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FSI-Chinese


			
				
					
						
						
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<p><span class="font1">CM 0185 S</span></p><a name="caption1"></a>
<h1><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font10" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark1"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h1>
<p><span class="font14">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
<p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
<p><span class="font8">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></p>
<p><span class="font8">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
<p><span class="font3">SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J</span></p>
<p><span class="font3">UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS &quot;HE,&quot; &quot;HIM,&quot; AND &quot;HIS&quot; DENOTE BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.</span></p>
<h2><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark3"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h2>
<h3><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font6"><a name="bookmark5"></a>A MODULAR APPROACH</span></h3>
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
<p><span class="font5">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
<p><span class="font2">AUGUST 1979</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark7"></a>PREFACE</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font12"> originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font12"> was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">_</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">James R. Frith, Chairman</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board</span></p>
<h5><a name="bookmark8"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark9"></a>CONTENTS</span></h5>
<p><a href="#bookmark6"><span class="font12">Preface</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font12">Objectives </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font12">Map of Beijing</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font12">Map of Taipei</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font12">Target Lists </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 1</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Using buses</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">’’When&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;First,&quot; &quot;last,&quot; &quot;next,&quot; &quot;previous&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be many,&quot; and. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be few&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 2</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">The marker a and its variant </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The locational endings -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font12"> and -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">li</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on the marker ba</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font12">&quot;Then&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iù</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 3 Reference List</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font12">Adverbs expressing manner Drills</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font12">UNIT U Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Choice questions with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on topics and comments</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font12">Compound verbs of result Drills</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font12">UNIT 5 Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark31"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark32"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Distances</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Approximate numbers</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark33"><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ban</span><span class="font12">, &quot;one half&quot; Drills</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark34"><span class="font12">UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark35"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark36"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Compound verbs of direction</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark37"><span class="font12">More on new-situation </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark38"><span class="font12">UNIT 7 Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark39"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark40"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;If&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark41"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Animals) </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font12">UNIT 8 Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font12">Reference Notes .</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;Why&quot; and &quot;because&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Time </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">NOT</span><span class="font12"> spent</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;All,&quot; &quot;not all,&quot; &quot;all...not&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font12">&quot;Again&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font12">Objectives</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font12">Target Lists </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 1 Reference List</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Making an appointment</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;and&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;with&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Three words for &quot;time&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to,&quot; &quot;towards,&quot; &quot;facing&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;more than&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 2</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark52"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark53"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Making phone calls</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> for ongoing action &quot;Whatever,&quot; &quot;whenever,&quot; &quot;whoever,&quot; &quot;wherever&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Verbs and general objects</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark54"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark55"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 3</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark56"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark57"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark58"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Extending an invitation</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;Not only...but also...&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;equal to,&quot; &quot;alike&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;Anyone,&quot; &quot;anything,&quot; &quot;anyplace,&quot; &quot;anytime&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs &quot;Furthermore&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark59"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 1</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark60"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark61"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark62"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Meeting people</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on completion </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;facing&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark63"><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12"> as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark64"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 5</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark65"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark66"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark67"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Taking and leaving messages</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Changing an appointment</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāngcái</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark68"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 6</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark69"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark70"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Invitation to lunch</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;less than&quot; &quot;even more&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparison overview</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Sentence patterns: &quot;although&quot; and &quot;both...and...&quot; Drills..........................235</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT T</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Reference List......................2U1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Vocabulary........................2^3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Reference Notes ...................... 2hU</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Arranging an introduction</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Using word order to express &quot;the&quot; and &quot;a&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Objects of reduplicated verbs</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Three-part motion verbs</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Verbs for &quot;remember&quot; and &quot;forget&quot;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">UNIT 8</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark73"><span class="font12">Reference List.................... &nbsp;.</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark74"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark75"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Declining invitations</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;in place of&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Comparison: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">něng</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Drills..........................266</span></p>
<h4><a name="bookmark76"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark77"></a>MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></h4>
<p><span class="font12">The Transportation Module (TRN) will provide you with the skills needed to use taxis, trains, buses, and planes in China.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Before starting this module, you must take and pass the DIR Criterion Test.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The TRN Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material from CRN, BIO, MON, DIR, and associated resource modules is also included.</span></p>
<h5><a name="bookmark10"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark78"></a>OBJECTIVES</span></h5>
<p><span class="font12">Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Say any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Use the bus system: find out which buses go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, how often they run, where to buy tickets, where to change buses (if necessary), when the last bus of the day leaves, and where his stop is.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1. Take a taxi: hail one, tell the driver where to go, and use commands such as &quot;hurry,&quot; &quot;slow down,&quot; and &quot;stop here.&quot;</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Use the train system: find out which trains go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, when and where to buy tickets, whether or not tickets are available for a train leaving on a specific date at a specific time, the distance to the destination, the duration of the train trip to that place, which platform the train leaves from, what to do with luggage, and whether or not the train has a dining car.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Take a plane: reserve a ticket for a certain date and time; find out whether or not the flight is direct, the duration of the flight, and traveling time to the airport; and arrange for transportation to the airport.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Describe in detail a trip (taken in the past or planned for the future): places visited (which places and what they are like), traveling companions, transportation for the trip, length of stay, number of previous trips to the same places.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">ro</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-1.jpg" alt="" style="width:687pt;height:497pt;">
<p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">NOTE The heavy dark lines show where rhe city walls were formerly located.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font14">Taipei</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-2.jpg" alt="" style="width:464pt;height:585pt;">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Dao Ximending qù, zuò Jilù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Shíbālù.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Shíbālù chē duo bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Bù hěn duō.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Měi gé jǐfēn zhōng you yìbān chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">h. Wo mēige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànying.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Ximending?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Shì. Shàng chē ba!</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dao Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. Wǒ shì bu shi zài zhèli xià chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Bu shi. Xià yízhàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">9. shàng-</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. tōu-</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. gàosu</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. shǎo</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. xià chē</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1U. yǒu(de) shíhou</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">15. chéng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Take Number 18.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not very many.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How often is there a bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I go to see a movie every Saturday.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What time is the last bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes. Get on!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is it here that I get off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">No. The next stop.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">last, previous (something)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">first (something)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be few</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to get off the bus; &quot;Out, please!&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">sometimes</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">city</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Dao zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhfdàchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou. Zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zài chēshang mǎi piào.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Hǎo, xiànzài z3u ba!</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Èi! Zǎnmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hái mēi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Lǎojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige líìkSurshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. -li</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. -shang</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. shàng ban</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. xià ban</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">No. Take the Number 1 bus; take it to Xīdān and change buses.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Where do we buy tickets?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">public bus (local)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">in (locational ending)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to start work, to go to work</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to get off from work, to leave work</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Wǒ yào zuò jìchéngchē dào huǒchēzhàn qu.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wo zhǐ you zhè liǎngjiàn xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Hao, wǒ ba xíngli fang zai qiánbian.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Ní kāide tài kuài lei</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Women you shíjiān, láidejí.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qǐng man yìdian kāi.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Biē kāi name kuài!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. Bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P~1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">10. chūzū qìchē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. láibuj í</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. qìchē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. zhème</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">14. zènme</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I want to take a taxi to the train station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I have only these two suitcases.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, 1*11 put the suitcases in front.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You are driving too fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">He doesn't drive fast.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We have time. We can make it in time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Don't drive so fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Keep the change.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">taxi (PRC)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">can't make it in time car, motor vehicle so, to this extent, in this way so, to this extent, in this way</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Wǒ xiǎng qù Tǎinān wan jitiān.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. NǏ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùju qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huochē qu hǎo. Dào Tainán qù zuò Gōnglùju bú da fāngbian.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò huǒchē děi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ zuìhǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqiǎn qù mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Gōnglùju ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nǐ yào zuò shēnme shíhoude chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwǎn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. chuān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. dìtiě</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. dìxià huǒchē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. wan (wǎnr)</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. -wan</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s better to go by train. To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I take the train, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">And if I take the bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">boat, ship</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià tiědào</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">underground train, subway</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Wǒ xiǎng dào Nanjing qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Ní Jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">MÍngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Shanghai if Nánjlng you duǒ yuan?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōngll.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò huǒchē yào zou duōshao shíhou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Yào zǒu sìge bàn xiaoshí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjlng qù. YÍqián méi qùguo.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Bànge xiàoshí gòu le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xīwang xiàwù líkāi zhèr.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. dǎsuan</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. huòzhě (huòzhe)</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. ylhòu</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. zhōngtǒu</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I would like to go to Nanjing to look around.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjing. I haven’t gone there before.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Half an hour is enough.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to plan to</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">or (alternate form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòshi) </span><span class="font12">afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiaoshí</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Shíbādiàn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qǐng nǐ hǎ nǐde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Shanghai qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Bú yòng JÍ. Hái zǎo ne. Nǐ xian zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shi bu shi kēyi nashang chē qu?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Kéyi bǎ xíngli nashang chē qu.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhèibān chē you cánchē ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hǎojíle.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. ban</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. nashangqu náshanglai náxiaqu náxialai</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. pǎo</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. wan</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. yuètái</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">What time does the train leave?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It departs at 1855.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">No need to be anxious. It’s still early. First, rest a bit in this waiting room.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You may take the suitcase onto the train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Great.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to move</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to take up</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to bring up</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to take down</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to bring down</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to run</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be late</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">train platform (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàntái,</span><span class="font12"> more common in Taiwan)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Lao Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Bu zēnme máng.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qǐng ni gēi wo ding yìzhang </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">fēijī</span><span class="font12"> piào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Něibān fēijī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Ruguǒ wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, láidejí ba?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qǐng ni pài ge chē lai jiē wo, song wo dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. -hǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. luguǎn</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Song, how are things going? Are you busy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not especially busy.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Does this flight go directly to Guangzhou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please send a car to pick me up and take me to the airport.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hotel</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">if (alternate word for ruguǒ)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū men le &quot;ba?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nín wèishénme gang huílai you qù le ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wo zhèicì dào Guangzhou qù shi yǐnwei wo you yige hen hǎode péngyou cong Xianggang lai.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Women you yìnién měi jiàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Tā ^ǐng <sup>wo</sup> Pei ta yìqǐ qù luxíng.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Sānge yuè yǐqiǎn tā hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shěnme dìfang?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Hangzhou gēn Sūzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. You jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Méi dōu qùguo.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">9. huí guo</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. huí J iā</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. huíqu</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">12. rènao</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. you yìsi</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1U. méi(yǒu) yìsi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">15. suǒyǐ (suōyi)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t seen you in a long time. You have been away, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We had not seen each other for a year.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Three months ago she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What places did you go to?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hangzhou and Sūzhōu are really beautiful.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I have the chance, I would like to go again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven't been to all of them.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to return to one's native country</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to come/go home</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting to be uninteresting therefore, so</span></p>
<h5><a name="bookmark79"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark80"></a>UNIT 1</span></h5>
<h6><a name="bookmark14"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark81"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zuò Shíbālù.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bù hēn duō.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">B: Mei gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. C: Wo mēige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyīng.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Zuìhōu yìbān chē shi Jidiǎn zhōng?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shíyīdiān shífēn.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">E: Shì. Shàng chē ba!</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Dào Xíméndīngde shíhou, qing gàosong wS.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">F: Hao.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. A: Hai you Jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">F: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Take Number 18.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not very many.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How much time is there between buses?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There’s one every twenty minutes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I go to see a movie every Saturday.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What time is the last bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Eleven-ten.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes, Get on!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The next stop is Ximending.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">9. shàng-</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">10. tou-</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">last, previous (something) first (something)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">11. gàosu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font12">)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">12. shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be few</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">13. xià chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to get off the bus; &quot;Out, please!&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">11. y3u(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">15. chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">city</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">VOCABULARY</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(counter for regularly scheduled trips of buses, planes, subways, trains, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">vehicle, bus, car city</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be many</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-fēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">a minute</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gàosong gàosu gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to tell, to inform to tell, to inform to separate, to divide off</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">jīlù chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">what number bus</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">mēi-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">every, each</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shàng shàng-shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to get on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">last, previous (something) to be few</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">tou-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">first (something)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xià xià-xià chē Xīméndīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to get off</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">next (something)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to get off the bus; ’’Out, please!” (an area of Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàn zuìhòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">a stop, a station last, final (something)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font12">)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Běihǎi Gōngyuán biéde shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(a famous park in Beijing) other times</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Dōng j īng fang jià hǎowán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Tokyo</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to close for a holiday</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be fun (lit., ’’good for relaxing&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">hui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">will</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">sljì</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zou ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">driver of a hired vehicle let’s go</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<h6><a name="bookmark16"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark82"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuo jīlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zuò Shíbālù.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bù hen duō.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">What bus do you take to get to Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Take Number 18.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are there many Number 18 buses?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not very many.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīméndīng</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;West Gate </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dīng&quot;</span><span class="font12">—</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dīng</span><span class="font12"> being a Japanese term for &quot;district.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīméndīng</span><span class="font12"> is the area of Taipei which surrounds the former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops, department stores, and movie theaters.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lù</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;route.&quot; The question </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīlù?</span><span class="font12"> asks for the route number of the bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to ride/to go by/to take Ea conveyance]&quot;:<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark83">1</a></sup> Here </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;to sit&quot;) means to go by some means of transportation which the passenger is inside of (e.g., car, plane, boat, train, bus, elevator—NOT a motorcycle or a horse). In exchange 1, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font12"> is used as a main verb. It can also be used as a prepositional verb, as in</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī zěnme qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How are you going? (i.e. , by what</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">means of transportation)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I am going by train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be many/much,&quot; is an adjectival verb.<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark84">2</a></sup> There are several points to remember about </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12">:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">a. Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it (e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīn zhuōzi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;new table&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dà fángzi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;big house&quot;). However, when </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12">.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Tā māile hen duō dōngxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He bought a lot of things.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Běijīng jiēshang you hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are many toilets on the</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">duō cèsuǒ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streets of Béijīng.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">b. Much more often, however, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> is used as the main verb of a sentence.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nīde shū zhēn duō! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You really have a lot of books!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jīntiān jiēshangde rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are a lot of people out today,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hen duō. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(literally, &quot;on the streets</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">today&quot;)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">c. Often it does not occur to students to use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> as the main verb of a sentence because in English they do not usually say &quot;The students are many.&quot; They would say &quot;There are many students,&quot; with &quot;many&quot; as an adjective preceding &quot;students.&quot; Compare:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">came.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(There are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">a lot of people</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">here.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèrde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">rén hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(A lot of people</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Láide rén hěn duō.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">NOTE: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shao</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be few,&quot; is used in almost the same ways as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12">. (See Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you How much time is there between buses? yìbān chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">B: Mēi gé èrshifēn zhōng you There’s one every twenty minutes, yìbān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měi-</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;each,&quot; &quot;every.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gé</span><span class="font12"> is a verb meaning &quot;to separate,&quot; &quot;to divide.&quot; It is used for intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., &quot;every half hour&quot;). In exchange 3, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gé</span><span class="font12"> refers to the length of time between buses.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">měi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shíhou</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(every</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">divide-off [intervals</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">time)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;(every) how often&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The first sentence could also be translated as &quot;How often is there a bus?&quot; or &quot;How often do the buses run?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān chē</span><span class="font12">: The counter -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bān</span><span class="font12"> is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of a vehicle. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān chē</span><span class="font12"> is one bus run.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ershifēn zhōng</span><span class="font12">: The counter -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font12">, for minutes, is usually followed by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;clock.&quot; (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōng</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;o’clock&quot; in telling time.) &quot;One minute&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìfēn zhōng</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">èrshifēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yìbān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(each</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">interval</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">twenty minutes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">one Crun]</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bus)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;There’s a bus every twenty minutes.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù I go to see a movie every Saturday, kān diànyìng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měige</span><span class="font12">: When used with a noun, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi-</span><span class="font12"> acts as a specifier and must be followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">měi(ge) rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every person</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">měizhāng zhuōzi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every table</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">meitian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every day</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dōu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;all&quot;: Here the adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> implies &quot;each and every,&quot; or &quot;without</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">exception&quot;—&quot;every Saturday, without exception.&quot; When the subject of a sentence is specified by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi-</span><span class="font12">, the following verb is usually modified by the adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shíyīdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">What time is the last bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Eleven-ten.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuìhòu yìbān chē</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;most,&quot; or &quot;-est.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuìhòu </span><span class="font12">means &quot;latest,&quot; or &quot;last.&quot; Note the order in which the elements of this phrase appear:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zuìhòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-bān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">&quot;the last bus&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(last</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">run</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bus)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Both the number and</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">the counter are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">required</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">in this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">phrase.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Compare:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">first bus&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">next bus&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">last (previous)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font11" style="text-decoration:line-through;">■ J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">bus</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">j&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(See Note on No. 8 and Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià-</span><span class="font12">, ’’next”; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng-</span><span class="font12">, ’’last,” ’’previous”; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóu-</span><span class="font12">, ’’first.”)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">E: Shì. Shàng chē ba!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Does this bus go to Ximending?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Yes. Get on!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shì bu shi qù</span><span class="font12">, ’’does it go to&quot;:<a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark85">3</a></sup> The use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shì bu shi qù</span><span class="font12"> rather than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù bu qu</span><span class="font12"> in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the bus does go to Ximending and wants to make sure. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèbān chē qù bu qu Xīméndīng?</span><span class="font12"> would also be correct.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qù Xīméndīng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;go to Ximending&quot;: The destination directly follows the main verb qu. You now know two ways to indicate destination:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ dào Xīméndīng qù. I am going to Ximending.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ qù Xīméndīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The two forms are equally widely used.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shàng chē</span><span class="font12">: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the meaning was &quot;to go up&quot; in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shàng lóu, yòubian Jiù shi mài dìtúde</span><span class="font12">. In this exchange, the meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;to get on/in Ca vehicle!.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Dào Ximendingde shíhou, qīng gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F: Hǎo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">When we get to Ximending, please tell me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào Ximendíngde shíhou</span><span class="font12"> means when we arrive in Ximending.” If you want to say, in Chinese, &quot;when Lsomething happens!,” add </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de shíhou</span><span class="font12"> to the phrase which names the happening.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In English, &quot;when” can mean either &quot;during the same time” (e.g., &quot;when I was a student&quot;) or &quot;immediately after&quot; (e.g., &quot;when the light turns green&quot;). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">two meanings: -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de shíhou</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;at the after.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zài Xiānggǎn</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gde shíhou </span><span class="font12">hěn xihuan qù kàn diànyǐng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ dàole Tǎihěi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐhòu</span><span class="font12">, mǎile hěn duō Zhōngwén shū.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">same time&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíhòu</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;immediately</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">When</span><span class="font12"> Ci.e. , </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">while!</span><span class="font12"> I was in Hong Kong, I liked to go to the movies very much.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">When</span><span class="font12"> Ci.e., </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">after!</span><span class="font12"> I got to Taipei, I bought a lot of Chinese books.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">8. A: Hai you jizhàn dào Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Ximending.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The next stop is Ximending.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 8</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià yízhàn</span><span class="font12">: Here </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;the next.&quot; It is a specifier. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià</span><span class="font12"> is usually followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">xiàge yuè &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;next month</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">xià yìbān chē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the next bus</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià yízhàn</span><span class="font12"> contains no counter because </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhàn</span><span class="font12">, like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-nián</span><span class="font12"> and -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān,</span><span class="font12"> is not used with a counter.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shàng-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">last, previous (something)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">tóu-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">first (something)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">gàosu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to tell (alternate pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to be few</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xià chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to get off the bus; &quot;Out, please!&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">yǒu(de) shíhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">city</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The specifier </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng-</span><span class="font12">, &quot;last,&quot; &quot;previous,&quot; is used in the same patterns as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià-</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">shàngge yuè &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;last month</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">shàng yìbān chē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the previous bus</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou-</span><span class="font12">, &quot;first,&quot; literally &quot;head&quot;: Let’s contrast </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dì-</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóu-</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dì-</span><span class="font12"> has no meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number: for example, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">sān</span><span class="font12">, &quot;three,&quot; becomes </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìsān</span><span class="font12">, &quot;third,&quot; as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìsānge men</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the third door.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tóu-</span><span class="font12"> has a meaning of its own: &quot;first,&quot; as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóusānge men</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the first three doors.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tóu-</span><span class="font12"> is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun that does not require a counter).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">tóuliǎngge rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the first two people</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">tóusānběn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the first three volumes</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">tóusìtiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the first four days</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóuliǎngge</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the first two,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìèrge</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the second one,&quot; must use different words for &quot;two,&quot; because</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóuliǎngge</span><span class="font12"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(COUNTING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìèrge</span><span class="font12"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(NOT COUNTING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tóuyige</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the first one,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìyíge</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the first one,&quot; are similar in meaning and often interchangeable.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to tell&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosong</span><span class="font12"> is the usual colloquial pronunciation in Beijing speech. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gàosu</span><span class="font12"> is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font12"> tells you that he is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shǎo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be few&quot;: Most of the comments about </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> in these Reference Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12">. Most frequently </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12"> is used as the main verb of a sentence.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒde qian bu shǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zài Taiwan meiyou gōngzuòde rén hen shǎo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">I have quite a bit of money.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There are few people in Taiwan who do not have Jobs.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">One point deserves special attention: Although you may say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn duō shū </span><span class="font12">for &quot;a lot of books,&quot; you may not say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn shǎo shū</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hěn shǎo</span><span class="font12"> can rarely modify a noun which follows—and neither can </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài shǎo</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēn shǎo</span><span class="font12">, and related expressions.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎ chē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to get off Ea vehicle],&quot; may be used to signal that you wish to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as &quot;Out, please,&quot; or &quot;Getting off, getting off,&quot; used by passengers in crowded buses and elevators.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You(de) shíhou</span><span class="font12">, &quot;sometimes,&quot; precedes the verb of a sentence, as other time expressions do.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yǒude shíhou kǎn Yīngwén He sometimes reads English newspapers, bào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ you shíhou zuò Shíbālù Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Originally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chěng</span><span class="font12"> meant &quot;city wall.&quot; This early meaning still affects modern usage: you must say &quot;going INto the city,&quot; not just &quot;to the city.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā jīntiān dào chěnglǐtou qù. He is going to the city today.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark86"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark87"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Modes of Transportation</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">■bicycle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zìxíngchē E</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">BēijīngJ</span><span class="font12"> ; jiǎotàchē ETaiwan1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">boat motorboat rowboat sailboat sampan</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bus</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">coach (long-distance)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chuan</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qìtīng huátǐng fānchuán shānbǎn</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">gōnggòng qìchē chángtū qìchē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">car (automobile)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qìchē, chēzi, chē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">helicopter horseback riding</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhíshēngfēijī qí ma</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Jeep</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">J ípǔchē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">motorcycle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">motuōchē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">plane Jet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fēijī</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">pēnqìshì fēijī, pēnqìjī E</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">PRC3</span><span class="font12">;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">pēnshèshì fēijī, pēnshèjī E</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">TaiwanJ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">subway</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìxiàtiē, dìtiě, dìxià huǒchē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">taxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">chūzū qìchē, chūzū chē E</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">PRC3</span><span class="font12">; jìchéngchē ETaiwani</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">train trolley truck</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huǒchē diànchē kachē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">walking</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu lù</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<h6><a name="bookmark18"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark88"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dao Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) hasn’t yet</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What bus do you take to get to Ximending?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dao Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò Jīlù chē? did not</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dào tā jiā qù, zuò Jīlù chē? hasn’t yet</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jīlù chē? did not</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē tā hǎi méi gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He hasn’t yet told me what bus to take to get to Ximending.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yījīng gàosu wo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Nǎnjīng Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò Jīlù chē, tā hāi méi gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yījīng gàosu wo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hǎi méi gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuò Shíbālù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Take the Number 18 bus.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zuò Yílù chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò Shílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zuò Liùlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíbālù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Please tell me, would it be all right to take the Number 18 bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Yílù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shílù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Liùlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Wǔlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zuò Qílù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zuò Shíèrlù chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Qílù chē, kéyi &quot;bu keyi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíèrlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Mei gě duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) èrshifēn zhōng (How often is there a bus?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shífēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao shíhou yōu yìbān wǔfēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao shíhou yōu yìbān bāfēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao shíhou yōu yìbān èrshifēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao shíhou yōu yìbān shíwǔfēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao shíhou yōu yìbān shíèrfēn zhōng</span></p></td></tr>
</table></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Mei gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(There’s a bus every twenty minutes.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé shífēn zhōng yōu yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé bāfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé shíèrfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) èrshifēn zhōng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Are there many Number 18 buses?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: BÙ shǎo. Měi gě èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Quite a few. There’s one every twenty minutes.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">YÍlù chē duō bu duo? wǔfēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dao Táinān qùde chē duō bu duo? wǔshifēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo. yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé wǔshifēn zhōng you</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Jīlōng qùde chē duō bu duo? sìshifēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo. yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé sìshifēn zhōng you</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Shílù chē duō bu duo? shífēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo. yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé shífēn zhōng you</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Sānlù chē duō bu duo? èrshiwǔfēn zhōng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo. Měi gé èrshiwufēn zhōng you yìbān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrlù chē duō bu duo? shíwǔfēn zhōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Bù shāo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">yìbān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng you</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Taizhōng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What time is that bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qíngwèn, dào Taizhōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdian zhōng? (May I ask, what time is that bus to Taizhong?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Neibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tainan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐngwèn, dào Tāinān qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐngwèn, dào Jīlōng qùde nèibān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Jīlōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīngwèn, dào Jiāyì qùde nèibān chē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Jiāyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐngwèn, dào Tāiběi qùde nèibān chē</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Tāiběi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐngwèn, dào Huāliān qùde nèibān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Huāliān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? Gāoxiōng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qu.de nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">F.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 11:10</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Is this the last bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(No. The last bus is at 11:10.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:30</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 12:00</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn ban.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11: HO</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 12:10</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn sìshifēn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn shífēn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:00</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 10:50</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shídiǎn wúshifēn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">G.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhèibān chē dào Xīméndīng qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Does this bus go to Ximending?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōngshān Bǎilù qù ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōnghuā Lù qù ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Zhèibān chē dào Zìyōu Lù qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Xīméndīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Does this bus go to Ximending?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Zhōngshān Běilù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Zhōnghuā Lù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù ZÌyōu Lù?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zhèibān chē dào Rénài LÙ qù ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhèibān chē dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qù ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zhèibān chē dào Hépíng Xīlù qù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Rénài Lù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Nanjing Dōnglù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Hépíng Xīlù?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Tā xià chē le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Xīméndīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He got off the bus.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Tā xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Xīméndīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He is getting off the bus.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā shàng chē le. Zhōngshān Běilù</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā shàng chē. Hépíng Dōnglù</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā xià chē le. MÍnshēng Lù</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā shàng chē le. Rénài LÙ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā xià chē. Zhōnghuā Lù</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Tā shì zài Xīméndīng xiàde chē. (He got off the bus at Ximending.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài Xīméndīng xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He is getting off the bus at Ximending.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shì zài Zhōngshān Běilù shàngde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài Hépíng Dōnglù shàng chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shì zài MÍnshēng Lù xiàde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shì zài Rénài Lù shàngde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài Zhōnghuā Lù xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Dào Xīméndīng qīng gàosu wo.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) shíhou</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(When we GET TO Ximending, please tell me.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou qīng gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(When we get to XIMENDING, please tell me.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dào Zhōngshān Běilù qīng gàosu Dào Zhōngshān Běilù yīqiān qīng wo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yīqiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gàosu wo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qīng gàosu Dào Nānjīng Dōnglùde shíhou qīng wo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shíhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gàosu wo.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">!♦. Dào Rénài LÙ qǐng gàosu wo. yīqián</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dào Mínquán Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dào Hépíng Xīlù qǐng gàosu wo. yīqián</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dào Zìyéu Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Rénài Lu yīqián qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Mínquán Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Hépíng Xīlù yīqián qīng gàosu wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Zìyéu Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">J. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Hái you Jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) xià</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How many more stops are there to [beforeJ Ximending?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Hai you jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How many more stops are there to [before! Ximending?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Hai you jīzhàn dào Zhōnghuá Lù? xià</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Hai you jīzhàn dào Nanjīng Dōnglù? 2</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Hai you Jīzhàn dào Xīnshēng Nanlù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xià</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Hái you Jīzhàn dào Zìyéu Lù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Hai you Jīzhàn dào MÍnshēng Lù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">xià</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng. (The next stop is Ximending.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hai you sānzhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Three more stops, and that’s Ximending.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Zhōnghuá Lù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hai yōu liǎngzhàn jiù shi Nanjīng Dōnglù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīnshēng Nánlù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hai yōu liǎngzhàn Jiù shi Zìyéu Lù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn Jiù shi MÍnshēng Lù.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">K. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā dào Zhōngguo qù. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) nián</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(He goes to China.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā kàn Zhōngguo diànyīng.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">yuè</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā dào Niǔ Yuē qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xīngqī</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. &nbsp;Tā dào xuexiào lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tiān</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā mǎi Yīngwen zāzhì.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Xīngqīwǔ</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā dào càishichǎng qù. tiān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā kàn bào. tiān</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā měiniān dōu dào Zhōngguo qù (He goes to China every year.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā meige yuè dōu kàn Zhōngguo diànyīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā meige xīngqī dōu dào Niǔ Yuē qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā měitiān dōu dào xuexiào lai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā meige Xīngqīwǔ dōu mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā meitiān dōu dào càishichǎng qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā měitiān dōu kàn bào.</span></p>
<h5><a name="bookmark89"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark90"></a>UNIT 2</span></h5>
<h6><a name="bookmark19"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark91"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídāchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jīlù chē ya?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zuò Yílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Zānmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zài chēshang mai piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. B: Hao, xiànzài zǒu Bal</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Èi! Zānmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cài xià chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">7<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark92">4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#bookmark92">4</a></sup>&nbsp;C: Lāojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">D: Jiù zài něige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">No.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What bus do you take to get there?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Take the Number 1 bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Take it to Xīdān and change buses.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Where do we buy tickets?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. -li</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. -shang</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. shàng ban</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. xià ban</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">public bus (local)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">in (locational ending)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to start work, to go to work</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to get off from work, to leave work</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark20"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark93"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">ba</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(tone softener)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">cái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">then and only then, not until</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">public bus (local)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-li</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">in (locational ending)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">piào (yìzhāng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ticket, coupon</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qìchēzhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bus stop</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-shang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">on (locational ending)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shàng ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to go to work, to start work</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">xià ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to get off from work, to leave work</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Xīdān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(a district in Beijīng)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zánmen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">we (specifically includes the</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">listener)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">exhibition hall</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhídáchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">direct bus , nonstop bus</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zuS dao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to ride to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zuòguò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to ride past</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Andìngměn bī j iǎo dòngwuyuán liǎngcì Xiao (name)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(a neighborhood in Beijīng) comparatively, relatively zoo two times, twice</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Little (name) [familiar form of name among friends]</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xiongmāo zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">panda to exhibit</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zhèicì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">this time</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<h6><a name="bookmark21"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark94"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou Is there a direct bus to the exhibi-zhídǎchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tion hall?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Meiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span><span class="font12"> is the topic of the first sentence in exchange 1.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhídǎchē</span><span class="font12"> refers to a city bus in exchange 1, although the word is more properly used to refer to buses between cities.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Changed tones</span><span class="font12">: You have now learned several three-syllable words in which the middle syllable changes tone in normal fast speech. These words and the changes you hear are</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jiǎnǎdà &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiānādà</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ximending &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ximending</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zhǎnlǎnguǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhǎnlǎnguǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zhídǎchē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhídǎchē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(For further discussion of this type of tone change, see Tone Changes in the P&amp;R Summary.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jilù chē ya?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zuò Yīlù chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">What bus do you take to get there? Take the Number 1 bus.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ya</span><span class="font12"> is a variant form of the marker a_. If the word directly preceding the </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">a</span><span class="font12"> ends in a vowel, the semivowel y or w may be inserted; the marker is then pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wa</span><span class="font12">. If the word directly preceding a. ends in a consonant, that sound is carried forward as the initial sound of the marker: /(consonant sound)a/</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni shi nǎrde ren /n/a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni xìng Wǎng /ng/a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni hǎo /w/a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tǎ zhēn kuài /j/a!</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Take it to Xīdān and change buses.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò dao Xīdān</span><span class="font12">: In earlier exchanges, phrases consisting of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12"> and a place word were placed before the main verb in a sentence. In this exchange, you see that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12"> + place word can also be placed after the main verb. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dao</span><span class="font12"> is toneless when it follows the verb of a sentence.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huàn</span><span class="font12"> is used in exchange 3 for &quot;changing&quot; from one bus to another. It was used in earlier modules for &quot;changing&quot; from one currency to another.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Zānmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Where do we buy tickets? We buy tickets on the bus.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 4</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Although spelled </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zānmen</span><span class="font12">, this word is actually pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zámen</span><span class="font12">, and in everyday conversation even as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zām</span><span class="font12">. Both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zānmen</span><span class="font12"> are translated as &quot;we.&quot; Most speakers of Chinese outside Běijīng use only </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Many Chinese from Běijīng use the pronoun </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">women</span><span class="font12"> only when the person being spoken to is not included in the &quot;we.&quot; To show that the person being spoken to IS included in the &quot;we,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zānmen</span><span class="font12"> is used.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">For instance, if everyone in a room is Chinese, any one person could say to all of the others </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zānmen dōu shi Zhòngguo rén</span><span class="font12">, &quot;All of us are Chinese.&quot; If an American then entered the room, someone might say to him </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Women shi Zhòngguo ren, nǐ shi Měiguo ren</span><span class="font12">, &quot;We are Chinese, and you are American.’*</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài chēshang</span><span class="font12"> consists of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> followed by the noun </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē</span><span class="font12"> plus the locational ending </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-shang</span><span class="font12">. Some verbs like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> must be followed by a place word or phrase (or by time words or phrases). But not all nouns which refer to things which occupy space can be used as place words. You must learn which words can function as place words and which cannot.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèr</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font12">, relative location words (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuǒbianr</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōngbianr</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàibianr</span><span class="font12">, etc.), and names of cities and countries may be used as place words. In general, nouns which refer to buildings, institutions, organizations, parks, and other specific locations may be used as place words. Nouns which refer to vehicles, people, books, furniture, and other things that can be moved around are NOT considered place words. When a noun from this group is to be used in a phrase with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, either a locatiohal ending is added to the noun or the place word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèr</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font12"> follows it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zài zhuōzishang you hěn duō There are many hooks on the table, shū.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài nèige zhuōzi nàr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He studies at that table,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">niàn shū.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Locational endings</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-shang</span><span class="font12">, ’’on*'; -li, &quot;in&quot;; -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wài</span><span class="font12">, &quot;outside&quot;; and -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font12">, &quot;under,&quot; are locational endings.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài lōuxià mai dōngxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is buying things downstairs.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Fàndiànli you meiyou mài &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is there a place to buy candy in</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">tángde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the hotel?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You have learned three generally equivalent ways to form place expressions: noun + locational ending; noun followed by relative location word; noun + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> followed by relative location word.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">men-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-wài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">men</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wài-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-bianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">men</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wài-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-bianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">děng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. B: Hǎo, xiànzài zǒu ba!</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, let’s go now!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ba</span><span class="font12">: You have seen the marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> used in different situations at the ends of sentences. In each case, however, its effect was to soften the impact of whatever the speaker was saying. Here is a summary of the uses you have seen:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">a. After a phrase which puts forth an opinion or guess, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> adds a questioning tone (BIO, Unit 2).</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Tā dàgài bù lai le ba? He’s probably not coming after all, is he?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shi Wèi Shàoxiào ba? You must be Major Weiss.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">b. After a statement which puts forth a course of action, ba softens the tone. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ba</span><span class="font12"> may be used at the end of a sentence with a meaning ranging anywhere from tentative and consulting to suggesting or advising to requesting or ordering. (The tone of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> sentences varies according to the person being spoken to, the speaker’s tone of voice, and other words, such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;please,&quot; in a sentence.) (MON, Unit 3)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ zǒu &quot;ba!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ hǎohāor xiǎngxiang ta!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ba!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zǒu ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ mǎi dàde ba.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Leave! (ORDERING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You think it over carefully! (ADVISING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please go ahead! (INVITING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Let’s go. &nbsp;&nbsp;(SUGGESTING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I guess I’ll get the large one. (TENTATIVE AND CONSULTING)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There is no single way to translate this use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12">. In the examples above, you can see that when the subject is &quot;you,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> goes untranslated; when the subject is &quot;we,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> is translated as &quot;let's&quot;; and when the subject is &quot;I,&quot; ba is translated as &quot;I guess.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font12">shi: Below are some examples of affirmative questions and their</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">negative counterparts (using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú shi</span><span class="font12">). examples </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> means something like &quot;to</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yǐjīng zǒu le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā bú shi yǐjīng zǒu le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā bú shi zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that in the two negative be the case that....&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Has he already gone?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hasn’t he already gone? (isn’t it the case that he has already gone?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Does she live in Shànghǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Doesn’t she live in Shànghǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Isn’t it the case that she lives in Shànghǎi?)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuòguò le</span><span class="font12">: To the main verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to ride,&quot; &quot;to take,&quot; the ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò </span><span class="font12">is added to indicate the result of the action—&quot;going past/too far.&quot; (The full verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to pass,&quot; &quot;to cross.&quot;) The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò</span><span class="font12"> may also be added to the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to go,&quot; to indicate result.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Òu, nǐ zhǎo Nánwèi Hútong! Oh, you are looking for Nánwèi Hútong. Nǐ zǒuguò le! Nǐ dei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You have walked past it. You will</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">wàng huí zǒu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have to go back.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Aspect marker ne</span><span class="font12">: You have frequently seen an aspect marker used to indicate a CHANGE: completion </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> shows that an action or process has been carried out (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā zǒu le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;He has left&quot;); new situation le marks a change in the past, present, or future (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tāde dàyī pole</span><span class="font12">, &quot;His coat is worn out&quot;). In exchange 6, the aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> indicates the ABSENCE OF CHANGE. In this exchange, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation. You may want to think of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> as the opposite of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> is used with ACTION and STATE verbs.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā xiānzāi niān shū ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is studying now.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài zhèr ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He’s here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèizhī bl hai kéyi xiě ne. This pen is still good (can still write).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hai</span><span class="font12">, &quot;still,&quot; &quot;yet&quot;: When this adverb is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Míngtiān wǒ hai bù zǒu ne. I’m not leaving tomorrow (yet).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(i.e., I’ll still be here tomorrow.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā hai méi lai ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He hasn’t come yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;Still&quot; and &quot;yet&quot; may, however, be translated into Chinese with either </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái </span><span class="font12">or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā hai méi lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He hasn't come yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā méi lai ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cai</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;then and only then&quot; or &quot;not until then.&quot; It is used to talk about something that has happened or will happen later than expected.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women míngtiān cái zǒu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We don’t leave until tomorrow.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Sentences in which </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12"> is used emphasize when something happened, rather than the fact that it happened. Therefore </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">(shi)... -de</span><span class="font12">, not </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">, is used to indicate completed action.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā (shi) bādiǎn zhōng cái He didn’t come until eight o’clock, láide.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo zuótiān cái dàode. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn’t arrive until yesterday.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> in the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi...-de</span><span class="font12"> construction may be omitted. Also, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12"> is placed AFTER a time word or phrase and BEFORE the verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You have learned three words for &quot;then&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12"> is used for action taking place earlier than expected. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cái</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> imply that something happens later than expected. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cái</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12"> are used in descriptions of completed or future action. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font12"> is used mostly for plans, suggestions, and commands—in reference to future actions.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zuótiān jiù dào le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He arrived yesterday (already).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā (shi) zuótiān cái láide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He didn’t come until yesterday.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ míngtiān zài zǒu ba.’ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t go until tomorrow.’</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that, in the description of past events, most sentences containing </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font12"> also contain the completion </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> marker.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">7. C: Láojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nar?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Excuse me. Where is the Number 15 bus stop?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s (just) on that corner.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lùkǒurshang</span><span class="font12">, literally &quot;on the intersection&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">LùkSur</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;road mouth,&quot; a crossroads or intersection. The word is a place-word expression and may follow </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> with or without the locational ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark95"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou you meiyou zhídáchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Mínzú Fàndiàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(is there a direct bus to the</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(is there a direct bus &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nationalities Hotel?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to the Běijīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Exhibition Hall?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2, Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sānlitún</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Sānlitún you meiyou zhídáchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xīdān</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān Càishichǎng</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dào Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Jiānádà Wǔguānchù</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Sānlitún you meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Xīdān yōu meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng you meiyou zhídáchē ?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn yōu meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù yōu meiyou zhídáchē?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn yōu meiyou zhídáchē? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Xīdān</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(is there a direct bus to the Běijīng Exhibition Hall?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dào Sānlitún yōu meiyou zhídáchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dōngdān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Guānghuá Lù yōu meiyou zhídáchē? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tāmen nàr</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Meiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē. (There isn’t. You have to change buses at Xīdān.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou, děi zài Dōngdān huàn chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Máiyou, děi zài tāmen nàr huàn chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídǎchē? Qiǎnmén</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dào Jiānǎdà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídǎchē? Xīdān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dào Qiánmén you meiyou zhídǎchē? Dōngdān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dào Wǎngfǔjīng Dàjiē you meiyou zhídǎchē? càishichāng nàr</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou, dēi zài Qiǎnmén huàn chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou, dēi zài Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou, dēi zài Dōngdān huàn chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Meiyou, dēi zài càishichāng nàr huàn chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: dào nàr qù (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) jǐ (to go there)</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">OR dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(to go to the exhibition hall)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark96"><span class="font12">2. dào Dōngdān qù</span></a></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. dào nàr qù</span></p></li></ul>
<p><a href="#bookmark97"><span class="font12">U. &nbsp;dào Xīnhuǎ Shūdiàn qù</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark98"><span class="font12">5. &nbsp;dào Sānlǐtún qù</span></a><span class="font12"> 6. dào Dōngdān Càishichāng qù </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dào nàr qù zuò Jīlù chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What Cnumber2 bus do you take to go there?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(To go to the exhibition hall, take the Number 3 bus.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Dōngdān qù zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Xīnhuǎ Shūdiàn qù zuò Yīlù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Sānlǐtún qù zuò Wulù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng qù zuò jīlù chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nín xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(You first take the Number 1 bus. Take it to Xīdān and change buses.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wō xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I first take the Number 1 bus. I take it to Xīdān and change buses. Right?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nín xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē huàn chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. NÍn xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nín xiān zuò Wulù chē, zuò dao Qiánmen huàn chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. NÍn xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nín xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nín xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiánmán huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dào nàr qù xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(To go there, first</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dào Zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù xiān zuò Yilù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">H. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus. May I ask, where do I change buses?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Sìlù chē. chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Yīlù chē, Qǐngwèn,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">ránhòu zài nǎr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zuò huàn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Wǔlù chē. chē?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrlù chē, Qǐngwèn,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ránhòu zài nǎr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zuò huàn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān Sānlù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zuò chē,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qílù chē, . Qǐngwèn</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">ránhòu zuò</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">, zài nǎr huàn</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">chē?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dào Sānlǐtún qù xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Dào Xīdān qù xiān zuò Shíwùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān zuò Shíwùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) chēshang (Where do we buy tickets?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? zhèr</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? nar</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Dōngdān nàr</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? chēshang</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? càishichǎng nàr</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Xīdān nàr</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Where do we buy tickets? Do we buy them on the bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài zhèr mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài nàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Dōngdān nàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài càishichǎng nàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Xīdān nàr mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zánmen jiùdiǎn zhōng shàng bān.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(We start work at nine o’clock.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Women wùdiǎnbàn xià bān.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Women xià yízhàn xià chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. YÍnháng Jiùdiǎn zhōng kāi men.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Women xià yízhàn huàn chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zánmen jiùdiǎn zhōng cái shàng bān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We don’t start work until nine o * clock.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women wùdiǎnbàn cái xià bān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women xià yízhàn cái xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">YÍnháng jiùdiǎn zhōng cái kāi men.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women xià yízhàn cái huàn chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng xià &quot;ban.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng cāi xià han.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng shàng han. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng cāi shàng hān.</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nānjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(cue) hai měi ne</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Have we reached Nānjīng Dōnglù?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Nānjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) dào le</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Have we reached Nānjīng Dōnglù?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zhōnghuá Lù dào le ma? hāi mei ne</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dàlī Jiē dào le ma? dào le</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhōngshān Běilù dào le ma? hāi mei ne</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Hépíng Xīlù dào le ma? dào le</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Jīlōng Lù dào le ma? hāi méi ne</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We have already arrived. We get off here.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qǐngwèn Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) nèige lùkǒurshang</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(May I ask, where is the Number 15 bus stop?)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it’s tjustl on that corner.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qīngwèn Shísìlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige dàlōu nàr</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige dàlōu nàr.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qingwèn Liùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? lùde nèibian</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Qingwèn, Yílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige yínhǎng qiǎribian</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qingwèn, Sānlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige shāngdiàn nàr</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qingwèn, Qílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? càishichǎng qiǎnhian</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qingwèn, Shílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige diànyíngyuàn qiǎnhian</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài lùde nèibian.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige yínhǎng qiǎnhian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige shāngdiàn nàr.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige càishichǎng qiǎnhian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jiù zài nèige diànyíngyuàn qiǎnhian</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">J. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Tā jidiǎn zhōng lai?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 8 o’clock</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 10 o’clock</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā shuō tā hādian zhōng jiu lǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He says he is coming at eight o’clock.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā shídiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He says he isn’t coming until ten o’clock.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā sìdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? 5 o’clock</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā yìdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12 o’clock</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā hādiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7 o'clock</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā wǔdiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā shíèrdiǎn zhōng jiù lǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā qīdiǎn zhōng jiù lǎi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā Jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā liùdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 o’clock</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā shídiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11 o'clock</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā shíyīdiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h5><a name="bookmark99"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark100"></a>UNIT 3</span></h5>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark56"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark101"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">(in Taipei)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Ài, jìchēngchē!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nǐ dào nǎli?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Dào huǒchēzhān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">2, <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark102">5</a></sup>B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Shi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">3. <sup><a href="#bookmark102">5</a></sup>B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Women you shíjiǎn, láidejí.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">8. <a name="footnote6"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark103">6</a></sup>&nbsp;A: Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Xièxie. Duōshao qiān?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Èr shiqīkuài.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian deng nín.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hey, taxi!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Where are you going?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To the train station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is there only this one piece of luggage?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I’ll put the suitcase in front.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You are driving too fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">He doesn’t drive fast.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We have time. We can make it in time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Don’t drive so fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Here is your suitcase.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Thank you. How much is it Ethe fare J?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Twenty-seven dollars.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, ”No need to give me change.”)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chūzū qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">taxi (PRC)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">láibují</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">can’t make it in time</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">car, motor vehicle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhème</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">so, to this extent, in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">way-</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zènme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">so, to this extent, in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">this</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">way</span></p></td></tr>
</table><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-3.png" alt="" style="width:455pt;height:324pt;">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi-made auto</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">in Guangzhou, 1978</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark15"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark104"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">) chī fan jìnliàng</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">to have a meal</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to exert all one’s effort, to do one’s best to</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(prepositional verb which indicates the direct object)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">biě</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bú yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">don’t no need to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chūzū qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">taxi (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to put</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huochēzhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">train station</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-Jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(counter for items or articles such as suitcases and clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">jìchēngchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">taxi (Taipei)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">kāi kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to drive (a vehicle) to be fast</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lāibují lǎidejí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">can’t make it in time can make it in time</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">man</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be slow</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">name</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">so, to that extent, in that way</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qìchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">car, motor vehicle</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shíjiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">time</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to stop, to park</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xíngli (yíjiàn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">luggage, suitcase</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yíxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">a short amount of time</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zènme zhème</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">so, to this extent, in this way so, to this extent, in this way</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Lao (name)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Old (name) Cfamiliar nickname for an older person among close friends]</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">mótuochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">motorcycle</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">náchuqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to take (something) out</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">song</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to see someone off, to escort someone to a train station, airport, bus depot, or pier</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced in Communication Game</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Zheng hǎo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Right on time.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark24"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark105"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Ài, jìchéngchē!</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nǐ dào náli?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Dào huǒchēzhàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hey, taxi!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Where are you going?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To the train station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ dào náli?</span><span class="font12"> This expression, like the English &quot;Where to?&quot; is not a full sentence. The taxi driver is using a shortened form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ dào náli qù?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Shi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. B: Wǒ ha xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Is there only this one piece of luggage?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I'll put the suitcase in front.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 2-3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhè yíjiàn xíngli</span><span class="font12">: -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàn</span><span class="font12"> is the counter for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> is a prepositional verb which often cannot be directly translated into English. Originally, as a full verb, bǎ meant &quot;to hold something with one's hands.&quot; Today </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> is usually used as a prepositional verb which brings the direct object to the front of the sentence, before the main verb. In some cases, bǎ may be translated as &quot;take.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ zhèiběn shū fàng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He put the book on the table,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zai zhuōzishang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He took the book and put it on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">the table.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">But, in many cases, the meaning of &quot;take&quot; does not correspond to the function of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> in the sentence.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bǎ may be used with many types of objects, concrete and abstract. As a prepositional verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> shows that its object (the noun which follows) is the direct object in the sentence, even though it does not follow the main verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā mài tāde qìchē le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He sold his car.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ tāde qìchē mài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The next questions are &quot;Why use bǎ?&quot; and &quot;When is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> used?&quot; On the next page are some basic rules for using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">a. The object in a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ba</span><span class="font12"> phrase must be a particular known thing. This rule follows the general pattern in Chinese of an object preceding the verb, in topic position or in a bǎ phrase, being specific.<a name="footnote7"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark106">7</a></sup> The object in a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> phrase should be translated by the English definite article &quot;the&quot; or by other words that indicate definiteness, such as &quot;that&quot; and &quot;my.&quot;</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font12"> ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you have </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">any luggage?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You. Zhǐ you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhè yíjiàn</span><span class="font12">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes. I have only </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">this one piece</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font12"> fàngzai &nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. I will put </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">the suitcase</span><span class="font12"> in</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qianbian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;front.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">b. The object of a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> phrase must be at the disposal of the subject before the action begins. Thus the object of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to see,&quot; cannot be used with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12">, nor can the object of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to buy.&quot;</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ mǎile nèibǎn shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I bought the book.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ nèiběn</span><span class="font12"> shū mài le. I sold the book.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">c.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Fàng zai qiánbian</span><span class="font12">: The verb in a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> sentence is usually a transitive ACTION verb. An action verb refers to an activity that can be done voluntarily, either physically (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mài</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to sell&quot;) or mentally (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to study&quot;). Contrast this with a state verb, which refers to a quality or condition that the subject has no control over.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">For instance, you can decide to study or to learn something, so </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xué</span><span class="font12"> is an action verb. But you cannot decide to know something, so </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao</span><span class="font12"> is a state verb. Although some state verbs, like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīhuan</span><span class="font12">, are transitive, the objects of these verbs cannot be put in a bǎ phrase because these verbs are not action verbs.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">d. A </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> sentence does not end with only a verb of one syllable. Either the verb has several syllables or a phrase follows the verb. In the final sentence of exchange 3, the action verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fang</span><span class="font12"> is followed by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai </span><span class="font12">and the destination </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qiánbian</span><span class="font12">.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You are driving too fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">-de: To describe how action is performed, the marker -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> is added to the verb describing the action, and that verb is followed by an adjectival verb which expresses the MANNER in which the action takes place.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cultural information</span><span class="font12">: Taxi drivers are not offended by comments about their driving such as the exclamation in exchange U. If ignored, a request to slow down should be repeated.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">He doesn’t drive fast.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Verb, object, and the description of manner</span><span class="font12">: If an action verb with a direct object is to be described in terms of how the action is done, use the following pattern.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shuō</span></p></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhōngguo huà</span></p></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shuō -de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">tài</span></p></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">man.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">hen</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bú</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Chinese</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">too very not</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">slow)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;He speaks Chinese too/very/not slowly.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that the main verb and direct object occur first; then the main verb is repeated, followed by -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> and the description of manner. Compare the pattern above with the pattern you learned in the Biographic Information Module, Unit 8: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">W5 niàn Yīngwěn niànle liùnián</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I studied English for six years.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The main verb is repeated when BOTH the direct object and a duration phrase or a description of manner MUST follow the verb directly. In such a case, Chinese handles this post-verb &quot;traffic jam&quot; by making a topic out of the more general information (what is being done): the verb and direct object. The more specific information about how the action is done becomes the comment. A literal translation of the pattern example above is &quot;As for (the way) he speaks Chinese, (he) speaks too/very/not slowly.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A special point to observe: In English, we may say &quot;He doesn’t speak Chinese slowly,&quot; putting the negative word before &quot;speak.&quot; In Chinese, the negation must be placed directly in front of the word that is referred to (in the example, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font12">, &quot;slow&quot;—not saying that he doesn’t speak, but saying that his speech is not slow).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Linguists have pointed out the potentially comical effect of using English word order for sentences in Chinese with manner descriptions.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If you were to use English word order to say ”1 can’t speak Chinese very well,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ hú huì shuō Zhongguo huà hěn hǎo</span><span class="font12">, your sentence would mean, literally, &quot;(The fact that) I can’t speak Chinese is very good.&quot; The right way to say &quot;I can't speak Chinese very well&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ shuō Zhongguo huà shuōde hú tài hǎo</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Qǐng man yìdiǎn kai.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">We have time. We can make it in time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 6-7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ShiJ iān</span><span class="font12">: You now know two words for &quot;time&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíhou</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíjiān</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shíjiān</span><span class="font12"> is used for an amount of time. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shíhou</span><span class="font12"> is usually used for a point or period in time when something happens.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Láidejí</span><span class="font12"> is an idiom meaning &quot;ahle to make it on time Cto do something].&quot; The negative, &quot;not ahle to make it on time,&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">láibují</span><span class="font12">. (See the Meeting Module for additional discussion of such idioms.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;Please drive a little slower&quot;: In the notes on exchange 5, you learned a pattern for describing manner: verb + -de + adjectival verb. In this sentence, however, the adjectival verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font12"> + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font12"> precede the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font12">. When the adjectival verbs </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">man</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǎo</span><span class="font12">, and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎn</span><span class="font12"> are followed by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font12">, the phrases thus formed may either precede or follow the verb of the sentence.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng man yidiǎn kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng kāi man yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng kāi kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zǎo yìdiǎn lǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni lǎi zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni wǎn yìdiǎn lǎi. Qǐng ni lǎi wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Many adjectival verbs + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font12"> must</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xiě xiǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xiě dà yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little faster.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please come a little earlier.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please come a little later.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">follow the sentence verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Write it a little smaller. Write it a little bigger. Do it a little better.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">The marker -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> is optional, and usually omitted, before adjectival verb + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font12"> phrases.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">8. A: Bié kāi name kuài!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Don’t drive so fast!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 8</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Here you see a third way to describe the performance of an action.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">First, you saw a straight description:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You are driving too fast!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā niàn shū niànde bu cuò. She is doing pretty well in her studies.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Then, you saw a command in which an adjectival verb + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn</span><span class="font12"> phrase could be placed either before or after the main sentence verb:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please drive a little slower.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Now, in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bié kāi nàme kuài</span><span class="font12">, you see a negative command. The modifying adjectival verb follows the main verb. The marker -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> is optional, and usually omitted, as long as the adjectival verb is preceded by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàme</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhème</span><span class="font12"> (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnme</span><span class="font12">).</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bié zǒu nàme màn le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Quit walking so slowly!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bié qǐlai zenme wan! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t get up so late!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ zǒu nàme màn, zànmen Jiu If you walk so slowly, we won’t láibují le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make it in time!</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Èrshiqǐkuài.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">Here is your suitcase.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Thank you. How much is it Cthe fareJ?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Twenty-seven dollars.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, &quot;No need to give me change.<sup>1</sup>’)</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Èrshiqǐkuài</span><span class="font12">: This money phrase does not contain the word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qian</span><span class="font12"> because the counter </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font12"> can stand alone if the reference could clearly be only to money. Other counters for money, such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mao</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font12">, usually require the addition of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qián</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú yòng zhǎo le</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú yòng</span><span class="font12"> is an idiom meaning &quot;no need to.&quot; A more literal translation of the sentence is &quot;No need to give me change.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ bú yòng kāi name kuài</span><span class="font12"> would be translated as &quot;There’s no need for you to drive that fast.&quot;<a name="footnote8"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark107">8</a></sup></span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">10. A: Qīng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo. Wo bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 10</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font12">, &quot;awhile,&quot; is used to indicate a short, indefinite amount of time. The use of this word communicates indefiniteness, Just as reduplicating the verb would have done (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tíngyitíng)</span><span class="font12">. The first speaker in this exchange does not commit himself to an exact length of time.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark59"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark108"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ kāide tài kuai le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā tíngde tài kuài le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shū</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yīngwén</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. NǏ xuěde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zhōngwén</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā niànde tài kuài le. zhengzhixué</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Qǐng ni màn kāi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Please drive slowly.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qǐng ni màn zǒu.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qǐng ni màn shuō.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. &nbsp;Qǐng ni kuài shuō.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qǐng ni màn xià chē.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qǐng ni kuài qù.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qǐng ni kuài shàng chē.</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. (You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā ting chē tíngde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kàn shū kànde tài màn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ xuě Zhōngwěn xuede tài màn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā niàn zhengzhixué niànde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kàn hào kànde tài màn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni kuài yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn xià chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shàng chē.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ kāi chē, kāide tài kuài le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(You are driving too fast.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nǐ shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ kāi chē kàide tài kuài le. Qǐng nǐ màn yìdiān kāi. (You are driving too fast.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">N? shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiān shuō.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiān kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni mài piào màide tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān mài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān shuō.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Women you shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) tài yuān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Women you shífēn zhōng, laidejí láibují?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) hěn jin</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tài yuān. Jiù you shífēn zhōng, láibuj í.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(It’s too far. CIfJ we have only ten minutes, we can’t make it in time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hen jin. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it’s very near. LIfJ we have ten minutes, we can make it in time.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">2. Women yōu sānshifēn zhōng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tài yuān. Jiù you sānshifēn zhōng,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láidejí láibují? tài yuān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;láibují.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">3. Women yōu èrshifēn zhōng, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hěn jin. Yōu èrshifēn zhōng, láidejí</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láidejí láibují? hěn J in</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">U. Women you shíwǔfēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? tài yuan</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Women you shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hěn jin</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Women you èrshifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tài yuǎn</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qīng màn yìdiǎn kāi. (Please drive a little slower.)</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qing kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qing màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Qing kuài yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qing kuài yìdiǎn kàn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qing màn yìdiǎn shuō.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qīng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">F.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Women láidejí. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) qīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We can make it in time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Women láidejí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) bie</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We can make it in time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒmen yōu shíjiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Tài yuǎn. Jiù you shíwǔfēn zhōng, láibují.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hěn jin. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tài yuǎn. Jiù you èrshifēn zhōng, láibuj í.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Bie kāi zhème kuàil (Don’t drive so fast! )</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bie zōu zhème màn!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bié shuō zhème kuàil</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bié kāi zhème màn!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bie kàn zhème màn!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bié shuō zhème kuài!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bie zǒu zhème màn!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Women láidejí. Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We can make it in time. Please drive a little slower.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We can make it in time. Don’t drive so fast!)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. Women you shíjiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bié</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Women láidejí. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qǐng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Women láidejí. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bié</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Women you shíjiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qǐng</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Women you shíjiān. Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women láidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women you shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">G.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Èrshiqīkuài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) bù</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Twenty-seven dollars.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">OR Èrshiqīkuài. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qǐng ni</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) sān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Twenty-seven dollars.)</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo sānkuài qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Here’s thirty dollars, give me three dollars change.)</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Please CinJ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrshiliù kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bú yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">le</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrshi kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi sānshikuài. shíkuài qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrshiwǔ kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bú yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">le</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrshiyī kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Jiǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi sānshikuài. jiùkuài qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Èrshibā kuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi sānshikuài.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Bú yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">le</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qǐng ni ting yíxià. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yínháng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Please stop for a moment.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qing ni ting yíxià. càishichǎng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. diànyingyuàn</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. shūdiàn</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. xuéxiào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. fàndiàn</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qǐng ni ting yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">yínháng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">? Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Please stop at that bank for a moment.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige càishichǎng ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige diànyingyuàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige shūdiàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige xuéxiào ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige fàndiàn ting yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng ting yíxià.</span></p>
<h5><a name="bookmark109"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark110"></a>UNIT 4</span></h5>
<h6><a name="bookmark60"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark111"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">(in Taipei)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Wo xiǎng qù Tǎinǎn wan jitiān.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xfng?<a name="footnote9"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark112">9</a></sup></span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Dào Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. C: Shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">4. E: Ni shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">F: Dào Tǎinǎn zuò huǒchē zuì fāngbian.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nì zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiǎn yíqiǎn qù mǎi piào.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Wo yào zuò shàngwude chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwude piào dōu màiwǎn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Would it be all right to take the bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s better to go by train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">boat, ship</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">dìtiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià tiědào</span><span class="font12">)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìxià huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">underground train, subway</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wan (wánr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to be finished (occurs in compound</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">verbs of result)</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark27"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark113"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bú bì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">not necessary, don’t have to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">boat, ship</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìtiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">subway (abbreviation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìxià </span><span class="font12">tiědào)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">dìxià huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">underground train, subway</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fāngbian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be convenient</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Gōnglùju</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Bureau of Highways (Taiwan)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">train</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">liàngsān-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">two or three</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">màiwán le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be sold out</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">wan (wánr) -wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself to be finished (occurs in compound</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">verbs of result)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ahead of time, beforehand</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zuì hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">it would be best to</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huá chuán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to row a boat</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">sàn bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to take a walk</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">hill, mountain</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shu?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">rivers, lakes (literally, ’’water&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">youyǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to swim</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<h6><a name="bookmark28"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark114"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù Tainan wǎn jitiān. I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The basic meaning of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wan</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;to play.&quot; It is often best translated into English as &quot;to relax,&quot; &quot;to enjoy oneself.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Dào Tǎinǎn qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Would it be all right to take the bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōnglùjú</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the Bureau of Highways&quot; in Taiwan, is the agency which administers the island’s intercity bus system. The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjú </span><span class="font12">means &quot;to take a Bureau of Highways bus.&quot; This phrasing is analogous to &quot;I’m going by Greyhound.&quot; In talking about the buses themselves, you would have to say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōnglùjúde chē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the buses of the Bureau of Highways&quot;:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Gōnglùjúde chē hěn shūfu. The buses of the Bureau of Highways are very comfortable. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūfu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be comfortable&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sentences containing both dào and zuò phrases</span><span class="font12">: The </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font12"> phrase usually comes first in a sentence with both a prepositional phrase expressing destination (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào...</span><span class="font12">) and a prepositional phrase expressing means of conveyance (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò...</span><span class="font12">).However, if the destination is being stressed, the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào </span><span class="font12">phrase may be placed at the beginning of the sentence, in the topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 2.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā měitiān zuò gōnggòng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He rides the bus to school every</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qìchē dào xuexiào lǎi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;day.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào yínhǎng qù, tā bú zuò To go to the bank, he doesn’t take gōnggòng qìchē. Tā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the bus. He walks there,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zǒu lù qu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú dà</span><span class="font12"> might also be translated as &quot;not too,&quot; &quot;not so.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">D: Zuò huochē qu hǎo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s better to go by train.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi...háishi</span><span class="font12">: In a choice-type question, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span><span class="font12"> serve to mark off the choices more clearly. Below are some of the most common ways of asking the question &quot;Do you want the red one or the yellow one?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ yǎo hóngde, háishi yào huángde? (PREFERRED FORMS)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> yào hongde, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span><span class="font12"> yào huángde?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ yào hóngde, huángde? (FAMILIAR, VERY COLLOQUIAL; NO PAUSE AT COMMA)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> yào hóngde, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> yào huángde? (LEAST PREFERRED; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi </span><span class="font12">UNSTRESSED HERE)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> clarifies the choices in a choice-type question. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne </span><span class="font12">may be placed after one or the other choice or after both choices.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ Jīntiān qù ne, háishi Are you going today or tomorrow? míngtiān qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ Jīntiān qù, háishi míngtiān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qù </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ Jīntiān qù </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12">, shi míngtiān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qù ne? (COMMUNICATES GENUINE PERPLEXITY)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo</span><span class="font12">; Here a whole phrase, which could also be a sentence is used as the subject of the sentence.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">hǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(ride train go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">good)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo</span><span class="font12"> is translated here as &quot;better,&quot; not as &quot;good.&quot; Adjectival verbs used alone (i.e., not modified by words such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12">) usually express comparison.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neige xuésheng hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which student is better?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shéi kuài? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who is faster?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">U. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hao ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùju qu hao ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F: Dào Tainan zuò huǒchē zuì fānghian.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 4</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ shuō</span><span class="font12"> begins a question, the phrase is translated as &quot;would you say&quot; or &quot;do you think.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. $</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font12"> may sometimes be translated as &quot;ahead of time,&quot; &quot;beforehand.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì hǎo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;best,&quot; acts as an adverb in exchange 5» coming after the subject </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ</span><span class="font12"> in the second sentence. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuì hǎo</span><span class="font12"> is used to offer advice politely not to warn a person that he had &quot;better&quot; or &quot;best&quot; do something.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngsāntiān</span><span class="font12">: When approximate amounts, such as &quot;two or three,&quot; are given in Chinese, the numbers are read together, with no equivalent of &quot;or.&quot; This system is also used when two words are combined to indicate an approximate date.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">sìwùge rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four or five people</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">mínghòutiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tomorrow or the day after</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qībāyuè &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;July or August</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngsāntiān yǐqián</span><span class="font12">: For &quot;ahead of time,&quot; &quot;in advance,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐqián</span><span class="font12"> is used (instead of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font12">) when the amount of time is stated. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐqián</span><span class="font12"> follows the word indicating the amount of time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ děi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font12"> qù mǎi piào. You have to go </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ahead of time</span><span class="font12"> to buy tickets.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ děi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngsāntiān yǐqián</span><span class="font12"> You have to go </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">two or three days </span><span class="font12">qù mǎi piào. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ahead of time</span><span class="font12"> to buy tickets.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò Gōnglùjú</span><span class="font12">, &quot;if I take the bus&quot;: The beginning of the first sentence in exchange 6 is translated with an &quot;if&quot; in English. Literally, the Chinese sentence is &quot;Take the bus, also have to beforehand buy tickets?&quot; In a sense the &quot;if&quot; part of the sentence is a kind of topic in Chinese, providing the setting for the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, the setting or condition can often be put in the topic position. In English, a particular word must be used to clarify the relationship of the first part of the sentence to the second part.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">If</span><span class="font12"> I take the bus,....</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">„ v &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When one takes the bus.....</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuo Gonglùjú,.... ----</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">For</span><span class="font12"> taking the bus,....</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">To</span><span class="font12"> take the bus,....</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú bì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;not necessary,&quot; &quot;don’t have to,&quot; is the phrase to use as the negative of the auxiliary </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dei</span><span class="font12">, &quot;must,&quot; &quot;have to.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Děi</span><span class="font12"> cannot be made negative.*</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">What train do you want to take?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I want to take a morning train.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shénme shíhoude chē</span><span class="font12"> has been translated simply as &quot;what train.&quot; More literally, the phrase means &quot;a train (arriving at) what time.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">*&quot;Must not&quot; as in &quot;You must not go&quot; can be translated as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù néng</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ bù néng qù</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">8. B: Duibuqí, shàngwǔde piào dōu I’m sorry, the tickets for the màiwán le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;morning trains are all sold out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 8</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to end,&quot; &quot;to he over,&quot; cannot take a direct object.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wánle ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it over?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wánle meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it over yet?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hái méi wán ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It isn’t over yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">By itself, the expression </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan le!</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;That’s all,&quot; &quot;There’s no more,&quot; or &quot;That’s it!&quot; People often end speeches and recordings with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán le!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Màiwán le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to he sold out,&quot; literally &quot;sell finished&quot;: Here is another example of a compound verh of result.<a name="footnote10"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark115">10</a></sup> Compound verbs of result communicate both the action being performed and its result. In compound verbs of result, the first verb indicates the action; and the second, the result. Not every action verb is used in compound verbs of result, nor are verbs indicating the result always predictable.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">All examples which have been presented in this and previous modules occur with completion </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-wán</span><span class="font12"> is used as an ending, it indicates finishing, as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ hái méi shuōwán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I haven’t finished speaking yet,&quot; or depletion, as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">màiwán le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;sold out,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒngwán le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;used up.&quot; In English, you might Just say &quot;finished,&quot; without indicating what you have finished doing. In Chinese, the action which has been finished is usually mentioned.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ chīwán le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have finished eating.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo huàwán le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have finished drawing.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo kànwán le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have finished reading.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ hái méi shuōwán ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have not finished talking yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā hái méi zuòwán ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has not finished (doing some</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">thing) yet.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark64"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark116"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ qù náli? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wo xiǎng qù Táinán wan jitiān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Táinán &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I’m thinking of going to</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Where are you going?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tainan to relax for a few</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">days.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Xīnzhú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Xīnzhú wán jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Jiāyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Jiāyì wán jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Gāoxiōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Gāoxiōng wán Jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Huālián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Huālián wán jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Táidōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Táidōng wán jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Nī qù náli?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Táiběi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">qù Táiběi wán jitiān.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">B. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuò Gonglùjú.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Tainan (Take the bus.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zuò huǒchē. Jiāyì</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò zhídáchē. Gāoxiōng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zuò jìchéngchē. Táidōng</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuò huǒchē. Huāliān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zuò jìchéngchē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jīlōng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zuò Gōnglùju. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taizhōng</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(To go to Tainan, would it be all right to take the bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Jiāyì qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Gāoxiōng qù zuò zhídáchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Táidōng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Huālián qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Jīlōng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dào Táizhōng qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) kěshi bú dà</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Would it be all right to take the bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zuì</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Would it be all right to take the bus?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng? kěshi bú dà</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Zuò Jìchěngchē xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuò Sānlù chē xíng bu xíng? kěshi bú dà</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">6,</span><span class="font12"> Zuò Wulù chē xíng bu xíng? zuì</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it would be all right to take the bus, but it’s not very convenient.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it would be all right to take the bus; it’s most convenient.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Jìchěngchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Sānlù chē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng, zuì fāngbian.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Gōnglùjú (is it all right to take the train?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Jīntiān qù hǎo bu hao? míngtiān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò Gōnglùjú hǎo bu hǎo? Jìchěngchē</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Míngtiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? hòutiān</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo? qìchē</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō shi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò jìchěngchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō, míngtiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò qìchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Jīntiān qù hǎo hu hǎo? míngtiān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zuò fēijī hǎo hu hǎo? huochē</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù haǒ ne, háishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ shuō shi zuò fēijī qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yes</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) no</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dei xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshī ma? yes</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dei xiān zuò Yílù chē ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H. Dei xiān dào Xīdān ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yes</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dei xiān huàn qián ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Dei xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dei xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(It's necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bu bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dei xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān zuò Yílù chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dei xiān dào Xīdān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān huàn qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 2 or 3 days (is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) no (is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yīqián mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it would be best for you to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Dei xiān mǎi piào ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngtiān yīqián mǎi piào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">2 days</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Dei xiān huàn qián ma? H or 5 days</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Dei xiān kàn zhèiběn shū ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3 days</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Děi xiān huàn qián ma? no</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Ni zuì hǎo sìwǔtiān yiqián huàn qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú hi xiān qù kàn gēge.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni zuì hǎo sāntiān yiqián kàn zhěiběn shū.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bú bì xiān huàn qián.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(What train do you want to take?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Ni yào zuò jidiǎn zhongde chē? xiàwǔ 2:10</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. NÌ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? wǎnshang</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Ni yào zuò Jidiǎn zhongde chē? zǎoshang 9:50</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? shàngwu</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Ni yào zuò Jidiǎn zhongde chē? shàngwu ll:U0</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? xiàwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I want to take a morning train.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo yào zuò xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn shífēnde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào zuò wǎnshangde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào zuò zǎoshang Jiǔdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔ shíyīdiǎn sìshifēnde chē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔde chē.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qingwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(May I ask, are there still tickets for the morning train?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qingwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qingwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Qingwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qingwèn, Jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qingwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào hái you meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">? Qingwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(May I ask, are the tickets for the morning trains all sold out?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, Jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qingwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?</span></p>
<div>
<h5><a name="bookmark117"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark118"></a>UNIT 5</span></h5>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark65"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark119"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Wo ye xiǎng dào Nānjīng qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu keyi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Shanghai lí Nanjing you duō yuan?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglǐ.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiaoshí.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiaoshí.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. B: Ni jìhua zài Nānjīng zhù jǐtiān?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nānjīng qù. Yǐqiān méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō liǎngtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Měitiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Wo xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. <a name="footnote11"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark120">11</a></sup>&nbsp;B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I would also like to go to Nānjīng to look around.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How far is Shanghai from Nānjīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It probably takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes half an hour.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How many days do you plan to stay in Nanjīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This will be the first time I have gone to Nānjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Two days are enough.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How many trips are there each day?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are there trains in the afternoon?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">8«,<a name="footnote12"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark121">12</a></sup>B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you There’s an express at 1305. yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">9. dǎsuan</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. huòzhě (huòzhe)</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. ylhòu</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. zhōngtou</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">to plan to</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">or (alternate form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòshi</span><span class="font12">) afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiaoshí)</span></p>
<div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-4.png" alt="" style="width:454pt;height:320pt;">
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Gate at Shenzhen, where people get off the train from Hong Kong, walk across a bridge into China (through the gate in photo), and board a train for Guangzhou. Most of the people in the picture are Hong Kong residents on their way to visit relatives in Guangzhou.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark23"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark122"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">half (followed hy a counter or a noun which does not take a counter)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-Cl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">occasion, time</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dàgài</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">dǎsuàn (dǎsuan) dìyícì (dìyícì) -duo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">probably, approximately to plan to the first time over, more than</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gōnglī gòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">kilometer to be enough</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huòshi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">huòzhě (huòzhe)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">or or</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">jìhua</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to plan to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">kànkan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to see, to look around, to sight-see, to visit</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">líkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to leave</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-tang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(counter for bus trips, train trips, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">tèkuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">express train</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xiǎoshí</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">xīwàng (xīwang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">hour</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to hope</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">must, to have to; to take (a certain amount of time)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">yǐhòu yiqián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">afterwards, later on; in the future before, in the past</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zhōngtóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">hour</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">biéde dìfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">other places (cf. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">biáren</span><span class="font12">. *'other people’*)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">cānguān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">duoshao hào gōngchǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">juédìng yìshuāng pixie</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">you hǎo you pianyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to visit as an observer what size (shoe) factory to decide</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">a pair of leather shoes both good and inexpensive</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">7U</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<h6><a name="bookmark32"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark123"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nanjīng qù kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu keyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I would also like to go to Nanjīng to look around.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What day do you plan to go?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kànkan</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to have a look&quot;: In exchange 1, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànkan</span><span class="font12"> refers to doing some sight-seeing. The reduplicated verb form implies an indefinite amount of sight-seeing, best translated into English as &quot;to have a look,&quot; &quot;to look around.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huòshi</span><span class="font12"> (alternate, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huòzhě</span><span class="font12">) is used acceptable or possible.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ qù mǎi yìdiǎnr píjiǔ huòshi mǎi yìdiǎnr qìshuī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā míngtiān huòshi hòutiān lai kàn nī ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Haishi</span><span class="font12"> is used for &quot;or&quot; when a choice</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī mǎi píjiǔ háishi mǎi qìshuī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī xīhuan dàde háishi xīhuan xiǎode?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">for &quot;or&quot; when both alternatives are</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime during the next two days)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">is required between the alternatives</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. A:</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">B:</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng you duo yuǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How far is Shanghai from Nánjīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s over 250 kilometers.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12"> is used in expressing the</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng you duo yuǎn? </span><span class="font12">distance between two points.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Nanjing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yuǎn?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">be separated from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Nanjīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">distance?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?&quot;</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tianjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Beijing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">120 gōnglǐ.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(Tianjin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">be separated from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Beijing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">there is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">120 kilometers.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Beijing.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglǐ</span><span class="font12">: adding -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> to number phrases, before the counter,<a name="footnote13"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark124">13</a></sup> -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> refers to range of the round number.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">liǎngbǎiduō gōnglǐ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">yìqiānduōge xuésheng sānshiduōkuài qián</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Beginning with 20, -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12"> may be used in</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">With round numbers from 20 through 90, èrshiduōge rén èrshijīge rén sìshiduō gōnglǐ sìshijī gōnglǐ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">With the number 10, only -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jǐ</span><span class="font12"> is used shíjǐkuài qián</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Approximate numbers may be expressed by When added immediately after a number, an indefinite amount within the</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than 30 dollars (but fewer than ho)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">this way with any round number.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">-</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐ</span><span class="font12"> may be used instead of -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than ho kilometers (but fewer than 50)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">never -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It probably takes four and a half hours.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">b. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">It takes half an hour.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 3-b</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The auxiliary verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to want,&quot; &quot;to have to.&quot; (See the first sentence is sometimes used as &quot;to need to,&quot; in exchange 3.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shíhou?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(ride</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">have to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">time?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;How long does it take to go by train?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yào</span><span class="font12"> may also be used as a main verb meaning &quot;to take Ca certain amount of time!&quot;:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huǒchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">duōshǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shíhou?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(ride</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">takes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">how much</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">time?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;How long does it take by train?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàn</span><span class="font12">-, &quot;a half (of),&quot; is used like a number—before a counter or before a noun which does not require a counter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bànge xiǎoshí &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half an hour</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bànniǎn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half a year</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bànge píngguǒ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;half an apple</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sìge bàn</span><span class="font12">: When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bàn</span><span class="font12"> FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter, the word is translated as &quot;and a half.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">liǎngkuài bàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two and a half dollars</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">sāntiān bàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three and a half days</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">yíge bàn xiǎoshí &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;one and a half hours</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎoshí</span><span class="font12">: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (2b hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these time periods was divided into two </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoshí</span><span class="font12">, &quot;small hours,&quot; when telling time by the Western 2b-hour system gained popularity throughout the world.</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5- B: Nǐ jìhua zài Nánjīng zhù jītiān?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yīqián méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō liǎngtiān gòu hu gou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">How many days do you plan to stay in Nánjīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Two days are enough.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gòu le</span><span class="font12">: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Meitiān you jītàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">How many trains are there each day? Are there trains in the afternoon?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I hope to leave here in the afternoon.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jītàng</span><span class="font12">: The counter -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font12"> is used when the trip mentioned is not a particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Líkāi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to leave,&quot; may be followed by an object (the place). &nbsp;On the</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">other hand, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to leave,&quot; is never followed by an object.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr? &nbsp;&nbsp;When are you leaving here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī shénme shíhou zou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When are you leaving?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">7. B: Shisandiǎn ling wǔfēn you yibān tèkuài.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">There’s an express at 1305.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">8. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 7-8</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn</span><span class="font12">: For train and Bus schedules, a 2U-hour clock is commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to midnight, or 2^00.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">12-hour clock</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">2U-hour clock</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zǎoshàng shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">a.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">1000</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">xiàwǔ yìdiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shísāndiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">1300</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shìqīdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">1700</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">wǎnshàng shídiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">èrshièrdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2200</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ling</span><span class="font12"> is included to indicate the zero in &quot;1305.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tèkuài</span><span class="font12"> is an abbreviation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tèbiě kuàichē</span><span class="font12">, ’’special express train.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìbān</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yítàng</span><span class="font12">, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark68"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark125"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Wǒ dǎsuan dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) něitiān</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I’m planning to go to Nanjing to look around.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ xiǎng dào Xiān qù kànkan. jiyuè</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ jìhua dào Húběi qù kànkan. xīngqīji</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">h. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Shanghai qù kànkan. jīhào</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ jìhua dào Sùzhōu qù kànkan. jiyuè</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xiǎng dào Beijing qù kànkan. něitiān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Wuchang qù kànkan. xīngqījl</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Ni dǎsuan něitiān qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What day do you plan to go?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ xiǎng jiyuè qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ jìhua xīngqīji qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ dǎsuan jǐhào qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ jìhua jiyuè qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni xiǎng něitiān qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni dǎsuan xīngqījǐ qù?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ dǎsuan shénme shíhou dào Nǎnjīng qù? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) xiàge yuè</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(When are you planning to go to Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Ni jìhua jiyuè dào Shànghǎi qù? Liùyuè</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Ni xiǎng něitiān dào Guǎngzhōu qù? hòutiān</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ dǎsuan xiàge yuè dào Nǎnjīng qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I’m planning to go to see Nanjing next month.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ jìhua Liùyuè dào Shànghǎi qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng hòutiān dào Guǎngzhōu qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">U. Ni dǎsuan něinián dào Zhōngguo qù? míngnián</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nī jìhua Jīyuè dào Xianggang qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Èryuè</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Ni xiǎng xīngqījī dào Beijing qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xīngqīsān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nī dǎsuan jīdiǎn zhōng dào tǎ nàr qù? sǎndiǎn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wō dǎsuan míngnián dào Zhōngguo qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wō jìhua Èryuè dào Xiǎnggǎng qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wō xiǎng Xīngqīsān dào Běijīng qu kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wō dǎsuan sǎndiǎn zhōng dào tā nàr qu kànkan.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Xīngqīèr (What day do you plan</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to go?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nī jìhua něitiān qù? wùhào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nī xiǎng Jīyuè qù? Wùyuè</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nī xiǎng něinián qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1977</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nī dǎsuan shénme shíhou qù? xiàyuè sìhào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nī dǎsuan jīdiǎn zhōng qù? shàngwù shídiǎn</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nī Jìhua jīhào qù? èrshiqī</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Xīngqīèr huōzhě Xīngqīsān, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Tuesday and CorJ Wednesday are both possible.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wùhào huōzhě liùhào, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wùyuè huōzhě Liùyuè, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yījiùqīqī huōzhě Yījiùqībā, dōu kéyi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xiàyuè sìhào huōzhě xiàyuè wùhào, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shàngwù shídiǎn huōzhě shàngwù shíyīdiǎn, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Èrshiqíhào huōzhě Èrshibáhào, dōu kéyi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi lí Nanjing yuan ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(is Shànghǎi far from NǎnjIng?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Shànghǎi lí Nanjing yuǎn ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue)</span><span class="font12"> duōshao</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(is Shànghǎi far from NǎnjIng?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Beijing lí TiānjIn yuǎn ma? duō</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Beijing lí Shànghǎi yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nǎnjīng lí Beijing yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Guangzhou lí Wǔhàn yuǎn ma? duō</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yuǎn ma? duōshao</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duōshao gōnglī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How many kilometers is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Beijing lí Tianjin you duō yuǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Beijing lí Shànghǎi yōu duōshao gōnglī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǎnjīng lí Beijing yōu duōshao gōnglī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Guǎngzhōu lí Wǔhàn yōu duō yuǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yōu duōshao gōnglī?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu duō yuǎn?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) dàgài 270</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Tianjin lí Beijing yōu duō yuǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 80duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How far is Tianjin from Beijing?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Bǎijīng lí Hǎngzhōu yōu duō yuǎn? 900duō</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dàgài yōu èrbǎiqīshí gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it’s probably 270 kilometers.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài lí Beijing yōu bāshíduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it’s probably more than 80 kilometers.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài lí Hǎngzhōu yōu Jiǔbǎiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Běijīng lí Shanghai you duo yuan? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dàgài 800</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nanjing lí Shànghǎi you duó yuǎn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dàgài 200</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wuhàn lí Běijīng you duó yuǎn? TOOduō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi you duó yuǎn? ITOduǒ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài you bǎbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài you èrbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài lí Běijīng you qībǎiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Dàgài lí Shànghǎi you yībǎiqīshíduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglī.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) měi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu sǎnbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) dàgài</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi you yìqiǎn gōnglī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;měi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wuhàn lí Běijīng you bǎbǎi gōnglī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dàgài</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi yōu èrbǎi gōnglī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi yōu yìbǎi gōnglī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duō</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng měiyou sānbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi isn't Lis less thanJ 300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng,)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng dàgài yōu sǎnbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi is probably 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu sǎnbǎiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Shànghǎi is more than 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Běijīng lí Shànghǎi měiyou yìqiǎn gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wuhàn lí Běijīng dàgài yōu bǎbǎi gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi yōu èrbǎiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi yōu yìbǎiduō gōnglī.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge zhōngtǒu?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) duo jiǔ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How many hours does it take by train?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duǒ jiu? duōshao shíhou</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? jǐtiān</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān? jǐge xǐngqī</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xǐngqī? jǐge xiaoshí</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiaoshí? duōshao tian</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zuò huochē yào zou duōshao tian?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duǒ jiǔ?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How long does it take by train?)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xǐngqī?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiaoshí?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao tiān?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">H. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Yào zǒu bànge zhōngtǒu (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(It takes half an hour</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">OR</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào zǒu bàntiān. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it takes half a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">day</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bànge yuè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bànge xǐngqī.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bànnián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bànge zhōngtǒu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">u</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">bànge yuè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">1</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Yào zǒu yíge bàn zhōngtǒu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(It takes an hour and a half.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yào zǒu sāntiān bàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(It takes three and a half days.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">liǎngge bàn yuè.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yíge bàn xīngqī.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yìnián bàn.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">sìge bàn zhōngtǒu.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">yíge bàn yuè.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yǐhòu</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nanjīng qù. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yǐqián</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjīng.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zhèi shi ta dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yǐhòu</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zhèi shi tá dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yǐqián</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">H. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐhǒu</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐqián</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Māiguo qù. yǐqián</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐhòu hái yào qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Later on I want to go again.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián mái qùguo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. Yǐhòu hái yào xué.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. Yǐqián méi chīguo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐhòu hái yào lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐqián méi láiguo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Meiguo qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">J. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ shuō lái liāngtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Would you say it would be enough to come for two days?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nǐ shuō qù liāngtiān gòu bu gou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nǐ shuō xué liāngniánde Zhōngwén gòu bu gou?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Nǐ shuō zhù sānge yuè gòu bu gou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Lai liāngtiān gou le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(it would be enough to come for two days.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qù liāngtiān gòu le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xué liāngniánde Zhōngwén gòu le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhù sānge yuè gòu le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nǐ shuō niàn jiūge xīngqī gòu Niàn jiuge xīngqī gòu le. bu gou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nǐ shuō dào nèr qù wǎnr shítiān Wǎnr shítiān gòu le. gòu bu gou?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Ni shuō zou yíge zhōngtou gòu Zou yíge zhōngtou gòu le. bu gou?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">K. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Xiàwǔ you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I hope to leave here in the afternoon.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ xiwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wǎnshang you Jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xīwang Jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ you meiyou chē?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I hope to leave here in the afternoon. How many trains are there in the afternoon?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wǎnshang yǒu jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān yǒu Jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ yǒu meiyou chē?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h5><a name="bookmark126"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark127"></a>UNIT 6</span></h5>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark69"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark128"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(in Beijing)</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Jidian zhōng kāi?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shíbādiān wùshiwùfēn fā chē.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Na hǎo.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. B: Qing ni bā nìde hùzhào hě luxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo, gěi ni.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjl zhàntǎi?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zài dìyī zhàntǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. B: Bu yòng JÍ. Hai zǎo ne.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nī xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Wo zhèijiàn xíngli zǎnme bàn? Shi bu shi kěyi nǎshang chē qu?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Kěyi bǎ xíngli nǎshang chē qu.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">A: Hǎojíle.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. C: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">C: Nín zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">What time does it leave?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It departs at 1855.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">That's fine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, here it is.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It's on Platform Number 1.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">No need to be anxious. It's still early.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">First, rest a bit in this waiting room.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You may take the suitcase onto the train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes. There's Chinese food and there's also Western food.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Great.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The next station is Shànghǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We are about to arrive at the station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please get ready to get off the train.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">train platform (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàntái</span><span class="font12">. more common in Taiwan)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">8. ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to move</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">9. náshangqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to take up</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">náshanglai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to bring up</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">náxiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to take down</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">nèxialai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to bring down</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">10. pao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to run</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">11. wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to be late</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">12. yuètÈi</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark35"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark129"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">ban bàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to move (e.g., furniture) (new house) to handle, to manage, to do</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">cānchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dining car</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fa chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to depart (from the first terminal of a train route)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">hǎojíle he hùzhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be wonderful, to be great and</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">passport</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Jí</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">jiēdàishì (jiēdàishì)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">-jíle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be anxious waiting room extremely, awfully</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">kāi kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to leave soon</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">luxíngzhèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">travel permit</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ná náshanglai náshangqu náxialai nāxiaqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to pick up, to hold, to take to bring up</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to take up</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to bring down</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to take down</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to run</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be late</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Xlcān xiūxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Western food to rest, to relax</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yào yuètái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">will, going to train platform</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zǎo zhàntài Zhōngcān zhǔnbèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to be early train platform Chinese food to prepare, to get ready</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C~2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bang</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bú yào</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láilai wǎngwǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qídiǎnzhàn</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">shūfu</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to help</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">don’t</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">coming and going</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">station where a train originates</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(literally, ’’starting station”)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be comfortable</span></p>
<div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-5.png" alt="" style="width:455pt;height:307pt;">
<p><span class="font12">Train from Guangzhou at the entrance to China</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<h6><a name="bookmark36"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark130"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What time does it leave?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē. It departs at 1855.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Nà hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s fine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ chē</span><span class="font12">: When referring to trains, the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to start,&quot; means &quot;to start off&quot; or &quot;to leave.&quot; The technical term </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fā chē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to send out the train,&quot; is used in reference to a train which is departing from the terminal at the beginning of a trip, or line.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">2. B: Qīng ni bǎ nīde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo, gěi ni.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please give me your passport and travel permit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay, here it is.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">He</span><span class="font12">, &quot;and,&quot; is a common alternate to </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">. Both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> are used as &quot;and&quot; between nouns.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ nīde hùzhào...</span><span class="font12">: The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> points out the direct objects (passport and travel permit) and brings those objects to the beginning of the sentence, preceding the main verb. Without this construction, a &quot;traffic Jam&quot; of sentence elements would follow that verb.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjī zhàntāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Zài dìyī zhàntǎi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It’s on Platform Number 1.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">1. B: Bú yòng jí. Hai zǎo ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Nǐ xiān zài zhèige Jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">No need to he anxious. It’s still early.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">First, rest a bit in this waiting room.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In exchange 4, the aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài zhèr ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When the adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hai</span><span class="font12">, ’’still,&quot; &quot;yet,&quot; is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Míngtiān wǒ hai bù zǒu ne. I am not leaving tomorrow (yet), (i.e., I will still be here tomorrow.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Verb reduplication</span><span class="font12">: In Unit 3 of the Money Module, you learned that reduplication is one way to indicate ASPECT, although markers are more common. INDEFINITENESS is the aspect expressed when an action verb is reduplicated. The speaker does not commit himself to the duration or extent of the action.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In the last sentence of No. h, the speaker asks the listener to &quot;rest a bit.&quot; Instead of using additional words to indicate a short duration, the speaker reduplicates the verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūxi</span><span class="font12">, expressing some duration, but of no particular limit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">To reduplicate a two-syllable verb, simply repeat the whole verb. The repetition is unstressed, or even toneless: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūxixiuxi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiān</span><span class="font12">: Since this use of &quot;first&quot; is not followed by an explicit &quot;afterwards,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān</span><span class="font12"> might also be translated as &quot;for the time being&quot; or &quot;right now.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo xiān zou le, nǐmen mànmānr Right now I’m going to excuse chī ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;myself; you take your time</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">eating.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ xiān bié Jí, mànmānr zhǎo. For the time being, don’t be anxious; take your time looking for it.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">5. A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? What do I do about this suitcase Shi bu shi kěyi nashang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of mine? May I take it onto</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">chē qu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the train?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Keyi bǎ xíngli nashang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You may take the suitcase onto</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">chē qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the train.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. $</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme ban</span><span class="font12"> means something like &quot;how should Csomething! be managed&quot; or &quot;what should be done Cabout something!.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nashang chē qu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;take onto the train,&quot; is a COMPOUND VERB OF DIRECTION which has been separated by a noun object. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Na</span><span class="font12"> is the verb &quot;to pick up,&quot; &quot;to hold,&quot; &quot;to take,&quot; &quot;to bring.&quot; The directional endings -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;up,&quot; &quot;onto,&quot;* and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;to go,&quot; tell you that the action takes place up and away from the speaker.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ná</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qu</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(hold</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">up/onto</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">away)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;to take up/onto&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Compound verbs of direction are easily formed, as shown in the chart below. The first column contains action verbs you have learned which may be used. The endings in the middle column are relatively few. For the second part of the directional ending, only </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font12"> and qù may be used.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">ACTION</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Plus</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">DIRECTION</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">ná (to carry)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-shàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(up)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">lái (towards)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu (to walk/go)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">-xià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(down)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">qù (away)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bān (to move)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">-chū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(out)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">pǎo (to run)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-jin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(in)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">kāi (to drive)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">-huí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(back)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(AND OTHERS)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Compound verbs of direction may be two or three syllables: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūqu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to go out&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǒuchuqu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to walk out&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">*You have seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàng</span><span class="font12"> used as several different parts of speech:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shàng lóu shàng chē shàngbianr shàngge yuè zài chēshang náshangqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">tO gO UP &nbsp;&nbsp;^<sub>FULL</sub></span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to get on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">upper, above (IN PLACE WORDS)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">last, previously (SPECIFIER)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">on (LOCATIONAL ENDING Ewith nouns!)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">up, onto (DIRECTIONAL ENDING Cwith verbs!</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">It is possible to split up a two-part directional ending by placing an object or location before the final </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lai</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font13" style="font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font13" style="font-variant:small-caps;">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">náshang chē qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;take onto the train/bus</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">náchu yìběn shū lai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bring out a book</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">xià lóu qu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go downstairs</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A direct object (such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèiběn shū</span><span class="font12">) may be placed EITHER at the beginning of a sentence, using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12">, OR later in the sentence, splitting up the directional ending. Locations which are the goal of the action (such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē </span><span class="font12">and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">16u</span><span class="font12"> above) MUST be placed between the two parts of the directional ending.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ xíngli nashang chē qu</span><span class="font12">: In the last sentence of exchange 5» the direct object, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font12">, is placed before the verb. The location of the action, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chē</span><span class="font12">, is placed before the final </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qu.</span><span class="font12"> When both a location and a direct object occur in a sentence with a multisyllabic directional verb, the location is placed between the two syllables of the directional ending, and the direct object is moved closer to the beginning of the sentence.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Hǎojíle.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">This train has a dining car, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Great.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jíle</span><span class="font12">, meaning &quot;extremely,” &quot;awfully,&quot; may be added to adjectival verbs.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèige píngguo dàjíle. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That apple is huge.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē fāngbianjíle. &nbsp;&nbsp;Riding the train is extremely</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">convenient.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zǒude kuàijíle. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He walks awfully fast.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">-</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jíle</span><span class="font12"> is seldom used in Taiwan.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. C: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">C: Nín zhunbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">The next station is Shànghǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We are about to arrive at the station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please get ready to get off the train.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài</span><span class="font12"> means ’’soon&quot; in the second sentence of exchange 7« You have already learned another meaning for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font12">: &quot;to be fast&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In the sentence </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài yào dào zhàn le</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font12"> is an auxiliary verb meaning &quot;will&quot; or &quot;to be going to.&quot; Other meanings you have learned for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font12"> are &quot;to want,&quot; &quot;to need,&quot; &quot;to have to,&quot; &quot;to require.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">New-situation le</span><span class="font12">: The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> for new situations occurs in the first two sentences of No. 7- In </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le</span><span class="font12">, the speaker uses </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> to communicate a change in the circumstances: after passing through many stations, Shànghǎi will finally be the next station.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When a speaker uses </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">, he is saying that something has changed in reference to him or in reference to the listener. In the first sentence in No. 7, Shànghǎi itself has not changed, but what constitutes the &quot;next station&quot; for the speaker and the listener has changed.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài yào dào zhàn le</span><span class="font12">, new-situation </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> marks a change which is about to take place—their arrival. Here are examples of references to future changes:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā míngniān Jiù shísuì le. He will be ten (years old) next year.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m leaving now. (i’ll be leaving</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">now.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Piào kuài yào màiwǎn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The tickets will soon be sold out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Many speakers of English have trouble with new-situation </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> because they would not think of using it when the Chinese do. Take note of situations which the Chinese consider to be changes, and try to use new-situation le in your speech.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark72"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark131"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Jīdiǎn zhong kāi?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) huǒchē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What time does it leave?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? gōnglùjúde chē</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Jídiǎn zhōng kāi? gōnggòng qìchē</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhídǎchē</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? tèkuài</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men? yínháng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi měn? yǒuzhèngjú</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">? Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē, laidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) no</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Can we make the four o’clock train?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">laidejí ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yes</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Can we make the four o’clock train?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Zuò Jiǔdiǎn èrshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Zuò shídiǎn wǔshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yes</span></p></li></ul></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nèibān huǒchē jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? (What time does that train leave?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān gōnglùjúde chē jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān gōnggòng qìchē jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān zhídáchē jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèibān tèkuài jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèige yínhang jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèige yǒuzhèngjú jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We can’t make it; we are already late.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Don’t worry. It’s still early.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zuè qīdiǎn wushifēnde chē, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láidejí ma? no</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Zuè sìdiǎn língwǔfēnde chē, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láidejí ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yes</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Zuò liǎngdiǎn língbāfēnde chē, Láibují, yījīng wǎn le. láidejí ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Duìbuqī, w3 děi zài zhèr xiūxixiuxi. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zhēige dìfang</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Excuse me, I must rest here a moment.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Duìbuqī, w3 dei zài zhèige dìfang xiūxixiuxi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Excuse me, I must rest at this place a moment.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zài dìjī zhàntái? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjī</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Shànghǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhàntái?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(On which platform is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(On which platform is the</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">it?)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">train to Shànghǎi?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">2. Zài</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìsān zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">NánjIng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào NánjIng qùde chē zài dìsān zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3. Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìjī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Guǎngzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Guǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìjī zhàntái?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U. Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tiǎnjīn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Tiǎnjīn qùde chē zài dìèr zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5. Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìjí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Qīngdǎo qùde chē zài dìjí zhàntái?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">6. Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">dìyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Hangzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Hǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìyī zhàntái.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">7. Zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">dìjí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Běijīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Dào Běijīng qùde chē zài dìjí</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">zhàntái?</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, dìfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi zài zhèige xiūxixiuxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiāli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, xiaxi.</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxi-</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wo děi zài jiāli xiūxi-fàndiànli</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fàndiànli</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">u.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxixiuxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chēli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chēli xiūxi-</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxi-jiēdàishì</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi xiūxixiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">jiēdàishì</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhèr xiūxi-</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Duìbuqǐ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">xiuxi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Repeat the speaker’s statements appropriate.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wo zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(This suitcase of mine is still here.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Tā yào dào nàr qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He wants to go there.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā yào dào Wāngfùjǐng Dàjiě qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">H. Wo nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">and add </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme bàn?</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme zou?</span><span class="font12"> as</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr. Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(This suitcase of mine is still here. What should I do about it?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yào dào nàr qù. Zěnme zou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He wants to go there. How do I get there Lgo3?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">WǑ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yào dào Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zěnme zǒu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang. Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù. Zěnme zǒu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zěnme bàn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen you Zhōngcān háishi Xīcān? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yě</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Do they have Chinese food, or Western food?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">OR Tāmen yào zhèige háishi nèige?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) dōu</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Do they want this or that?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nǐmen mǎi zhuōzi háishi yǐzi? yě</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nǐmen mǎi pánzi háishi wǎn? dōu</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tāmen mǎi zhèige hóngde háishi nèige lánde? dōu</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì háishi nèixiē hào? ye</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nǐ niàn jīngjixue háishi zhèngzhixué? yǎ</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen you Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(They have Chinese food and they also have Western food.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèige, nèige, tāmen dōu yào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(They want both this and that.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women mǎi zhuōzi, yě mǎi yīzi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Pánzi, wǎn, women dōu mǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Hóngde, lánde, tāmen dōu mǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì, yě kàn nèixiē bào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ niàn Jīngjixue, yě niàn zhèngzhixuē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Kuài yào dào zhàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(We are about to arrive at the station.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Běijīng le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nánjīng le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We are about to arrive at the station. Let’s get ready to get off.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Nánjīng le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Kuài yào dào Hangzhōu le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Kuài yào dào Hǎngzhōu le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">H. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā keyi nǎshànglǎi ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) chē</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Can he bring it?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Tā keyi nǎshàng chē lǎi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Can he bring it in the car?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā kéyi nǎxiàlǎi ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">lou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">keyi nǎxià lǒu lǎi ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā kéyi nǎshàngqù ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">keyi nǎshàng huǒchē qù ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā kéyi nǎshànglǎi ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">kǎyi nǎshàng lǒu lǎi ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā kéyi nǎxiàqù ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">keyi nǎxià chē qù ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā kéyi nǎxiàlǎi ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">keyi nǎxià huǒchē lǎi ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā keyi nǎshàngqù ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">lōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">keyi nǎshàng lǒu qù ma?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<h5><a name="bookmark132"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark133"></a>UNIT 7</span></h5>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark73"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark134"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">(in Beijing)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Lao Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bù zěnme máng.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ you shi ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shísìhào yào dào Guangzhou qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Něihān fēijī? Jǐdian zhōng qǐfēi?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qǐfēi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shi, zhí fēi Guangzhou.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiǎn?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Rúguo wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, laidejí ha?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Laidejí.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lai jiē wo.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān hādiǎn zhōng pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Song, how are things going?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Are you busy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not especially busy.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Can I do something for you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I’m going to Guangzhou on April 1H. Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Sure.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes off at 9:15.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes forty minutes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. -hao le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. luguǎn</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">11. xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hotel</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">if (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguS</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark39"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark135"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bù zěnme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">not especially, not particularly</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ding dìnghǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to reserve</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have (been) reserved</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fēi fēijī fēijīchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to fly airplane airport</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Guǎngzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(name of a city in the PRC—Canton)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">-hao le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be satisfactorily completed</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to meet/pick up/get (someone)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lǎo luguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be old in years hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be busy</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to send/assign (a person to do something)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qīfēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to take off (airplane)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">rúguǒ (ruguo)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">if</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Sānlǐtún</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(a district in Běijīng where many Foreign diplomats and Chinése people from other countries live)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shuōhao le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yàoshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">if</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zhí</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">zuòhǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">directly</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have finished doing (something);</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(something) has been finished</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced, on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">) chū chāi chùzhǎng gǎnbushàng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hái hǎo</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">kāi huì</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">to go on a business trip division chief</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">won’t be able to catch (a plane, train, etc.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">fairly good/well</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to attend a meeting/conference</span></p>
<div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-6.png" alt="" style="width:455pt;height:265pt;">
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi-made jeep and other vehicles in a parking lot outside the train station in Guangzhou</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark40"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark136"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. A: Lǎo Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Bù zěnme máng. Nǐ you shi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Song, how are things going? Are you busy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Not especially busy. Can I do something for you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The greeting </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font12"> is more informal than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ hǎo a</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnmeyàng</span><span class="font12"> is used only if the two people already know each other.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ma?</span><span class="font12"> are translated into English as ’’Are you busy?” However, the two Chinese questions are not interchangeable. When a speaker asks the question </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ma?</span><span class="font12"> he really wants to find out whether someone is busy. On the other hand, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font12"> is an example of the Chinese custom of greeting a person by stating the obvious. The speaker is simply acknowledging the fact that the listener is busy. The question mark following </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font12"> shows that the speaker is inviting the listener to comment. You might think of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Máng ne?</span><span class="font12"> as something like the English &quot;Well, it looks like you are working hard,” which invites a response like &quot;Sure am” or &quot;Oh, I’m really not doing much of anything.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne</span><span class="font12"> may be used in many sentences to comment on what the person being addressed is doing at the moment:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Chi fàn ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Having dinner, I see?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zài zhèr ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Well, you’re here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Mǎi dōngxi ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Doing some shopping, eh?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">These sentences are almost greetings in themselves.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The overall intonation of the question </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ma?</span><span class="font12"> is higher than that of a statement. The intonation of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mang ne?</span><span class="font12"> is somewhat lower. Listen carefully to the tape.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù zěnme</span><span class="font12"> may precede a state verb, &quot;not especially,&quot; &quot;not particularly.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù zěnme xǐhuan nèiběn shū.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù zěnme qīngchu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ jīntiān bù zěnme hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā bù zěnme you qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù zěnme xiǎng qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Contrast </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù zěnme</span><span class="font12"> with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú zenme,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;not</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">The expression would then mean</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I don’t particularly like that book. I’m not particularly clear on this.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(This isn’t very clear to me.) I’m not particularly well today. He's not especially rich.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I don't especially want to go. as much as that&quot;:</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bú zenme xǐhuan kàn diàn- I don't like to go to the movies </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">that </span><span class="font12">yīngr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;much, (i.e., as much as someone</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">else Just mentioned)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù zěnme xihuan kàn diàn-yīngr.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12">I don’t particularly like to go to the movies.</span></p>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shisìhào yào dào Guangzhou qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">I’m going to Guangzhou on April 1U. Please reserve a plane ticket for me.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">Sure.</span></p>
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<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Neibān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qīfēi.</span></p></li></ul>
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<p><span class="font12">The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Which flight? What time does it take off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes off at 9:15.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dìnghǎo</span><span class="font12"> is a compound verb of result. When used as the final element in a compound verb of result, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12"> indicates that the action described by the initial verb has been brought to a successful conclusion.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The same form of the verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dìnghǎo</span><span class="font12">, is used to describe an object having something done to it and a person doing something to an object.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Piào dìnghǎo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The ticket has been reserved.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bǎ piào dìnghǎo le. I have reserved the ticket.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Here are additional examples of compounds with the result-ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12">:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒmen yījīng shuōhǎo le. We have already come to an agreement about it. (We have already talked it out to a conclusion.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī xiǎnghǎo le meiyou? Have you reached a conclusion yet? (Have you thought it out to a conclusion yet?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yījīng bǎ Jīntiān I have already finished making the wǎnshàng yào chīde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;things we are going to eat tonight,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">dōngxi zuòhǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nīde xíngli zhunbèihǎo Is your luggage ready? le ma?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12">U. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Shi, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12">Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèibān fēijī,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;this flight&quot;: In Chinese, the specifier </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèi-</span><span class="font12"> is used to refer to what has just been talked about. In English, &quot;that&quot; and &quot;the&quot; are used for the same purpose.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhí</span><span class="font12"> is not used in as many situations as is its English translation, &quot;directly,&quot; &quot;straight.&quot; In other contexts, the word for &quot;directly&quot; or &quot;direct&quot; would be </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhíjiē</span><span class="font12">, and the word for &quot;straight&quot; would be </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìzhí</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. A: Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">It takes forty minutes.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: Rúguo wō bādiǎn zhōng líkāi Jiā, láidejí ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Láidejí.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rúguo</span><span class="font12"> is one of the commonest words in Chinese for &quot;if.&quot; Another widely used word for &quot;if&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoshi</span><span class="font12">. (See Additional Required Vocabulary, No. 12.) You have already learned that the idea of &quot;if&quot; may be conveyed in Chinese without any special word:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zuò Gōnglùjú děi xiān mǎi If I take the bus, is it necessary piào ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to buy tickets ahead of time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If I leave home at eight o’clock,</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">láidejí ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I can make it in time. Right?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lái jiē wo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān bādiǎn zhōng pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to send/assign someone tto do something].&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ge</span><span class="font12">: You have already learned that, when toneless, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;a,&quot; not &quot;one.&quot; In the first sentence of exchange 7, you see that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font12"> can be reduced to the one syllable </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ge</span><span class="font12">. This reduction happens most frequently when &quot;a&quot; follows the sentence verb.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">zhǎo ge rén chī ge píngguS</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">to look for someone (i.e. , a person)</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">to eat an apple</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiē</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to meet,&quot; as in &quot;meeting someone at the station,&quot; or &quot;to get,&quot; &quot;to pick up,&quot; as in &quot;I’ll come by to get you (pick you up) about eight o’clock.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pài ge chē lái jiē wo</span><span class="font12">, literally &quot;send a car to come pick me up&quot;: In English, &quot;come&quot; may be omitted. In Chinese, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font12"> must separate the action (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài ge chē</span><span class="font12">) from the purpose of the action (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiē wo</span><span class="font12">). Either </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font12"> may be used to mark purpose expressions, depending on the direction of the action.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">song</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to take/escort someone&quot; in the last sentence of exchange 7- </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Song</span><span class="font12"> may also mean &quot;to send&quot; in the sense of &quot;delivering an object,&quot; in contrast with the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font12">, which means &quot;to send a person.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">pài</span><span class="font12"> ge rén dào wo jiā Please </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">send a man</span><span class="font12"> over to my house, lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qǐng bǎ zhuōzi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">song</span><span class="font12"> dao wǒ Please </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">deliver the table</span><span class="font12"> to my house, jiā qù.</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. -hǎo le</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. luguǎn</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. shuōhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">11. xiǎnghǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">12. yàoshi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. zuòhǎo le</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">to he satisfactorily completed</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hotel</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">if (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguo</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Luguǎn</span><span class="font12"> is the general term for any kind of hotel. When following </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">a </span><span class="font12">verb or the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">luguǎn</span><span class="font12"> may be followed by the locational ending -li, &quot;in,&quot; or there may be no locative ending. This is also the case with other place words naming institutions, business establishments, and organizations.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zài zhèige luguǎnli (OR He stayed in this hotel for two zài zhèige luguǎn) zhùle months.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">liǎngge yuè.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark137"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark138"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">Animals</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">tear</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xióng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">camel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">luòtuo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">cat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">māo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chicken</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">cow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">niú</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">deer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">lù</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">dog</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">gǒ<sup>u</sup></span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">donkey-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">lù</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">duck</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">yā</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">elephant</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">xiang</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">fish</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">yfi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">fox</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">húli</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">goat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">shānyáng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">horse</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ma</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">lion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shīzi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">monkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">hóuzi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">mouse/rat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">lǎoshù</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">panda</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">xiongmāo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Pig</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhū</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">sheep</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">yang</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">tiger</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">lǎohù</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">turkey</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huojǐ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">wolf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">lang</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark42"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark139"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
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<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qing ni gěi wo mǎi yìzhāng chuan piào.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Please buy one boat ticket for me.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qing ni gěi Ma Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng huochē piào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qing ni gěi Mao Tàitai mǎi yìzhang gōnglùjúde chēpiào.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Qing ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě mǎi sǎnzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qing ni gěi Liú Ntlshì mǎi sǎnzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qing ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai mǎi liǎngzhāng chuán piào.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qing ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng chuán piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Please reserve one boat ticket for me.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gěi MS Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng huochē piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gěi Máo Tàitai ding yìzhāng gōnglùjúde chēpiào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě ding sǎnzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gei Liu Nushi ding sǎnzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng fēijī piào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni gěi Zhào Tàitai ding liǎngzhāng chuán piào.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue)</span><span class="font12"> huochē piào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(l want to go to Guǎngzhōu.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wo yào dào Běijīng qù. fēijī piào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ yào dào Nánjīng qù. tèkuàichēde piào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù. chuán piào</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">qìchē piào</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng huǒchē piào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I want to go to Guǎngzhōu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">May I reserve a train ticket?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng fēijī piào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo yào dào Nánjīng qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng tèkuàichēde piào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng chuán piào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng qìchē piào?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wo yào dào Hangzhōu qù. fēijī piào</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào dào Hangzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhang fēijī piào?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù. zhídáchēde piào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhang zhídáchēde piào?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zuōhǎo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Méi zuòhǎo ne.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) no &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I haven’t finished doing it.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Have you finished</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">doing it?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">2. Shuōhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">yes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Shuōhǎo le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3. Xiǎnghǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">soon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Kuài xiǎnghǎo le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U. DÌnghǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">not yet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Hai méi dìnghǎo ne.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5. Shuōhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">no</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Méi shuōhǎo ne.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">6. Zuòhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">soon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Kuài zuōhǎo le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">7. Xiǎnghǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">not yet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Hai méi xiǎnghǎo ne</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Něibán fēijī? (Which flight?)</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">OR Neibān huǒchē? (Which train?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Neibān qìchē?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Neibān fēijī?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Neibān fēijī? Jidiǎn zhōng qlfēi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Which flight? What time does it take off?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān huǒchē? Jidiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Which train? What time does it leave?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān qìchē? Jidiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān fēijī? Jidiǎn zhōng qlfēi?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">U. Neibān zhídǎchē?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. Neibān tèkuàichē?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">6. Neibān fēijī?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān zhídǎchē? Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān tèkuàichē? Jīdiǎn zhong kāi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Neibān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Nānjīng (Does this flight go</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">directly to Guǎngzhōu?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nānjīng ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Does this flight go directly to Nānjīng?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">2. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Nānj īng</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">3. Zhèibān ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhèibān ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Běijīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">5. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Wuhàn ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu ma?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">6. Zhèibān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">fēijī zhí fēi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Sūzhōu ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">Qīngdǎo</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">7. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">F.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Cóng Sānlitún dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiǎn? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) duōshaofēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(How much time does it take to go from Sānlitún to the train station?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Cóng Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjlng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao shíhou</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Cong Changān Jiē dào Rìtánlù yào duōshao shíjiǎn?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Jìfēn zhōng</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">4. Cong Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiǎn? jitiān</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Cong Nǎnjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao xiǎoshí</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Cong Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao xiǎoshí</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Cong GuǎnghuǎltL dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshaofēn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Cóng Sānlitún dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(How many minutes from Sānlitún to the train station?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cong Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjlng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíhou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cōng Chǎngǎn Jiē dào Rìtǎnlù yào jifēn zhōng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cong Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào jitiān?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cong Nǎnjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao xiǎoshí?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cóng Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao xiǎoshí?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Cōng Guǎnghuǎlǔ dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">G.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Rúguō wō bǎdiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, lǎidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(If I leave home at eight o’clock, can I make it?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Rúguō wō shídiǎn zhōng líkǎi xuǎxiào, lǎidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Rúguō wō bǎdiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, shěnme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(If I leave home at eight o’clock, what time will I arrive?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguō wō shídiǎn zhōng líkǎi xuexiào, shěnme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. RÚguS Lí Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shifēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, láidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Ruguo Zhang Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, láidejí ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Rúguo tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, láidejí ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Ruguo ni zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, láidejí ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Rúguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, láidejí ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguo Lǐ Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shífēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, shenme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguo Zhāng Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, shenme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguo tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, shenme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguo ni zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Rúguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, shénme shíhou dào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">H. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni lái jiē wo. (Please pick me up.)</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni pài ge chē lái jiē wo. (Please send a car to pick me up.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Qīng ni lái jiē ta.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Qīng ni qù jiē tamen.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Qīng ni qù Jiē ta.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Qīng ni song wo qù.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Qīng ni lái jiē ta.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Qīng ni song tamen qù.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē lái jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē qù jiē tamen.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē qù jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē song wo qù.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē lái jiē ta.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Qīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">pài ge chē sòng tamen qù.</span></p></td></tr>
</table></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wo song ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(I’ll take you to the airport.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. W3 song ni dào huochēzhàn qù.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. W3 sǒng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">U. Wo sǒng ni dào tā jiā qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. W3 sǒng ni dào yínhang qù.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wo song ni dào dàshiguǎn qù.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Wo sǒng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I’ll send a car to take you to the airport.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào huochēzhàn qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào tā Jiā qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē song ni dào yínhang qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào dàshiguǎn qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.</span></p>
<div>
<h5><a name="bookmark140"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark141"></a>UNIT 8</span></h5>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<h6><a name="bookmark51"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark142"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">(in Běijīng)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1. B: Hǎo Jiǔ měi Jiàn, nín chū men le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Shi a, wo yōu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. B: Nín wèishěnme gang huílai, yōu qù le ne?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Wō zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hěn hǎode pěngyou cǒng Xiǎnggǎng lǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. A: Women you y ini an měi Jiàn le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Tā qǐng wo pěi ta yìqī qù lùxíng.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. A: Sānge yuè yīqiǎn wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tǎ hǎi bù zhídào něng bu něng lǎi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. B: Nīmen dōu qùguo shěnme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">A: Nǎnjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">Hǎngzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: You Jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Zhèixiē dìfang nī dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B: Měi dōu qùguo. Wo hǎi měi qùguo Sūzhōu.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t seen you for a long time, You have been away, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Why did you go again when you had Just come back from there?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We had not seen each other for a year.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">What places did you go to?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We went to Nǎnjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hǎngzhōu is really beautiful.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">If I have the chance, I would like to go again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">8. huí guó</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">9. huí jiā</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">10. huíqu</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED (not presented on C-</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">11. rènao</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">12. you yìsi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">13. méi(yǒu) yìsi</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">1U. suǒyǐ (suóyi)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">•1 and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">to return to one’s native country</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to come/go home</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to be uninteresting therefore, so</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark44"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark143"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">chū men (chū ménr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to go out, to go away from home, to go out of town</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">only a short while ago, just</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Hangzhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">(a city in Zhejiang Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Hangchow)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">hāo jiu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">a long time</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to return to, to go back to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huí guō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to return to one’s native country</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huí jiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to return home</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to come back</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to go back</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to meet, to see</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Jīhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">opportunity, chance</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">méi(you) yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be uninteresting</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">něng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">can; to be able to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">péi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to accompany</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">piàoliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to be beautiful</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to request, to invite</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">rènao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to be lively/bustling/noisy</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">suōyl (suoyi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">therefore, so</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Sūzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(a city in Jiāngsū Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Soochow)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">why</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">ylnwei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">because</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">yìql</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">together, along with</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">yōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">again (with completed actions)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">you yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to be interesting</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">again (with uncompleted actions)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huār kāile</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">the flowers have bloomed (literally, ’’opened”)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">jiānglái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">in the future</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">shōudao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">to receive</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">ySumíngde dìfang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">famous place</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">zuìJin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">recently</span></p></td></tr>
</table><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module05TRN-StudentText-7.png" alt="" style="width:311pt;height:216pt;">
<p><span class="font12">Běijīng Workers' Stadium</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark45"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark144"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">1. B: Hǎo jiǔ méi Jiàn, nín chū men le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Shi a, wo yòu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t seen you for a long time You have been away, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo jiǔ,</span><span class="font12"> ’’very long”: In this phrase, the word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12"> means ’’very.” Some additional examples of this use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12"> are</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hǎo dà &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;very large</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hǎo duō rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a good many people</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">hǎo Jitiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;quite a few days</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Persons from Taiwan frequently use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo,</span><span class="font12"> ’’very,” before another </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo,</span><span class="font12"> as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo hǎowǎn!</span><span class="font12"> &quot;What fun!” and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo hǎochī!</span><span class="font12"> &quot;Delicious!” Speakers from Bǎijīng think that this repetition of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12"> sounds bad.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàn</span><span class="font12"> means ”to see someone” in the sense of ”to visit/talk with someone.&quot; The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font12"> is used for &quot;to see” in the sense of &quot;to perceive an object.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chū mén</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to go out,&quot; &quot;to go away from home,&quot; &quot;to go out of town&quot;; literally, &quot;to go out the door.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yōu</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;again&quot; which is used with completed actions. (See notes on No. 6 for &quot;again&quot; with actions that have not been completed.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Òu, nī yòu lǎi le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Oh, you have come again!</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qìshuī yòu méiyou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We are out of soda again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zuétiān méi shàng kè. Yesterday he didn’t attend class.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Jīntiān yòu méi shàng kè. Today, again, he didn’t attend class.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">2. B: NÍn wèishénme gang huílai, you qù le ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: W3 zhèicì dào GUǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hen hāode péngyou cóng Xianggang lai.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wèishénme</span><span class="font12">, ’’why,&quot; follows the subject in the first sentence of exchange 2. This question word usually occurs in that position. (In English, ’’why” always precedes the subject.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Ni</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you qù le ne?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Why</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">did you go again?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">Sometimes </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span><span class="font12"> precedes the subject of a sentence:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">méi qù?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">wèishénme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">méi qù?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">’’Why didn’t he go?”</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;only a short while ago,&quot; &quot;Just&quot;: The first sentence in the exchange could also be translated as &quot;Why, having just come back from there, did you go again?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gang</span><span class="font12"> is used in sentences describing something that has just been done, in other words, completed action. But notice that the marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> for completion is not used here. The marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> is added when the focus is on whether or not the action has been performed, not on when or how it was performed. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font12"> is often used in sentences emphasizing the recentness of an action, not the fact that it was done; therefore </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> is not used.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni shi shénme shíhou láide? When did you come here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Gang lái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I Just got here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Ni mèimei zài bu zài? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your little sister here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā gang z3u. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She just left.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huí</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to return,&quot; &quot;to go back&quot;: Like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chù</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to go out,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jin,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;to enter',<sup>1</sup>*' </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huí</span><span class="font12"> must be followed by either a place word or a directional ending.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huí Bèijing huíguo huíj iā huílai huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to return to Bèijīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to return to one’s native country to return home</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to come back</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">to go back</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">The meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huílai</span><span class="font12"> is not as broad, as that of the English translation &quot;to come back,” which has two meanings: 1) to come from someplace else to the original place (”He leaves for work at eight and doesn’t come back till six.”) and 2) to come another time (&quot;Mr. Wang isn’t in today; come back tomorrow.&quot;) </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huílai</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to return to a particular place.&quot; To say &quot;to come another time&quot; in Chinese, you would use an adverb meaning &quot;again&quot; and the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái.</span><span class="font12"> For example,</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Wang Xiānsheng Jīntiān bú zài, qing ni míngtiān zài lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nèige ren zuótiān you lái zhāo ni, nǐ bú zài.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">Mr. Wáng isn't in today; please come back tomorrow.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">That guy came back looking for you yesterday, but you were out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne</span><span class="font12">: Because of the question word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishenme,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;why,&quot; the first sentence in exchange 2 is clearly a question. The marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> is not needed to indicate a question, but does give an added ring of inquisitiveness to the sentence. Questions ending in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> often seem to be asking for definite answers.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐnwei</span><span class="font12">, &quot;because&quot;: Here are some</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ wèishénme méi lái?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yǐnwei wo hěn máng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ wèishenme láiwān le?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yǐnwei wo zǒucuò le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nǐ wèishenme you qù le?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yǐnwei wǒde péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">simpler sentences containing </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐnwei</span><span class="font12">:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Why didn't you come?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Because I was very busy.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Why did you come late?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Because I made a wrong turn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Why did you go again?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Because my friend was coming from Hong Kong.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">The word order in the second sentence of exchange 2 may be described in terms of a pattern:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">SENTENCE</span><span class="font12"> shi yǐnwei SENTENCE</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhèicì dào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wǒ yǒu yige hěn</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Guangzhōu qù &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hǎode péngyou</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">cóng Xiānggǎng lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The phrase </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn hǎode péngyou</span><span class="font12"> contains the marker of modification -de. The modifying phrase ADVERB + ADJECTIVAL VERB (e.g., </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì xiǎo</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài gāo</span><span class="font12">) is followed by -de. Therefore </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo péngyou</span><span class="font12"> does not need -de, but </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn hǎode péngyou</span><span class="font12"> does.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font12"> is translated in the past tense in the second sentence of this exchange: &quot;I HAD a . . . friend coming.&quot; Notice that there is no completed-action marker in the sentence. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu</span><span class="font12"> cannot be used with a completed-action marker because it is a STATE verb, not an action verb. (See notes on Nos. 7-8 in BIO, Unit 8, and on No. h in this unit.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">3.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">A: Women you yìnián méi jiàn le. We had not seen each other for a year.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqī qù She asked me to accompany her (in her) luxíng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;travels.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You yìnián méi</span><span class="font12">: To state the period of time within which something has not happened, place the amount of time in front of the negative and the verb. The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12"> may be placed in front of the amount of time.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Women</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">(you)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">sānnián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">méi Jiàn le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">(as for us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">there have been</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">3 years</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">haven’t met)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;We haven’t seen each other for three years.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In this example, new-situation le might be translated as &quot;as of now.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When you are talking about a period of time within which something will not happen, the same pattern is used, but </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12"> may NOT be added:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">liāngtiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">bù chīfàn.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">&quot;I’m not going to eat for two days.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font12">, which you have already learned as &quot;please,&quot; means &quot;to request Ethat a person do something!&quot; or &quot;to invite.&quot; Normally, when you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐng</span><span class="font12"> someone to take a trip or to go out, you are saying that you will pay all expenses.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">4. A: Sānge yuè yǐqián wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 4</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǐqián</span><span class="font12">, &quot;ago&quot;: You have already seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǐqián</span><span class="font12"> used after a phrase to mean &quot;before.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ shàng bān yǐqián, wo mǎi Before I start work, I will buy diǎnr chide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;something to eat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In No. U, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yiqián</span><span class="font12"> is used after an amount of time to mean ’'ago.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Liǎngnián yiqián, wǒ meiyou Two years ago, I didn’t have a car. qìchē.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Neng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;can,&quot; &quot;to be able to,&quot; &quot;to be capable of&quot;: The most general word in Chinese for &quot;to be able to&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">neng</span><span class="font12">. The meanings of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">neng</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">keyi </span><span class="font12">&quot;to be permitted by someone&quot; or &quot;permissible according to some rules or conventions,&quot; overlap.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào</span><span class="font12">: The negative is bù, even though the sentence refers to the past. The negative </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mei</span><span class="font12"> cannot be used here because it is the negative of completed action. The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao</span><span class="font12">, like the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12"> and adjectival verbs such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12">, is a state verb and cannot be thought of as completed.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Since the negative of a state verb is the same in the present and past tenses, the intended time must be discovered from the context. One reason for using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige shíhou</span><span class="font12"> in No. H is to make the time reference very clear.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">STATE VERBS include all adjectival verbs, auxiliary verbs, and a few other verbs. Here are some examples:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">STATE VERBS</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Adjectival Verbs</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div style="border-bottom:solid;">
<p><span class="font12">YīJiǔsānyīnián dōngxi dōu </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú </span><span class="font12">guì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ zài Déguode shíhou </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú</span><span class="font12"> huì shuō Déguo huà.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yiqián </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> xǐhuan niàn shū.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Auxiliaries Others</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">dà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">huì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">shi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xiǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">kéyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">gui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">neng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">piányi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">děi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xing</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">kuài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">bú bì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">Jiào</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">màn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">zhīdao</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xiǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">xīhuan</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">shǎo gāoxìng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In 1931, everything </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">was</span><span class="font12"> inexpensive</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">When I was in Germany, I </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">couldn't </span><span class="font12">speak German.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Before, I </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">didn’t</span><span class="font12"> like to study.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù zhīdào neng bu neng lái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;didn't know if she would be able to come&quot;: The object of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao</span><span class="font12"> is a choice-type question, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng bu neng lái. </span><span class="font12">Here are more examples of this usage:</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù zhīdào hái yǒu meiyou. I don’t know if there are any left.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī wènwen tā mǎile meiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask him if he bought it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng zhīdao tāmen lái &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I would like to know if they are</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">bu lái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;coming or not.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">English-speaking students of Chinese are often tempted to translate &quot;if&quot; as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rúguō</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoshi</span><span class="font12">; to do so, however, is wrong. The following rule may help you remember to use a choice-type question: Whenever the &quot;if&quot; in an English sentence means &quot;whether,&quot; use a choice-type question in Chinese. For example, &quot;I would like to know if they are coming&quot; means &quot;I would like to know whether they are coming&quot;; therefore, in Chinese, you would use a choice-type question as the object of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhidao</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">5. B: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">A: Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hangzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le. Hangzhou zhēn shi piàoliang.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">What places did you go to?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">We went to Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Háng-zhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hángzhōu is really beautiful.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nīmen dōu qùguo shenme dìfang?</span><span class="font12"> is ambiguous. It could mean either &quot;What places did all of you go to?&quot; or &quot;What are all the places that you went to?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">You already know that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> may refer to an object when that object precedes the verb, in topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 5.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In this first sentence of the exchange, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> is referring to an object which occurs after the verb. When an object includes a question word, it is not placed before </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> in the sentence.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā dōu qùguo shenme dìfang? What are all the places that he went to?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā dōu niànguo shénme shū? What are all the books that she has read?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā dōu mǎiguo shénme dōngxi? What are all the things that he bought ?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hángzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang</span><span class="font12"> has been added for emphasis. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi </span><span class="font12">is not required before adjectival verbs.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">6. A: You JIhui wō yào zài qù yícì. If I have the chance, I would like</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">to go again.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> means ’’again” in talking about actions that have not been completed. (This adverb was translated previously in your text as ’’then” in commands.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Míngtiān zài lái ba! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come again tomorrow.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Qing ni zài shuō yícì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please say it again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yícì</span><span class="font12"> means ’’one occurrence of going,” or ’’one trip,” in this sentence. (The English translation does not include an equivalent of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yícì</span><span class="font12">.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">7. A: Zhèixiē dìfang ni dōu qùguo le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">B: Mei dōu qùguo. Wō hai méi qùguo Sūzhōu.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font12">You have gone to all those places, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mei dōu</span><span class="font12">, ’’not all&quot;: In the second sentence of exchange 7&gt; the negative </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> precedes the adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12">. Placing a negative before </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> instead of after it changes the meaning of the phrase. Compare the sentences below:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu bù</span><span class="font12"> lai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù dōu</span><span class="font12"> lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wō </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu méi</span><span class="font12"> qùguo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi dōu</span><span class="font12"> qùguo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12">They are </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">all not</span><span class="font12"> coming. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">All</span><span class="font12"> of them are </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">not</span><span class="font12"> coming.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not all</span><span class="font12"> of them are coming.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I have</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font12"> been to </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">any</span><span class="font12"> of them.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I haven’t been to </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">all</span><span class="font12"> of them.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huí guó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to return to one's native country</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huí jiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to come/go home</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to go back</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">rènao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to be lively/bustling/noisy</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">you yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">to be interesting</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">méi(you) yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">to be uninteresting</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">suǒyǐ (suóyi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12">therefore, so</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suǒyǐ</span><span class="font12"> (also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font12">) is the word &quot;therefore,” ”so.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen máng, suoyi méi qù. I was very busy, so I didn’t go.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">In Chinese sentences expressing cause and result, the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yinwei... suoyi...</span><span class="font12"> is preferred. English speakers often find difficulty in using this pattern because it sounds unnatural in English to say &quot;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Because</span><span class="font12"> I was very busy, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">so</span><span class="font12"> I didn’t go.&quot; In English, either &quot;because&quot; or &quot;so&quot; would be omitted; but, in Chinese, both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font12"> are often retained.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Yinwei wǒ hěn máng, suoyi méi qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yinwei tā shi hǎo xuésheng, suoyi lǎoshī dōu xǐhuan ta.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Yīnwei wǒ méiyou hùzhào, suóyi xiànzài wǒ hái bù néng líkǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yinwei wǒ yào dào Zhōngguo qù, suóyi wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Yinwei wǒ méiyou chē, suóyi wǒ bù néng zhùde lí xuéxiào tài yuǎn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Notice that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font12"> always precedes the</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">I was very busy, so I didn’t go. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">OR</span><span class="font12"> &quot;Because I was very busy, I didn’t go.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Because he is a good student, all the teachers like him.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I don't have a passport, so I can't leave yet. (OR &quot;Because I don't have a passport, I can’t leave yet.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I have to learn Chinese because I'm going to go to China.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">I don’t have a car, so I can't live too far away from school. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">OR </span><span class="font12">&quot;Because I don't have a car, I can't live too far away from school.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">subject of the sentence.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suóyi</span><span class="font12"> may also mean &quot;that's why...&quot;: &quot;That's why you came here by plane.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suóyi ni shi zud fēijī láide</span><span class="font12">. When used this way, the word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suóyi</span><span class="font12"> is stressed.</span></p>
<h6><a name="bookmark145"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark146"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
<p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā chū mén le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(He has gone out.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā dào Zhōngguo qù le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā niàn shū le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā shàngqu le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā dào péngyou Jiā qù le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā lái le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā huíqu le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Tā yōu chū mén le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Has he gone out again?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu dào Zhōngguo qù le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu niàn shū le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu shàngqu le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu dào péngyou Jiā qù le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu lái le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā yōu huíqu le ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ yào kàn yíge péngyou.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(I want to see a friend.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ yào mai yìběn Zhōngguo zìdiǎn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā yào kànkan mùqin.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā xiǎng xué ZhŌngwén.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wo zhèicì qù shi yào kàn yíge péngyou.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(The reason I’m going this time is Cthat3 I want to see a friend.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo zhèicì qù shi yào mǎi yìbān Zhōngguo zìdiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhèicì qù shi yào kànkan muqin.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng xué Zhōngwén.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: W3 yǒu yìnián měi qù le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) kànjian ta</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I haven’t gone for a year.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ you yìnián měi kànjian ta le. dào Shànghǎi qù</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ you yìnián měi dào Shànghǎi qù le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kàn Zhōngwěn bào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">h. Wǒ you yìnián měi kàn Zhōngwěn bào le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qù kàn ta</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ yǒu yìnián měi qù kàn ta le. zuò fēijī</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ you yìnián méi zuò fēijī le. dào zhèr lái</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ you yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wo yǒu yìnián méi kànjian ta le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(I haven’t seen him for a year.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào Shànghǎi qù le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ you yìnián měi kàn Zhongwěn bào le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo you yìnián měi qù kàn ta le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo you yìnián méi zuò fēijī le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ gēge qīng wo péi ta qù lùxíng.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(My older brother asked me to accompany him tin hisJ travels.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ jiějie qīng wo péi ta qù mǎi dōngxi.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ àiren qīng wo péi ta qù kàn péngyou.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Zhang Tongzhì qīng wo péi ta dào Beijīng qù.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Lī Tǒngzhì qīng wo péi ta dào bǒwùguǎn qù.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wo dei péi wo gēge qù luxíng. (I must accompany my older brother tin hisl travels.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ děi péi wǒ Jiějie qù mǎi dōngxi</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ děi péi wǒ àiren qù kàn péngyou</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ děi péi Zhang Tongzhì dào Běijīng qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo děi péi Lī Tǒngzhì dào běwùguǎn qù.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù mǎi shū.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Wǒ dei péi ta qù mǎi shū.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù huàn qian.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Wo děi péi ta qù huàn qian.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) shénme shíhou</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(At that time he did not yet know whether or not he would be able to come.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lāi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">xīngqījǐ</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lāi. kéyi bu keyi</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lāi. jǐyuè</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐyuè lāi. néng bu néng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lāi. Jǐhào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐhào lāi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(At that time he did not yet know what time to come.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐyuè lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐhào lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Shanghai, NánJīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(What places did you go to?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2, Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? nǐ shuōde</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nǐmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèngzhixué, JīngJixué</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H. Nǐmen dōu mǎi shénme le? zhuōzi, pánziwǎn</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nǐmen zuōtiān dōu mǎi shénme le? shū, zázhì</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nǐmen dōu yào shénme yánsède? lánde, hongde</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nǐmen Jīntiān dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? bowùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shànghǎi, Nánjīng women dōu qù le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(We went to both Shànghǎi and Nánjīng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nī shuōde nèixiē dìfang women dōu qù le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhèngzhixué, JīngJixué women dōu niàn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Zhuōzi, pánziwǎn women dōu mǎi le</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Shū, zázhì women dōu mǎi le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Lánde, héngde women dōu yào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Bowùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn women dōu qù le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1,</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Tāmen dōu lái le ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) not all</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Did they all come?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tāmen dōu qù le ma? none</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tāmen dōu zǒu le ma? not all</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Tāmen dōu mǎi le ma? none</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tāmen dōu mài Zhōngguo shū ma? not all</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen méi dōu lái.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Not all of them came.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen dōu méi qù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen méi dōu zǒu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen dōu méi mǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen bù dōu mài Zhōngguo shū.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Shànghǎi, Běijīng, Nánjīng tāmen dōu qùguo le ma? not all</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen méi dōu qùguo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Tāmen dōu méi láiguo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tāmen dōu láiguo ma? none</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ míngtiān yào zài qù yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(Tomorrow I want to go again.)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Tā hòutiān yào zài lái yícì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Tā míngnián yào zài niàn yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ xiàge yuè yào zài kàn yícì.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Tā xiàge xingqī yào zài zuò yicì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xiàwǔ yào zài xue yícì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Tā xiàge Xīngqīyī yào zài kāi yícì.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Wǒ zuotiān you qùle yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Yesterday I went again.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā qiántiān you láile yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā qùnián you niànle yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo shàngge yuè you kànle yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tà shàngge xīngqī yòu zuòle yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Wo shàngwǔ yòu xuele yícì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Tā shàngge Xīngqīyī yòu kSile yícì</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shenme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zhèige dìfang (What places did you go to?)</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">2. Nīmen dōu māi shénme le? shū</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">3. Nīmen dōu yào shénme? mǎi lánde</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font12">H. Nīmen dōu zhùguo shénme fàndiàn? nèige fàndiàn</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font12">5. Nīmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèngzhixué</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">6. Nīmen dōu kàn shénme diànyīng le? zhèige diànyīng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font12">7. Nīmen dōu xing shénme? Lī</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nīmen dōu qùguo zhèige dìfang ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Did all of you go to this place?)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu mǎi shū le ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu yào mǎi lánde ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu zhùguo nèige fàndiàn ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu niànguo zhèngzhixué ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu kàn zhèige diànyīng le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">Nīmen dōu xing Lī ma?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Tā you qù le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) huílai</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(He’s gone again.)</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Tā wèishénme gang huílai you qù le ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font12">(Why did he go again when he had just come back?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lāi le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huíqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng huíqu you lāi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">i'a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng huílai you zou</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huíqu le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">lāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng lāi you huíqu</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huílai le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng qù you huílai le</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huílai le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">zǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng zǒu you huílai</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">qù le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">huílai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font12">Tā wèishénme le ne?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font12">gāng huílai yòu qù</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font12">13U</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark83"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò</span><span class="font12"> appeared earlier in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò diàntī dào èrlou</span><span class="font12">, &quot;Take the elevator to the second floor.&quot;</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark84"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">Adjectival verbs are one type of STATE verb. See BIO, Unit 6.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup><a name="bookmark85"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">For a discussion of the use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shì bu shi</span><span class="font12"> before another verb to form a question, see MON, Unit 5, notes on No. 8.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup><a name="bookmark92"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"> This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup><a name="bookmark102"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"> This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote6">6</a></sup><a name="bookmark103"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"> This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote7">7</a></sup><a name="bookmark106"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">An object which follows the verb is nonspecific unless marked as specific with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèi</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèi</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote8">8</a></sup><a name="bookmark107"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">The literal meaning of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;to use.&quot;</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote9">9</a></sup><a name="bookmark112"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">The speakers on tape always say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjúde chē</span><span class="font12"> for what is written here as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò Gōnglùjú</span><span class="font12">. Both expressions are acceptable. (See notes on No. 2.)</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote10">10</a></sup><a name="bookmark115"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">In DIR, Unit U, you learned </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to see,&quot; literally &quot;look-perceive.&quot;</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote11">11</a></sup><a name="bookmark120"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"> This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote12">12</a></sup><a name="bookmark121"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12">This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote13">13</a></sup><a name="bookmark124"></a></p>
<p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gonglǐ</span><span class="font12"> is one of the nouns used without a counter.</span></p>
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