drills-2">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark34" /><anchor id="bookmark83" />DRILLS</title>
      <para>
        Ju Transformation Drill
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1. Speaker: Nèige dōngxi dào le ma? (Has that thing
                  arrived?)
                </para>
                <para>
                  I 2. Nèibǎ yīzi lǎi le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  1 3. Nèige shūjiàzi dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèiběn shū dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  K. Nèizhāng dìtú lai le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèiběn zidiǎn dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèibǎn zazhì lǎi le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Kfc. Expansion Drill
                </para>
                <para>
                  h. Speaker: Dàde wǒ raèi mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  (I didn’t buy the big ones.)
                </para>
                <para>
                  ■I. Nèixie shū wǒ mei kàn.
                </para>
                <para>
                  k Lande wǒ mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  K leixie shū wǒ mei niàn.
                </para>
                <para>
                  H. Xiao de wǒ mei mài.
                </para>
                <para>
                  ■. Zhèixie dìtǎn wǒ mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  ■. Da zhuōzi wo mei mai.
                </para>
                <para>
                  1 C. Response Drill
                </para>
                <para>
                  1     Speaker: NĪ jiālide dōngxi dōu
                </para>
                <para>
                  dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  (Have all your household things arrived?)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  You: Nèixie dōngxi dōu dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  (Have all these things arrived?)
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie yīzi dōu lǎi le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie shūjiàzi dou dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie shū dōu dào le ina?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie dìtú dōu lǎi le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie zìdiǎn dōu dào le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie zazhì dōu lǎi le ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  You: Dade wǒ dou mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  (I didn't buy any of the big ones.)
                </para>
                <para>
                  NÈixie shū wǒ dōu mei kàn.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Lande wǒ dōu mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Nèixie shū wǒ dōu mǎi niàn.
                </para>
                <para>
                  XiSode wǒ dōu mei mài.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Zhèixie dìtǎn wǒ dōu mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  Dà zhuōzi wo dōu mei mǎi.
                </para>
                <para>
                  You: Yǒude dào le<subscript>a</subscript> yǒude hǎi
                  nei dào. (Some have arrived, and some haven’t arrived
                  yet.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Nàixíe zázhì nī dōu kàn le ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Hide péngyou dōu lai le ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            U. Nèixie dìtSn nī dōu mài le ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        5* ZhĚīxie shǔ nī dōu niàn le ma?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Hitmen hāīEi dōu zǒu le ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Neixie shújiàzi nī don mài le mai
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Yǒude kàn le, yǒude hái mái kàn, YǑude lái le, yǒude hai mēi
        lái, Youde mài le, yǒude hai meI mài. Yǒude niàn le , yǒude hĚī
        mĚi niàn. Yǒude zǒu le, yǒude hái mei zǒu. Yǒude mài le, yǒude
        hái mei mài.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            D. Response Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Nī jiālide dōngxi dōu dào le ma?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) dōu
      </para>
      <para>
        (Have all your household things arrived?)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Nàixie zázhì nī dōu
      </para>
      <para>
        kàn le mat
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) youde
      </para>
      <para>
        (Have you looked at all those magazines?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2, Neixie bào nī dóu kàn le ma? dou
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Nēi sāriben shǔ nī dōu niàn le ma? dōu
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1*, NĪ pengyou dōu lai le m&amp;? youde
      </para>
      <para>
        5- Zhuōzi, yīzi dóu mài le ma? dōu
      </para>
      <para>
        6. Zhàngzhixue nī dōu niān le ma? yǒude
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Dǒu dào le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (All of them have arrived.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Yǒude kàn le, youde hái luél kà (Some of them I’vs looked at,
        and. some of them I haven’t looked at yet,)
      </para>
      <para>
        Dōu kàn le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dōu niàn le,
      </para>
      <para>
        Yǒude láí le, yǒude hái mēi lái,
      </para>
      <para>
        Dōu mai le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Yǒude niàn le, ySude hái nei niàn, I
      </para>
      <para>
        . lai.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        L mài.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        íi niàn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        L zōu.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1 mai.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        rived.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        tiāi mĚi hàn aoked at haven<superscript>1</superscript>1
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        réi lai
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        mei niàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-29.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Response Drill
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Speaker: Tā mǎi shenme le?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) pānziwǎn (What did he buy?)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Wǎng Tongzhì mǎi shenme le? w w yusan
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        NT mǎi shenme le? dìtǎn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hú TSngzhì mǎi shenme le? zhuōzi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā dìdi mǎi shenme le? huāpíng
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā mǔqin mǎi sh&amp;ome le? yìzi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Tā Siren mǎi shenme le? shùjiazi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Response Drill
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Speaker: Zhāng Tàitai mǎi shenme le?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) shíge fànwan
      </para>
      <para>
        (What did Mrs.
      </para>
      <para>
        buy?)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Vang Tongzhì mǎi liǎngbǎ yìzi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hú Xiānsheng mǎi yìzhang zhuōzi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        U Xiānsheng mǎi yíge shūjiàzí
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        11 Tàitai yìzhāng
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhang
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        shenme
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        shēnme
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        shēnme
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        le?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        le?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        le?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        mǎi shenme le? dìtǎn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Eú Tàitai sìge chábēi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        mǎi shenme le?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        •Ing Xiānsheng mǎi shenme le? sānge pānzi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        É9
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: Tā mǎi pānziwǎn le. (He bought dishes.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Wang TSngzhì mǎi yǔsǎn le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo mǎi dìtǎn le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Tongzhì mai zhuōzi le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā dìdi mǎi huāpíng le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā mǔqin mǎi yìzi le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā àiren mǎi shūjiàzi le.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: Zhang Tàitai mǎile shíge fanwǎn. (Mrs. Zhāng bought ten
        rice bowls.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wāng Tongzhì mǎile liǎngbǎ yTzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Xiānsheng maile yìzhāng zhuozi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Li Xiānsheng mǎile yíge ehūjiàzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        LT Tàitai mǎile yìzhāng dìtǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Tàitai mǎile sìge chābēi.
      </para>
      <para>
        WÉLng Xiānsheng mǎile sānge pānzi.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        G. Trap s f o rm.at ipn Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker: Tā mǎi dà pānzi le, (cue) duŌĚbno
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (He bought large dishes. )
      </para>
      <para>
        Oft Tā mǎi píngguS le.
      </para>
      <para>
        {cue} jT
      </para>
      <para>
        (He bought apples.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Wang Taitai mai huāpíng le.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        JĪ
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zhāng Xiānsheng mai shūjiàzi le. duōshao
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        U&lt; Hu. Tàitai raǎi yīzi le. Jī
      </para>
      <para>
        5. Zhang Tàitai mǎi féizào le. duoshao ’
      </para>
      <para>
        tì. Wu Tàitai mǎi dìtān le. Jī
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Ta māile duōshao dà pānzi?
      </para>
      <para>
        (How many large dishes did he buy?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā māile Jīge píngguǒ7 (How many apples did he buy?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wáng Tàitai māile Jīge huāpíng?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhāng Xiānsheng māile duōshao shūjiàzi?
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Tàitai māile jībǎ yīzi?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhāng Tàitai māile duōshao ÍĚizào?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǔ Tàitai BiSile Jīzhāng dìtān?
      </para>
      <para>
        H, Response Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Tā mai shĚnme le ? (cue) fanwan
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (What did he buy?)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Tā mǎi shĚnme le?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) shíge Tanwan (What did he buy?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2, Tā mai shenme le? yìǒiānr psnziwǎn
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Wáng Tpngxhī mǎi shenme le? yūsān
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Wang Tongzhì mǎi shenme le? liangbǎ yīzi
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Tā mai shenme le? sìzhāng dìtān
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Hu Tōngzhì mǎi shĚnnie le? yīdiān júzi
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You; Tā mǎi fanwan le■
      </para>
      <para>
        (He bought rice bowls.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā māile shíge fànwān.
      </para>
      <para>
        (He bought ten rice bowls.)
      </para>
      <para>
        īā maile yìdiǎnr pānziwān.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wáng Tōngthī mai yǔsān le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wang Tongzhi mails liangbǎ yīzi,
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā māile sìzhāng dìtān.
      </para>
      <para>
        HÚ Tóngzhì māile yīdiǎn Júzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-30.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Unit í-
      </para>
      <para>
        DÌt&amp;a shi hongde
      </para>
      <para>
        shi āh ě rime y an s e cb
      </para>
      <para>
        MèibS
      </para>
      <para>
        hénme yírsède
      </para>
      <para>
        Mode
      </para>
      <para>
        dltìín shi hongde
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāde
      </para>
      <para>
        ’éǐZBO?
      </para>
      <para>
        fade shi shĚme yínsede?
      </para>
      <para>
        Dale
      </para>
      <para>
        You
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèizhāng dìtan shi shenme yánsede?
      </para>
      <para>
        Eitan shi Ebenuié yens? de hong
      </para>
      <para>
        ■ £ shi shenne yauFĚ.tìe? this
      </para>
      <para>
        Lhurzi shi sheinre yánsèd<superscript>1</superscript> those
      </para>
      <para>
        rāde dìtan shi shenme yār. s?de hcr.e ■
      </para>
      <para>
        in shi shēnsie yánsēde hat
      </para>
      <para>
        .Ipín^ shí shenme y&amp;isĒde '.hose
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèixie huāpíng shi shenme yánsède?
      </para>
      <para>
        ■ ū J1 fìz i shi shenme y ár. s e de huāo.g
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">?‘loí-</emphasis> shuǑzi
      </para>
      <para>
        lièixíe nhiiōzi shi shenme yÉnaēde
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèixie shi lánde (Those are blue.
      </para>
      <para>
        Stūjiàzi &amp;hì shenme yensode these
      </para>
      <para>
        KĒige pánzi shi shenme yānsède? (What color is that plate?}
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhēixie shnjiāzi shì sh£nine yánsèdeí
      </para>
      <para>
        rreaker: Panzi shi shēnme yansede?
      </para>
      <para>
        {cue} that
      </para>
      <para>
        (What color is tne plate Late the plates 37)
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">ě;alter</emphasis>: Nèixie £hì shenme
        ySn-sède?
      </para>
      <para>
        (c ue) lán
      </para>
      <para>
        (lihat color are tho^e?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Yǔsǎn shi shenme yǎnsède? this
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        K. Transformation Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1, Speaker: Shì Zhōngguo shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) mǎi
      </para>
      <para>
        (it's a Chinese book.)
      </para>
      <para>
        2. Shì Měiguo zhuōzi.    xīhuan
      </para>
      <para>
        3* Shì fiìběn shùjiazi. jaài
      </para>
      <para>
        1*. Shì Yìngguo zázhì- kàn
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Shì Zhōngguo panzi. xīhuan
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Shì Fàguo dìtǎn- mǎi
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7- Shì Qlngdāc píjiū. mǎi
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Zhèibǎ yǔsǎn shì shenme yansède?
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Tā mǎide shū shi Zhōngguo shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The book he bought tie buying] is a Chinese book.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tǎ xīhuande zhuozi shi MŌlguo zhuōzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā màide Bhūjiàzi shi Ttìběn Ehujiazi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā kànde zǎzhì shi Yīngguo zázhì.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tǎ xīhuande pānzi shi Zhōngguo pānziJ
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā mǎide dìtǎn shi Fàguo dìtǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā mǎide pījiū shi Qīngdǎo píjiǔ.
      </para>
      <para>
        L. Transformation Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker: Tā maide chǎbēi zhēn guì.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (The teacups he sells, are really expensive.}
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Tā maide féizào zhēn hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Tǎ mǎide dìtǎn zhēn dà.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        k. Ta mǎide dìtǎn zhēn guì.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Tā mǎide yīzi zhēn xiǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Tā mǎide panzi zhēn piányi.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Tā mǎide fǎnvǎn zhēn hao.
          </para>
          <para>
            You: Tā mǎide chábēi shi guide (The teacups he sells are
            expensive ones.)
          </para>
          <para>
            Tā mǎide féizào shi hǎode.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tǎ mǎide dìtǎn shi dàde.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tǎ mǎide dìtǎn shi guide.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tā mǎide yīzi shi xiǎode.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tǎ màide panzi shi piányide.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tǎ mǎide fànwǎn shi hǎode-
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            shū. uyingl
          </para>
          <para>
            zhuozi.I
          </para>
          <para>
            1ŪJ Ì&amp;ZÌ. I
          </para>
          <para>
            (hi.
          </para>
          <para>
            o pánzi.l
          </para>
          <para>
            n-
          </para>
          <para>
            ka
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        M. Transformation and Expansion Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Tā mǎi shū le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) pianyi (He &quot;bought books.)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Tā mǎi shū le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) piányide (He bought books.)
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Tā kàn shū le. Zhōngguo shū
      </para>
      <para>
        3. Zhào Xiānsheng kàn dìtú le.
      </para>
      <para>
        dà
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhou Tàitai mǎi dìtān le. guide
      </para>
      <para>
        5. Zhāng Xiānsheng mǎi zhuōzi le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Měiguo zhuōzi
      </para>
      <para>
        6. Tǎ mǎi shūjiàzi le. hǎo
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Ta mǎide shū zhēn piányi.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The books he bought are really cheap,)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā mǎide shū shi piányide.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The books he bought are cheap ones.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Ta kànde shū shi Zhōngguo shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhào Xiānsheng kànde dìtú zhen dà.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhou Tàitai mǎide ditan shì guide.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhang Xiānsheng mǎide zhuōzi shi Měiguo zhuōzi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā BiSide shūjiàzi zhēn hǎo.
      </para>
      <para>
        le.
      </para>
      <para>
        re
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1. expansion Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Tàmen imǎide pánziwǎn zhēn hǎokàn, (cue) guì
      </para>
      <para>
        (The dishes they bought tare buying! are really beautiful.)
      </para>
      <para>
        ī. Zhang Xiānsheng mǎide yūsan zhēn haokàn.    xiǎo
      </para>
      <para>
        B. Wáng Tàitai mǎide dìtān hěn hǎokàn.    dà
      </para>
      <para>
        |À. Women mǎide shūjiàzi bù hǎokàn. piányi
      </para>
      <para>
        n. HÚ Xiānsheng mǎide chábēi zhēn hǎokàn, guì
      </para>
      <para>
        I*. Ta maide huāpíng bù hǎokàn. piányi
      </para>
      <para>
        lī Tàitai mǎide zhuōzi hen hǎokàn.    guì
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Tàmen mǎide pánziwǎn zhen hǎokàn, keshi guì yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The dishes they bought tare buying] are really beautiful, but
        they are a bit expensive.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhāng Xiānsheng mǎide yusǎn zhēn hǎokàn, kěshi xiǎo yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wáng Tàitai mǎide dìtān hěn hǎokàn, kěshi dà yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Women mǎide shūjiàzi bù hǎokàn, kěshi piányi yìdiǎn,
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Xiansheng mǎide chábēi zhen hǎokàn, kěshi guì yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā màide huāpíng bù hǎokàn, keshi piányi yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Lī Tàitai mǎide zhuozi hěn hǎokàn, keshi guì yìdiǎn.
      </para>
      <para>
        0, Expansion Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Tāde pánziwǎn tài guì. (His dishes are too
            expensive.)
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Tāde zhuozi tài da.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Wǒde yīzi tài pianyi.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        h. Wang Xianshengde dìtǎn tài guì,
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Wang Tàitaide yǔsǎn tai hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Hú Tàitaide shǔjiàzi tài xiao.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Tāde huāpíng tài hǎokàn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: Tāde nèixie psnzìwan dōu hú tài guì.
      </para>
      <para>
        (All those dishes of his are not too expensive.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāde nèixie zhuōzi dōu bú tài da.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wide nèixie yīzi dōu bú tài piányi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wang Xianshengde nèixie dìtǎn dōu bú tài guì.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wang Tàitaide nèixie yǔsǎn dōu bú tài hǎo.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hú Tàitaide nèixie shǔjiàzi dōu bú tài xiǎo.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāde neixie huāpíng dōu bú tài hǎckà-O
      </para>
      <para>
        P. Expansion Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker; Nida chábēi hěn hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (Your teacup is very nice.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Tade pānzi hen hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zhāng Tfingzhìde zhuōzi hĚn hao.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        h. Wáng Tongzhìde fànwǎn hen hao.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. MS Tongzhìde shǔjiàzi hen hao.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Lin Tōngzhìde dìtǎn hen hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Lī Tongzhìde yīzi hěn hǎo.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You: NTde zhèige chábēi hen hǎo. Shfl zài shenme dìfang mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        {This teacup of yours is very-nice. Where did you buy' Ìt?)B
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāde zhèige pānzi hen hǎo. Shì zài I shenme dìfang mǎide7
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhāng Tongzhìde zhèige zhuōzi hen hǎo. Shì zài shánme dìfang
        mǎide™
      </para>
      <para>
        Wang Tongzhìde zhèige fànwan hěn hǎfl Shì zài shenme dìfang
        mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        Mǎ Tongzhìde zhèige shǔjiàzi hěn hǎ™ Shì zài shenme dìfang
        mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        Lín Tongzhìde zhèige dìtǎn hěn hǎo. I Shì zài shenme dìfang
        mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        Lī Tongzhìde zhèige yīzi hěn hǎo. Shì zài shenme dìfang mǎide?
      </para>
      <para>
        i bá
      </para>
      <para>
        5 are
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        UNIT 5
      </para>
      <section xml:id="reference-lisi">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark39" /><anchor id="bookmark84" />REFERENCE
        LISI</title>
        <para>
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        i dà.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        (in Běijīng)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        pianyi.
      </para>
      <para>
        ín dōu
      </para>
      <para>
        aōu
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1. A: Qīng ni gei wo liǎngzhang wǔkuàide.
      </para>
      <para>
        2. B: Máfan ni, wo zhèr you yìzhang shíkuàide.
      </para>
      <para>
        B. B: Qīng ni g?i wo huàrihuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Please give me two fives.
      </para>
      <para>
        Sorry to bother you, I have a ten here.
      </para>
      <para>
        Pleasi change it for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        dōu bG
      </para>
      <para>
        zài hǎokà
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        . C: Win yào zěrune huàn?
      </para>
      <para>
        B: Qīng gěi wo liangzhang wǔkuàide ba.
      </para>
      <para>
        . *B: Xiēxie.
      </para>
      <para>
        C: bG kèqi,
      </para>
      <para>
        How do you want to change it?
      </para>
      <para>
        How about giving me two fives, please.
      </para>
      <para>
        Thank you.
      </para>
      <para>
        You’re welcome.
      </para>
      <para>
        •n hǎo. Sii wide?
      </para>
      <para>
        ; is very 1 ju buy it?
      </para>
      <para>
        , Shi zài
      </para>
      <para>
        uōzi hěn fang maide
      </para>
      <para>
        ivǎn hěn ha aKide?
      </para>
      <para>
        iàzi hěn hl naide?
      </para>
      <para>
        Kn hěn hǎoJ màide?
      </para>
      <para>
        hěn hǎo. mǎide?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  D:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Nilsen shōu l-íěijīn ma?
                </para>
                <para>
                  Duìbuqǐ, women bu shōu.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  p:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zài nǎr huàn neī Zhèr you meiyou yínháng?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  E:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  You. Yínháng jiù zài nàr.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        D: Qīngwen, shi bu shi zài zhèr huàn qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Shi, shì zài zhèr huàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Nī yào huàn duōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        D; Wo zhèr ySu yībǎikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        D; Jīntiānde pǎijiā shi duōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        F; Yíkuài Hěijǐn huàn yíkuài jiǔmǎo liù Rēnmínbà.
      </para>
      <para>
        Do you accept U.S. currency?
      </para>
      <para>
        I’m sorry, we don’t.
      </para>
      <para>
        Well, where do I change it? Is there a bank here?
      </para>
      <para>
        There is. The bank is right over there.
      </para>
      <para>
        May I ask, is it here that I change money?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes, you change it here.
      </para>
      <para>
        How much do you want to change?
      </para>
      <para>
        I have one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler’s checks here.
      </para>
      <para>
        What is today’s exchange rate?
      </para>
      <para>
        One U.S. dollar to one dollar and ninety-six cents in People’s
        currency.
      </para>
      <para>
        s exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.
      </para>
      <para>
        ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P~1
        tapes)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  11.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dianshàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one electric fan
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  12.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  diànshì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one television
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  13.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shōuyīnjǐ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one radio
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1U.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhōng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one clock
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  15-
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yige
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shǒubiǎo
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  one wristwatch
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="vocabulary-3">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark31" /><anchor id="bookmark85" />VOCABULARY</title>
      <para>
        (introduced on C-2 tape) Yǒuyí Shāngdiān
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Friendship Department Store (in Běijīng)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bú kèqi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  you’re welcome
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  diSnshàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  electric fan
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  diànshì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  television
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to change, to exchange
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  luxíng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  travel
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  luxíng zhipiào (yìzhāng)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  traveler's check
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  máfan ni
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  sorry to bother you
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Měijīn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  United States currency
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pāijià
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  exchange rate
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Renmínbì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  People's currency (PRC)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shōu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to accept, to receive
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shoubiao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wristwatch
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shouyìnjī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  radio
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zěnme
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  how
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhipiào (yìzhāng)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  a check (e.g., banker's or personal)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhōng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  clock
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="reference-notes-4">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark20" /><anchor id="bookmark86" />REFERENCE
      NOTES</title>
      <para>
        1. A: QǍng ni gěi wo liSngzhāng Please give me two fives,
        wúkuàide.
      </para>
      <para>
        Note on No. 1
      </para>
      <para>
        Liangzhāng wūkuàlde refers to two 5-dollar BILLS. The marker -de
        at the nd of wukuaide indicates that the phrase modifies an
        understood noun. In another context, the noun might be a
        different one. If the speaker says liSngge wttroftide in a
        store, the phrase might refer to two ITEMS, that is, two items
        that cost five dollars. In earlier units, similar uses of -de
        were translated as ’’ones&quot;: dade, &quot;big
        ones.<superscript>11</superscript>
      </para>
      <para>
        e. B: Máfan ni, wo nhèr y5u yìzfaāng Sorry to bother you. I have
        a ten āhíkuàide.                        here.
      </para>
      <para>
        3o^es on No- 2
      </para>
      <para>
        Máf an ni: Mgfan is a verb meaning &quot;bother,&quot; or
        &quot;annoy.&quot; The expression máfan ni means &quot;I’m
        bothering you.&quot; It is translated in No. 2 as &quot;Sorry to
        bother you.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo„zhèr ,y_5u_yìzbjùig shjkuāid.e: Word for word, this would be
        &quot;l-here ttere-is one-sheet
        IC-dollar-ttaing,<superscript>n</superscript> or, a little more
        smoothly, &quot;Here where I am, there is a 10-dollar
        bill.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Ē; Qīng ni gěi wo huanhuan.       Please change It for me.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            •:es on No■ 3
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Gěi wo: In No. 3 the verb gel is used prepositionally to mean
        &quot;for.&quot; prepositional verbs and their objects come
        before the main verb in a sentence. Notice that while gěi wo
        precedes the main verb in Chinese, rfor me&quot; fellows the
        verb in English.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  PREPOSITIONAL
                </para>
                <para>
                  VERB
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ITS
                </para>
                <para>
                  OBJECT
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  MAIN
                </para>
                <para>
                  VERB
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gěi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wǒ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huànhuan
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (change Citi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  for me)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Qīng ni gěi wo kànkan nīde nèiběn shū.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tā gel me Intel mǎile yíge diànshàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Qing ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Please let me look at that 'book of yours.
      </para>
      <para>
        He &quot;bought an electric fan for his younger sister.
      </para>
      <para>
        Please write your address for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        Huànhuan: The reduplication of huàn in No. 3 makes the request
        milder and mor* polite. (See Unit 3&gt; notes on No. 1.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            4. C: Nín yào zěnme huàn?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        B: Qīng gěi wo liǎngzhāng wǔkuàide ha.
      </para>
      <para>
        ■M.’•*
      </para>
      <para>
        How do you want to change it?
      </para>
      <para>
        How about giving me two fives, please.
      </para>
      <para>
        Note on Ho. U
      </para>
      <para>
        Zenme, &quot;how/<superscript>1</superscript> &quot;in what
        way”; In Chinese, adverbs precede verbs. Notio that the adverb
        zSnme is placed immediately before the main verb huàn, while in
        English <superscript>h</superscript>faōw&quot; begins the
        sentence.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. B: Xièxie.                          Thank you.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        C: Bu keqi.                        You're welcome.
      </para>
      <para>
        Note on No. 5
      </para>
      <para>
        Bǔ keqi is an idiom meaning &quot;don't be polite.” It is used
        like the English &quot;You're welcome.” In English, you accept
        thanks; in Chinese, you modestly decline thanks.
      </para>
      <para>
        í. D: ìíǐmen shōu Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        E: Duìbuqī, women bù. shōu.
      </para>
      <para>
        Do you accept U.S. currency? I’m sorry, we don’t.
      </para>
      <para>
        D: Zài nǎr huàn ne? Zhèr you měíyou yínháng?
      </para>
      <para>
        E: You. Yínháng Jiù zài nàr.
      </para>
      <para>
        Well, where do I change it?
      </para>
      <para>
        Is there a bank here?
      </para>
      <para>
        There is. The bank is right over there.
      </para>
      <para>
        : ok
      </para>
      <para>
        r r me.
      </para>
      <para>
        ; milder
      </para>
      <para>
        t?
      </para>
      <para>
        ee,
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        :es on No. 7
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        The marker ne at the end of Zài nǎr huàn ne? indicates that the
        question illows from the sentence before it. The marker ne is
        often used at the end t a question which almost automatically
        follows the preceding sentence in conversation: Wg hǎo. Nī ne?
        CH Zài nǎr huàn ne? Normally, you do not it a sentence ending
        with ne to start a new conversation.*
      </para>
      <para>
        You fléjLyou; You have already learned one way to form a
        yes/no-choice festion, with the negative choice tacked onto the
        end of the sentence, be second question in exchange 7
        illustrates a second way: the negative scice comes immediately
        after the affirmative choice. Both patterns are BEion. Compare:
      </para>
      <para>
        js. Notic man,
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhèr
      </para>
      <para>
        you
      </para>
      <para>
        yínháng
      </para>
      <para>
        meiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Is there a bank here?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèr
      </para>
      <para>
        y3u
      </para>
      <para>
        meiyou
      </para>
      <para>
        yínháng?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        D: Qǐngwèn, shi bu shi zài zhèr huàn qián?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Shi, shì zài zhèr huàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        May I ask, is it here that I change money?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes, you change it here.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        es on No. 6
      </para>
      <para>
        Shi bu shi is used to form a yes/no-choice question about
        something
      </para>
      <para>
        &gt;r than the main verb of a sentence. In this case, the
        question is
      </para>
      <para>
        ike the
      </para>
      <para>
        fiese, you
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        is use of ne is different from the use of ne to indicate ongoing
        action a continuing state: Tā xiànzài nian ahu ne. [See BIO,
        Unit fl, note on about the phrase zai zhèr. Here is a comparison
        between the Chinese and a literal English version of the
        yes/no-choice question:
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Shi bu shi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài zhèr huàn qián?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Is it or isn’t it
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  here that I change money?)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Notice that the affirmative choice in shi bu shi has a tone,
        while the negative does not.
      </para>
      <para>
        The answer to a shi bu shi question starts with shi, for
        &quot;yes,&quot; or bú shi, for &quot;no.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        Shi zài zhèr huàn.              It is here that you change It.
      </para>
      <para>
        3ú shi zài zhèr huàn.           It isn’t here that you change
        it.
      </para>
      <para>
        In exchange U, the shi for ’’yes*' is emphasized and so bus its
        tone:
      </para>
      <para>
        Shi; ahi zài zhèr huàn.         Yes, it IS here that you change
        it.
      </para>
      <para>
        Notice that the place phrase zài zhèr precedes the main verb
        huàn. In Chinese, the order of phrases is TIME, PLACE, ACTION.
      </para>
      <para>
        TIME        PLACE          ACTION
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="5">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  WǑ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  qùnián
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài Jiāzhou
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  niàn shū.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (Last year I studied in California.)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Tā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiànzài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zài yínháng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huàn qián ne.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (He is changing money at the bank now.}
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        9. F: Nǐ yào huàn duoshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        D: Wo zhèr you yìbàikuài Měijínde lúxíng zhípiàū-How much do you
        want to change? I have one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler’s
        checks here.
      </para>
      <para>
        Note on No. 9
      </para>
      <para>
        Yìbǎikuàj Měijínde luxíng zhīpíao: In this phrase the traveler's
        check, luxíng zhǐpiào, is being described as worth one hundred
        dollars in U.S. currency, yìba ikuà i Me i J in■ The amount of
        money is made into a descriptive phrase by the addition of the
        marker of modification -de.
      </para>
      <para>
        .d a
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        yìbSikuāi Me 1,1 in tie
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        luxíng zhīpiào
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        (a traveler's check
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        which is worth $100 U.S,)
      </para>
      <para>
        10. D: Jīntlānde pÈlJià shi duōshaoī
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Yíkuai Měijīn husn yíkusi jiǔmao liil Rénmínbì.
      </para>
      <para>
        What is today’s exchange rate!
      </para>
      <para>
        One U.S. dollar to one dollar and ninety-six cents in
        People<superscript>1</superscript>s currency.
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">í It.</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        , In
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        studied ia-)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Botes oil No.. 10.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hit an: In the second sentence of exchange 10, the verb huàui ia
        used to Iquate amounts of money in two different currencies. The
        verb can be translated fairly literally as ’’can be exchanged
        for’<superscript>1</superscript>; &quot;One U.S. dollar Lean be
        exchanged for one dollar and ninety-six cents in People’s
        currency.”
      </para>
      <para>
        Renminbi: RĚnmín meana &quot;people,” and bl is the word for
        ''currency.” Béngjínbl (sometimes abbreviated aa SHE) is the
        official name for PRC Currency.
      </para>
      <para>
        .ng
      </para>
      <para>
        ie tank
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        rs
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <superscript>1</superscript> s check, J.S. zriptive
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <section xml:id="drills-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark30" /><anchor id="bookmark87" />DRILLS</title>
        <para>
          A. Response Drill
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1, Speaker: NĪ yào zěnme huàn? (cue) 5 ones
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (How do you want to change it?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Nī yào zěnme huàn?    2 fives
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Nī yào zěnme huàn?    10 tens
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          1),  Nī yào zěnme huàn?    5 ones
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Nī yào zenme huàn?    10 ones
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6, Nī yào zěnme huàn?    5 tens
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. NĪ yào zěnme huàn?    2 fives
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Qīng ni gěi wo wǔzhāng yíkuàidi (Please give me five
          ones.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng ni gei wo liàngzhāng wukuàide. Qīng ni gěi wo shfzhāng
          shíkuaide. Qīng ni gei wo wǔzhāng yíkuàide. Qīng ni gei wo
          shīzhāng yíkuàide. Qīng ni gei wo wǔzhāng shíkuaide, Qīng ni
          gei wo liangzhāng wǔkuàide.
        </para>
        <para>
          B, Substitution Drill
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1, Speaker: Nīmen shōu Meijīn ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (cue) Dlyī Gōngsī (Do you accept U.S.
        </para>
        <para>
          currency?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Dìyī Gōngsī shōu Měijīn ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Jīnrì Gōngsī
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Jīnrì Gongsī shōu Měijīn ma? Yuǎndong Gōngsī
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              U. YuSndong Gōngsī shōu Měijīn ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn shōu Měijīn ma? Guobīn Dàfàndiàn
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Guōbīn Dàfàndiàn shōu Meijīn ma? nīmen zheli
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Nīmen zheli shōu Meijīn ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          You:
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Diyī Gongsī shōu Měijīn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          (Does the First Company accep'
        </para>
        <para>
          U.S. currency?)
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Jīnrì Gōngsī shōu Měijīn ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Yuandong Gōngsī shōu Měijīn ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn shōu Měijīn ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Guobīn Dàfàndiàn shōu Měijīn ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Nīmen zhèli shōu Meijīn ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          kuāide.
        </para>
        <para>
          i.)
        </para>
        <para>
          tai de.
        </para>
        <para>
          ìi de.
        </para>
        <para>
          le.
        </para>
        <para>
          Ide.
        </para>
        <para>
          ide.
        </para>
        <para>
          íàide.
        </para>
        <para>
          na?
        </para>
        <para>
          accept
        </para>
        <para>
          a?
        </para>
        <para>
          ci ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          C, Response Drill
        </para>
        <para>
          1. Speaker: Duibuqī, wSmen bù shōu Mǎijīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          (cue) nǎr
        </para>
        <para>
          {I'm sorry, we don't accept U.S. currency.)
        </para>
        <para>
          OR Duibuqī, women bù shōu Mèijīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          (cue) yínháng
        </para>
        <para>
          (I'm sorry, we don't accept U.S. currency.)
        </para>
        <para>
          2. Duibuqī, wōmen bù shōu Renmínbì. nǎr
        </para>
        <para>
          3• Duibuqī, wSmen bù shou Taibi. yínháng
        </para>
        <para>
          -. Duibuqī, wŌmen bù shōu luxíng zhīplào. ' nǎr
        </para>
        <para>
          5. Duibuqī, women bù shōu zhīpiāo. yínháng
        </para>
        <para>
          6. Duibuqī, women bù shōu MSIJ in zhīpiào. nSr
        </para>
        <para>
          D. Substitution Drill
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Qīngwen, shì bu shi zài zhèli huàn qián?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (cue) zhège yínháng
        </para>
        <para>
          (May I ask, is it here that I change money?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài zhège yínháng huàn qián? nīmen
              zhèli
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài nīmen zhèli huàn qián? zhège
              yínháng
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          • - Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài zhège yínháng huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          Taiwan Yínháng
        </para>
        <para>
          5. Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài Taiwan Yínháng huàn qián? tā nàli
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Qīngwèn, zài nǎr kéyi huàn ne? (May I ask, where can I
          change it?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, zhèr yōu meiyou yínháng?
        </para>
        <para>
          (May I ask, is there a bank here?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, zài nǎr key! huàn ne?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, zhèr yōu meiyou yínháng?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, zài nǎr kèyi huàn ne?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, zhèr ySu meiyou yínháng?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwen, zài nǎr keyi huàn ne?
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài zhège yínháng huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          (May I ask, is it at this bank that I change money?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài nīmen zhèli huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zai zhège yínháng huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài Taiwan
        </para>
        <para>
          Yínháng huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài tā nàli huàn qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          t. ilr. shì bu shi zài tā nàli huàn qian? nīmen shell
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài nīmen zhèli huàn qiánī
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Qīngwèn, shì bu shi zài nimen zhèli huàn qián?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              E. Expansion Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Wǒ zhèr you lūxíng zhīpiào.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (cue) 100
        </para>
        <para>
          (I have traveler's checks here.)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. WǑ zhèr you luxíng zhīpiào, 350
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Wo zher you luxíng zhīpiào. 200
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          h. WǑ zhèr you luxíng zhīpiào. 70
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5- Wǒ zhèr you lūxíng zhīpiào. 90
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. WǑ zhèr you lūxíng zhīpiào, 8b0
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. WS zhěr you lūxíng zhīpiào. 5l*0
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Wǒ zhèr you yìbàikuài Meijīnde lūxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          (I have one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler's checks here.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Wo zhèr you sānbǎi wǔshikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you liěngbǎikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you qlshikuai Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you jiǔshikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you bābǎi sìshikuèi Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you wǔbǎi sìshikuài Měijīnde lūxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              F. Expansion Drill
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng shíkuàide Renminbi.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (I have one 10-dollar bill of People's currency here.)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2. Wo zhèr you yīzhāng wiíkuàíde Renminbi.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng wǔshikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng shíkuàide Rénmínbì. Qīng ni gěi wo
          huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          (I have one 10-dollar bill of People’s currency here-Please
          change it for me.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng wukuàide Renminbi. Qīng ni gěi wo
          huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng wǔehikuài MěijìrJ de lūxíng zhīpiào. Qīng
          ni gěi vol huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          shell
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          .jīnde dollars I sre.)
        </para>
        <para>
          deijīnde I
        </para>
        <para>
          īnde
        </para>
        <para>
          e
        </para>
        <para>
          de
        </para>
        <para>
          ěi Jīnde
        </para>
        <para>
          féijīnde |
        </para>
        <para>
          suàide I wo
        </para>
        <para>
          ill of e.
        </para>
        <para>
          ne. )
        </para>
        <para>
          Rémnín-an.
        </para>
        <para>
          i Meijīn-1 gěi wo
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          h. Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng èrshikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5. Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng yìhaikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Tā zhèr you liàngzhāng ershikuài Měijīnde luxíng
              zhipiào.
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Tā zhèr you liangzhāng wushikuai Měijīnde luxíng
              zhipiào.
            </para>
            <para>
              G. Transformation Drill
            </para>
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  1. Speaker: Tā huàn duoshao qián? (cue) want
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
            <para>
              (How much money is he changing?)
            </para>
            <para>
              OR Tā huàn yìhaikuài Měijīn. (cue) did
            </para>
            <para>
              (He is changing one hundred U.S. dollars.)
            </para>
            <para>
              OR Tā huàn yìbǎikuài Měijīn. (cue) has done so far (He is
              changing one hundred U.S. dollars.)
            </para>
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  2. Tā huàn duōshao qián? did
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  3. Tā huàn wushikuài Měijīn.   want
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
            <para>
              t. Tā huàn sìshikuàì Měijīn.   did
            </para>
            <para>
              5. Tā huàn Měijīn. has done so far
            </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          WǑ zhèr ySu yìzhāng ershikuai Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào. Qing ni
          gěi wo huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          Wǒ zhèr you yìzhāng yìbāikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào. Qīng ni
          gěi wo huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā zhèr yǒu liangzhāng èrshikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào. Qīng
          ni gěi wo huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          Ta zhèr you liāngzhāng wushikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào. Qīng
          ni gěi wo huànhuan.
        </para>
        <para>
          You: Ta yào huàn duōshao qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          (How much money does he want to change?)
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā huànle yìbǎikuài Měijīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          (He changed one hundred U.S. dollars.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā huànle yìbǎikuài Měijīn le.
        </para>
        <para>
          (He has changed one hundred U.S. dollars so far.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā huànle duōshao qián?
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā yào huàn wushikuài Měijīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā huànle sìshikuài Měijīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā huànle Měijīn le.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              H. S e spon s b Di'j 11
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          Use liètīis- for all your responses.
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1, Speaker: Tā mai shenme īéì (cue) shòuyīnjī (What did he
              buy?)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2, Tā mai shenme le?    diSnshì
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3. Tā mi shenme le?    píngguc
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          U.  Tā mǎi shĚniiie le?     yīzi
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5, Tā mǎi Bhěnme 1b?    chàbēi
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Tā mSi ahénEie le?    warj
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Tā mi shénme le?    zhuōzi
            </para>
            <para>
              You: Tā mǎile liǎngge shōuyīnjī.
            </para>
            <para>
              (He bought two radios,)
            </para>
            <para>
              . I <superscript>(1</superscript>
            </para>
            <para>
              Tā mǎile liǎngge dianshí.
            </para>
            <para>
              Tā maila liangge pínggno.
            </para>
            <para>
              Ta mǎile liar.gba yīzi.
            </para>
            <para>
              Tā maile liāngge chábéi.
            </para>
            <para>
              Tā mǎile liāngge wan,
            </para>
            <para>
              Tā mǎile liāngEhāng zhuōzi.
            </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          I. Besgons e _ .Drill
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              1. Speaker: Qīngwèn, wo de nàben shèngzhíxùé zài nt shell
              ma?
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          (eug) ta
        </para>
        <para>
          (May I ask, ia that political science book of mine over by
          you?)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              2, Qingwèn, wǒde nāběn jīngjixuē zài nī zhèli ma?    tā
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              3, Qīngwèn, wo de nàběn Zhōngwěn shū zài nī nàli ma?
                 Wāng Tàitai
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          <emphasis role="smallcaps">Íj. Qīngwèn, uSde nàběn zǎzhì zài
          nī nàli ma? Lī Xiansheng</emphasis>
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              5, Qīngwèn, wǒde nàrèn Zhōngwǎn bào zài nī zhèli ma? tā
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              6. Qīngwèn, wide nàzhang Taiwan dītú zài úī zhèli ma? tā
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              7. Qīngwèū, w5de nàfèn Yīngwēn bào zài nī nàli ma? Wú
              Xíǎojiě
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          You: Bfi zài wS zhèli, zài tā nàli-{It's not over by me; it's
          over by him.)
        </para>
        <para>
          Bu zài w5 zhèli, zài tā nàli,
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú zài wǒ zhèli, zài Wáng Tàitai nàl.
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú zài tā nàli, zài wǒ zhèli.
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú zài wǒ zhèli, zài tā nàli.
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú zài wǒ zhèli, zài tā nàli.
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú zài wǒ zhèli, zài Wǔ Xiāojiě pàlā
        </para>
        <para>
          SG
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          UNIT 6
        </para>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="reference-list-3">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark88" /><anchor id="bookmark89" />REFERENCE
        LIST</title>
        <para>
          i nàll-t's over
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          1.
        </para>
        <para>
          àitai ni
        </para>
        <para>
          d.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ǎojiě nàl:
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ■in Taipei)
        </para>
        <para>
          1. A: Qīngwèn, nīmen zhèli kéyi huàn Meijīn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Duibuqī, bù kéyi.
        </para>
        <para>
          2. A: LĪÍxíng zhīpiào ne?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Yě bù kéyi. īlín děi zài Táiwān Yínháng huàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          ī. A: Yínháng shenme shíhou kāi men?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Jiǔdiǎn zhōng kāi men.
        </para>
        <para>
          1. A: ilīdiǎn zhōng guān men?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Sāndiǎn zhōng guān men.
        </para>
        <para>
          5- A: Xiànzài jīdiǎn zhong? Hái kéyi huàn be?
        </para>
        <para>
          B; Xiànzàī liǎngdiǎn can. Hái kéyi huàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          ó. A: Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì. Zhe shi yìhāikuài Měijīnde
          luxíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          C: Hǎo. Yíkuài Měijīn huàn sānBhibākuài Táibì.
        </para>
        <para>
          7. A: Zhè^shi wǔzhāng èrahikuàide Itbcíng zhīpiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          C: Qīng nín děngyiděng. Wǒ jiù lái.
        </para>
        <para>
          A: Wǒ yào àiǎn xiǎo piàozi. Zhèzhāng yìbāikuàide qīng ni gěi
          wo huànhuan, xíng bu xíng?
        </para>
        <para>
          May I ask, rui U.S. currency be changed here?
        </para>
        <para>
          I'm sorry, that's not possible.
        </para>
        <para>
          How about traveler's checks?
        </para>
        <para>
          That's not possible either. You have to change them at the
          Bank of Taiwan.
        </para>
        <para>
          When does the bank open?
        </para>
        <para>
          It opens at nine o’clock.
        </para>
        <para>
          What time does it close?
        </para>
        <para>
          It closes at three o'clock.
        </para>
        <para>
          What time is it now? I may still change money, I suppose?
        </para>
        <para>
          It's half past tvo now. You may still change money.
        </para>
        <para>
          I want to change some money into Taiwan currency. Here are one
          hundred U.S. dollars in traveler's checks.
        </para>
        <para>
          Certainly. One U.S. dollar is thirty-eight dollars in Taiwan
          currency.
        </para>
        <para>
          Here are five 20-dollar traveler's checks.
        </para>
        <para>
          Please wait a moment. I'll be right back.
        </para>
        <para>
          I would like some small bills.
        </para>
        <para>
          Please change this 100-dollar bill for me. Would that be ell
          right?
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              C: Xing. Gěi nín Jiùzhāng shíkuàide, liǎngzhang wǔkuàide.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              9. A: Máfan ni le.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              C: Mei shenme.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1
          tapes)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              10. zǎochen (zǎochén)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              11. zSoshang (zǎoshàng)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              12. shàngwǔ (shàngwu)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              13. zhōngwu {zhōngwu)
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          lb. xiàvS (xiàwu)
        </para>
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              15. wǎnshang (wǎnshàng)
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              16. yíli
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              17. hànyè
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              18. j iān
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              19. mámahūhū
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
        <para>
          All right. I'll give you nine tens and two fives.
        </para>
        <para>
          Sorry to have bothered you.
        </para>
        <para>
          It<superscript>1</superscript>s nothing.
        </para>
        <para>
          early morning
        </para>
        <para>
          morning
        </para>
        <para>
          forenoon, morning
        </para>
        <para>
          noon
        </para>
        <para>
          afternoon
        </para>
        <para>
          evening
        </para>
        <para>
          night
        </para>
        <para>
          midnight
        </para>
        <para>
          to meet
        </para>
        <para>
          so-so, fair
        </para>
        <para>
          tens
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="vocabulary-4">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark90" /><anchor id="bookmark91" />VOCABULARY</title>
        <para>
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        &quot;ban
      </para>
      <para>
        &quot;barye
      </para>
      <para>
        del
      </para>
      <para>
        děng děngyiděng
      </para>
      <para>
        -diǎn
      </para>
      <para>
        gěi
      </para>
      <para>
        guān
      </para>
      <para>
        guan men
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        jiàn
      </para>
      <para>
        jídian zhōng jiù
      </para>
      <para>
        kǎi kǎi men
      </para>
      <para>
        kéyi
      </para>
      <para>
        mámahūhū mei shenme men(r)
      </para>
      <para>
        piàozi (yìzhāng) shāngwǔ (shangwu) Táibì
      </para>
      <para>
        wànshang (wǎnshàng) xiàwǔ (xiàwu) xíng
      </para>
      <para>
        yèli
      </para>
      <para>
        zǎochen (zǎochén) zǎoshàng (zǎoshàng) zhōng
      </para>
      <para>
        zhōngwǔ (zhōngwu)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        half midnight
      </para>
      <para>
        must
      </para>
      <para>
        to wait
      </para>
      <para>
        to wait a moment
      </para>
      <para>
        (counter for hours on the clock)
      </para>
      <para>
        for
      </para>
      <para>
        to close
      </para>
      <para>
        to close (for the business day); to close down, to go out of
        business
      </para>
      <para>
        to meet what hour, what time immediately (with reference to
        time)
      </para>
      <para>
        to open
      </para>
      <para>
        to open (for the business day); to open for business may, can,
        to be permitted so—so, fair it's nothing door
      </para>
      <para>
        bills (currency) forenoon, morning Taiwan currency (NT$) evening
        afternoon to be all right night early morning morning o'clock
        noon
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) kāishì                      to
        start, to begin
      </para>
      <para>
        yǒude shíhou               sometimes
      </para>
      <para>
        (introduced in Communication Game)
      </para>
      <para>
        -ting                      (counter for class periods
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <section xml:id="reference-notes-5">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark92" /><anchor id="bookmark93" />REFERENCE
        NOTES</title>
        <para>
          1. A: Qīngwèn, nīmen zhèli kéyi huàn Měijīn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          B; Duìbuqī, bù kěyi.
        </para>
        <para>
          May I ask, can U.S. currency be changed here?
        </para>
        <para>
          I’m sorry, that's not possible.
        </para>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 1
        </para>
        <para>
          Keyi is the auxiliary verb &quot;may,&quot; &quot;can.&quot;
          It is often used, ae here, to say what is permitted by the
          rules of a particular organization. It is often best
          translated by the English word &quot;can” rather than by
          &quot;may.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Like all auxiliary verbs, kéyi is a state verb and therefore
          can be made negative only with bù.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nīmen zhèli is a place phrase acting as topic. The first
          sentence in exchange 1 could be translated more literally as
          &quot;As for your place here, may one change American
          currency?&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          2. A: Luxíng zhīpiào ne?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Yě bù kéyi. Nín děi zài Táivan Yínháng huàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          How about traveler’s checks?
        </para>
        <para>
          That’s not possible either. You have to change them at the
          Bank of Taiwan.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Note on No. 2
        </para>
        <para>
          Děi, &quot;must,&quot; &quot;have to&quot;: Unlike many other
          auxiliary verbs, děi cannot be made
          negative.<anchor id="footnote1" /><superscript><link linkend="bookmark94">1</link></superscript>
          Also, it is not used in short answers or short question For
          the question form of děi, it is wrong to say děi bu děi;
          instead, use shì bu shi děi, &quot;is it (true)
          that...must&quot; (or use yòng bu yong, &quot;Ìb it necessary
          to...&quot;).
        </para>
        <para>
          Děi is a colloquial northern Chinese word which is not
          necessarily used or understood in all parts of China. In
          particular, děi is heard infrequently in Taiwan. When speaking
          with Chinese who do not use děi, you may substitute an
          expression with a similar meaning. In many sentences, you can
          substitute yào, &quot;should,&quot; &quot;must&quot;; in other
          sentences, you can use bìxū, &quot;must.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          re, to is
        </para>
        <para>
          iade
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          :e in nere,
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          3. A: Yínháng shénme shíhou kāi men?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Jiǔdiǎn zhōng kāi men.
        </para>
        <para>
          U. A: Jīdiǎn zhōng guān men?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Sāndiǎn Zliōng guān men.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          When does the bank open?
        </para>
        <para>
          It opens at nine o'clock.
        </para>
        <para>
          What time does it close? It closes at three o'clock.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Rotes on Nos, 3-^
        </para>
        <para>
          Kāi men, guān_ men: The words kāi and guān mean &quot;to
          open&quot; and &quot;to close. Men means &quot;door.&quot; In
          referring to business hours, kāi and guān are always followed
          by men. The only exception ìb that mén may be omitted in a
          sentence if the word was included earlier in the conversation,
          as in the following example:
        </para>
        <para>
          Yínháng sāndiǎn zhōng          The bank closes at three
          o’clock.
        </para>
        <para>
          guān men.
        </para>
        <para>
          Xiànzài yījīng guān le.        It’s already closed now.
        </para>
        <para>
          The phrases kāi men and guān men may also mean &quot;to be
          open&quot; end &quot;to be closed.&quot; That is, they may
          refer to states as well as to actions of opening and
          closing.<anchor id="footnote2" /><superscript><link linkend="bookmark95">2</link></superscript>
        </para>
        <para>
          Yínháng hái kāi men ba?        The bank is still open, I
          suppose?
        </para>
        <para>
          You Bank
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Jiǔdiǎn zhōng: The word for &quot;clock&quot; is zhōng, and
          diǎn (literally, ”a dot&quot;) is the counter for hours on the
          clock. In time expressions, zhōng corresponds to
          &quot;o’clock.&quot; As is the case for &quot;o’clock&quot; in
          īāiglish, zhōng may be omitted.
        </para>
        <para>
          Jiǔdiǎn (zhōng).                It's nine (o’clock).
        </para>
        <para>
          cannot questiona
        </para>
        <para>
          ,d, use a it
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Jīdiǎn zhōng; Notice that questions about clock time are
          formed with J1-, not with duoshao, since the answers involve
          small numbers.
        </para>
        <para>
          •ily used Lnfre-you may b» you iise
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          5. A: Xiànzài jīdiǎn zhōng? Hái kéyi huàn ba?
        </para>
        <para>
          B: Xiànzài liahgdiǎn ban. Hái kéyi huàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What time is it now? I may still change money, I suppose?
        </para>
        <para>
          It’s half past two now. You may still change money.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          n bié qù, . bì qù, not (don’
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Notes on No. 5
        </para>
        <para>
          Ba is used in exchange 5 to mark a question expressing the
          speaker's supposition about the answer. Here is another
          example:
        </para>
        <para>
          Yínháng hái kǎi men ba?        The bank is still open, I
          suppose?
        </para>
        <para>
          OB The bank is still open, isn't it?
        </para>
        <para>
          Ban: Liǎngdiǎn bān may be translated as &quot;half past
          two,&quot; or &quot;two-thirty.&quot; Notice that, literally,
          the expression is &quot;two dots half,&quot; with the number
          ban after the counter diǎn. In Chinese, &quot;two-thirty&quot;
          may be said with or without zhōng:
        </para>
        <para>
          liǎngdiǎn bàn OR liǎngdiǎn ban zhōng
        </para>
        <para>
          6- A: Wo yào.huàn yìdiǎn Tèibì.
        </para>
        <para>
          Zhe shi yìbǎikuài Měijīnde luxíng zhipiào.
        </para>
        <para>
          C: Hǎo. Yíkuāi Měijīn huàn sānshibākuài Taibi.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          I want to change some money into Taiwan currency. Here are one
          hundred U.S. dollars in traveler's checks.
        </para>
        <para>
          Certainly. One U.S. dollar is thirty-eight dollars in Taiwan
          currency.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Note on No. 6
        </para>
        <para>
          Huàn Táibì: The verb huàn really means &quot;to
          exchange,&quot; that is, to replace one thing with another.
          Huàn sets up an equivalence between the two items being
          exchanged but does not indicate the direction of the exchange
          (i.e., which item the speaker starts with and which he ends up
          with). In the middle of someone's stay in Taiwan, we assume
          that the phrase huàn Táibì refers to changing some money INTO
          Taiwan currency. At the end of a stay in Taiwan, we would
          guess that the phrase refers to changing money FROM Taiwan
          currency. Only the context indicates whether to translate huàn
          as &quot;change into&quot; or as &quot;change
          from.&quot;<anchor id="footnote3" /><superscript><link linkend="bookmark96">3</link></superscript>
        </para>
        <para>
          7. A: Zhè shi wǔzhāng èrshikuàide Here are five 20-dollar
          traveler's luxíng zhipiào.                 checks,
        </para>
        <para>
          C: Qīng nín dengyiděng. Wo Please wait a moment. I'll be Jiù
          lái.                        right back.
        </para>
        <para>
          •s
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ae? tī
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          ith e
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Potes on Wo, 7
        </para>
        <para>
          Dengyiděr.g is a reduplicated verb with a toneless yī,
          &quot;one,&quot; inserted. Notice that here the second děng
          keeps its tone. Compare this to the type of reduplication you
          saw in Unit 3: kànkan, kànyikan. As you learned previously*
          reduplication has the effect of making the verb more
          tentative.
        </para>
        <para>
          Jiù is used in the last sentence of exchange 7 to indicate how
          soon the action will happen: &quot;immediately,&quot; “right
          away.&quot;
        </para>
        <para>
          Lai: The last sentence in the exchange is said as the teller
          turns away from the counter to go to a desk behind it. In this
          context, the verb lai can be understood as &quot;come
          back.&quot;
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="u-e">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark97" /><anchor id="bookmark98" />u

        <anchor id="bookmark99" />,e</title>
        <para>
          ■ler* s
        </para>
        <para>
          in
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        □ . A: Wo yào dian xiāo piàozl. Zhe zhāng yibāikuàide qīngni gěi
        wo huànhuan, xíng bu xíng?
      </para>
      <para>
        C: Xíng. Gěi nín Jiǔzhāng shikuàide, liǎngzhāng wǔkuàide
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        I would like some small bills. Please change this 100-dollar
        bill for me. Would that be all right?
      </para>
      <para>
        All right. I’ll give you nine tens and two fives.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        9. A: Máfan ni le.
      </para>
      <para>
        C: Mēi shenme.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Sorry to have bothered you. It’s nothing.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ;he
      </para>
      <para>
        jp
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        er
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Sote on Ko. 9
      </para>
      <para>
        Méi shenme: A literal translation of this expression is
        &quot;There isn’t anythingpresumably meaning &quot;What I did
        wasn’t anything.”
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ID.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zǎochen (zǎochén)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  early morning
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zěoshang (zaoshàng)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  morning
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  12,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shàngwǔ (shàngwu)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  forenoon, morning
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  13.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhongwu (zhōngwu}
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  noon
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xfe.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiàwǔ (xiàwu)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  afternoon
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  15.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  wānshang (wānshàng)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ’evening
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  16,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yèli
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  night
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  17.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  hànyè
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  midnight
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  IS,
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jiàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to meet
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  19.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mámahūhū
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  so-so, fair
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary
      </para>
      <para>
        In Chinese, clock time is usually precedes by a time-of-day, or
        part-of-the-day, word; zǎoshang aidian zhōng, ’'seven o’clock in
        the mowing.&quot; Notice that the word order of elements in the
        Chinese phrase is the opposite of the English translation:
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-31.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zaoshang
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bādiSn zhōng
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (seven o’clock
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  in the morning)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Here are more examples of clock-time phrases;
      </para>
      <para>
        zSoshang bādi&amp;i thong ahangwu BhídiSn zhōng xiawǔ eidiǎn bSn
        zhōng vans hang q. Ilian tan zhōng Remember that zhōng may be
        left off. form is usually used.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        0:00 a.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        101Q0 a.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        Il:3D p.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        7:30 p.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        In short answers, however, the full
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        TIME-OF-DAĪ WORDS          TRANSLATIONS
      </para>
      <para>
        zǎochen                early morning
      </para>
      <para>
        zSoshang               morning Cgeneral terra J {full daylight
      </para>
      <para>
        until near noon)
      </para>
      <para>
        shāngwǔ                forenoon (normal working hours until
        noon)]
      </para>
      <para>
        zhōnffwǔ                 noon
      </para>
      <para>
        xiàwǔ                  afternoon (noon until the end of the
      </para>
      <para>
        business day)
      </para>
      <para>
        wan 3 hang               evening {from gunset)
      </para>
      <para>
        bànyē                  midnight
      </para>
      <para>
        yèli                    night (until sunrise)
      </para>
      <para>
        The hours of zaoshaiig and shàngwǔ overlap. Although zaqshang
        can refer to the whole morning, shàngwǔ is often used instead
        when talking about the morning hours of the normal business day
        (9 a.m. Cor perhaps 8 a.m.l until noon). Even in a business
        context, times before 8 a.m. are always referred to as zǎoshang.
      </para>
      <para>
        XlSyǔ ends and wSnshang 'begins at the end of the business day,
        when a person returns home.
      </para>
      <para>
        t-of-
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        wSnshang in the city my last until as late as midnight, while in
        the country yeli nay 'begin at 10 p.m,
      </para>
      <para>
        YĚli sounds a bit old-fashioned to acme speakers, who prefer to
        use wans hang for both &quot;evening” and &quot;night.”
        Wfinsbang is also used to mean &quot;during the night” (i.e.,
        during sleeping hours).
      </para>
      <para>
        ull
      </para>
      <para>
        :ht
      </para>
      <para>
        1 noon 1
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">le</emphasis>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Jiān, literally, ”to see,” means ”to meet (with someone),&quot;
        &quot;to see
      </para>
      <para>
        I someone)-<superscript>0</superscript>
      </para>
      <para>
        Zàijiàn.                        Good-bye. (See you again.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Míngtiān J ian,                  See you tomorrow.
      </para>
      <para>
        Winner! keyi jiǔdiǎn zhōng jiān. We can meet at nine o’clock.
      </para>
      <para>
        Mámahǔhǔ, ” so-bo, <superscript>11</superscript> &quot;fair,”
        &quot;not so bad,” &quot;not so good&quot;: Literally, thia word
        means &quot;horse-horse-tiger-tiger.”
      </para>
      <para>
        Jīntíān zĒnmeySng?             How is it todayī
      </para>
      <para>
        Míúaahūhū.                        So-so.
      </para>
      <para>
        ī
      </para>
      <para>
        i
      </para>
      <para>
        are
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
    </section>
    <section xml:id="rills-1">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark18" /><anchor id="bookmark100" />□RILLS</title>
      <para>
        A. Substitution prill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Qlngwen, nīmen zheli kéyi huàn Meijín ma? (cue)
            Yuánshān
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Dàfàndían
      </para>
      <para>
        (May X ask, can U.S. currency he changed here?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Qīngwěn, Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn key! huàn Měijīn ma? tamen
            noli
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Qīugwèn, tāmeh nàli key! huàn Měijīn ma? Guóbīn Dàfàndiàn
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        k, Qīngwàn, (lufibīn Dàfàndiàn keyi huàn Měijīn ma? zhège
        yínháng
      </para>
      <para>
        5- Qīngwèn, zhege yínháng kàyí huàn MetJ in ma?    nàge fàndiàn
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">é, QĪngwàn, nàge fandi an keyi huàn
        Měijīn ma?    nimen zhèli</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        7. Qīngwèn, nīmen zhèli kéyí. huan Měijīn ma?    ūuÓbīn
        Dàfàndiàn
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Qīngwèn, Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn key! huàn Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        (May I ask, can U.S, currency be changed at the Yuánshān Hotel?)
      </para>
      <para>
        QXngwèn, tamen nàlí keyi huàn Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngyèn, Guóbīn Dàfàndiàn keyi huàn Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qǐngwèn. zhege yínháng káyi huàn Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, nàge fàndiàn XĚyi huàn Meijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, nimen zhèli keyi huàn Měij: ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwēn, Guobīn Dàfàndiàn káyl huàn Měijīn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        B- Transformation and Expansion Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Nín dei zài Taiwan Yfnháng huan.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (You must change it at the Bank of Taiwan -}
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2, Nín del zài Yuánshān Dàfàndiàn huàn-
                                      -
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Kin del aài Guobīn Dàfàndiàn huàn .
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        b, Nín děi zài Měiguo Yínháng huàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        5- Nín del zài Taiwan Yínheng huàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: Hǎo, wǒ zài Taiwan Yínháng huà (Fine, I'll change it at the
      </para>
      <para>
        Bank of Taiwan.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hāo, wǒ zài Yuanshan Dàfàndiàn huà:
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hǎo, wS zài Guóbīn Dàfàndiàn huàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hǎo, wǒ zài Měiguo Yínháng huàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hāo, wc zài Taiwan Yínháng huàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        MON, Unit É
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6, Nín dǒi zài zhège yínháng huàn,
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Nín ail zài Guōbīn Dàfàndiàn huàn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Hāo, wǒ zài zhège yínháng huàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hao, wo zài Guōbīn Dàfàndiàn huàn
      </para>
      <para>
        dan ■rency ishān
      </para>
      <para>
        i MSljīn fl huàn Huàn
      </para>
      <para>
        uàn
      </para>
      <para>
        àn Měiju
      </para>
      <para>
        •yi huàn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            C. Transformation Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1- Speaker: Qīngwèn, yínháng she nine shíhou kāi men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (May I ask, when does the bank open?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Qīngwèn, Jīnrì Gōngsī shenme shíhou guān men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Qīngwèn, Yuǎndōng Gongsī shenme shíhou kāi men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1*. Qīngwèn, Dìyī Gōngsī shēnme shíhou kāi mén?
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Qīngwèn, Taiwan Yínháng shenme shíhou guān men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Qīngwèn, yōuzhèngjú shenme shíhou kāi mén?
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Qīngwèn, Dìyī Gōngsī shenme shíhou guān men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        You; Qīngwèn, yínháng JīdiSn zhōng kāi mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        (May I ask, at what time does the bank open?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, Jīnrì Gōngsī JīdiSn zhōng guān mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, Yuǎndōng Gōngsī JīdiSn zhōng kāi nén?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, Dìyī Gōngsī Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, Tálwān Yínháng Jīdiǎn zhōng guān men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, youzhèngjú JīdiSn zhōng kai mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīngwèn, Dìyī Gōngsī JīdiSn zhōng guān mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        láng huà it the
      </para>
      <para>
        ‘àn huàn
      </para>
      <para>
        n huàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        huàn. huàn.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            D. Response Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Nín yào huàn qián ma? (cue) yínháng
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (Do you want to change money?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Nín yào mǎi dōngxl ma? Jīnrì Gōngsī
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Nín yào huàn qián ma? Taiwan Yínháng
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Nín yào mǎi yǔsǎn ma? Dìyī Gōngsī
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Duì le. Qīngwèn, yínháng JīdiSn zhōng kāi mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        (Right, May I ask, at what time does the bank open?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le. Qīngwèn, Jīnrì Gōngsī JīdiSn zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le. Qīngwèn, Tálwān Yínháng JīdiSn zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le. Qīngwèn, Dìyī Gōngsī JīdiSn zhōng kai mén?
      </para>
      <para>
        HCJI
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            5. Nín yào mǎi pánziwǎn ma? Yuǎndong Gōngsī
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Tā yào mǎi diànshì ma? nàge gōngsī
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7- Nín yào mǎi shōuyīnjī ma? Jlnrì Gōngsī
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        r.
      </para>
      <para>
        Out le. Qīngwēn, Yuǎndong Gōngsī jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Duì le. Qīngvèn, nàge gōngsī jīdiǎn I zhong kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        But le. QXngwèn, Jīnrì Gōngsī jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        E. Expansion Drill
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1, Speaker: Hal keyi huàn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        (May I still change it?}
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You; Xiànzài jīdiǎn zhōng? huàn ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        (What time is it now? still change it?}
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hái kěyij
      </para>
      <para>
        May I
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="5">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái keyi mǎi ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái keyi mǎi
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  3.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hai keyi huàn ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái kéyi huàn
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  U.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hai keyi mai ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái keyi mài1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  5.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Rai keyi huàn ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái kéyi huàa
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  6.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái key! mǎi ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái kéyi mǎi1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  7.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái keyi mai ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài ma?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  jīdiǎn zhōng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hai kéyi mail
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        3- 3 k j
      </para>
      <para>
        5. 3
      </para>
      <para>
        6. 3
      </para>
      <section xml:id="section">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark101" /><anchor id="bookmark102" />3-
        £ 1.</title>
        <para>
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">mu</emphasis>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        F. Expansion Drill
      </para>
      <para>
        Ōngsī
      </para>
      <para>
        I jīdiǎn
      </para>
      <para>
        si
      </para>
      <para>
        Hái keyi
      </para>
      <para>
        May I
      </para>
      <para>
        téyí mǎi |
      </para>
      <para>
        céyi huàn
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        In your responses, assume that
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker; Xiànzài wǔdiān bàn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (It’s five-thirty.)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Xiànzài qīdiǎn bàn. (It’s seven-thirty )
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Xiànzài liùdiǎn zhōng.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Xiànzài qīdiǎn bàn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            t. Xiànzài sīdiǎn bàn.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        5. Xiànzài bādiǎr. zhōng.
      </para>
      <para>
        6. Xiànzài liùdiSn bàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        closing time is seven o’clock.
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Xiànzài wÙdiǎn bàn, hai mei guan men.
      </para>
      <para>
        (It's five-thirty; they haven’t closed yet.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài qldiān bàn, yījíng guan men le,
      </para>
      <para>
        (It's seven-thirty; they have already closed.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài liùdiǎn zhōng, hái mei guān mén.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài qīdlán bàn, yljing guan men le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài sìdiǎn bàn, hái mei guān men.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài bādiǎn zhōng, yijing guān men le,
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiànzài liùdiǎn bàn, hái mál guān mén
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        céyi mài
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        téyl huài
      </para>
      <para>
        kéyi mǎi
      </para>
      <para>
        kéyi mài
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            G. Expansion Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1, Speaker: W5 yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) 100
      </para>
      <para>
        {I want to change a little money into Taiwan currency.)
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì. Zhè shì yìbSlkuài Mǎijīnde luxíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        (l want to change a little money into Taiwan currency. Here are
        one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler’s checks.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark103">2. Wo yào huàn yìdiǎn
            Táibì.</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark104">3. Wo yào huàn yìdiǎn
            Táibì.*</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark105">-. Wo yào huàn yìdiǎn
            Táibì.</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark106">5. Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn
            Táibì.</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        W5 yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì. Zhè shi àrshikuài Mǎijīnde itbtíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì. Zhè shi sìshikuài Míijlnde luxíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn Taibì. Zhè shi sānshikuài Mǎijīnde lUxíng
        zhipiào
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo yào huàn yìdiǎn Táibì. Zhè shi wushikuài Mǎijīnde líbcíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module03MON-StudentText-32.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. WǑ yào huàn yidiǎn Taibi.    70
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎn Taibi.    30
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        WǑ yào huàn yìdiǎn Taibi. Zhè shi pīshikuài Měijīnde luxíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo yào huàn yìdiǎn Taibi. Zhè shi bāshikuài Měijīnde luxíng
        zhipiào.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            H. Expansion Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Wo yào huàn yidiǎnr Rénmínbì.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) 100
      </para>
      <para>
        (I want to change a little money into People’s currency.)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Wǒ yào huàn yidiǎnr Rěnmínbt. (cue) páijià
      </para>
      <para>
        (I want to change a little money into People's currency.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎnr Rénmínbì.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        20
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3, Wǒ yào huàn yidiǎnr Renminbi, pǎijià
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        U. Wǒ yào huàn yidianr Renminbi. 60
      </para>
      <para>
        5. Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎnr Renminbi, páijià
      </para>
      <para>
        6<subscript>t</subscript> Wo yào huàn yidiǎnr Renminbi. 60.
      </para>
      <para>
        You; Wǒ yào huàn yidiǎnr Rěnmínbi. Zhèi shi yìbǎikuài Měijīnde
        lūxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        (I want to change a little money into People's currency. Here
        are one hundred U.S. dollars in traveler's checks.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎnr Rěnmínbì. Jīntiande paijià shi duōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        (l want to change a little money into People's currency. What is
        today's exchange rate?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yidiǎnr Rénmínbì. Zhei shi ērshikuài Měijīnde lūxíng
        zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎnr Rénmínbì. Jīntiande pǎijià shi duōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yidianr Renminbi. Zhèi shi liùshikuài Meijīnde
        lūxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yàc huàn yìdiǎnr Renminbi. Jīntiande páijià shi duōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào huàn yìdiǎnr Renminbi. Zhèi shi bāshik'uài Měijīnde
        luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        ahi Ipiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        shi īpiào.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        I. Expansion Drill
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Zhèi shi wǔzhāng luxíng zhīpiào.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) 20
      </para>
      <para>
        (Here are five traveler’s checks.)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Nèí shi liǎngzhāng luxíng zhīpiào. 10
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Zhèi shi yìzhāng luxíng zhīpiào.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        100
      </para>
      <para>
        nb£.
      </para>
      <para>
        īnde
      </para>
      <para>
        e money
      </para>
      <para>
        Here liars
      </para>
      <para>
        nbī.
      </para>
      <para>
        □shaoT e money
      </para>
      <para>
        What eī}
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        i.. Zhèi shi Hānzhāng lifting zhīpiào. 20
      </para>
      <para>
        5. NĚi shi ēÌzhang lǒxíng zhīpiào. 50
      </para>
      <para>
        <emphasis role="smallcaps">l. Nel shi liùzhāng luxíng zhīpiào.
        10</emphasis>
      </para>
      <para>
        7. Zhèi shi sanzhang luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        20
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Zhèi shi wūzhāng èrshikuài Měijīnde lǔxíng zhīpiào. (Here
        are five 20-dollar U.S. traveler's checks.}
      </para>
      <para>
        líèi^shi liǎngzhāng shíkuàl Mǒíjīnde luxíng zhīpiào,
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi yìzhang yībǎikuài Mel Jīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi sānzhāng èrshikuài MǎiJīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hèi ahi sīzhāng wìíshikuài MǎiJīnde lÚxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nèi^shi liùzhāng shfkuàl Měijīnde lùxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi sānzhāng èrshikuài MǑiJīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        ZhĚi
      </para>
      <para>
        £
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        . Expansion Drill
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        ■ī
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi ng
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        1&gt; Speaker: Wo yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi.
      </para>
      <para>
        (ī want some swm.1.1 bills.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        &gt;?
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi
      </para>
      <para>
        &gt;8
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        2. ZhĚi shi èrshikuài MǎiJīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        3. Wǒ yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi yìbǎikuài MilJīnde luxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        5. Zhèi shi wǔshikuài Mǎijīnde liixíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        5, Wo yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        You: Wǒ yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi. Qīng ni gǎi wo huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        (l want some small bills. Please ■ change this for ne.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi èrshikuài Měijīnùe luxíng zhīpiào. Qīng ni gǎi wo
        huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi. Qīng nl gěi Wo huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi yībǎlkuài Mǎijīnūe lǓxíng zhīpiào. Qīng ni gěi wo
        huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi vttehikuàí Mèijīnde luxíng zhīpiào. Qīng ni gei wo
        huànhuan,
      </para>
      <para>
        Wǒ yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi. Qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        7. Ehēi shi ershikuài Měijīnde lūxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhèi shi ershikuai Měijīnde luxíng zhīpiào. Qīng hi gěi wo
        huànhuan.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            K. Expansion prill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. (cue) 20
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (Please change this for me,)
      </para>
      <para>
        OR Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. (cue) xiǎo piàozi (Please change
        this for me. )
      </para>
      <para>
        OB Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. (cue) paijià
      </para>
      <para>
        (Please change this for me. )
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2, Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. 100
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Qīng nín gíí wo huànhuan. xiǎo piàozi
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        h. Qīng nín gei wo huànhuan. pǎijià
      </para>
      <para>
        5■ Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan,    50
      </para>
      <para>
        Youi Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. ~,”hèi shi Ērshikuàl Měijīnde
        lūxíng zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Please change this for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        Here are twenty U.S* dollars in traveler’s checks.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        WE yào dlanr xiǎo piàozi.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Please change this for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        I want some small bills.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Jīntiande paijià shì duōshaoī (Please change this for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        What is today’s exchange rate?)
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. Zhei shi yībǎikuài Měijīnde lūxíng
        zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gei wo huànhuan. Wo yào diǎnr xiǎo piàozi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. Jīntīànde paijià shì duoshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        Qīng nín gěi wo huànhuan. Zhèi shi wǔshikuài Měijīnde lūxíng
        zhīpiào.
      </para>
      <para>
        1
      </para>
      <para>
        ī
      </para>
      <para>
        B a
      </para>
      <para>
        1?
      </para>
      <para>
        T.
      </para>
      <para>
        JI
      </para>
      <para>
        7Í
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            L. Expansion Drill
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1. Speaker: Yínhàng jīdiǎn zhāng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        (cue) shàngwīi
      </para>
      <para>
        (At what time does the bank open? )
      </para>
      <para>
        2. Yōuzhàngjū bǎdiǎn bàn kai mért-zāoshang
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Yínháng shàngwǔ jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        (At what time in the morning does the bank open?)
      </para>
      <para>
        YóuzhÈngjú zǎoshang badiǎn ban kāi men.
      </para>
      <para>
        tíng
      </para>
      <para>
        ihtian.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        3* Yínháng Jīdiān zhong guān men? xiàwǔ
      </para>
      <para>
        Yuāndōng Gōngsī jīdiǎr. zhōng kāi men? zāoshang
      </para>
      <para>
        _Zhèi LǓxīrē
      </para>
      <para>
        e -
      </para>
      <para>
        liars
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  5.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  □ìyī Gōngsī Jīdiān zhong guan men?    wanshang
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  £.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Taiwan Yínhíng Jīdian zhōng kāi men?    zāoshang
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  7.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  TÉiwān Yínháng Bandlan zhong guān men?    xiāwǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Yínháng xiāwǔ J ī di an zhong guān men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yuǎndōng Gōngsī zāoshang jīdiān zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Diyī Gōngsī wānshang jīdiān zhōng guān men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Taiwan Yínháng zāoshang Jīdiān zhōng kāi men?
      </para>
      <para>
        Taiwan Yínháng xiàwǔ Bāndiǎn zhōng guān men.
      </para>
      <para>
        i. e.
      </para>
      <para>
        ■ )
      </para>
      <para>
        ōshao?
      </para>
      <para>
        ,e.
      </para>
      <para>
        ;e
      </para>
      <para>
        ii shi dpiāo»
      </para>
      <para>
        yào
      </para>
      <para>
        itiānde
      </para>
      <para>
        ìi shi ìīpiāo,
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        X. Response Drill
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Speaker: Yínháng jIdian zhōng kāi men?
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        (cue) 9 a.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        (At what time does the bank open?)
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Yóuzhèngjú J Xdian zhōng guān mén? 5 p.m.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Yuandōng Gōngsī Jīdiān zhōng guān men? 10 p.ns.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        ā. Jīnrì Gōngsī jīdiān zhōng kāi men? B a.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        J. Táiwān Yínháng Jīdiān zhōng kāi men? 9 a.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        •É. Dìyī Gōngsī jīdlǎn zhong guān men?    10 p.m.
      </para>
      <para>
        7. Stage yínhāng Jīdian zhōng guān men?     3 p .31.
      </para>
      <para>
        You: Yínhāng shangwǔ jiǔdiān zhōng kāi men.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The bank opens at nine o’clock in the morning.)
      </para>
      <para>
        YSuzhēngJú xiāwǔ wǔdiān zhōng guān men.
      </para>
      <para>
        Yuǎndōng Gōngsī wǎnahang shídian zhōng guān men.
      </para>
      <para>
        Jīnrì Gōngsī zāoshang bādīān zhōng kāi men.
      </para>
      <para>
        Taiwan Yínháng zSoshang Jiudían zhōng kāi men.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dīyī Gōngsī wānshang shídiSn zhong guan mōn.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nàge yínhāng xiàwǔ sāndiān zhōng guān men.
      </para>
      <para>
        hōng
      </para>
      <para>
        ning
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        n kāi
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        103
      </para>
      <para>
        <superscript><link linkend="footnote1">1</link></superscript><anchor id="bookmark94" />
      </para>
      <para>
        To say &quot;must not,&quot; use qiānwàn biě, &quot;by no means
        must&quot;: Nī qianwan biě qù, &quot;You must not go.&quot; To
        say &quot;need not,&quot; use bú bì or bú yong: Nī bú bì qù,
        &quot;You need not (don't have to) go,&quot; OR Nī bú yong lai,
        &quot;You need not (don<superscript>1,</superscript> have to)
        come.&quot;
      </para>
      <para>
        <superscript><link linkend="footnote2">2</link></superscript><anchor id="bookmark95" />
      </para>
      <para>
        The phrase guān men can also refer to going out of business.
      </para>
      <para>
        <superscript><link linkend="footnote3">3</link></superscript><anchor id="bookmark96" />
      </para>
      <para>
        The English verb &quot;rent&quot; is similar: The sentence
        &quot;I want to rent an apartment&quot; could mean either
        &quot;l have an apartment to rent TO someone&quot; or &quot;I
        want to find an apartment to rent FROM someone.&quot;
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>
</article>