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<p><span class="font4">STANDARD CHINESE: A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">OPTIONAL MODULE: PERSONAL WELFARE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3, you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">March 1973</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Revised February 1931</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Copyright © 1980 by Lucille A. Barale, John H. T. Harvey and Thomas E. Madden</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PREFACE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font4"> originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">form</span><span class="font4"> and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder, III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197*+ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communicationbased classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected &quot;by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font4"> was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Carnes R. Frith, Chairman</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">TABLE OF CONTENTS</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark0"><span class="font4">Preface</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark1"><span class="font4">Optional Modules ......... ..... </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark2"><span class="font4">Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module </span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark3"><span class="font4">Unit 1: Weather and Terrain Part I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Winter and Summer</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark4"><span class="font4">Part II &nbsp;&nbsp;Spring and Fall</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark5"><span class="font4">Part III Terrain</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark6"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark7"><span class="font4">Unit 2: Clothing Part I Buying Clothes</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark8"><span class="font4">Part II Buying Clothes</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark9"><span class="font4">Part III Having Clothes Made .</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font4">Unit 3: Hair Care Part I At the Barber</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font4">Part II At the Hairdresser</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List......... .</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font4">Unit U: In the Home Part I Personal Belongings.............’.</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font4">Part II &nbsp;&nbsp;Parts of the Home</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font4">Part II &nbsp;&nbsp;Taking Care of Children</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font4">Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints Part I Colds and Fevers</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font4">Part II Stomach Ailments</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font4">Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure ....</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font4">Part I Losing a Driver’s License</span></a></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font4">Part II A Motorcycle Accident</span></a></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font4">Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area...... &nbsp;.</span></a></p></li></ul>
<p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font4">Unit Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Appendices</span><span class="font4">: 1. Parts of the Body</span></a></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font4">2. Medical Conditions and Illnesses </span></a></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font4">3. Furniture and Household Items</span></a></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font4">U. Parts of a House</span></a></p></li></ul>
<p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font4">Module Vocabulary List</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">OPTIONAL MODULES</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Why some modules are optional</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable. For instance, college students rarely take cars with them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the amount of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Format of optional modules</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Optional modules &quot;look&quot; different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and P-1 formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however, but in the reference notes in the text.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">When to use an optional module</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than a core module, you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You don't have to go all the way through an optional module at once. You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">How to work through an optional module tape</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-1 tapes of a core module unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice. With optional module tapes, however, you will probably want to work through more than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Optional Module: Personal Welfare</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care Of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3, you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">OBJECTIVES</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When you have finished this module, you will be able to:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1. Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font0">' i-’ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;:</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">2. Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3. Give the names of five or more items of clothing.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;Get your hair cut or styled.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. Give simple directions to a babysitter.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">8. Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. .Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāishuì,</span><span class="font4"> ’’boiled water.”</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">9. Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell ’’where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.)</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10. Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">11. Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">12. Use the words for ’’danger&quot; and &quot;caution&quot; in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit 1 Weather and Terrain</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1. Jīntiān </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiānqi</span><span class="font4"> hen hǎo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">2. Nī lǎojiāde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìhòu</span><span class="font4"> zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Dōngtiān</span><span class="font4"> hen </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lěng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">h. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chángcháng xià xuě</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">5.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Xiatian</span><span class="font4"> hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">rè</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Jlntiān </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān qíng</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. Wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juede</span><span class="font4"> Táizhōngde qìhòu hěn hǎo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">8. Shànghǎide dōngtiān hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo </span><span class="font4">xià xuě.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">9. Jīntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liángkuai</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10. cháng</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">The weather is very nice today.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How is the climate in your hometown?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s cold in the winter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It often snows.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In the summer it’s hot.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It cleared up today.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I feel that Taichung’s climate is very nice.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It seldom snows in the winter in Shanghai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The weather here is very cool today.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">often (alternate word for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chángcháng</span><span class="font4">.)</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jíntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo</span><span class="font4">; Notice that the time word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jīntiān</span><span class="font4"> &quot;today” is placed before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qùnián</span><span class="font4"> wo hái bú huì xiě zì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Last year</span><span class="font4"> I still couldn’t write</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">characters.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiànzài</span><span class="font4"> hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Now</span><span class="font4"> I can write a little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìhòu</span><span class="font4">: ’’climate” Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìhòu</span><span class="font4"> (with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hou</span><span class="font4"> in the neutral tone).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dōngtiān hěn lěng.</span><span class="font4">: &quot;it’s cold in winter&quot; The adverb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn</span><span class="font4"> is not translated here. Often </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn</span><span class="font4"> adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb, and doesn’t need to be translated by &quot;very.&quot; Later, you may notice that sometimes we translate the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn</span><span class="font4"> literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation. It is not a matter of right and Wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chángcháng</span><span class="font4">: ’’often, frequently, usually&quot; An alternate form of this word is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā chángcháng qù Xianggang. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She often goes to Hong Kong.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā cháng kàn bàozhī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He often reads the newspaper.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The phrase &quot;very often&quot; is NOT formed by using </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn</span><span class="font4"> with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháng</span><span class="font4">; instead, just use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháng</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chángcháng</span><span class="font4">. If you must stress that something happens </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">very </span><span class="font4">often, use a phrase like &quot;every* few days.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià xuě</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to snow&quot; or more literally &quot;(there) falls snow.&quot; The subject </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuě</span><span class="font4"> &quot;snow&quot; normally follows the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to descend.&quot; This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">ōu, xià xuě le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xià xuě ma? Bú xià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You meiyou xià xue?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Meiyou.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xià xuě le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Meiyou.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià xuě?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xiànzài bú xià xuě le. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān</span><span class="font4">; &quot;heaven, sky, day.&quot; Aiya, wode tiān na!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tiān zhldao!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, it’s snowing.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is it snowing? No.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is it going to snow today?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s not snowing anymore.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Oh my heavens!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Heaven only knows!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qíng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be clear, to clear up&quot; In the sentence </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tiān qíng le</span><span class="font4">, the marker le tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juede</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to feel&quot; Here </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juéde</span><span class="font4"> is used to mean &quot;to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something.&quot; It can also mean &quot;to feel&quot; in a physical way, as in &quot;to feel sick.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ juede . . ■ zěnmeyàng?</span><span class="font4"> can be well translated as &quot;How do you like . . . ?’’</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn shao</span><span class="font4">: &quot;it seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter.&quot; The adjectival verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font4"> ^tcT be few&quot; is used here as an adverb &quot;seldom,&quot; and as such comes before the verb. Notice that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn shǎo</span><span class="font4">, &quot;seldom,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chángcháng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;often,&quot; are used as opposites.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject &quot;it,&quot; as in &quot;it snows.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jīntiān zhèrde tiānqi hen liángkuai</span><span class="font4">: ’’Today the weather here is very cool.<sup>1</sup>’ Again, it is not necessary to translate </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font4"> as ’’very’’ in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker’s intonation and emphasis.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is talking with a</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān tiānqi hen hāo,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shì bu shi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Shì aJ Jīntiān tiān qíng le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī laojiāde qìhou zěnmeyang?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo lǎojiā zài Jiùjīnshān. Nàrde</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">qihou hen hao. Dōngtiān bù lěng, xiàtiān yě bú tài rè.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Chinese man in Běijīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The weather is very good today, isn’t it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It is! Today it has cleared up.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the climate like where you’re from?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My hometown is San Francisco. The climate there is very good. It isn’t cold in the winter, and it isn’t too hot in the summer, either.</span></p><a name="caption1"></a>
<h1><a name="bookmark31"></a><span class="font2"><a name="bookmark32"></a>«</span></h1>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī juede Běijīng zěnmeyang?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zhèi jītiān Běijīng tiāntiān xià</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xuě, tài lěng le.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">How do you like Běijīng? CLiterally, ”How do you feel Běijīng is?’’J</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s been snowing these last few days in Běijīng and it’s been too cold.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juěde</span><span class="font4">: ”to feel” This may mean &quot;to feel (physically)’’ or &quot;to feel (emotionally), to think.&quot; It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ juede ...</span><span class="font4"> may sometimes be translated as &quot;l think that ...&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ juede tā kéyi zuò. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think he can do it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">And here are some examples using </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juede</span><span class="font4"> to mean &quot;feel (physically )’’:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo juede hěn rè. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I feel hot.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ juede bù shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t feel well. (Literally, &quot;I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">feel not-well.’’)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nī juede Běijīng zěnmeyang?</span><span class="font4">: &quot;How do you like Běijīng?&quot; or &quot;What do you think of Beijīng? More literally, &quot;You feel Běijīng is how?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài lěng le</span><span class="font4">: ”it’s been too cold.” The marker </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4"> is the marker for new situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of ’’excessive.” Another example is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài guì le!</span><span class="font4"> ”lt’s too expensive!”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is talking with a</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī lǎojiā zài náli?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zài Niìí Yuě.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Niu Yuēde qìhòu zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Niǔ Yuēde qìhòu bú tài hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Dōngtiān lěng, xiàtiān rè. Nī lǎojiā zài náli?</span></p>
<h1><a name="bookmark33"></a><span class="font2"><a name="bookmark34"></a>t</span></h1>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zài Shànghǎi. Shànghǎide dōng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tiān hěn shǎo xià xuě, kěshi yě hěn lěng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Xiàtiān zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ou, xiàtiān hěn rè.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Jīntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn liāng-</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kuai. Women chūqu zōuzou* hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Chinese man in Taipei.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Where’s your hometown?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s New York.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What is New York’s climate like?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">New York’s climate isn’t too good. It’s cold in the winter and hot in the summer. Where’s your hometown.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s Shanghai. It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter, but it’s cold there, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s it like in the summer?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, it’s hot in the summer.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The weather today is cool. Let’s go out and walk around, okay?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zouzou</span><span class="font4">: ”to walk around”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART II</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">11. Dōngtiān chángcháng </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā fēng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">12. Sānyuè </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">13.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Chūntiān</span><span class="font4"> hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duǎn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">1U. Xiàtiān </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">youde shíhou xià yǔ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">15.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Qiūtiān zuì</span><span class="font4"> hǎo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">16. Nǐ shi shénme shíhou </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">líkāi </span><span class="font4">Běijīngde?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">17. Wō zhēn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāng</span><span class="font4"> Jiāzhōu.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">18. Xiàtiān hú shi hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cháoshǐ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">19.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Tǐngshuō</span><span class="font4"> Táiwān chángcháng guā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">táifēng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">20. cháng</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">It’s often windy in the winter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">By March it is already starting to get warm.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Spring is very short.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It sometimes rains in the summer.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fall is the best (season).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When did you leave Běijīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I really miss California.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s not very humid in the summer.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I hear that Taiwan often has typhoons.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be long</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā fēng</span><span class="font4">; ’’(there) blows wind” </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guā</span><span class="font4"> literally means ”to scrape,” but when used in connection with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēng</span><span class="font4">, ’’wind,” it means ”to blow.” Like other weather expressions, such as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià xuě</span><span class="font4"> ”to snow,” the subject </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēng</span><span class="font4"> usually follows the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā</span><span class="font4">. To say &quot;very windy,” you say that the wind is big, either </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fēng hěn dà</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guā dà fēng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sānyuè</span><span class="font4">; &quot;by March&quot; A time word before the verb may mean &quot;by&quot; a certain time as well as &quot;at&quot; a certain time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sānyuè jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo le</span><span class="font4">; &quot;By March it is already starting to get warm.&quot;When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù </span><span class="font4">indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4"> after the state verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nuǎnhuo</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to be warm,&quot; tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, ’*to get warm.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">youde shíhou</span><span class="font4">; &quot;sometimes&quot; This is also said as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you shíhou</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià yǔ</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to rain&quot; Literally, &quot;(there) falls rain.&quot; Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià xuě</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā fēng</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià yǔ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ zhēn xiǎng Jiāzhōu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;I really miss California” The verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font4">, translated here as &quot;to miss,&quot; is the same verb as &quot;to think&quot; (&quot;I really think of California I with nostalgia]&quot;).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàtiān bú shi hen cháoshī</span><span class="font4">; &quot;it’s not very humid in the summer.&quot; The </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font4"> is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù hen cháoshī</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">táifēng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;typhoon&quot; The Chinese word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">táifēng</span><span class="font4"> was borrowed into the English language as &quot;typhoon.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nī líkāi Běijīng duōshǎo nián le?</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">M: Yījīng you èrshibānián le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nī líkāi zhème jiù, xiang bu xiǎng Běijīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: You'shihou xiǎng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Tīngshuō Běijīng qiūtiande tiānqi zuì hǎo, shì bu shi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Duì le, qiūtiānde tiānqi zuì hǎo, bù lěng yě bú rè.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Dōngtiān xià xuě ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Dōngtiān you shihou xià xuě, yě chāngchāng guā fēng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Shénme shihou kāishī nuǎnhuo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Sānyuè jiu kāis’hī nuǎnhuo le. Kěshi chūntiān hěn duǎn, Wǔyuè Jiu rè le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Xiàtiān cháoshī ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Xiàtiān ySude shihou xià yǔ, kěshi bú shi hěn cháoshī.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">How many years has it been since you left Běijīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s already been twenty-eight years.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s been so long since you left, do you miss Běijīng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Sometimes I miss it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I hear that the autumn weather in Běijīng is the best, isn’t it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right, the autumn weather is the best; it’s neither cold nor hot.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Does it snow in the winter?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It sometimes snows in the winter, and it’s often windy, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When does it start to get warm?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It starts'to get warm by March, But the spring is very short, In May it starts to get hot.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is it humid in the summer?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It sometimes rains in the summer, but it’s not very humid.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ líkāi zhème jiǔ</span><span class="font4">: ”lt’s &quot;been so long since you left” You have seen </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǔ,</span><span class="font4"> which means &quot;to be long in time,&quot; in the phrase </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duo Jiǔ</span><span class="font4">, &quot;how long (a time)&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;NǏ Juede Táiběi chūntiānde</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tiānqì hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo juede zhèlide chūntiān hěn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">hǎo, Sānyuè Jiù nuǎnhuo le. Kěshi wo tīngshuō xiàtiān hěn rè, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Duì le. Zhèlide xiàtiān hěn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">rè, chángcháng xià yǔ, hěn cháoshī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Tīngshuō yě chángcháng guā</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">táifēng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Duì le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Táiběide qiūtiān ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Ou, Jiǔ-Shíyuè hái hěn rè,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Shíyīyuè Jiù liángkuai le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Do you feel that the spring weather in Taipei is good?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I feel the spring here is very good. It gets warm in March. But I hear the summer is hot, right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right. The summer here is very hot, and it often rains; it’s very humid.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve also heard that there are often typhoons.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How about the fall in Taipei?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, in September and October it’s still hot. By November it gets cool.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">PART III</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div style="border-bottom:solid;">
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">21. Nǐ lǎojiā zài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chěngli </span><span class="font4">hǎishi zài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngxià?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">22. Nàli you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shān,</span><span class="font4"> you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">sēnlín</span><span class="font4">, hǎi you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hú</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">23.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Fēngjǐng</span><span class="font4"> hěn hǎo, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kōngqì </span><span class="font4">hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐnxian</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">24. Nǐ lǎojiā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùj ìnd</span><span class="font4">e </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huǎnj ìng </span><span class="font4">zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">25. Nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang you duōshǎo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">rěnkōu?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">26. You wǔqiān rén </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuōyòu</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">27. Nàr měiyou kōngqì </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wūrǎn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">28.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Hǎibiān</span><span class="font4"> hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐngjìng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">29. Zhèr fùj in you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">30. chěng</span></p></li></ul>
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<p><span class="font4">Is your home in the city or in the country?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There are mountains and forests there, and lakes, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The scenery is very nice and the air is fresh.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the country like where you’re from?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the population of your hometown?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There are about five thousand people.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There’s no air pollution there.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The seashore is very quiet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Are there any rivers in this area? .</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">city</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chengli</span><span class="font4">: ”in the city,” literally &quot;inside the city wall.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngxià</span><span class="font4">: &quot;country&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngxia</span><span class="font4"> (with neutral tone </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xià</span><span class="font4">).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùj in</span><span class="font4">: &quot;vicinity&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">f ǔj in</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huǎn.jìng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;environment, surroundings,&quot; In No. 24 the phrase </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ lǎojiā fùjìnde huǎnjìng</span><span class="font4"> is literally &quot;the environment of the vicinity of your original home.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang</span><span class="font4">: &quot;your hometown&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lǎojiā</span><span class="font4"> by itself only means &quot;original home.’ To get the meaning &quot;hometown,&quot; you must refer to the place (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige dìfang</span><span class="font4">) where yoǔr &quot;original home&quot; (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǎojiā</span><span class="font4">) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ lǎojiā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige dìfang</span><span class="font4"> you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What’s the population of your</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">duōshǎo rěnkōu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hometown?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ lǎojiā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font4"> you měiyou shān? Are there mountains where your original home is?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ lǎojiā zài xiāngxià ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is your original home in the country?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎn, hú, he</span><span class="font4">; &quot;mountain, lake, river&quot; These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Shandong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;east of the (Tǎihǎng) mountains</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Shānxī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;west of the (Tàihǎng) mountains</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Héběi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of the (Yellow) river</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Henan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of the (Yellow) river</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hubei &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;north of the (Dongtíng) lake</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hunan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;south of the (Dongtíng) lake</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">An</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">American woman is talking with a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Chinese man in Běijīng:</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">M:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Nī lǎojiā fǔjìnde huanjìng zěnmeyàng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">What’s the country like where you’re from?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wo lǎojiǎde fùjìn you hěn duo shān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">There are a lot of mountains near where I’m from.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">M:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Nèige xiao chéngde fēngjīng hěn hǎo ba!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">That little town must have very good scenery!</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Duì le. Narde fēngjīng hěn hǎo. You sēnlín, hǎi you he.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Right. The scenery there is very good. There are forests and also rivers.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">M:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Nǎrde kōngqi hěn xīnxian ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I suppose the air there is very fresh.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Shi a! Nàr meiyou kōngqi wūrǎn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Yes! There is no air pollution there.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">M:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Nèige xiǎo chéng you duōshǎo rénkou?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">What’s the population of that little town?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">F:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">You sìqiān rén zuǒyòu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">There are about four thousand people.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige xiǎo chéng</span><span class="font4">; &quot;that little town&quot; You’ve learned that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngli</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;in the city.&quot;One word for &quot;city&quot; by itself is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéng</span><span class="font4"> Canother is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéngshìJ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Ni shuōde shi něige Huashèngdùn? Shi zhōu hǎishi chéng?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Which Washington are you talking about? The staté or the city?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is talking with a</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī lǎojiǎ zài chénglī háishi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zài xiǎngxià?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zài xiǎngxià. Nàli you shān,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you sēnlín, hǎi you hú. Fēngjīng hěn hǎo. Wǒ líkāi nàli yījīng you wǔniǎn le. Wǒ hěn xiǎng wǒde lǎojiǎ.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī lǎojiǎ nèige dìfǎng you</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">duoshǎo renkǒu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Sǎnqiān rén zuǒyòu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nà hěn qīngjìng ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Duì le, hěn qīngjìng. Kōngqì</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yě xīnxian. Nīde jiǎ zài Zhǎnghuà shěnme dìfang?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zài Tiǎnzhōng fùjìn. Nàli</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">fengjīng yě hěn hǎo, méiyou kōngqì wūrǎn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Chinese man in Taipei:</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Is your home in the city or in the country?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s in the country. There are mountains there, and forests, and lakes, too. The scenery is very good. It’s already been five years since I left there. I miss my original home very much.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the population of your hometown?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">About three thousand.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then it must be very quiet, I suppose?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right, it’s very quiet. The air is fresh, too. What part of Chang-hua is your home in?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Near T’ienchung. The scenery there is also very nice, and there’s no air pollution.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ líkāi nàli yījīng you wǔniǎn le</span><span class="font4">: ’’(Since) I left there it has been five years.*’ The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4">, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">as of the present moment</span><span class="font4"> (”so far”). Another point to bear in mind is that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font4">is used at the end of most sentences containing </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yījīng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǎnghuà</span><span class="font4">, ’’Changhua,” is the name of a city and a county on the west coast of central Taiwan. T’ienchung (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tiǎnzhōng</span><span class="font4">) is a village in southeastern Changhua county.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">cháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">often</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chángcháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">often</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cháoshī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be humid</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">city, town</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">chěngli</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">in the city</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chūntiān (chūntiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">spring</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">dongtiān (dōngtiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">winter</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">duǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be short</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">fēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wind</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">fēngjǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">scenery</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fùjin (fǔjìn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">area, neighborhood</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">guā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">hǎihiān(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">seashore</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">river</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">hú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lake</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">huánjìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">environment</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Juéde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to feel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">kāishǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to begin, to start</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kōngqì (kōngqi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">air</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kōngqì wūrǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">air pollution</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">lěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be cold</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">liángkuai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be cool</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">líkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to leave</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nuǎnhuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to be warm</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">qìhòu (qìhòu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">climate</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be clear</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">qǐngjìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be quiet</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qiūtiān (qiūtian)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fall, autumn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">re</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be hot</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">rěnkōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">population</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">sēnlín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">forest</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mountain</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be few; seldom</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">táifēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">typhoon</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">sky, heaven</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tiānqi (tiānqi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">weather</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tīngshuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to hear that, to hear it said</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wūrǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">pollution</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">xiǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xiāngxià (xiāngxia) xiàtiān (xiàtiān) xià xuě</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xià yǔ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xínxiān (xǐnxian)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you(de) shíhou</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zuì</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zuǒyòu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to miss, to think of</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">in the country, the countryside summer to snow to rain to be fresh</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">sometimes</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">most, -est</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">approximately, about</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Clothing</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1. Tā Jīntiān </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuānd</span><span class="font4">e </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīfu</span><span class="font4"> zhēn hao kàn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">2. Wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xūyào</span><span class="font4"> Jī</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn xīn</span><span class="font4"> yīfu.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3. Wǒde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dayī</span><span class="font4"> tài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font4"> le, wǒ xiang mǎi (yí)jiàn xīnde.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">. Běijīngde dōngtiān hěn lěng, nī </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font4"> mǎi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòu</span><span class="font4"> yidiǎnrde.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī shénme shihou </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù fúzhuāngdiàn</span><span class="font4">?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Gěi wo mǎi yī</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuāng tuōxiě</span><span class="font4">, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. Táiběi chāng xià yǔ, nī xūyào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yūyī</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǔxié</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">8. Wode yǔsǎn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huài</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">9. Wǒ hāi xūyào yì</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiáo kùzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10. Chūntiān lai le, wǒ xiǎng mǎi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bào</span><span class="font4"> yidiǎnde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qúnzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">11. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yí</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tào gànbufú</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">12. Wǒ shàngwu qù mǎile yìtiáo kùzi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font4"> jǐjiàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chènshān</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">13. xīn</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">The clothes she is wearing today are really pretty.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I need some new clothes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My coat is too worn, I want to get a new one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Winter in Běijīng is very cold; you need to buy a heavier one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When are you going to the clothing store?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It often rains in Taipei; you need a raincoat and rainshoes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My umbrella has broken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I also need a pair of pants.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Spring is coming; I’d like to buy a lighter skirt.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to buy a cadre suit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This morning I went and bought a pair of pants and a few shirts.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be new</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCES NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuān</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to put on, to don&quot; (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, &quot;to put on,&quot; where English uses a state verb, &quot;to wear.&quot; You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say &quot;She’s NOT WEARING her coat,&quot; you actually say &quot;She DIDN’T PUT ON her coat,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ta méi chuān dàyī</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Here are some example sentences using </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuān</span><span class="font4"> ”to put on.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo chuānle yìshuāng hong xié. I’m wearing a pair of red shoes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(I’ve put on a pair of red shoes.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo méi chuān xié. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m not wearing shoes. (I didn’t put</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">on shoes.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Ní chuān bái xié ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo bù chuān bái xié. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I won’t wear white shoes. (INTENTION)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chuān</span><span class="font4"> is not the only verb meaning ”to put on” in Chinese. There is another verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dāi</span><span class="font4"> which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, jewelry, and gloves. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dāi</span><span class="font4"> is taught in Part II of this unit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xūyào</span><span class="font4">: ”to need ” This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with bù.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">I need money.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào shíjiān.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I need time.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào ta.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I need her.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào huàn qián.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I need to change money</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào zhídao.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">He needs to know.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jiàn</span><span class="font4">: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǒngxi</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìqing</span><span class="font4">), and suitcases.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàyī</span><span class="font4">: ’’overcoat” literally ’’big clothes”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font4">: ”to be old, to be worn” This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete or abstract, but never people. EFor people, use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǎo</span><span class="font4">: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā lāo le</span><span class="font4">. ’’She’s gotten old.”3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Na shi wode jiù dìzhǐ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s my old address.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā háishi chuān jiù yīfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She’s still wearing old clothes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mai (yí)jiān xīnde</span><span class="font4">: The number </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yī-</span><span class="font4"> before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font4">: ”to need” In sentence No. U, you see a new usage of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font4"> (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde</span><span class="font4"> ”you need to &quot;buy a heavier one”). In addition to meaning ”to want”, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font4"> has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning ”to need” is one of the more common ones.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be thick&quot; In sentence No. U (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">...nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde...</span><span class="font4">), </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòu</span><span class="font4"> is translated as &quot;heavier.&quot; The basic meaning of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòu</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;to be thick.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèiběn shū hěn hòu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This book is very thick.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yèli xiàde xuě hěn hòu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The snow that fell last night is</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">very deep.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bao</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.),&quot; is often the opposite of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hòu</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tuòxié</span><span class="font4">: &quot;slipper,&quot; literally &quot;drag-shoes.&quot; In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan’s rainy climate, (in mainland China, shoes are worn into the house. )</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huai</span><span class="font4">: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process verb. As a state verb, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huài</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;to be bad,&quot; as a process verb, &quot;to go bad, to break.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">As a state verb:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zuótiān tiānqi zhēn huài, jīntiān hǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hē! Tāde Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài, a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">As a process verb:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo zhèizhī bǐ huài le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèixiē júzi huài le, bú yào le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it’s gotten better</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">This pen of mine is broken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">These tangerines have gone bad; we don’t want them (throw them out).</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gāoxióng) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiǎo Hua is their daughter.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Zhèli fǔjìn you hěn duō fúzhuāng-diàn, women qù mai yīfu, hao bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo. Nī xiǎng mǎi shenme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wo xiǎng mǎi yìtiáo kùzi he Jījiàn chènshān. Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi yíjiàn dàyī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Duì, nī chuānde zhèijiàn dàyī tài jiù le, women qù gěi ni mǎi Jiàn xīnde.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nī yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn xīn dàyī, shì bu shi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Duì le. Táiběide dōngtiān you shihou hěn lěng, women yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnde dàyī. Wo hái xūyào mǎi jiàn yūyī, yě yào gěi Xiǎo Huá mǎi yìshuāng yǔxie.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Ou,, hái yào mǎi jīshuāng tuōxiě.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo, women xiànzài jiù qù.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">There are a lot of clothing stores in this area; why don’t we go buy some clothes?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right. What would you like to buy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to buy a pair of slacks and a few shirts. I’d also like to buy an overcoat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right, this overcoat you’re wearing is too old. Let’s go buy you a new one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You need to buy a new overcoat too, don’t you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes get very cold; we should buy heavier coats. I also need to buy a raincoat, and I want to buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo Huá, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, we should buy a few pairs of slippers, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, let’s go right now.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American of Chinese descent (M) has Here he talks with his cousin (F).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Jīntiān xiàwū women qù mǎi dōngxi zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo. Nī yào mǎi shénme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi jījiàn yīfu, tiānqi nuǎnhuo le, xūyào mǎi báode chènshān he qúnzi.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How about going shopping this afternoon?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay. What do you want to buy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to get a few clothes;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">the weather is warmer now, and I need to buy a lighter weight blouse and skirt.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">M: Wo yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I also need to buy a shirt, and</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chènshān, wS hái xiǎng mǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’d like to buy a cadre suit,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yítào gànbufú. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;too.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nī yào mǎi gàribufu? Nà, women yìqī qù fúzhuāngdiàn. òu, duì le, Beijing Qī-Bāyuè chǎng xià yǔ, nǐ you meiyou yǔxié, yǔsǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Wode yǔxié tài jiù le, yǔsǎn yǎ huài le, dōu dei mǎi xīnde le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Hǎo.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">You want to buy a cadre suit?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then we’ll go to the clothing store together. Oh, right, it often rains in Beijing in July and August, do you have rain shoes and an umbrella?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My rain shoes are too worn, and my umbrella is broken. I have to buy new ones of both.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">1U. Qīngwèn, nali ySu mài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèiyī nèikùd</span><span class="font4">e?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">15. Zhèjiàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiakè</span><span class="font4"> shi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nílóngd</span><span class="font4">e, shi ba?</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">16. Jīntiān hen lěng, nī bú </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài màozi</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">17. Wo nèi</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dīng pò</span><span class="font4"> màozi tài nǎnkàn le, wo bù xiǎng dài.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">18. Nīde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàzi gòu</span><span class="font4"> bu gòu? Wo gěi ni mǎi jīshuāng.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">19. A: Nī yào mǎi jiǎkè hǎishi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàitào</span><span class="font4">?</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wo gei wo xiānsheng mǎi jiǎkè, gei wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zìjī</span><span class="font4"> mǎi wàitào.</span></p>
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<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">20. Wo mǎile yìshuǎng hēi yǎnsède </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pixie</span><span class="font4"> he yítào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuìyī</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Excuse me, where do they sell undershirts and underpants?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This jacket is made of nylon, isn’t it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s cold today, aren’t you going to wear your hat?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">That old hat of mine looks awful, I don’t want to wear it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you have enough socks? I’ll buy you a few pairs.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want to buy a jacket or a coat?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I want to buy a jacket for my husband and a coat for myself.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I bought a pair of black shoes and a pair of pajamas.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">21. A: ’ Zhèli you ge </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūbāo</span><span class="font4">, shi shéide?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Ā, shi wǒde, wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàng</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">22. A: Wǒde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">máoyí</span><span class="font4"> po le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà</span><span class="font4"> ní děi qù māi xínde le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">There’s a tote bag here; whose is it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, it’s mine, I forgot it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My sweater is worn through/torn/ damaged.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then you have to go buy a new one.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèiyī, nèikù</span><span class="font4">: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèi</span><span class="font4"> means ’’inner.” </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèikù</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;underpants” (kù as in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kùzi</span><span class="font4">). </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Neiyí</span><span class="font4"> means ’’underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèikù </span><span class="font4">takes on the specific meaning ’’undershirt.” The </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yī</span><span class="font4"> means ’’clothing, garment,&quot; as in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīfu</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiākè</span><span class="font4">: &quot;jacket,&quot; a word borrowed from English. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiākè</span><span class="font4"> refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a suit Jacket would be </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàitào</span><span class="font4"> (see note below). Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiakè</span><span class="font4">. In Beijing, this word has an -r ending.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nílong</span><span class="font4">: &quot;nylon,&quot; another borrowing from English.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to put on, to don&quot; a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one’s apparel. As with the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuān</span><span class="font4"> which you learned in Part I, when you use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4"> you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of &quot;to wear&quot; to the idea of &quot;put on.&quot; For &quot;Do you wear glasses?&quot; you would say &quot;Do you put on glasses?&quot;: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ní dài bu dài yǎnjìng?<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark35">1</a></sup> </span><span class="font4">For &quot;She’s not wearing glasses&quot; you would say &quot;She didn’t put on glasses&quot;: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā méi dài yǎnjìng</span><span class="font4">. Contrast</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā bú dài màozi.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā méi dài màozi.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">She doesn’t wear hats. (HABIT) OR She won’t wear a hat. (INTENTION)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">She didn’t put on a hat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">OR She didn’t wear a hat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">OR She doesn’t have a hat on.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress I</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font4">I, the marker for duration C-</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhe</span><span class="font4">J, the marker for lack of change Cnel, etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-ding</span><span class="font4">: The counter for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">màozi</span><span class="font4">, &quot;hat.&quot; Literally, -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ding</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;top.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pò</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out&quot; In </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pò màozi</span><span class="font4">, &quot;old/ worn/ tattered hat,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pò</span><span class="font4"> stands before a noun to modify it. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pò</span><span class="font4"> is also frequently used as a process verb, &quot;to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu Let me have a look, -has your shi pò le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jacket been torn/worn through?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Part I you learned </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huài</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to go bad, to break.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huai</span><span class="font4"> means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pò</span><span class="font4"> means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font4"> in Part I had for one possible translation &quot;to be worn,&quot; but </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pō</span><span class="font4"> are quite different: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiù le</span><span class="font4"> means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pò le</span><span class="font4"> means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gòu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be enough&quot; This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English &quot;enough&quot;) before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with &quot;enough&quot; into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Nīde wàzi gòu bu gòu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde chènshān bú gòu.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fùnwan bú gòu.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Do you have ------&gt; Are your socks</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">enough socks</span><span class="font4">? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enough?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t have ------» My shirts aren’t</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">enough shirts</span><span class="font4"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enough.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There aren’t —----&gt; The rice bowls</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">enough rice bowls</span><span class="font4">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;aren’t enough.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàitào</span><span class="font4">: This word has two meanings: (1) &quot;coat, overcoat,&quot; and</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(2) a ^jacket&quot; which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiākè</span><span class="font4">.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zìjǐ</span><span class="font4">: &quot;oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.&quot; This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font4">, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǒng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;kind,&quot; and for the last, you need to know </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to make.’’)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Mǎi yīfu, zuì hǎo mǎi zìjǐ xīhuande nèizhǒng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nà shi wǒ zìjǐde shi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèi shi tā zìjǐ zuòde, bú shi mǎide.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one likes oneself.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">That’s my own business.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">She made this herself, it isn’t</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(store-)bought.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pixie</span><span class="font4">: Western-style &quot;leather shoes,&quot; a word commonly used where we would just say &quot;shoes,&quot; since traditional Chinese shoes (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùxié</span><span class="font4">) are made of cloth.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuìyī</span><span class="font4">: &quot;pajamas,” literally, &quot;sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tào</span><span class="font4">, &quot;set.&quot; (Although we say ”a </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pair</span><span class="font4"> of pajamas&quot; in English, you cannot use the counter -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuāng</span><span class="font4"> in Chinese. -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuāng</span><span class="font4"> is only for things that match, like shoes.) 2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūbāo</span><span class="font4">: &quot;tote bag, carryall,&quot; literally, &quot;book-sack.&quot; Although still used with the original meaning of a student’s &quot;bookbag,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūbāo</span><span class="font4"> has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. IThere are other words for &quot;tote bag,&quot; but </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūbāo</span><span class="font4"> is so useful that you should learn it first.3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to forget; to forget to; to forget that&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī wàng le ba? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You’ve forgotten, haven’t you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo méi wàng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, I haven’t forgotten.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Wo wàng(le) qū le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo wàng(le) dài màozi le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo wàngle tā Jīdiǎn zhōng lai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo wàngle tā jiao shénme míngzi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo wàngle wo jīntiān méi kè.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">I forgot to go.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I forgot to put on my hat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I forgot what time he is coming.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I forgot what his name is.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I forgot that I don’t have any classes today.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">máoyī</span><span class="font4">: &quot;sweater,&quot; literally, &quot;woolen-garment.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà,</span><span class="font4"> &quot;in that case, then,&quot; is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nà, women shénme shíhou qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Then, when shall we go?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà nī děi qù mǎi xīnde le</span><span class="font4">: The </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4"> here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tiānjīn. In the home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife’s older sister.)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nī zuotiān bú shi shuō xiǎng qù mǎi nèiyī, nèikù ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Shi a! Wo hǎi xiǎng mǎi jiàn wàitào.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Didn’t you say yesterday that you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes! I also want to buy an overcoat.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Mǎi wàitàor a?! Ní nèijiàn xín jiākè bu hǎo ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hěn hǎo, kěshi tiānqi yíjīng kāishǐ liāng le, nèijiàn jiākè tài bāo, wǒ xiǎng mǎi jiàn xín wàitào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nà women shénme shíhou qù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ou, ní yě xiǎng qù a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wǒ xiǎng qù mǎi yítào shuìyī, mǎi liǎngshuāng nílóng wàzi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ou, hǎo, nà women xiànzài jiù qù, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Hǎo, ní chuān nèijiàn jiākè gòu bu gòu? Tiānqi hěn lěng a!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Gòu le, wǒ hāi chuānle māoyī ne.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: 15g, wǒde shūbāo ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Nèige shūbāo shi bu shi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Bu shi, nà shi wǒ jiějiede. A! Zài zhèr!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Hǎo le, zǒu ba!</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Buy an overcoat?! Isn’t that new jacket of yours good?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s very good, but the weather has already started to get cold,, and that Jacket is too light, so I’d like to get a new overcoat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then when shall we go?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, you want to go too?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to go buy a pair of pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, all right, then let’s go right now, okay?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay. Will it be enough for you to wear that jacket? The weather is very cold!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s enough. I have a sweater on too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Huh, where’s my tote bag?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is that tote bag it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, that’s my older sister’s. Ah! Here it is!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All set?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All set. Let’s go!</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒde shūbāo ne?</span><span class="font4">: Questions with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font4"> frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, ’’Where is my tote bag?’’</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">(Xiao Ming is their son.)</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: Yīngmíng, xīhuan wo jīntiān gěi nī mǎide zhèdīng màozi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Duōshao qián maide?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Bú guì a! Nī bù xīhuan?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ou, hěn hao kàn. Nī shàngwǔ qù mai dōngxi la?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Duì le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ní hái māile shenme le?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wo gěi nī maile liǎngjiàn chènshān. Wǒ kàn nī nàjiàn lán yánsède máoyī pole, hái gěi ni mǎile liangjiàn máoyī. Yíjiàn shi huángde, yíjiàn shi lude. Nī kàn. Xīhuan ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Ng, hěn hao kàn. Xièxie ni.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wo hái gěi Xiǎo Ming mǎile nèiyī, nèikù, he Jīshuāng wàzi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Nī gěi zìjī mǎi shenme le?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wǒ zìjī mǎile yíjiàn jiākè, yíjiàn wàitào, hái mǎile yìshuāng xié, yìshuāng hong yánsède pixie.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hái yǒu méiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Mm . . . méiyou le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Nà nī wàngle gěi wo mǎi shuìyī le ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Ou! Wǒ wàng le! Wǒ míngtiān qù mǎi, hǎo bu hao?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Yīngmíng, do you like the new hat I bought for you today?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How much did you pay for it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It wasn’t expensive! You don’t like it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, it’s nice. You went shopping this morning?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What else did you buy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I bought you two.shirts. And since I saw that that blue sweater of yours is worn through, I also bought two sweaters for you. One is yellow and one is green. Look. Do you like them?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">They’re very nice, Thank you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I also bought a few undershirts and underpants and a few pairs of socks for Xiǎo Ming.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What did you buy for yourself?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I bought myself a jacket and an overcoat, and I also bought a pair of shoes, a pair of red leather shoes.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Anything else?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Um . . .no.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then you forgot to buy pajamas for me, didn’t you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh! I forgot! I’ll go buy them tomorrow, all right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">22. Nǐ yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò shénmeyàngd</span><span class="font4">e yǐfu?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">23. A: Wǒ yào zuò yíjiàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qipao</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liàozid</span><span class="font4">e?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nǐ shuō </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòng</span><span class="font4"> shénme liàozi hǎo?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Women zhèli you hěn duō </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǒng</span><span class="font4"> liàozi, nín xǐhuan nǎyizhong?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">2U. A: Nǐ yào zuò shénme </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàngzid</span><span class="font4">e?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wǒ xǐhuan wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnshang </span><span class="font4">chuānde zhèijiàn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nǐ kě bu kéyi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào</span><span class="font4"> zhèige yàngzi zuò?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">25. Wǒ gěi nín </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liang chǐcùn</span><span class="font4">, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">26. Nǐ kànkan zhèijiàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mian’ǎo héshì</span><span class="font4"> bu héshì.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">27. xīzhuāng</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">What kind of clothing do you want made?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I want to have a cheongsam made.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What material do you want it made from?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What material do you think would be best to use?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">We have many different kinds of material here; which kind do you prefer?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What style do you want it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I like the one I have on.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Could you make it in this style?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll take your measurements, all right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">See if this cotton-padded jacket fits you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Western-style clothes; Western-style suit</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to make,&quot; but in the Reference List sentence it is used for &quot;to have made.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuò yǐfu</span><span class="font4"> has two possible meanings: &quot;to make clothes&quot; or &quot;to have clothes made.&quot; The context will usually make clear which is meant.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zài Taiwan zuò yǐfu bù piǎnyi le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Having clothes made isn’t cheap in Taiwan any more.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénmeyàng;</span><span class="font4"> &quot;what kind, like what&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Nīde dìtan shénmeyàngr?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Laide rěn shénmeyàngr?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ yàode dìtan shi shénmeyàngde?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nīde péngyou shi shénmeyàngde rén?</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">What is your carpet like?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What did the person who came look like?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What kind of carpet is it that you want?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What kind of person is your friend?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qipao</span><span class="font4">: A close-fitting woman’s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ’’cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qí</span><span class="font4"> refers to the Manchurian nationality; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">páo</span><span class="font4"> means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qipao</span><span class="font4"> comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn by Manchurian women.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liàozi</span><span class="font4">: ”cloth, fabric, material”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ shuō...</span><span class="font4">: Literally, ’’You say..., to mean, <sup>,k</sup>In your opinion” or ”Do you think</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">but often used as in this question If</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">-</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǒng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;kind, sort”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nīde luxíng zhīpiào shi nǎ yizhongde?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī qù nèizhǒng dìfang zuò shénme?</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèizhǒng Júzi hen guì.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàngzi</span><span class="font4">: &nbsp;(1) ”appearance,” (2)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tāde yàngzi hěn hǎo kàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Kàn tā nèi yàngzi!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī shuǒde nèige dōngxi shi shénme yàngzide?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tāde qípáode yàngzi hěn bú cuò.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nīde xīn yīfu shi shénme yàngzide?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">What kind are your traveler’s checks?</span></p>
<p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">t</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What did you go to that kind of place to do?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This kind of tangerine is very expensive.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">&quot;shape, form,&quot; (3) &quot;style, design.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Her appearance is very attractive.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Look at his appearance! (i.e., &quot;Get a load of him.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What does the thing you are talking about look like?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the style of your new dress?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnshang</span><span class="font4">: &quot;on one’s body, on one’s person&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā shēnshang yǒu yíjiàn lán dàyī.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ shēnshang méiyou qián.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde qián xiànzài dōu zài tā shēnshang.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kě bu kéyi</span><span class="font4">; another way to say</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào</span><span class="font4">; &quot;according to”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jiù zhào zhèige niàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jiù zhào zhèige páijià huàn ba!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo jiù zhào nīde yìsi xiǒ, hao bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liang</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to measure&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī gěi wo liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu gòu.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">He has a blue overcoat on.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t have any money on me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He has all my money with him right now.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi bu kéyi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Just read it the way it is here (according to this).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Just exchange it according to this exchange rate.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll just write it the way you want it written, all right?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there’s enough.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chīcùn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;measurements,&quot; literally, &quot;feet-inches.&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chīcun</span><span class="font4"> (with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cun</span><span class="font4"> in the neutral tone).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mián’ǎo</span><span class="font4">; &quot;Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">héshì</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèijiàn yīfu hěn héshì, bú &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This garment fits well, it’s</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dà yě bù xiǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;neither too large nor too</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">small.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī chuān zhèige yánsè bú tài That color doesn’t look right héshì, huàn (yi)jiàn biéde ba. on you, try a different one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Běijīng. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(B) is the tailor.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wo yào zuò jījiàn yīfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’d like to have some clothes made.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Xing a. Nín yào zuò shénme-yàngrde yǐfu?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Eng, wǒ yào zuò liàngtào xizhuāng, yítào chūntian chuānde, yítào dōngtian chuānde.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hao. Women zhèr you hěn duo zhǒng liàozi. Nín xǐhuan zuò něizhǒng liàozide? Zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò chūntian chuānde xizhuāng hěn hǎo kàn. Nín kànkan nín xǐhuan bu xǐhuan.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: 0, hěn hǎo kàn. Jiù zuò yítào zhèizhǒng liàozide ba.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nin kàn, zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò dōngtian chuānde xizhuāng zěnmeyàng? Bú cuò ba? Hěn nuǎnhuo.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Liàozi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ bú tài xǐhuan zhèizhǒng yānsè. Nín you lān yānsède ma?</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: You lān yansède. Zhèige zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Hǎo. Zhèige wǒ hěn xǐhuan. Xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, what kind of clothes do you want to have made?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to have two Westernstyle suits made, one to wear in the spring and one to wear in the winter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right. We have many kinds of cloth here. What kind of cloth do you like to wear? This kind of cloth would look very good as a spring suit. Take a look and see if you like it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, it’s very attractive. Make one suit of this cloth.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What do you think of this cloth for the winter suit? Nice, isn’t it? It’s very warm.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The cloth is very good, but I don’t like this color very much. Do you have this in blue?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, I do. How is this?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Good. I like this very much.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Thank you.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Qǐngwèn, nīmen zhèli zuò bu zuo qipao he mian’ǎo?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Women zuò, zuò.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ xiǎng yòng zhè liǎngkuài liàozi zuò yíjiàn qípáo hàn° yíjiàn mian’ǎo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">to have some clothes made.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you make cheongsams and cotton, padded coats here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, we do, we do.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I'd like to use these two pieces of material to make a cheongsam and a cotton-padded coat.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">~</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hàn</span><span class="font4">: A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character he, ’’and” or ’’with.&quot;</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Qípáo yào zuò chángde háishi duǎnde?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Yào zuò chángde.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wo kànkan nǐde liàozi you duōshǎo ba. Zhàikuài kéyi zuò chángde. Nèikuài zhǐ kéyi zuò duǎnde.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nà jiù yòng nèikuài zuò mián’ǎo, yòng zhèikuài zuò qípáo. Kéyi ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Kéyi, kéyi. Nèikuài liàozi zuò mián’ǎo hěn héshì. Qípáo yào zuò shénme yàngzide?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wo xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. Nǐ kě bu kéyi zhào zhèijiànde yàngzi zuò?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Kéyi. Xiànzài w3 gei ni liáng chǐcùn, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want the cheongsam long or short?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Long.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let me have a look at how much material you have. With this piece you can make a long one. With that piece you can only make a short one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then use that piece to make the cotton-padded coat and use that piece to make the cheongsam. Will that be all right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Sure. That piece of material is very suitable for making a cotton-padded coat. What style do you want the cheongsam?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I like the one I have on. Can you make it according to the style of this one?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes. Now I’ll take, your measurements, okay?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 2, Vocabulary</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">báo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be thin; to be light (of clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cháng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chènshān chīcùn (chīcùn) chuān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to be long shirt, blouse measurement; size to put on, to wear</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dàyī</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-dīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">overcoat</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(counter for hats)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fúzhuāngdiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">■ clothing store</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">gànbufú gòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cadre suit to be enough</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">hàn he héshì hòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">and (Taiwan pronunciation) and</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to fit; to be suitable</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be thick; to be heavy (of</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">huài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">clothing)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be bad; to go bad, to break</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-J iàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">jacket</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(counter for clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">kùzi (yìtiáo)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">pants</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">liáng liàozi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to measure material, fabric</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">maoyī</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">màozi (yìdīng) mián’āo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">sweater hat</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">cotton-padded jacket</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nà nèikù nèiyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">then, in that case</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">underpants</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nílong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèikù</span><span class="font4">, underpants) nylon</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">pixie PÒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">leather shoes</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be worn out; to break, to tear</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qipao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qù qúnzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to go skirt</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shénmeyàng shēnshang</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-shuāng shūbāo shuìyī (yítào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">like what, what kind</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">on one's body</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">pair</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">book bag, tote bag, carryall</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">pajamas; nightgown</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">-tào</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-tiáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for suits, sets of things)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(counter for long, winding things;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">counter for pants, translated &quot;pair”</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tuōxié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">slippers</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">■wàitào (r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">coat, jacket (that extends below</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">wàng wazi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">the waist) to forget socks</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">xié xizhuāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">shoe</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Western-style clothes; Western-style</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xūyào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">suit</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to need, to require</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">yàngzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">appearance; shape, form; style,</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">design; pattern</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">should; must; it is necessary, to need to</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">yīfu yòng yǔxié yǔyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">clothes to use rainshoes; rubbers^ galoshes raincoat</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhào -zhǒng zìjǐ zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">according to</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kind, sort</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.), to make; to have made</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 </span><span class="font4">Hair Care</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1. Jintiān wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you shi</span><span class="font4">, qǐng ni kuài yidian </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jian</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">2. A: Jian duǎn yidiǎn ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">B: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú yào</span><span class="font4"> jian tài duǎn, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú</span><span class="font4"> chāng yidiǎn.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">3.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Liǎngt&gt;iān</span><span class="font4"> jiǎn duǎn yidiǎn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">4. Gòu duǎn le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">5. Wo yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐ tou</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Wo bú yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. Had you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tóufa</span><span class="font4">, bù </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūfu</span><span class="font4">, qǐng ni </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nòng gānj ing </span><span class="font4">yidiǎn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">8. Qǐng gěi wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā yíxià húzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">9- Nǐ yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuí bèi</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10. Nǐ yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ànmo</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">11. Nǐmen zhèli you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cā </span><span class="font4">píxiéde ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">12. liú húzi</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">13. lǐ fà</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">14. lǐfàdiàn/lǐfàguǎn</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">I have things to do today, please cut Cmy hair! faster.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want it cut short?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Don’t cut it too short, leave it a little long.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Cut the sides a little shorter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It's short enough now.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I want a shampoo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don't want any (hair) oil.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There's still some hair Ce.g., on my neck! and it's uncomfortable; please clean it up a little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Give me </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">a shave,</span><span class="font4"> please. (Literally, &quot;Please shave the beard for me.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want your back pounded?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want a massage?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Can I get a shoeshine here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to grow a beard</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have a haircut</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">barbershop</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you shi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be occupied, to have something to do,&quot; literally, &quot;to have business.*'</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ xiànzài you shì ma? Mei shì.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Are you busy now? No, I’m not busy.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiǎn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to cut (with a scissors), to clip, to trim&quot; Chinese has several different words for English &quot;to cut&quot; depending on the method of cutting. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎn</span><span class="font4"> only refers to cutting with a scissors or clipper.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú yào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;don't&quot; In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bié</span><span class="font4"> for &quot;don't&quot; in negative commands. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bu yào</span><span class="font4"> means the same thing.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngbiān</span><span class="font4">: &quot;two sides, both sides&quot; In English it is enough to say just &quot;the sides&quot; and to add &quot;two&quot; or &quot;both&quot; seems superfluous, but </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎng</span><span class="font4"> is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, &quot;the side£.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gòu duǎn le</span><span class="font4">: &quot;it's short enough now&quot; There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say &quot;short enough,&quot; but in Chinese you say literally &quot;enough short&quot;; in other words, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gòu</span><span class="font4"> is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duǎn</span><span class="font4">. (2) Inhere indicates a new state of affairs: before, the hair wasn't short enough, but now it is. Thus </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4"> can be rendered into English by the word &quot;now.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐ tóu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to wash the hair&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou</span><span class="font4"> is literally &quot;head,&quot; but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you want one. (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> is translated as &quot;to shampoo.&quot; Liquid shampoo is called </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐfàjǐng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;wash-hair-essence.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Notice that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ yào xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> has been translated idiomatically as &quot;I want a shampoo,&quot; although literally </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> is a verb-object &quot;to wash the head.&quot; Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wo yào xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> as &quot;I want to wash the hair,&quot; but in this context the sentence actually means &quot;I want to have (my) hair washed,&quot; that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ qù xǐ yīfu.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">I am going to wash clothes. OR</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">I am going to have clothes washed.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font4">: Literally, &quot;oil,&quot; this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The specific word for &quot;hair oil&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàyóu</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">touyou</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hai you tóufa...</span><span class="font4">: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūfu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be comfortable; to feel good&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèige yǐzi zhēn shūfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This chair is really comfortable.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèige xiǎo fēng hǎo shūfu a! This breeze (&quot;little wind&quot;) feels so good!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù shūfu</span><span class="font4"> can either mean &quot;to be uncomfortable&quot; or &quot;not to be well,&quot; that is, to feel ill.</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǎng Xiáojie wèishénme jīntiān méi lai?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Tā jīntiān bù shūfu.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Why didn’t Miss Wang come today?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">She doesn't feel well today.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nòng</span><span class="font4">: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: &quot;to do/manage/handle/make.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nòng</span><span class="font4"> often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">long</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ qù nòng fan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ qù nòng nèige.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ zìjǐ nòng ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Bié nòng nèixie shìqing.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā nòngle hěn duō qián.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll go get the meal ready.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll go take care of that.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let me do it myself.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Don’t mess around with that sort of thing.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He came up with a lot of money.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">But in the Reference List sentence, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nòng</span><span class="font4"> is used in an even more common way, meaning &quot;to make (someone/something a certain way)&quot; or &quot;to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).&quot; Other examples:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">nònggānjing: &quot;to make/get something clean&quot; nònghuài: &quot;to break, to put out of order, to ruin&quot; nòngpò: &quot;to tear, to break&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā hūzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to shave&quot;, literally, &quot;to scrape the beard.&quot; The verbobject phrase </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā huzi</span><span class="font4">, like </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> in Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either &quot;to shave (someone)&quot; or &quot;to have someone shave oneself.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi wǒ guā hūzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;shave me&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi</span><span class="font4"> is the prepositional verb meaning &quot;for.&quot;When you have a verb-object phrase like </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā hūzi</span><span class="font4"> you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> phrase.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ni gěi wo xǐ tóu.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a shampoo).</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuí bèi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to pound (someone’s) back&quot; as in massage. Barbers in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once again, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuí bèi</span><span class="font4"> is a verb-object phrase with the same ambiguity as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐ tou</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā húzi</span><span class="font4">: it may mean &quot;to pound someone’s back&quot; or &quot;to have one's back pounded. Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ yào chuí bèi ma?</span><span class="font4">, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ànmó</span><span class="font4">: This is the noun &quot;massage.&quot; In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a few in the PRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cā pixie</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to shine shoes/to have one's shoes shined&quot; (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cā</span><span class="font4"> is literally , &quot;to wipe, to rub.&quot;) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English &quot;a shoeshine.&quot; The translation of the Reference List sentence using &quot;a shoeshine&quot; is idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, &quot;is there someone who shines shoes here?&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cā píxiéde</span><span class="font4"> is a noun phrase meaning &quot;someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú húzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to grow a beard,&quot; literally </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to leave, to let be,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">húzi</span><span class="font4"> &quot;beard, mustache.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a</span></p>
<div style="border-top:solid;">
<p><span class="font4">barber's chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bù, wo yào liú cháng yidiǎn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nǐmen zhèli you meiyou cā píxiéde?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: You, you. È, zhèwèi xiānshēng yào cā pixie, kuài lai.'</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">C: Hǎo.'</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want it a little shorter?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I want to leave it a little long.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you have someone who shines shoes here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy) Hey, this gentlemen wants to have his shoes shined, come quickly!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">(Ten minutes later)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Xiǎnshēng, nǐ kànkah hòubian zěnmeyang, hái yào bu yào zài jiǎn yìdiǎn?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú yào le, hòubian hěn hǎo. Liǎngbiǎn me...</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Liǎngbiǎn chángle yidiǎn?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Liǎngbiǎn yě hěn hǎo. Jiù zhèyangzi ba!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">(A few minutes later)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Gěi nǐ chuí yíxià bèi zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú bì le.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Sir, take a look at how the back is, do you want more off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, the back is fine. As for the sides...</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The sides are a little long?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The sides are okay, too. Just leave it this way.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Pound your back for you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">That’s not necessary.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liangbiǎn me...</span><span class="font4">: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">me</span><span class="font4"> indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words &quot;as for.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber’s chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hèi! Nín zhè tou gòu chángde le!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Zhèiliǎngge yuè tài mang, méi shijiǎn na! Duǎn yidiǎnr ba!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Hey, this hair of yours is getting awfully long!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve been two busy the past couple of months, I haven't had any time! Cut it short for me, okay?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">B: Xí ng a!</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Sure!</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">'</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tou</span><span class="font4">, literally &quot;head.&quot; is used here for &quot;head of hair.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Zhèi hòubianr gòu duan le, liǎngbiǎnr zěnmeyàng? Duō liú yidiǎnr hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú yào liú le, nín jiù jiǎn ba.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">• •</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Xiànzài zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú cuò!<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark36">2</a></sup> <a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark37">3</a></sup></span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nà, dào nèibianr zuò, wo gěi nín xǐ tou.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Hǎo.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Yào diǎnr you ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú yào, bú yào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Guāgua húzi ba?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú yòng le, duō xiè nín, húzi wǒ zìjǐ guā ba! Nín gěi wo bǎ tōufa nònggānjingle jiu xíng le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo. Xiànzài shūfu le ba?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Shūfu duō le. Xièxie nín!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Bú kèqi.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">It's short enough in back. How about the sides? How about leaving them a little long?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Don't leave them long, just cut them.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How is it now?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Pretty good!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Then, have a seat over there and I'll give you a shampoo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Want some oil?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, I don't.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How about a shave?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">That’s not necessary, thank you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I'll shave myself! Just clean up the hairs for me and that will be all right.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, does that feel better?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Much better. Thank you!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You're welcome.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">15. A: Míngtiān wǒ yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò tóufa</span><span class="font4">, wo xūyào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùyuē </span><span class="font4">ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">B: Bù xūyào, wǎnshàng bǎdiǎn zhǒng yīqiǎn lai jiù méi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèntí</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">16. A: &nbsp;Nī yào Jiǎn duōshǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wǒ yào jiǎn w</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ǔfēn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">17. Haishi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu diǎn</span><span class="font4"> chǎng.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">18. Yào bu yao </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìyishi</span><span class="font4"> liú chǎng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">yidiǎn? Wǒ xiǎng </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yídìng </span><span class="font4">hǎo kàn.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">19. Wǒ xiǎng </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font4"> toufa.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">20. A: Nī yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juǎn</span><span class="font4"> toufa ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Bu yào, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuīgān</span><span class="font4"> jiù kéyi le.</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">21. shū tou</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">I want to have my hair done tomorrow do I need to make an appointment?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No. If you come before eight in the evening there won’t be any problem.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How much do you want cut off?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I want five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font4"> cut off.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s still a little long.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want to try leaving it a little longer? I’m sure it will look good.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d like to get a permanent.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want to have your hair curled?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, just blow-dry it and that will be fine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to comb/brush one’s hair</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">problem,” </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi wèntí</span><span class="font4"> can also be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Kě bu kéyi qǐng ni gei wo wen Could you please ask about this zhèijiàn shi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter for me?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Méi wèntí. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No problem.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font4">: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fēn</span><span class="font4"> originally meant ’’one tenth.” You have also, seen it meaning ’’one cent” (1/10 of a dime, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mao</span><span class="font4">). As a unit of length, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn </span><span class="font4">is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun). We have drawn a ruler marking off </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cùn</span><span class="font4"> (’’inches&quot;) and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fēn</span><span class="font4"> so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.</span></p>
<p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;’ cùn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">English inches</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ySu diǎn</span><span class="font4">: Used before a state verb, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you (yì)diǎn</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;a little, slightly,*’ as in:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you yidiǎn rè &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little hot</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you yidiǎn nan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a little difficult</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The use of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you yidiǎn</span><span class="font4"> deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yidiǎn nan</span><span class="font4"> (which is incorrect) for &quot;a little difficult&quot; instead of the correct form </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you yidiǎn nan</span><span class="font4">. Remember to put in that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font4">.’</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìyishi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to try, to give it a try&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;to try&quot; in the sense of &quot;to experiment.&quot; It does not mean &quot;try&quot; in the sense of &quot;to make an effort&quot; to do something.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yídìng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;certainly, surely, for sure, definitely)’’ Literally, sentence 18 means &quot;I think it will surely be good-looking,&quot; which can be translated more smoothly as &quot;I’m sure it will look good.&quot; The phrase &quot;I’m sure . . .’’ will often translate into Chinese as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wo xiǎng . . . yíding . . .</span><span class="font4"> , for example:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m sure you’ll like it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ xiǎng tā yídìng lái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m sure he’ll come.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng toufa</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to get a permanent&quot; The use of the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font4"> for &quot;to get a permanent&quot; has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tang</span><span class="font4"> originally meant (and still does) &quot;to scald&quot; or &quot;to apply heat to&quot; something. For example, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng yǐfu</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;to iron clothes.&quot; The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Beijing</span><span class="font4"> (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diàn tàng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;electric permanent.&quot; After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tàng</span><span class="font4"> continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lěng tàng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;cold permanent.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juǎn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to curl, to roll up&quot; You will find this verb used in many contexts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. ECurly hair is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">juǎnfà</span><span class="font4">, straight hair is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhífà</span><span class="font4">.I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuǐgān</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to blow-dry&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chuī</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;to blow, to puff&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gān</span><span class="font4"> is the adjec-tival verb &quot;to be dry.&quot; These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: &quot;to blow until dry&quot; or &quot;to blow with the result that (something) becomes dry.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chuǐgān</span><span class="font4"> and the English word &quot;blow-dry,&quot; look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word &quot;blow&quot; and just say &quot;to dry someone’s hair,&quot; whereas in Chinese you cannot use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gān</span><span class="font4"> to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gān</span><span class="font4"> in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cāgān</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;to wipe (something) dry.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Canadian woman (C) walks into the Beijing Hotel hairdresser’s. First she talks with the cashier in front (A). Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Jīntiān rén zhème duo, wo míngtiān zài lai ba. Qǐng wen, wo kě bu kéyi yùyuē?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bu bì yùyuē, nín děng shífēn zhōng jiù you dìfang le.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">There are so many people today. I’ll just come back tomorrow. May I ask, can I make an appointment?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No need to, there will be a seat if you just wait ten minutes.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Qǐng zuò. Nín xiang zěnme zuò? Yào bu yao jian duān yidiǎnr?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">Have a seat, please. How would you like it done? Do you want it cut a little shorter?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">C: Wo xiǎng wǒde toufá you yidiǎnr cháng le, zuì hǎo jiǎnyijiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">B: Jiǎn duōshǎo? Wǔfēnr gòu bu gou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Wǔfēnr? ’’Wǔfēnr&quot; shi shénme yìsi?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: ō, wǔfēnr jiù shi zhème yidiǎnr.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Ou, jiǎn wǔfēnr hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo, women xiān gěi nín xī tóu, jiǎnduǎn, ránhòu zài zuò.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Hǎode.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nín yào tàng hǎishi yào juǎn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wǒ bù xǐhuan tàng, jiù Juǎn-yijuǎn hǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo, jiù juǎnyijuǎn, chuīgǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You shihour tàng toufa ye hěn hǎo kàn. Xiàyicì nín kéyi shìyishi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Hǎo, xiàcì wǒ shìyishi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think my hair is a little long, I’d better have it cut a little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How much? Is five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen</span><span class="font4"> enough?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen?</span><span class="font4"> What does ’’five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen”</span><span class="font4"> mean?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen</span><span class="font4"> is this much. (Holds her thumb and index finger five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen </span><span class="font4">apart.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, (it would be good to) cut off five </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fen</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right, first we’ll give you a shampoo and cut, and then set it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want to have a permanent or do you want to have it curled?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t like permanents. Just curl it a little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, I’ll just curl it and blow-dry. Sometimes a permanent looks very good, too. Next time you can try . one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, next time I’ll give it a try.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(Afterwards, the woman gets up and the the front of the shop.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: XǏ tou yíkuài qian, jiǎn tou . yíkuài wǔ, juǎn fà wǔ kuài wǔ, chuigǎn yíkuài wǔ, o, yígòng shi jiǔkuài wǔmáo qian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Zhèr shi shíkuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Bù, zhǎo nín wǔmáo qian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Zàijiàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">barber takes her to the cashier at</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A dollar for a shampoo, a dollar and a half for a cut, five fifty for the set, a dollar and a half for blow drying, urn, altogether that’s nine fifty.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Here’s ten dollars, keep the change.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, here’s fifty cents change.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Good-bye.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Good-bye.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tipping is not permitted, in the PRC. This is why the harber insists on giving the woman her change.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the hairdresser.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ yào zuò shénme yang-zide tou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wo méiyou zuòguo toufa, měicì dōu shi xǐyixǐ, Jiǎnyijiǎn, chuǐgǎn jiu hǎo le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Zhèicì yào bu yào shìyishi ne?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wǒ xiǎng wo juǎn toufa dàgài bù hǎo kàn.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">(A shows B a photograph.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ kàn, zhège yàngzi hěn hǎo kànde, zhī juǎn yìdiǎndiǎn, nǐ yào bu yào shì yíxià?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo, wǒ shì yíxià.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan. . . . Nà wo jiù bù jiǎn le, toufa chǎng yidiǎn zuòde hǎo kàn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">What style do you want it, Miss?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve never had my hair done before, every time I’ve just had it washed, cut and blow-dried, and that’s it.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Would you like to try this time?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think I probably wouldn’t look good with my hair curled.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo, xièxie ni.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bu kèqi.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Miss, look, this sample is very pretty. It's only a little curled. Would you like to give it a try?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, I’ll give it a try.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’m sure you'll like it. . . . Well, then, I won’t cut it. The set will look better if the hair is a little long.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Thank you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You’re welcome.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hěn hǎo kànde</span><span class="font4">: The -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font4"> here means &quot;that's how it is.&quot; This usage is typical of southern dialects.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎndiǎn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;a very little bit&quot;, less than </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yidiǎn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 3, Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">ànmo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">massage</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bú yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">don’t</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cā chuí bèi chuǐgān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to rub, to wipe</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to pound (someone's) back</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to blow-dry (with a dryer)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">one tenth of a Chinese inch (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cùn</span><span class="font4">)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">gānjing guā</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">guā húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to be clean</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to scrape</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to shave (the beard)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">beard OR mustache</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Jiǎn juǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to cut (with scissors) to curl, to roll up</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">liǎngbiān liú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">both sides, two sides</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">liú húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to grow, to let grow; to leave to grow a beard or mustache</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">méi wèntí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">no problem</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nòng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">nòng gānjing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to do, to handle, to manage, to make to clean up</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shi shì(yi)shi shūfu shū tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to try</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to give it a try to be comfortable to brush or comb hair</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tàng toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to get a permanent hair (on the head)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">wèntí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">question, problem</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">w XI xǐ tou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to wash</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to shampoo, to get a shampoo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yídìng you you shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">certainly, surely, for sure oil, grease</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be occupied, to be busy, to have things to do</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">you (yì)diǎn yùyuē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">a little bit, somewhat to make an appointment (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuò toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to do one’s hair, to have one's hair done</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">43</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit h </span><span class="font4">In the Home</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Yanking</span><span class="font4"> gēn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐpiàoběn</span><span class="font4"> dōu c </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">2.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Xiǎoběnzi</span><span class="font4"> zài wo xǐzhuāng </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǒudàil</span><span class="font4">i.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Zhàoxiàngjǐ</span><span class="font4"> zài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngzil</span><span class="font4">i.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">1*. &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ dàile yíge </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lùyīnjǐ</span><span class="font4">, duì bu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">duì?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">5. Wo méi dài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǒushi</span><span class="font4"> lai.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Nǐ bǎ nǐ dàide dōngxi dou xiě t zai </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnbàodǎns</span><span class="font4">hang le ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. ; Wǒ dàile èrshi</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Juǎn lùyǐndài</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">8. Wǒ zhǐdao hěn duo Zhōngguo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùnu </span><span class="font4">bú dài shoushi, suóyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lai.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">9. Qǐng nǐ bǎ xiāngzi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎkai gěi</span><span class="font4"> wo kànkan.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Méi shì le</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">11. Nī yào dàide dōngxi dōu </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùbei-</span><span class="font4">hǎo le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">I have both my glasses and checkbook with me (on me).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My notebook is in my suit pocket.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My camera is in the suitcase.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You have a tape recorder with you, don’t you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I didn't bring any Jewelry with me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have twenty reels of recording tape with me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I knew that a lot of Chinese women don’t wear jewelry, so I didn’t bring any either.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Please open your suitcase and let me take a look.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Everything is all right OR There’s no further business.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Have you got all the things you want to take with you ready?</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">12. zhīpiào</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">check (as in personal check)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎnjìng</span><span class="font4">: ’’eyeglasses” Don’t mix this up with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎnjǐng</span><span class="font4">, &quot;eye.” In Běijīng speech these words are pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎnjìngr</span><span class="font4"> (&quot;eyeglasses”) and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎnjing</span><span class="font4"> (&quot;eye&quot;), keeping them even more distinct from each other.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐpiàoběn</span><span class="font4">: ’’checkbook” </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhǐpiào</span><span class="font4"> is a ’’check,&quot; literally &quot;pay-ticket.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Běn(r)</span><span class="font4"> is a booklet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to bring&quot; This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).&quot; They are different words, however, written Vith different characters ( for &quot;to bring&quot; and for &quot;to wear&quot;). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say &quot;I have . . . with me&quot; or &quot;l have ... on me&quot; when Chinese says literally, &quot;I have brought It</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoběnzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;notebook,&quot; literally &quot;small book.&quot; In Reference List sentence No. 2, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoběnzi</span><span class="font4"> is translated specifically as &quot;address book.&quot; Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning (&quot;notebook, booklet&quot;), but picks up the specific translation from the context.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiāngzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;box, trunk, case&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiāngzi</span><span class="font4"> corresponds to the English &quot;suitcase, <sup>ir</sup>&quot;while </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xíngli</span><span class="font4"> is the equivalent of ’’luggage.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēnbàodān</span><span class="font4">: &quot;declaration form&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shēnbào</span><span class="font4"> is the verb &quot;to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pan</span><span class="font4"> is the noun meaning &quot;bill, list, note.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiě zai shēnbàodānshang</span><span class="font4">: &quot;write it on the decl' &quot;&nbsp;.■&gt; ion form&quot; Notice that the place phrase (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài . . . shang</span><span class="font4">) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other &quot;results&quot; also show up). Compare these two sentences:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zài zhuōzishang xiě zì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write (with paper) on the desk.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Bu yào xiě zai zhuōzishang! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t write on the desk! (Said to a</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">child making marks on the table.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùnu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;womenwomankind&quot; This the term for &quot;women&quot; in the general sense. The term </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nurén</span><span class="font4"> is less polite and more biological: &quot;female.&quot; (in Taiwan, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fùnu</span><span class="font4"> refers only to married women. Nude may be used for &quot;women, woman.’’)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ zhidao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnu bú dài shSushi, suōyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lai</span><span class="font4">:The first verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4"> means ”to wear,&quot; and the second verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4"> is ”to bring with one.&quot; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo kànkan</span><span class="font4">: &quot;open the suitcase for me to take a look&quot; or &quot;open the suitcase and let me take a look.&quot; You have learned </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> as a main verb &quot;to give&quot; and as a prepositional verb meaning &quot;for&quot; (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng ni gěi wo huànhuan</span><span class="font4">, &quot;Please change it for me&quot;). In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">examples:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ba xiǎngzi dǎkai </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi wo</span><span class="font4"> kànkan open the suitcase for me to take a look</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">niàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi women</span><span class="font4"> tīngting &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;read it aloud for us to listen</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">mǎi neidīng màozi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi tā</span><span class="font4"> dài &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;buy that hat to give to her to wear</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zuò nèige diǎnxīn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi háizi</span><span class="font4"> chi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make that pastry for the child to eat</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> comes after the verb, it can mean either ”to give” or ’’for, let.” For example, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ nèiběn shu nāchulai gěi wo kànkan</span><span class="font4"> could mean either &quot;Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,’’ &nbsp;OR ’’Take out the</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).’’ &nbsp;The</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">context will help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">CAUTION: &nbsp;Although </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> is sometimes idiomatically translated as &quot;to let,&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you should not take this to mean that English &quot;to let&quot; may always be trans</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">lated into Chinese with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4">. There is a very limited correspondence between &quot;let” and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4">. Usually you will translate ’’to let&quot; as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ràng</span><span class="font4">, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mei shì le:</span><span class="font4"> ’’Everything is all right now” OR &quot;There's no further business.&quot; Here, this means &quot;Now that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn’t anything further we need to take up.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùbeihǎo le</span><span class="font4">: &quot;prepared&quot; You have already learned the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔnbèi</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to prepare, to get ready&quot; or &quot;to plan to.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yùbei</span><span class="font4"> is a close synonym.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yùbeihǎo</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhùnbèihǎo</span><span class="font4"> both mean &quot;to get all ready.&quot; The ending </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-hǎo</span><span class="font4"> on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman is going through customs in Guǎngzhōu (Canton).</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">M: Nī bǎ nī dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodǎnshang le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Dōu xiě le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ dàile yíge zhàoxiàngjǐ, yíge</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">lùyīnjǐ, yíge shōuyīnjī, duì bu dui?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Duì le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, I wrote everything.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You have a camera, a tape recorder and a radio with you, don’t you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Right.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ dàile duōshǎo lùyīndài?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ dàile shǒushi meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo zhīdao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bú dài shǒushi, suoyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ dàile duōshǎo Měijīn?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo dàile sānqiān wùbǎikuài.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Qǐng ni bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">women kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Hǎo. Xièxie ni. Méi shi le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ kéyi zǒu le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">How much tape do you have with you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have twenty reels with me. .</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you have any jewelry with you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I knew that many Chinese women don’t wear jewelry, so I didn’t bring any jewelry either.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How much American money do you have with you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have three thousand five hundred dollars.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Please open your suitcase and let us take a look.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Certainly.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, thank you. Everything is all right. You may go now.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking on a trip.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ yào dàide dōngxi dōu yùbeihǎo</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xiǎng wǒ dōu yùbeihǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yǎnjìng gēn zhǐpiàoběn dōu dài le. Xiǎoběnzi zài wǒ xīzhuāng kǒudài lǐmiàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī shuō nǐ.yào zhào xiàng.<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark38">4</a></sup> <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark39">5</a></sup>&nbsp;Nī</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dài zhàoxiàngjǐ le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo dài le. Zài xiāngzili.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">just before the husband is to leave</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Have you got all the things you want to take with you ready?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think I have them all ready. I have my glasses and my checkbook with me. My address book is in my suit pocket.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You said you wanted to take pictures. Do you have your camera with you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes. It’s in my suitcase.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">it. Nǐ zhù fángzi háishi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">15. Zhèige fángzi yígòng you jǐge </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángjiān</span><span class="font4">?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">16. Zhèige fángzi you sān</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">j ián wòshì</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">IT- Wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4"> ni kànkan.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">18. Women bǎ fángzi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zūchuqu</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">19. Women xiǎn dào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kètīng</span><span class="font4"> zuò yíxià, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hē</span><span class="font4"> diǎn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chá</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">20. Zhèige fángzi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎoxiàng</span><span class="font4"> hěn dà.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">21. Zènme dàde fángzi, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo wèishēng </span><span class="font4">hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">máfan</span><span class="font4"> ba?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">22.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Píngcháng</span><span class="font4"> Xiǎo Lan gēn wo yìqǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shōushi wūzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">23. Women dào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàntīng chǐ fàn</span><span class="font4"> qu ba.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">2t. Wǒ shi zìjī </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò fàn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">25. chúfáng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">26. xǐzǎofáng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">27. shūfáng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">28. wòfáng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">Do you live in a house or an apartment building?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How many rooms does this house/ apartment have?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This house/apartment has three bedrooms.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll take you and show you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">We rented out the house/apartment.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let’s first go and sit in the living room and drink some tea.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This house/apartment seems very large.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It must be a bother to do the cleaning with such a large house.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Usually Xiǎo Lán straightens up the place (rooms) with me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let’s go to the dining room and eat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I do my own cooking.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kitchen</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bathroom</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">study, library (of a house)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bedroom (alternate word for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wòshì</span><span class="font4">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐmende gōngyù you jǐjiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many rooms does your apartment</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">fángjiān? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">But you would use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dānyuán</span><span class="font4">, ’’unit,” not </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù</span><span class="font4">, for ’’apartment&quot; in</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèige gōngyùlōu you duō- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How many apartments are there</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shao dānyuán? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this apartment building?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his ’’apartment,&quot; in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángzi</span><span class="font4">. In other words, any type of residence—house or apartment—can be called a </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángzi</span><span class="font4">. Use the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù</span><span class="font4"> when you need to distinguish clearly between &quot;apartment&quot; and &quot;house.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jiǎn</span><span class="font4">: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jian</span><span class="font4">, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dài</span><span class="font4">: This is the verb you learned meaning &quot;to bring (along), to take (along).&quot; Here it is used with the extended meaning of &quot;to take&quot; or &quot;lead&quot; someone to a place.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ dài ni qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll take you there.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xiàwu qíng ni dài háizi dào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the afternoon, please take the</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gōngyuán qu wánr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children to the park to play.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zūchuqu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to rent out&quot; The verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zū</span><span class="font4"> by itself means &quot;to rent&quot; in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">from</span><span class="font4"> the owner. Contrast:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ ba fángzi zūchuqu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I rented out the house,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ zūle yige fángzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I rented a house (to live in).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kètíng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;living room,&quot; literally, &quot;guest-hall.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào kèting zuò yíxià</span><span class="font4">: . &quot;go to the living room and sit a while&quot; This is roughly the equivalent of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào kètíng qù zuò yíxià</span><span class="font4">. The verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qù</span><span class="font4"> is sometimes omitted after a </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font4"> phrase when the meaning of &quot;go&quot; does not need to be emphasized.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">he chá</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to drink tea&quot; This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">He chá</span><span class="font4">, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a beverage.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">2. Don’t ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎoxiàng</span><span class="font4">: ”to seem, it seems as if” Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Tā haoxiàng bù dong.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">He seemed not to understand. OR He didn’t seem to understand.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Nī hǎoxiàng bú tài xīhuan zhèige fángzi.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">You don’t seem to like this house too much.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Nī hǎoxiàng zài xiǎng shenme shi.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">You seem to be thinking about something.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Tā gēge hǎoxiàng chángcháng shēng bìng.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">His older brother seems to get sick very often.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎoxiàng</span><span class="font4"> is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎoxiàng</span><span class="font4"> is best translated as ”lt seems to me that . . .’’or ”l think . . .’’or &quot;l seem to remember . . . .” Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Wǒ hǎoxiàng zài nǎr kànjianguo zhèige zì.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">It seems to me I’ve seen this character somewhere before.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Nī hǎoxiàng gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn shìqing.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">I seem to remember your telling me about this before.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Zài nèige shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù zài Jiāzhōu.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">At that time, he was still living in California, I think.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Mǎiguo hǎoxiàng meiyou zhèige, duì bu dui?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">It seems to me you don't have this in America, do you?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo wèishēng</span><span class="font4">: ”to. clean,” literally &quot;to do sanitation&quot; This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to do,&quot; originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Beijing</span><span class="font4">. In Taiwan, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo</span><span class="font4"> does not have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve‘b.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">máf an</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient&quot; In the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Money</span><span class="font4"> module, you learned the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">máfan</span><span class="font4"> for &quot;to bother, to incon-venience (someone),&quot; as in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mafan nǐ le</span><span class="font4">, &quot;Sorry to trouble you.&quot; Here you learn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mafan</span><span class="font4"> as an adjectival verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nà tài mafan le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s too much trouble</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhēn mafan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What a bother.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngcháng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;usually, generally, time words, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pingcháng</span><span class="font4"> may come before before the verb.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">ordinarily&quot; Like other two-syllable or after the subject, but always</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Píngcháng</span><span class="font4"> women dōu zài kètīng kàn diànshì.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Women </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngcháng</span><span class="font4"> dōu zài kètīng kàn diànshì.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Wǒ píngcháng jiūdiǎn zhōng cái xià ban.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">We usually watch television in the living room.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t usually get off work until nine o’clock.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shōushi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)&quot; or &quot;to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things).&quot; Use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shōushi</span><span class="font4"> when you’re talking about neatening up a place, use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo wèishēng</span><span class="font4"> when you’re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC Land </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎo qīngjié</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to (soap and water) clean&quot; in Taiwan].</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā hǎoxiàng you bànnián méi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It looks as if he hasn’t picked</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shōushi wūzi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;up his place in half a year.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ kuài yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, Pack your things quickly, we want women yào zǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to leave.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wūzi</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángjiān</span><span class="font4">: Both of these words means &quot;room, chamber.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wūzi </span><span class="font4">is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fángjiān</span><span class="font4"> rather than </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wūzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàntīng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;dining room,&quot; literally &quot;meal-hall.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǐ fàn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to eat,&quot; literally &quot;eat food.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fàn</span><span class="font4"> is literally, &quot;cooked rice,<sup>H</sup> but in the expression </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǐ fàn</span><span class="font4"> it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn shū</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to study&quot; or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuō huà</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to speak.&quot; (See BIO, Unit 7.) This verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǐ</span><span class="font4"> may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">píngguǒ</span><span class="font4">, ’*apples,&quot; as in:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ chile yíge píngguǒ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I ate an apple.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">But if you mean &quot;eat” in the.sense of ”to eat food&quot; or &quot;to have a meal,&quot; then you should use the general object </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fan</span><span class="font4">:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ chī fan le meiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have you eaten? (Have you eaten</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">a meal?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā zuì ài chi fan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He loves to eat most of all.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò fan</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to cook,&quot; literally &quot;to make food.&quot; This is another verbgeneral object combination. As with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī fan</span><span class="font4">, the verb alone may be used with more specific objects.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chúfáng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;kitchen,&quot; literally &quot;kitchen-room.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīzaofáng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;bathroom&quot; This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīzǎo</span><span class="font4">, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means &quot;to take a bath.Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cèsuǒ</span><span class="font4">, &quot;toilet;&quot; or use the polite Westernized term, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīshǒujiān</span><span class="font4">, &quot;washroom.&quot; In rural areas, you would ask where the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cèsuǒ </span><span class="font4">is.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the 1950’s may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cèsuǒ zài náli?</span><span class="font4"> Another polite way to ask is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ keyi yòng yixia nīmende cèsuǒ ma?</span><span class="font4"> &quot;May I use your toilet?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shūfáng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;study,&quot; literally &quot;book-room.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wòfáng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;bedroom,&quot; literally &quot;sleeping-room.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wòfáng</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wòshì</span><span class="font4"> are both used for &quot;bedroom.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fl: You! Nīmen jiā hěn piàoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shōushide zhēn gānjìng! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and clean!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F2: Xiexie ni. Women xiān dào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you. Let’s first go and sit</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kètīng zuò yíxià he diān chá. in the living room a while and and drink some tea.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Fl: Hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F2: Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào Taizhǒng qù le. Jīntiān wǎnshàng Jiù shi women liǎngge rén chī fan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fl: Na women yìqī zuò fan, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F2: Bú yòng le. Chúfāng hěn xiǎo. Wo yījīng bǎ wǎnfàn dōu yùbeihǎo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fl: ō, zhèige fangzi hǎoxiàng hěn dà. Nīmen yǒu jījiān wòshì?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F2: Zhèige fángzi bú tài dà. Women you liangjian wòshì. Zài kè-tīng yòubiān. Kètīng zuǒbiān you yíge shūfáng. Píngcháng women dōu zài shūfáng kàn diànshì. Wǒ dài ni kànkan, zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fl: Hěn hǎo.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Fine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My husband has gone to T’aichung on business. This evening it will be Just the two of us eating.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Well then, let’s cook together, all right?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">There’s no need to. The kitchen is small. I’ve already prepared dinner.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, this house seems to be quite large. How many bedrooms do you have?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This house isn’t very large. We have two bedrooms. They are to the right of the living room. To the left of the living room there’s a study. We usually watch television in the study. Would you like me to show you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Sure.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">F2: Hǎo, women dào fàntīng qu chī fàn ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Fl: Hǎojíle.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Okay, let’s go to the dining room and eat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Great.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào Tái zhǒng qu le</span><span class="font4">: &quot;My husband has gone to T’aichung on business.” More literally, &quot;My husband had some business and went to T’aichung.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Nǐde Jiā zài Měiguo shenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where is your home in America?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dìfangr?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">M: Zài Huáshèngdùn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Ní you fángzi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Women you yige fángzi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Ní lái Běijīng, fángzi zěnme ban?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Women bǎ fángzi zūchuqu le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nímende fángzi dà bu da?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Bu hěn da, yě bù hěn xiao. Lōuxià you kètīng, fàntīng, shūfáng, gēn chúfáng. Lou-shàng you sānjiān wòshì gēn liǎngjiān xízǎofáng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Ou, you zhème duō fángjiān.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Gao wèishēngde shihour hěn máfan ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Bú tài máfan. Háizimen dōu dà le. Tāmen yě gǎo wèishēng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Ní xíhuan bu xíhuan ní xiànzài</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zhùde gōngyù?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Mámahūhū. Zhèrde gōngyù hái kéyi.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">In Washington.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you have a house?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, we do.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When you came to Běijīng, what did you do with the house?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">We rented it out.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is your house large?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s not very large and it’s not very small. Downstairs there’s the living room, the dining room the study, and the kitchen. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, there are so many rooms. It must be troublesome when you do the cleaning.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s not too troublesome. The children are all grown up. They do the cleaning, too.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you like the apartment building where you’re living now?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">So-so. The apartment buildings here aren’t too bad.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái keyi</span><span class="font4">: Literally ’’still okay,’’ this phrase actually means &quot;isn’t too bad.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
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<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">29. Háizi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐngl</span><span class="font4">e yǐhòu </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiao</span><span class="font4"> tāmen xǐ liǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
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<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">30. Wǎnshàng </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuì jiao</span><span class="font4"> yīqián jiào tāmen </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuā yá</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐzāo</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
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<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">31. Xǐle liǎn gěi tāmen hē </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">niúnǎi</span><span class="font4">■</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">32. Bǎ háizi gěi wo, wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bàoy</span><span class="font4">ibào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">33. Wang </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ayí</span><span class="font4">, háizimen chi fan yǐhòu děi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuì wǔjiào</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
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<p><span class="font4">3U. Rè </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuǐ shāoh</span><span class="font4">ǎo le meiyou?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">35- Guo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎlùd</span><span class="font4">e shihou yào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoxln</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">36. yágāo</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">37. shūshu</span></p></li></ul>
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<p><span class="font4">After the children wake up, have them wash their faces.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Before they go to sleep at night, have them brush their teeth and take a bath.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When they’ve washed their faces, give them some milk to drink.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Give the baby to me, I’ll hold him.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Auntie Wang, after they’ve eaten, the children have to take a noontime nap.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Have you heated up the hot water?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Be careful when crossing the street.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">toothpaste</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">uncle</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to wake up&quot; This is </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">a</span><span class="font4"> process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: &quot;to become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.&quot; In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mei</span><span class="font4"> (not </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font4">— this is not a state verbJT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bìng_ (’’to get sick,&quot; not &quot;to be sick&quot;), you also face here. When you are thinking in English of &quot;He IS NOT awake,&quot; you should think &quot;He HAS NOT awakened&quot; in Chinese.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Tā xǐngle meiyou?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Tā hái méi xǐng.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">He is not awake yet.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to ask, to order, to tell (someone to do something)&quot; This is a</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Fùqin Jiao hāizimen huílai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The father told the children to</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">come back.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ jiào ta guòlai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask him to come over.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuì jiao</span><span class="font4">; ”to sleep, to go to bed&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā bādiǎn zhong Jiù shuì Jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock (already).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ Jīdiǎn zhǒng shuì Jiao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What time do you go to bed?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā měitiān shuì bāge zhōngtǒu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He sleeps eight hours a night.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī shuìde hao bu hǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you sleep well?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī shuìhǎole ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you sleep well? &nbsp;OR &nbsp;Have you</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">finished sleeping?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuā yā</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to brush teeth&quot; Besides brushing teeth, you can </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuā yǐfu</span><span class="font4">, &quot;brush clothes,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuā xie</span><span class="font4">, &quot;brush (off) shoes.&quot; Do not use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuā</span><span class="font4"> for use for brushing hair, however Csee </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shū tou</span><span class="font4"> &quot;to comb or brush one’s hair, WLF, Unit 3). CThe noun for a &quot;brush&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuāzi</span><span class="font4">.1</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">niúnǎi</span><span class="font4">; Literally, &quot;cow-milk,&quot; and used </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">only</span><span class="font4"> to refer to cow’s milk. The word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nai</span><span class="font4"> by itself does not specify the kind of milk.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bào</span><span class="font4">; &quot;to embrace, to hug&quot; people, or &quot;to hold in one's arms&quot; a child, package, etc.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Lai, baba gěi ni bāobao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come, papa will hold you. (said to</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">child as he is handed from mother to father).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ayí</span><span class="font4">; &quot;auntie&quot; This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuì wǔjiào</span><span class="font4">; &quot;to take an afternoon nap,&quot; literally, &quot;sleep noon-nap.&quot; The </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǔjiao</span><span class="font4">, a nap after lunch, is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shāo</span><span class="font4">; &quot;to heat, to cook&quot; (Another meaning is &quot;to burn.&quot;) Since the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shāo</span><span class="font4"> by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you want to indicate &quot;boiling&quot; or &quot;heated up.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wo qù shāo diǎnr shuī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll go put some water on (the</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stove).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Rè shuī shāohǎo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The hot water has been heated up.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Shuī yījīng shāokāi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The water is already boiling.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎlù</span><span class="font4">: ’’paved road.” This is the word usually used for paved city streets. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mǎlù</span><span class="font4"> is literally ”horse-road,” that is, a road on which horses and people can go. A theory has also been advanced that the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎ</span><span class="font4"> is a transliteration of the first syllable of ’’macadam” (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎoxīn</span><span class="font4">: ”to be careful,” literally ’’small-heart.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">É, xiǎoxīn diǎnr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hey, be a little more careful!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shùshu</span><span class="font4">: ’’uncle” This is a term of affection used by children for older male friends of the family.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijīng.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">A: Wang Ayí, hǎizimen chī fàn yīhòu dei shuā yǎ, rǎnhòu zài shuì wǔjiào. Píngcháng tāmen shuì yìliǎngge zhōngtóu. Xīngle yīhòu gei tāmen xī liǎn, zài dài tāmen chūqu wánrwanr.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: &nbsp;&nbsp;Xiàwu sìwǔdiǎn zhōng gěi tāmen</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">he niúnǎi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">C: &nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen wǎnshàng yào chī shenme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ yījīng zuòhǎo lē. Dōu zài</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zhèr. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yīqián jiào tāmen shuā yá, xīzǎo. Haizimen yìtiān yào shuā sāncì yá.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Auntie Wáng, after lunch the children have to brush their teeth and then take their naps. Usually they sleep an hour or two. After they wake up, wash their faces for them, and then take them out to play.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">At four or five in the afternoon, give them some milk to drink.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What will they eat in the evening?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve prepared it already. It’s all here. At night before they go to bed, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. The children are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day. C: Hǎo.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huìmīn) and father (Tíngsōng) are at home:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Huìmīn, wǒ xiǎng he diǎn chá, Huìmīn, I want some tea, do you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">nī yào bu yào?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Yào, dànshi rè shuǐ méiyou le. Yes, but there’s no more hot water. Wǒ qù shǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll go put some on.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Bú yào, bú yào, wǒ zìjī qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, no, I’ll go myself.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hǎo, wǒ qù kànkan Xiǎo Bǎo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay, I’ll go check if Xiǎo Bǎo (the</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xǐng le méiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;baby) is up yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(They both leave the room. Later when Huìmīn (the wife) returns, Tíngsōng is sitting on the sofa.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Ting, Xiǎo Bǎo xǐngle. Nǐ bào Ting, Xiǎo Bǎo is up. You hold him yíxià. Wo qù bǎ niúnǎi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for a minute. I’m going to go</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">nònghǎo. ’ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get his (cow’s) milk ready.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;(To the baby) Lai, ràng bàba Here, let daddy hold you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bàobao.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(Huìmǐn comes in with a bottle and hands it to Tíngsōng.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: Nǐ kàn, shuì wǔjiào yǐhòu, tǎ Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhēn è.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, tā měicì dōu shi zhèiyang. Yes, he’s like this every time.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">‘&quot;Ting&quot; is the wife’s affectionate abbreviation of her husband’s name, Tíngsōng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">jj: ”to be hungry&quot;</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit U, Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">íyí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">auntie</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to hold, to embrace</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">chá</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chī fan chúfáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tea to eat kitchen</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dài dài dǎkai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to bring, to take with one to lead, to take</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to open</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fangjiǎn fanting fùnu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">room</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dining room women</span></p></td></tr>
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<p><span class="font4"><sup>ē</sup>w°</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gǎo wèishēng gōngyù gōngyùlóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to do, to engage in</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to do cleaning</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">apartment building; apartment</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">apartment building</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">hǎoxiàng he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to seem (to be), to appear that to drink</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-Jiǎn jiào .</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-juǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for rooms)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to tell/ask (someone to do something) reel (of recording tape); to curl,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to roll up</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">kètīng koudài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">living room pocket</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">liǎn lùyīndài lùyīnjī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">face (of a person) recording tape tape recorder</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">mǎfan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be troublesome, to be a bother;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">mǎlù</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">méi shi (le).</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bother, trouble</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">street, avenue (paved)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">niunǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">(cow’s) milk</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">píngchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">usually, generally, ordinarily</span></p></td></tr>
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<p><span class="font4">shǎo shāohǎole</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to heat; to cook</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have heated, up; to have finished</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shēribào shēnbàodān shōushi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shōushi (shōushi) shua</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shuā yà</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shūfáng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shui</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shuì Jiào</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shuì wǔjiào</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shūshu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cooking to declare, to report customs declaration (form) to tidy up Jewelry to brush to brush one's teeth study (room) water to sleep to take a noontime nap uncle</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">wòfāng wòshì wūzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bedroom . bedroom room</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xiāngzi xiǎobenzi xiaoxīn xīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">V w</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xizao xīzǎofang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">suitcase, box small notebook to be careful, to take care to wake up to take a bath bathroom</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">ya</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yágāo yǎnjìng(r) yùbei yǔbeihǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tooth, teeth toothpaste glasses (spectacles) to prepare</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have prepared</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhàoxiàngj ī zhīpiào zhīpiàoběn zūchūqu zuò fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">camera</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">check (as in personal check) checkbook</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to rent out</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to cook</span></p></td></tr>
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<p><span class="font4">PART I</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5 </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Minor Physical Complaints</span></p>
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<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1. A: Nǐ nar bù shūfu a?</span></p></li></ul>
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<p><span class="font4">B: Wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou téng</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">houlong</span><span class="font4"> yě you diǎnr téng.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">2. Wǒ xiǎng nǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎnmào</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3. Wǒ xiǎng wǒ bù </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎshǎo</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">U. N? zuì hǎo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chǐ</span><span class="font4"> diǎnr zhèige </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào </span><span class="font4">ba.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">5. A: Zuotiǎn wǒ qù </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn dàifu</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Nǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font4"> shénme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ késou.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">6. Nǐ dào něige </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīyuàn</span><span class="font4"> qù </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn bìng?</span></p>
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<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Liu Dàifu shi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèikē yīshēng </span><span class="font4">haishi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàikē yǐshēng</span><span class="font4">?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tong</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">āsīpīlín</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Where do you feel bad?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have a headache and my throat is a little sore.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think you’ve caught a cold.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t think I have a fever.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You’d better take some of this medicine.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yesterday I went to see a doctor.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What did you want treated?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have a cough.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Is Dr. Liu a physician or a surgeon?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to hurt (another pronunciation for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">téng</span><span class="font4">)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">aspirin</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">téng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to hurt, to ache&quot; When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern. For example &quot;I have a headache,&quot; in Chinese is literally &quot;As for me, the head hurts&quot;:</span></p>
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<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">téng.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">As for me,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">head</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">hurts.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎnmào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to catch a cold; a cold&quot; This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. CTo say &quot;to have a bad cold,&quot; use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎnmào hěn lìhai</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lìhai </span><span class="font4">meaning &quot;severe.&quot;J</span></p>
<div style="border-bottom:solid;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ gǎnmào le.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">I’ve caught a cold.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐde ganmào hǎo yìdiǎn le ma? Is your cold a little better now?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāshāo</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to have a fever,&quot; literally, &quot;develop-fever&quot; This may be used as a state or a process:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">STATE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a fever.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ bù fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t have a fever.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ you diǎn fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m a little feverish.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">PROCESS</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ fāshāo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have a fever (more literally, &quot;I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">have developed a fever&quot;).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ méi fāshāo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t have a fever (more literally</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">&quot;I haven’t developed a fever&quot;).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ fāshāo yīhòu jiu bù xiǎng After the fever came on, I didn’t chī dōngxi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feel like eating anything.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī diǎn zhèige yào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;take some of this medecine,&quot; literally, &quot;eat medicine,&quot; is the way to say, &quot;to take medicine.&quot; Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">he</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to drink,&quot; but one still usually says </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn dàifu</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to see a doctor&quot; Also </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn yīshēng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ děi qù kàn dàifu.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">I have to go see a doctor.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ kàn shénme?:</span><span class="font4"> In another context, this could mean &quot;What are you</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">looking at?&quot; Here, however, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font4"> is used in the sense of &quot;to have (a medical complaint) treated&quot; or <sup>rt</sup>diagnosed&quot; by a doctor.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ qù kàn gǎnmào le ma?</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Did you go have that cold of yours treated?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde houlong bú tài shūfu, děi qù kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèige bìng děi dào dà yīyuàn qù kàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">késou</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to cough&quot;</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">My throat, doesn’t feel too well; I’ll have to go get it treated.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">For this illness you have to go to a large hospital to get it treated.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèikē</span><span class="font4">: (1) &quot;department of internal medicine&quot; (of a hospital), or (2) &quot;internal medicine&quot; (as a field). </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèi</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;internal&quot; and kē means either (1) &quot;department, section&quot; or (2) &quot;branch (of a study).&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yishēng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;doctor,&quot; literally, &quot;heal-er.&quot; In Beijing, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàifu</span><span class="font4"> is the more conversational word and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yishēng</span><span class="font4"> the more formal. In Taiwan, however, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàifu</span><span class="font4"> is not used much.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèikē yishēng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;physician&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàikē</span><span class="font4">: (1) &quot;department of surgery&quot; (of a hospital), or (2) &quot;surgery,&quot; (the branch of medicine).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàikē yishēng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;surgeon&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tong</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to hurt, to ache,&quot; another pronunciation for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">těng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">āsipīlín</span><span class="font4">: &quot;aspirin&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">āsipīlín</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">àsipilíng</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">àsipilíng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A man from Shànghǎi (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Beijing.</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Ni shuō &quot;tou tong&quot; háishi &quot;tou téng&quot;?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Beijing rén dou shuō &quot;tou téng,&quot; wǒ xiǎng &quot;tong&quot; shi nímen Shànghǎi rén shuode. Zěnme? Ni xiànzài tou téng a?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Ng, wǒ you diǎnr téu téng.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Shi ma? Nī hǎi you nǎr bù shūfu?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Houlong yě you diǎnr téng, hěn xiǎng chī diǎnr lěngde dōng-xi. Wǒ yídìng shi gǎnmào le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Fā shāo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Dàgài bù fā shāo, wǒ méi juéde rè.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Do you say </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou tong</span><span class="font4"> (&quot;to have a headache&quot;) or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou téng</span><span class="font4">?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">People from Beijing all say </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou téng</span><span class="font4">. I think </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tong</span><span class="font4"> is what is said by you people from Shànghǎi. Why? Do you have a headache now?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you? Where else do you feel bad?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My throat hurts a little, too. I really feel like having something cold to eat. I must have caught a cold.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you have a fever?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Probably not, I don’t feel hot</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(OR haven ’ t felt hot).</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Jīntiān xiàwu women ‘bu qu gōngyuánr le, nī zài jiā xiūxi xiuxi &quot;ba. Wǒ xiànzài qù gěi ni mai diǎnr yào, míngtiān zài dài ni qù kàn dàifu.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">This afternoon let’s not go to the park. You rest a little at home. Right now I’ll go buy you some medicine, and tomorrow I’ll take you to see the doctor.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">A: Hǎo ba!</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Okay!</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Běijīng, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter’s illness:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nī zhǎo wo yǒu shénme shir a?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Xiǎo Huá gǎnmàole, késoule yíge xīngqī le, jīntiān fāshāo fāde hěn gāo, houlong yě hěn téng.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Are you looking for me for something in particular?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xiǎo Huá caught a cold and has been coughing for a week. Today she has a very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nī dài ta qù kànguo le ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Kànguo le. Tā chīle hěn duō yào, kěshi hái méiyou hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Nà wǒ qù zhǎo wǒ yíge zài Běijīng Yīyuàn gōngzuōde péngyou, tā shi wàikē yīshēng.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Have you taken her to have it treated?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Yes. She’s taken a lot of medicine, but she still hasn’t gotten better.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Then I’ll go look up a friend of mine who works at the Běijīng Hospital. He’s a surgeon.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: Wàikē yīshēng! Xiǎo Huá késou, fāshāo, zěnme qù kàn wàikē?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">A surgeon! Xiǎo Huá is (just) coughing and has a fever. Why go to see the surgery department?</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Ou, wǒde yìsi shi qīng wǒde nèige péngyou gěi Xiǎo Huá zài nèikē yùyuē yige shíjiān. Tā you hěn duō nèikēde péngyou.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, I mean I’ll ask that friend to make Xiǎo Huá an appointment in the department of internal medicine. He has a lot of friends in the department of internal medecine.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Hǎo, nà jiu tài máfan nín le.</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">A: Zhèi méiyou shénme. Jīntiān ràng Xiǎo Huá duō xiūxi xiuxi. Dàgài míngtiān jiu kéyi qīng dàifu gěi ta kàn le.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">All right, then I'll trouble you to do that. (OR I’m putting you to too much trouble.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This is nothing. Today have Xiǎo Huá get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can probably ask a doctor to treat it for her.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">rang</span><span class="font4">: ”to let, to allow, to have (someone do something)&quot; This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">...duo xiūxi xiuxi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;rest a lot&quot; The adjectival verb &quot;to be many, to be much, to be a lot&quot; is used here as an adverb modifying the verb &quot;to rest&quot;, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiūxi</span><span class="font4">. As an adverb, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">du5</span><span class="font4"> may mean &quot;a lot,&quot; &quot;more,&quot; or &quot;too much,&quot; depending on the context. In </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">du5 xiūxi xiuxi</span><span class="font4"> it obviously means &quot;a lot&quot; or &quot;more.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Yǐhou, wǒ yào duō xiàng nín xuéxí.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">From now on, I shall learn from you more.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">Duō shuō yě bù hǎo, shǎo shuō It isn’t good to say too much, nor yě bù hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is it good to say too little.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Lǐfà yíhòu xiǎng chuí yixia bèi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If you want to have your back pounded</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shi bu shi yào duō gěi qian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' after a haircut, do you have to pay</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">extra?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Some students get into the bad habit of always translating </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font4"> as &quot;more.&quot; Remember that the adverb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font4"> can also mean either &quot;a lot&quot; or &quot;too much.&quot; Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō chi yidiǎnr!</span><span class="font4"> Since you haven’t yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, &quot;Have some more&quot;; it simply means &quot;Eat amply.&quot; We might say in English, &quot;Have as much as you like,&quot; or &quot;Help yourself.&quot; Here are some more examples showing </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duō</span><span class="font4"> does not always mean &quot;more.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèizhong píngguo zènme piǎnyi a? Nà women jiu duō mǎi diǎnr ba!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Duō lǎile yíge rén.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā duō gěile shíkuài qian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Duō mǎi jǐběnr.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">These apples are this inexpensive? In that case, let’s get a whole bunch of them!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">One person too many came.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He gave ten dollars too much.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Buy a few extra volumes.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">Contrast </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō lǎile yíge rén</span><span class="font4">, &quot;One person too many came,&quot; with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">You lǎile yíge rén</span><span class="font4">, &quot;One more person came.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART II</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dùzi</span><span class="font4"> hěn bù shūfu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">My belly Clower abdomenH feels bad.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B: Nǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiè dù</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Do you have diarrhea?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ tóu </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yūn</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiang tù</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I’m dizzy and nauseous.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A: Nǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐwēn</span><span class="font4"> shi duōshǎo?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">What’s your temperature?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B: Sānshibādù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Thirty-eight degrees.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wo you </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèibìng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I have stomach trouble.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ you diǎnr </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàbiàn bù tōng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">I’m a little constipated.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ni </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tang</span><span class="font4"> zài zhèr.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Please lie down here.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ni bǎ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngyǐ tuō</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Please undress down to the waist.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(Please take off your upper clothing.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Āiyòu</span><span class="font4">!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Ouch!</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ni gěi wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font4"> ge </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàofāng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Please write a prescription for me.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ tàitai </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēng bìng</span><span class="font4"> shēngde hěn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lìhai</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">My wife is seriously ill.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">lā dùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to have diarrhea</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">21.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">xiǎobiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to urinate; urination</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dùzi</span><span class="font4">: ’’'belly, lower abdomen” This has often been translated as &quot;stomach,” but actually when sqnieone -says </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ dùzi téng</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ dùzi bu shūfu</span><span class="font4">, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as &quot;stomach,&quot; in the looser sense of &quot;belly,&quot; for example:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nèige rénde dùzi hěn dà. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That man has a big stomach/belly.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ dùzi è le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m hungry. (Literally, &quot;My</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stomach is hungry.’’)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A colloquial expression for &quot;to be pregnant&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dùzi dà le</span><span class="font4">, literally, the abdomen has become big,&quot; or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dà dùzi le</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiè du</span><span class="font4">: ”to have diarrhea” There are several expressions for ’’diarrhea” in Chinese; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiè dù</span><span class="font4"> is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lā dùzi</span><span class="font4">, below.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yūn</span><span class="font4">: ”to be dizzy&quot; Often used after </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou</span><span class="font4">, &quot;head&quot;: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tou yūn</span><span class="font4">. Pronounced with the Falling tone, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùn</span><span class="font4">, this word is used in the expressions </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùn chē</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to be carsick/trainsick,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùn chuan</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to be seasick,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùn fēijī</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to be airsick.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ kàn shū kànde tou dōu yūn I’ve been reading so much that le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m dizzy!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(In this sentence, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font4"> doesn’t mean &quot;all,&quot; but &quot;even, to such an extent that.&quot; This type of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font4"> is always used with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font4"> at the end of the sentence.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tù</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to vomit&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎng tù</span><span class="font4">, literally &quot;to feel like vomiting,&quot; means &quot;to feel nauseous.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐwēn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;body temperature&quot; Only used for the temperature of a body. CThe general word for &quot;temperature&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wēndù</span><span class="font4">, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.2 L</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tīwēnbiǎo</span><span class="font4"> is a medical thermometer.3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-dù</span><span class="font4">: &quot;degree&quot; This noun does not take a counter.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèibìng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;stomach trouble; gastric disease,&quot; literally, &quot;stomach illness.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàbiàn bù tōng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to be constipated&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàbiàn</span><span class="font4"> (literally ’’major-convenience) means ”to have a bowel movement&quot; or &quot;feces.<sup>1</sup>’ (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎobiàn</span><span class="font4">, &quot;minor-convenience,&quot; means &quot;to urinate&quot; or &quot;urine.&quot;) </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù tōng</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;doesn’t go through, is blocked up.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tang</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to lie, to recline&quot; Notice that the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font4"> phrase goes after the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǎng</span><span class="font4"> in the sentence </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qing ni tǎng zài zhèr</span><span class="font4">. This is because the </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài </span><span class="font4">phrase shows the result of the verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǎng</span><span class="font4">: you end up being here (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài zhèr</span><span class="font4">) as a result of the action of lying (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǎng</span><span class="font4">). </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tǎngxià</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǎng xiàlái</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;to lie down.&quot; In some of the following sentences, notice that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǎng</span><span class="font4"> corresponds to &quot;be in bed.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā gǎnmào le, tǎngle yìtiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He got a cold and stayed in bed</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā xihuan tǎngzhe kàn shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He likes to read lying down.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yijīng bādiǎn zhōngle, nī hái It’s eight o’clock already, and tǎngzhe ne! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you’re still in bed!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tǎngxialai xiūxi yihuīr ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lie down and rest for a while.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngyī</span><span class="font4">: &quot;upper garments&quot; CAlso sometimes means &quot;coat.&quot;3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tu5</span><span class="font4">; &quot;to take off&quot; (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuān</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to put on.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Kuài ba dàyī tuōxialai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Come on and take off your coat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā zhèng tuōzhe yīfu, jìnlai Right when he was taking off yige rén. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his clothes, someone came in.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ni tuōle xie zài jìnqu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please remove your shoes before</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">going in.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">*This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font4">, usually translated as &quot;hurry up and ...&quot; sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài</span><span class="font4"> indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">”ln Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font4">: You have seen </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi</span><span class="font4"> meaning &quot;to open.&quot; Here it means &quot;to write out&quot; a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shēng bìng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to get sick&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shēng</span><span class="font4"> means literally, &quot;to develop, to happen.”</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā shēng bìng le</span><span class="font4"> means virtually the same thing as </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā bìng le</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jīnnián chūntiān shēng bìngde Lots of people are getting sick rén hěn duō. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this spring.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā shēng bìng shēngle liǎngge He has been sick for two weeks xīngqī le, hái méi hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now and hasn’t recovered yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ hái shēngzhe bìng ne, zěnme You're still sick; how can you kéyi chūqu?.' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;go out ?!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā shēngde shi shénme bìng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What illness is it that he has?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lā dùzi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to have diarrhea,&quot; improper, word for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiè dù</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">a more colloquial, but not at all</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā lā dùzi lāde hěn lìhai.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">He has a bad case of diarrhea.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">A man in Taipei calls a doctor’s office to ask what he should do for his wife's illness.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wei.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Hello.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Wei, qǐngwèn Zhang Yīshēng zài bu zài?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Hello, is Dr. Zhāng there, please?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Zhang Yīshēng xiànzài zài kàn bìng. Qǐngwèn nǐ y8u shi ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Dr. Zhāng is seeing patients now.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What can I do for you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">W3 tàitai shēng bìng le, bìngde hěn lìhai. Tā cóng zuótiān kāishǐ tóu yūn, fāshāo. Zuótiān tǎngle yìtiān, jīntiān zāoshàng hái fāshāo, dùzi yě hěn bù shūfu, hái tù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">My wife is very sick. Yesterday she began to be dizzy and to run a fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed all day, but this morning she still had a fever, and she has abdominal pains, and she’s even vomiting.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Tā xiè dù ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Does she have diarrhea?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Xièle jǐcì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">She’s had it a few times.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Tāde tǐwěn shi duōshǎo?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">What’s her temperature?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">N, sānshibādù wǔ.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Uh, 38.5 degrees.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ gěi tā chī shénme yào le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Have you given her any medicines?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Tā bù néng chī yào, měicì chīle dōngxi jiù tù.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">She can’t take medicines, every time she takes any food or drink she vomits.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Nà nǐ mǎshàng ba ta song dao zhèli lái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">In that case bring her here right away.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Hǎo. Women mǎshàng jiù lái.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">All right. We’ll be there right away.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">N: Èrbǎiwǔshíhào!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Shì wǒ.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">N: Qīng jin.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">clinic.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Two hundred fifty!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">That’s me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Please come in.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Nī zěnme hù shūfu a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ tóu yūn, xiǎng tù, zǎoshang wǒ kāishī dùzi téng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Ou. Xiè dùzi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú xiè, hǎi you diǎnr dàbiàn bù tōng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Ég? Qīng nín bǎ shàngyī tuōle, tǎng zài zhèr, wǒ tīngting. Zhèr téng ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bù téng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Zhèr ne?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Āiyòu! Zhèr hěn téng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Nī cóngqiǎn yǒu wèibìng ba?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Xiǎode shihou you, kěshi hěn duō niǎn méiyou téngguo le. Zuó-tiān wǎnshàng yòu kāishī bù shūfu le. Yèli shuì jiào yě shuìde bù hǎo, xīngle hǎo jīcì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Hǎo, wǒ gěi ni kāi ge yàofāng. Chile yào, xiūxi xiuxi, yàoshi bù hǎo, xiàge xīngqī zài lǎi kànkan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Hǎo, xièxié ni!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the matter with you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’m dizzy, nauseaous, and since this morning my ’’stomach&quot; has been upset.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh.. Any diarrhea?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No, I’m even a bit constipated.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh? Undress down to.the waist, please, lie down here, and I’ll have a listen. Does it hurt here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">How about here?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Ouch! It hurts there!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Have you ever had stomach trouble before?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">When I was a child I did, but I haven’t had any pain for many years. Last night it began to feel bad again. During the night I slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">All right. I’ll write you a prescription. After you take the medicine, get some rest, and if it doesn’t get better, come and see me again next week.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, thank you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">22. A: Nǐ liángguo tǐwēn le meiyou?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">B: Liángguo le, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wēndù</span><span class="font4"> bù gāo, sānshiqǐdù duō yidiǎn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">23. Nǐ yào duō xiūxi xiūxi, duō he </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāishuǐ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">21+. Wǒ gěi ni liáng yíxià </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuěyā</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">25. Wo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuěyā gāo</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">26. Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng zhǎo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēnj iū</span><span class="font4"> dàifu gěi ni kànkan?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">27. liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">28. kāi dāo</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">29- dī</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Have you taken your temperature?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes. My temperature isn’t high, a little over 37 degrees.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You need to rest a lot and drink a lot of (boiled) water.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’m going to take your blood pressure.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have high blood pressure.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Do you want to see an acupuncturist?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">influenza, flu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to operate; to be operated on</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be low</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liáng</span><span class="font4">: ”to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures. It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǐwēn and wēndù</span><span class="font4">: Both of these are translated as &quot;temperature” in the sentences above, but they should be distinguished. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tǐwēn</span><span class="font4"> is literally ’’body temperature&quot; and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wēndù</span><span class="font4"> is literally &quot;temperature degree&quot; and is generally used in measuring heat or cold.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ wūzilide wēndù shi duōshǎo? What’s the temperature in your room?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">CThere is another word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìwēn</span><span class="font4">, literally &quot;air temperature,&quot; used, for example, used in weather reports.3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wēndù bù gāo</span><span class="font4">: &quot;the temperature is not high&quot; Normal body temperature (98.6' F) is 37'Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāishuǐ</span><span class="font4">: ’’boiled water” This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāishuǐ</span><span class="font4"> is served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuěyā</span><span class="font4">: &quot;blood pressure,&quot; literally &quot;blood pressure.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xuěyā gǎo</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;high blood pressure,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuěyā dǐ</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;low blood pressure.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēnjiū</span><span class="font4">: &quot;acupuncture and moxibustion&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēn.1 iǔ</span><span class="font4">. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is based on the idea that the body’s energy (qì) forms an integral system which must be maintained for good health. This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qì</span><span class="font4">. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times, a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ xiǎng bu Xiǎng zhao zhenjiu dàifu gěi ni kànkan?</span><span class="font4">: This has been translated on the Reference List as Do you want to see an acupuncturist?&quot; which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: &quot;Do you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;influenza, flu,&quot; literally &quot;epidemic cold.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liúxíng</span><span class="font4">: the verb &quot;to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-Xing </span><span class="font4">means &quot;quality, characteristic,&quot; and when used as a suffix corresponds to &quot;-esque&quot; in &quot;picturesque,&quot; or &quot;-like&quot; in &quot;childlike.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liúxíngxìng</span><span class="font4"> is then &quot;having the characteristic of being prevalent,&quot; specifically &quot;epidemic.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi dāo</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to operate; to be operated on,&quot; literally &quot;to open or operate the knife.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">In Běijǐng a worker pays a return visit</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Chile wǒ gěi nide yào, hǎo yìdiǎnr le ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Háishi tou téng, houlong téng, shuì jiào shuìde hěn bù hǎo, yèli chángcháng xǐng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Wě kànkan nide houlong.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: A.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">to a health clinic.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Are you a little better after having taken the medicine I gave you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I still have a headache, and I’m not sleeping well at all. I often wake up at night.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let me have a look at your throat.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Ahhh.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">D: Nīde hóulong hěn hong. Qǐng bǎ shàngyī tuōle. Kesou yisheng.* Hǎo. Nǐ xiān liángliang tǐwēn, ránhòu wǒ zài gěi n? liáng xuěyā. . . . Wēndù bù gāo, sānshiqī dù. Nī cōngqián you xuěyā gāo ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Měiyou.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Jīntiān nīde xuěyā you diǎnr gāo, dàgài shi zuōtiān yèli shuìde bù hǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Yishēng, yíge lībài le, zěnme hái méi hǎo?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">D: Liúxíngxìng gǎnmào hěn bù róngyi hǎo. Wǒ gěi.nī kāi ge yàofāng, zài chī diǎnr āsīpīlín. Nī hái yào duō hē diǎnr kāishuǐ, duō xiūxi xiuxi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Hǎo, xièxie nǐ.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Your throat is very red. Please take off your upper clothes. Cough. Okay. First I’ll take your temperature, and then I’ll take your blood pressure. . • . Your temperature isn’t high, 37 degrees. Have you had high blood pressure before?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Your blood pressure is a little high today. It’s probably that you didn’t sleep well last night.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Doctor, it’s been a week. How come I’m still not better?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Influenza is really not easy to get rid of. I’ll write you a prescription, and you take some more aspirin. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) water, and get a lot of rest.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, thank you.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kěsou yishēng</span><span class="font4">: Literally, ’’cough one sound.” </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-Sheng</span><span class="font4"> is the counter for utterances.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">aiyou āsīpīlín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">ouch; oh dear aspirin</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">chī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to take (medicine)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dàbiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bowel movement</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dàbiàn bù tōng dàifu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dī</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-dù</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to be constipated doctor to be low</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">degree (e.g., on a thermometer) belly, abdomen, stomach</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fāshāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to have a fever</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">gǎnmào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to catch cold; a cold</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">houlong (houlong)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">throat</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">kāi dāo</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kāi yàofāng kāishuī kàn bìng kàn dàifu késou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to operate; to be operated on</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to write a prescription</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">boiled water</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have an illness treated/diagnosed to see a doctor</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to cough</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">lā dùzi liáng liáng tīwēn lìhai</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to have diarrhea</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to measure</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to take a person’s temperature to be severe, to be fierce influenza, flu</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">nèikē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">internal medicine, general medicine;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nèikē yīshēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">department of internal medicine internist, physician</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shàngyī shēng shēng bìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">upper garment</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to develop (as in </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">sheng bìng</span><span class="font4">) to get sick, to become ill</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">téng (tong) tīwēn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tou</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tou téng tù</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to lie, to recline to hurt, to ache (body) temperature head</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have a headache; headache to vomit</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to take off (clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàikē</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wàikē yishēng wèi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wèibìng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wēndù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">surgical department</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">surgeon</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stomach</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stomach trouble, gastric disease temperature</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xiǎng tù xiǎobiàn xiè dù(zi) xuěyā xuěyā dī xuěyā gāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to feel nauseous</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to urinate; urination to have diarrhea</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">blood pressure low blood pressure high blood pressure, hypertension</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yào yàofāng(r) yishēng ylyuàn yūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">medicine prescription doctor hospital to be dizzy</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">acupuncture and moxibustion</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Personal Welfare Module, Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">1.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Zāogāo</span><span class="font4">! Zěnme bàn? Wǒde hùzhào</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diū</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">2. Wǒ xiǎng nǐ děi dào </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jǐngchájú </span><span class="font4">qù zhǎo </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">j ǐngchǎ</span><span class="font4"> tányitan.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">3. Jǐngchájú yǒu </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fānyì</span><span class="font4"> ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">&quot;</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàishì&quot;</span><span class="font4"> jiù shi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo</span><span class="font4"> rénde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìqing</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">5. Wǒ bǎ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiàshǐ zhízhào</span><span class="font4"> diū le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">6. Jīntiān zǎoshang wo cái </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn </span><span class="font4">diū le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">7. Wǒ xīwàng néng kuài yìdiǎnr </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐng</span><span class="font4"> yíge xīnde.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">8.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Yàoburán</span><span class="font4"> bù néng kāi chē, bù fāngbian.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">9. Nǐ qù </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiang</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">10. Gōng’ānjú</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">11. wàishì jǐngchá</span></p></li></ul>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, no! What am I going to do? I’ve lost my passport.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think you should go to the police station and find a policeman to talk it over with.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Are there interpreters at the police station?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">&quot;Wàishì” means matters having to do with foreigners.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve lost my driver's license.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">I</span><span class="font4"> didn’t discover I’d lost it until this morning.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I hope I can get a new one quickly.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Go and have your picture taken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Bureau of Public Security</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">foreign affairs policeman</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zāogāo</span><span class="font4">: ’’too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,” literally, ”rotten-cake.&quot; This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to &quot;Oh no!&quot;:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zāogāo! Wǒ wàngle dài fēijī- Oh, no! I forgot to bring the piào le! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;plane tickets!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">As an adjectival verb, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zāogāo</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;to be in a mess, to be in a bad state,&quot; as in:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Nàrde qíngxing hěn zāogāo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèiběn shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā hěn zāogāo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yàoshi zhèige bìngrén láide zài wan yìdiānr jiù zāogāo le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diū</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to lose&quot; You can analyze this way:</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">The situation there is a mess.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This book is terribly written.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He’s in a very bad way.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">If this patient had come any later than he did, he would have been in a real mess (in big trouble).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">the sentence Wǒde</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span><span class="font4">hùzhào</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> diū le</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde hùzhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">diū le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">As for my passport,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">(it has been) lost.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diào </span><span class="font4">instead of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diū</span><span class="font4">: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒde hùzhào diào le</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fānyì</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fānyi</span><span class="font4"> (with a neutral-tone </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yi</span><span class="font4">).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shìqing</span><span class="font4">: &quot;matter, affair, business, thing.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shìqing</span><span class="font4"> refers to abstract things, while </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōngxi</span><span class="font4"> refers to concrete things.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàshǐ zhízhào</span><span class="font4">: &quot;driver’s license&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàshǐ</span><span class="font4"> is &quot;to drive (a vehicle).&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhízhào</span><span class="font4"> is a &quot;license, permit.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to discover, to find, to find out&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ zài zhèr fāxiànle yige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ve discovered a problem here,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wèntí.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèi shi gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng This is </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">a</span><span class="font4"> new kind of medicine xǐnde yào. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which has Just been discovered.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The object of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font4"> may also be a clause:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ huílaile yǐhòu Jiu fāxiàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When I came back I discovered that</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tā yǐjīng zǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;he had already left.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The expression </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ fāxiàn . . .</span><span class="font4"> can often be translated as &quot;I notice that . . .&quot;or &quot;I find that ...&quot; It often prefaces a personal observation, as in:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ fāxiàn hěn duō Měiguo rén Juéde you háizi hěn máfan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ fāxiàn ní hěn xīhuan xīnde dōngxi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">As a noun, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font4"> means &quot;discovery&quot;:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhèi shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">I find that many Americans feel that it’s a lot of trouble to have children.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I notice (or, &quot;I get the impression&quot; that you like new things very much</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">This is a very important discovery.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font4">: &quot;then and only then, not until&quot; This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: &quot;not until this morning.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cai</span><span class="font4"> is the opposite of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font4">, the word for &quot;then&quot; when something happens sooner or earliei When a sentence using </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font4"> describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāxiàn</span><span class="font4"> in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā zuōtiān cái gàosu wo.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">He didn’t tell me until yesterday.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kuài yidiǎnr</span><span class="font4">: &quot;a little more quickly,&quot; or as in No. 7, </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;soon.&quot;</span><span class="font4"> </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kuài yidiǎnr</span><span class="font4"> gives the impression of being even sooner than </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǎo yidiǎnr</span><span class="font4">. Both mean &quot;soon.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ling</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to receive, to get, to pick up, to collect&quot; something that is issued or given (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoburán</span><span class="font4">: &quot;otherwise,&quot; literally &quot;if-not-thus.&quot; Like </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kěshi</span><span class="font4"> &quot;but&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dànshi</span><span class="font4"> &quot;but, however,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yàoburán</span><span class="font4"> always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ děi mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ Jiù wǎn le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ děi zuò fēijī qù, yàoburán Jiù tài màn le.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">I have to go right away, otherwise I’ll be late.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I have to take a plane, otherwise it’ll be too slow.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiàng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to take a picture,&quot; literally, &quot;illuminate-image.&quot; You already learned z</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">hàoxiàngjī</span><span class="font4">, &quot;camera,&quot; in WLF Unit U, Part I. The counter for </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font4"> &quot;pictures&quot; is -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhāng</span><span class="font4"> (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things). </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhào jIzhāng xiàng</span><span class="font4"> thus means &quot;to take a few pictures.&quot; (When NOT using the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font4"> as the object of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào</span><span class="font4">, however, you should use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàopiàn</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàngpiàn</span><span class="font4"> for &quot;photograph.&quot;)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Like many verb-object expressions, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiang</span><span class="font4"> has the potential ambiguity of meaning either ’’to (verb) an (object)” or ”to have an (object) (verb)-ed&quot;: ”to take a picture&quot; or &quot;to have one’s picture taken.” You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:</span></p>
<div>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">jiǎn toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">cut hair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">one’s hair cut</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">xǐ tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">give a shampoo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">get a shampoo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">guā húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shave</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">a shave</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cā píxīē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shine shoes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">one’s shoes shined</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tàng toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">give a permanent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">get a permanent</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">juǎn toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">curl hair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">one’s hair curled</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhào xiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">take a picture</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">one’s picture taken</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">For example,</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">in the case of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiàng</span><span class="font4">,</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">a photographer might say </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ qù</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiang</span><span class="font4">, &quot;I am going to take pictures&quot;; but a person going to a photographer's studio might say the same sentence, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ qù zhào xiang</span><span class="font4">, meaning &quot;I am going to have my picture taken.”</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely Causes any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on whom the action is performed, you have to use a </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> phrase (you can’t make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say &quot;I’m going to take a picture of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font4">,’* say:.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Likewise:</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi nǐ</span><span class="font4"> zhào xiàng.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">Tā tàitai gěi ta jiǎn toufa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;His wife cuts his hair.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhào xiàng</span><span class="font4"> might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàopiàn</span><span class="font4">, &quot;photograph,&quot; and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhàoxiàngguǎn</span><span class="font4">, &quot;photography studio.’’)</span></p>
<div>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ jīntiān zhào xiàng qu le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Zhào shenme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma?</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">A: Bú shi a. Yīnwèi wǒ yào līng hùzhào, děi you zhàopiàn, suoyi wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào xiàng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Here &quot;A&quot; meant by his first sentence but ”B'</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Today I went to take pictures/ to have my picture taken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What did you take pictures of?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Did you take pictures of scenery?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">No. I’m going to get a passport and need photographs, so I went to a photo studio and had them take my picture.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">&quot;Today I went to have my picture taken, understood him to mean &quot;Today I went to take pictures.&quot;</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàishì jǐngchá</span><span class="font4">: &quot;foreign affairs policemen,&quot; those who deal with foreign nationals.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">DIALOGUE. FOB PANT I</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A foreign official in Běijīng talks with a Chinese colleague.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ jīntiān zěnme lái zenme wan? How come you are so late today?</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zhen zāogāo!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zěnme le?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ bā jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ shi zuò chūzū qìchē láide.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zài nār diūd’a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wǒ bù zhīdào. Jīntiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le. Wǒ zěnme bàn? Yào dào jǐngchájú qù ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ wènyiwèn Gōng’ānjū zěnme gěi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ni lǐng yíge xīnde.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ xīwàng néng kuài yìdiānr.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yàoburán bù néng kāi chē bù fāngbiàn.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nà nǐ xiān qù zhào xiàng. Wǒ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gěi ni wènwen zěnme bàn.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">It’s just awful!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What happened?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ve lost my driver’s license. I had to come by taxi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Where did you lose it?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I don’t know. I didn’t discover</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’d lost it until this morning.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What am I to do? Should I go to the police station?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll ask the Bureau of Public Security how to get you a new one.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I hope it will be soon. Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Well, then, you go and get your picture taken. I’ll ask for you what you should do.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài nār diūd’a?</span><span class="font4">: &quot;Where did you lose it?&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">d’a</span><span class="font4"> is a contraction of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">de </span><span class="font4">and a^. The whole sentence would be </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ shi zài nār diūde a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">12. Ai! </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shéi</span><span class="font4"> lai </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bangbang máng</span><span class="font4">!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">13. Tā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font4"> qìchē </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhuàng</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">1U. Tā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qí mǒtuǒchē</span><span class="font4"> qíde tài kuài le.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">15- Wǒde </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tuǐ téngsǐ</span><span class="font4"> le!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">16. Nǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú xuě</span><span class="font4"> le ma?</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">17. Women xiān bǎ tā </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tai</span><span class="font4"> dao </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">lù-biānrs</span><span class="font4">hang qu ba.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">18. Wǒde tuǐ </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dòngbuliǎo</span><span class="font4">, dàgài </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gútou duàn</span><span class="font4"> le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">19- Qǐng ni </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎshàng</span><span class="font4"> gěi yīyuàn </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">20. Bié </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhāo j í</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">21. Wǒ zài zhèr </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kānzhe</span><span class="font4"> ta.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">22. -liáng</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">23. jiùhùchē</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Hey! Will someone please come help!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He was hit by a car.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He was driving his motorcycle too fast.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My leg is hurting me to death!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Are you bleeding?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let’s first carry him to the side of the road.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I can’t move my leg, the bone is probably broken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Please call the hospital immediately.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Don’t get upset.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll stay here and look after him</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(counter for vehicles)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ambulance</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shěi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;someone&quot; The question word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font4"> &quot;who&quot; can also be used to mean &quot;someone.&quot;</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">object of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font4"> (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qìchē</span><span class="font4"> in sentence 12)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde zìdiān bèi xuésheng názou le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā bèi rén dǎsǐ le.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font4">: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English &quot;by&quot; in passive sentences. In sentences with </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bèi</span><span class="font4"> it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) which received the action and the which did the action.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">My dictionary was taken by a student.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">He was beaten to death by someone, (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎsǐ</span><span class="font4"> is literally &quot;hit to death) </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bèi</span><span class="font4"> has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒde xīn qìchē bèi zhuàng le. tty new car was hit.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wode yúsǎn bèi názǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;My umbrella was taken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qí</span><span class="font4">: ”to ride/drive by straddling” While </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò</span><span class="font4"> is the verb &quot;to ride&quot; generally -and specifically when sitting down, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">qí</span><span class="font4"> is the verb &quot;to ride&quot; used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">téngsǐ le</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to hurt a lot,&quot; literally &quot;to hurt to death (figuratively speaking)&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú xuě</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to bleed,&quot; literally &quot;to flow blood&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xuě</span><span class="font4"> is also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiě</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuè</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">tai</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to lift or carry (by two or more persons)&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng ba zhèige zhuōzi tai- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please carry this table in (with me</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">jìnlái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or someone else).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Qǐng bǎ zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli Please carry (with me or someone else) táishang chē qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;these two large suitcases onto the</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">train.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Bǎ diànshì táixià lóu lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bring the television downstairs</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">with me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dong</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to move (either oneself or something else)&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Bié dong! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don’t move.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xiān bú yào dòng ta. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let's not move him just yet.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dong</span><span class="font4"> can also mean &quot;to touch&quot; something, so </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Biě dòng</span><span class="font4"> can also mean &quot;Don't touch it.&quot;)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dòngbuliǎo</span><span class="font4">: &quot;unable to move&quot; &quot;unable&quot; are used with action verbs</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">The endings -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">deliǎo</span><span class="font4"> &quot;able&quot; and -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">buliǎo </span><span class="font4">to show the result of the action.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zènme duō xíngli, wǒ yíge rén nábuliǎo.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā kāi dāo bù jiu, hái zǒu-buliǎo lù.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Xià zhème dà yú. Xiànzài zǒubuliǎo.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">I can't carry all this luggage by myself.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It hasn't been long since the operation. She's not yet able to walk.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It's raining so hard. We can't leave now.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">mǎshàng</span><span class="font4">: ’’immediately, right away,” literally ”on a horse”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font4">: ”to make a phone call,” literally ”to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you are calling, use the prepositional verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font4"> ’’for, to.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ gěi shéi dǎ diànhuà? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who are you calling?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Lǎo Wang you gěi ni dǎ diàn- Lǎo Wang called you again, huà le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">The noun </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diànhuà</span><span class="font4"> by itself can mean either ’’telephone” or ’’telephone call.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ hái méiyou diànhuà ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you still without a phone?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yǒu nǐde diànhuà. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There’s a call for you.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Sometimes you can use </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">diànhuà</span><span class="font4"> where English would have ’’telephone number”: </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐde diànhuà shi duǒshao</span><span class="font4">?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎojí</span><span class="font4">: ”to get upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī tài zhāojí. Women zhèr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You’re too anxious/worried. We</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">méiyou shénme wèntí. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;don’t have any problems here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kān</span><span class="font4">: ”to look after (something)” The verb </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font4"> ”to look, to see” changes tones when it means ”to look after something.”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nī qù Xiānggǎngde shihou, shéi Who’ll be looking after your house gěi ni kān fángzi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;when you go to Hong Kong?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Shéi gěi ni kān háizi? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Who looks after the children (OR</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">babysits) for you?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zhe</span><span class="font4">: This is the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe ta</span><span class="font4"> ”1’11 stay here and look after him,” the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhe</span><span class="font4"> can be used whether the time is past, present or future.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā zài nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiǎo Lán pǎoJ inlai gàosu ta bàba huílai le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">She was sitting there when Xiǎo Lán ran in and told her papa had returned.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Tā hái bìngzhe ne.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">He’s still sick. (The -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhe</span><span class="font4"> tells you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhe</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bìng </span><span class="font4">means ’’get sick,” not ”be sickT*<sup>5 </sup></span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ne</span><span class="font4"> tells you this is not a new situation [absence of changel.)</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Zuòzhe ba.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Sit for a while.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">DIALOGUE FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">cycle (A) who has just had an accident</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wèi, lai bangbang máng!</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Zěnme le?</span></p></li></ul>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">A: Zhèiwèi tōngzhì bèi wǒ zhuàng le.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">B: Bèi nǐ zhuàng le? Zhèiliàng</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">métuōchē shi nīde?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A: Hài, bié shuō le. Wǒ qíde tài kuài, méi kànjian ta.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">C: Aiyo, wǒde mā yo . . . Aiyo!</span></p></li></ul>
<p><span class="font4">Tengsǐ wo le. . . . Wode tuǐ</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">with a pedestrian (C).</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hey, someone quick come help us!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What happened?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This comrade was hit by me.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hit by you? Is this your motorcycle?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(Sigh) Don’t even talk about it. I was riding too fast, I didn’t see him.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Ow, my mother’ . . . Ow! It hurts like crazy. ... my leg . . .</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: &nbsp;&nbsp;Liúle zhème duō xuě, zhēn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zàogāo! Xiànzài zěnme bàn ne? Women xiān bǎ ta tai dao lù-biānrshang qu ba!</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">C: &nbsp;&nbsp;Ao, wǒde tuǐ dòngbuliǎo, dàgài</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gútou duàn le.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">A: Wǒ xiǎng zuìhǎo xiān bú yào dong ta, wǒ zài zhèr, nī qù dǎ diànhuà jiào liáng jiùhùchē lai, zài dǎ ge diànhuà jiào j ǐngchá lái.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">He’s lost so much blood. This is terrible. What should we do now? First, let’s carry him to the side of the road.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, I can’t move my leg. It’s probably broken.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I think it would be best not to move him for the time being. I’ll stay here. You call for an ambulance, and then call for the police to come.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">B: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hǎo, nǐ zài zhèr kānzhe ta. Wo</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">mǎshàng jiù qù. (to C): Nèiwei tóngzhì nǐ Lie zhǎojí. Dale diànhuà jiùhùchē mǎshàng jiù dào.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Okay, you stay here and watch him.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’ll go right away, (to C): Don’t get upset, comrade. The ambulance will be here right after I call.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">A: Nín . . . nín kuài qù ba! Xièxie You . . . you go quickly! Thank you. nín le!</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">2U. Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">páizi </span><span class="font4">ma?</span></p>
<ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
<p><span class="font4">25. Wǒ méi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhùyǐ</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">26. Yǐhòu nǐ yào xiǎoxīn.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">27. Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yóuyǒng</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">28. Nǐmen zài zhèli youyǒng yǒu </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wéixiǎn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">29. Wǒ bú shi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gùyǐ</span><span class="font4"> Jìnlaide.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">30.</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Ràng</span><span class="font4"> wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">31. Zhèli shi </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jūnshǐ dìqū</span><span class="font4">.</span></p></li>
<li>
<p><span class="font4">32. Zhànzhu!</span></p></li></ul>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">Didn’t you see this sign?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I wasn't paying attention.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">From now on you must be careful.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You can’t swim here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It’s dangerous for you to swim here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I didn't enter here Cthe restricted areaJ on purpose.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Let me see your passport.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This is a military area here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Halt!</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">páizi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;sign, poster, plate,&quot; also a &quot;brand name, trademark&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ mǎide shi shénme páizide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What brand of camera did you buy?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zhàoxiàngjǐ?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nèige hong páizishang xiěde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is written on that red</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shi shénme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sign?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhùyǐ</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to pay attention to, to take notice of&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ méi zhùyǐ tā shi gēn shéi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn't notice who he left with,</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zǒude.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zhùyǐ dianr! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please pay a little more attention!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù kéyi</span><span class="font4">: &quot;cannot&quot; Of the three auxiliary verbs </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">huǐ</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font4">. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font4"> is the one to use when the &quot;can&quot; or &quot;cannot&quot; is due to someone granting or withholding permission.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">youyǒng</span><span class="font4">: ”to swim”</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ huì &quot;bu huì youyǒng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you swim?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ youyǒng youde bú tài hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don’t swim too well.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wéixiǎn</span><span class="font4">: ”to be dangerous, to be perilous&quot; Also pronounced </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">weixiǎn</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Zài Tǎiběi qí mōtuōchē tài &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It's too dangerous to ride a motorcyle</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wéixiǎn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Taipei.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā bú pà wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu He's not afraid of danger. He'll yào zuò. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;do anything.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gùyì</span><span class="font4">: &quot;intentionally, willfully, on purpose&quot;</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā gùyì bǎ nèixiē shū diū le. She lost those books on purpose.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú shi gùyì (zuò)de. I'm sorry, I didn't do it on</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">purpose.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ràng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;to let, to allow, to cause (someone to do something).&quot; This is a prepositional verb, i.e. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ràng</span><span class="font4"> and its object both precede the main verb.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Tā bú ràng wǒ zǒu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She won't let me leave.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Nǐ zěnme kéyi ràng tā zenme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How could you make her so unhappy!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bù gāoxìng?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">A Canadian man (M) has just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him.</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hài! Zhànzhu!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Shénme shir?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Ou, duìbuqǐ. Wǒ méi zhùyì.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nǐ shi nǎiguo rén na?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo shi Jiānādà rén.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Hey! Halt!</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What's the matter?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Didn't you see this sign?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying attention. I didn’t enter here intentionally.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What's your nationality?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I'm Canadian.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Rang wo kànkan nīde huzhào.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Mm.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(The policewoman writes down his name</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Yīhòuzhùyì diǎnr. Bié zài</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zǒucuò le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Wo zhīdao le.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">Let me see your passport.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Mm.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">and passport number.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">From now on pay more attention.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Don’t walk into the wrong place again.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Now I know.</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE '</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdao le</span><span class="font4">: ’’now I know,” or &quot;I understand” This is the marker </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font4">for new situations.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">An American woman and her two children Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Èi! Shànglai! Nīmen shànglai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;You shénme shi a?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nīmen bù kéyi zài zhèli</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">youyǒng.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Wèishénme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Nī méi kàndao nèige páizi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Kàndao le, búguò . . .</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Páizishang shuō shénme?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: Duìbuqī, wǒ bú huì kàn Zhōngwén.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">M: &nbsp;&nbsp;Zhèli shi jūnshì dìqū. Bù kéyi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">youyǒng. Nīmen zài zhèli youyǒng you wéixiǎn. Xiàcì bú yào zài lái le.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">F: &nbsp;&nbsp;Hǎo. Xièxie ni.</span></p>
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<div>
<p><span class="font4">are swimming along the beach in</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Hey! Come up! Come up here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What’s the matter?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">You can’t swim here.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Why?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Didn’t you see that sign?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Yes, but ...</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">What does it say on the sign?</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">I’m sorry, I can’t read Chinese.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">This is a military area here. You can’t swim. It’s dangerous for you to swim here. In the future you shouldn’t come here any more.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Very well. Thank you.</span></p>
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<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàcì bú yào zài lái le</span><span class="font4">: ”in the future don’t come here again (any more&quot; In addition to meaning &quot;next time,&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàcì</span><span class="font4"> can mean generally &quot;in the future.&quot;</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Unit 6, Vocabulary</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bang máng bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to help, to aid, to assist</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">’ -buliǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">unable to ... (verb ending)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dǎ diànhuà diànhuà dìqū diū dong dòngbuliǎo duàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to make a phone call, to telephone telephone, telephone call area, region to lose to move unable to move to sever, to break</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fānyì fāxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to interpret, to translate to discover</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Gōng’ānjú gutou gùyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Bureau of Public Security (PRC) bone intentionally, willfully, on purpose</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">Jiàshǐ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jiàshǐ zhízhào jǐngchá jíngchájú</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">J iùhùchē jūnshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot driver’s license</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">policeman</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">police station</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ambulance</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">military</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">kān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to look after, to watch over</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">-liáng lǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for vehicles)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to collect, to pick up (something which is issued)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liú xue (xiě, xuè) lùbiān(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to bleed side of the road</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">mǎshàng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">motuōchē (motuōchē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">immediately motorcycle</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">páizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">qí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">to ride by straddling</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">ràng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to let, to allow, to cause someone to do something</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shei shìqing</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-síle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">someone</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">matter, affair, business, thing like crazy, to death (state verb</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ending)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tai</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">téngsí le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to carry (by two or more people) to hurt like crazy, to hurt to</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">death (figuratively)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tuǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">leg</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàishì wàiguó</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wéixiān (wéixiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">foreign affairs</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">foreign country</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yàoburān yóuyǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">otherwise, or else to swim</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">zāogāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhāojí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to get upset, to be anxious, to be worried</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhào xiang</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">-zhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to take a picture</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">marker of duration for actions and states</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhuàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to bump into, to run into, to collide with</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhùyì (zhùyi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to pay attention, to take notice</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Appendix 1: Parts of the Body</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">abdomen ankle appendix arm</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fù(bù) jiǎowànzi lǎnwěi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gēbei, gēbo, shǒubì</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">back</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">blood</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">blood vessel</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bone</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">brain</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">breast buttocks</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bèi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xiě, xuě, xuè xuěguǎn(r) gutou, gǔtou nǎo(zi) rǔfáng, nǎi, rǔ pìgǔ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cheek chest chin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">miànjiǎ, sāi xiòngbù, xiōngtáng xiàba</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">ear elbow</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">eye eyeball eyebrow face finger fingernail foot</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">ěrduo</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">gēbeizhǒu(r)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yǎnjing</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yǎnzhūzi (colloquial), yǎnqiú</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">méimao</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">liǎn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shǒuzhítou, shǒuzhǐtou</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zhījia, zhǐjiǎ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">jiǎo</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">gums</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yǎchuáng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">hand head heart heel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shěu tou xīnzàng jiǎogěn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">intestines</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">chǎngzi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">joint</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">guānjié</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">kidney knee</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shèn(zàng)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">qīgài, xǐgài</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">leg lip liver lung</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tuǐ zuíchún gǎnzàng fèi</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mouth muscle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuǐ, kǒu jīròu</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">neck nerve nose</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">bózi shénj ìng bízi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">rib</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">lèigu, lègǔ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shoulder skin spine stomach</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">jiāhbǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">pífu jílianggǔ wèi; dùzi (belly)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tendon thigh throat thumb toe tongue tonsils tooth</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">jian, jin (colloquial) dàtuǐ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">houlong</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">mǔzhí</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">jiǎozhítou, jiaozhí</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shétou</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">biǎntáoxiàn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yá, yáchǐ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wrist</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wànzi</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">Parts of the body may have several t^rms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) &quot;arm&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēbei</span><span class="font4"> in the speech of Beijing, but </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǒubì </span><span class="font4">in some other parts of the country; (2) &quot;armpit&quot; is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēzhiwō</span><span class="font4"> in colloquial Beijing speech but </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yèwo</span><span class="font4"> in formal speech; (3) for &quot;stomach,&quot; the medical term is </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèi</span><span class="font4">; colloquially, it may be called </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèi</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">dùzi</span><span class="font4">; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">duzi</span><span class="font4">.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words which are either very informal or technical have been omitted.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometimes differ on how they divide the human body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known &quot;part of the body&quot; in English,, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the &quot;hip.&quot; Rather, Chinese has a word for &quot;buttocks&quot; .(formally, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">túribù</span><span class="font4">, or in spoken style, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">pìgu</span><span class="font4">) which includes the buttocks and hips below the hipbone.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Another example are the Chinese words </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiōngkǒu</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīnkou</span><span class="font4">, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs. (One often feels indigestion there, for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these Chinese words.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Appendix 2:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Medical Conditions, Problems, and Illnesses</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">abcess allergic to... allergy-appendicitis arthritis asthma</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nóngzhǒng duì...guòmǐn guòmǐnzhèng lánwěiyǎn guānjiéyǎn qìchuǎnbìng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cholera cold cramp</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">huòluàn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ganmào, shāngféng, zhāoliáng choujIn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">diabetes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tángniàobìng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">flu</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">food poisoning fungus</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào, liúgǎn shíwù zhòngdú</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">méi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">hemorrhoids hepatitis hernia</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">zhìchuāng gānyǎn shàn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">indigestion inflamed inflammation</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xiāohuà bù liang fāyán</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yánzhèng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">measles</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">mázhěn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">nervous tension</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">shénjīng jǐnzhǎng</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">pneumonia</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fèiyǎn</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">rheumatism</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">fēngshī</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">stroke sunburn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhòngfēng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shài tuō pi le (skin peeling)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shàihong le (red)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">Jiào tàiyang shàide</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">sunstroke</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhòngshǔ</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tonsillitis</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">biǎntaoxiànyán</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">ulcer (gastric)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wèikuìyáng</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Appendix 3:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Furniture and Household Items</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">blngxiāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">refrigerator</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">chāzuò</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chōushuǐ mǎtong</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chōutì</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">chuáng chuānglián</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">(electrical) outlet flush toilet drawer</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bed curtain</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dēng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dèngzi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">diàndēng kāiguān diànhuà diànlúzi diànshàn dìtǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">light, lamp</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stool</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">light switch</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">telephone</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">electric stove; electric heater</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">electric fan</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">carpet, rug</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">guìzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">cabinet</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">hōnggānjī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">dryer</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">jìngzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">mirror</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">lāj ì; lèsè (Taiwan) lājítong; lèsètǒng (Taiwan) lājǐxiǎng; lèsèxiāng (Taiwan) lěngqìjī lúzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">garbage</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">garbage pail garbage can air conditioner stove</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">sàozhou, sàobǎ shāfā shuǐchízi shuǐlóngtóu shūjiàzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">broom sofa kitchen sink faucet, tap bookshelf</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">tuōbǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">mop</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">xīchénqì xiězìtǎi xǐliǎnpén xǐyijī xí zǎopén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">vacuum cleaner desk</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">(bathroom) sink, washstand washing machine bathtub</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">yǐzi yùndǒu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<p><span class="font4">chair iron</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhuōzi zìzhǐlou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">table wastepaner basket</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font4">bìchú</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">cèsuǒ céng chuānghu chūfáng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dì</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">dìbǎn dìxiàshì</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">fángdǐng fangjiān fàntīng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kètìng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">lóutí</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">men</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">qiáng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">shūfáng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">tiānhuābǎn</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wèishēngjiān</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wòfáng wòshì wūzi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xǐzaofáng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">zǒuláng</span></p>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">closet</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">toilet</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">floor, story-window</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">kitchen</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">floor</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wooden floor basement</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">room room dining room</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">living room</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">stairs</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">door</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">wall</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">study, library</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">ceiling</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">toilet, bathroom bedroom bedroom</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">room</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">bathroom</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">corridor, hall</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Module Vocabulary</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Ayí āiyo ànmó āsipīlín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">auntie ouch massage aspirin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF H</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">bang máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to help, to aid, to assist</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">báo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be thin; to be light (of clothing)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to hold, to embrace</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">by (indicates the one who carries</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">out the action in a passive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">sentence)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-bùliǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(verb ending) unable to...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bú yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">don ’ t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">cā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to rub, to wipe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tea</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1|</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be long</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">often</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chángcháng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">often</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">cháoshǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be humid</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">city, town</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chènshān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shirt, blouse</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">chī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to take (medicine)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chī fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to eat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF h</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">chǐcun (chīcùn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">measurement; size</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chuān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to put on (clothing)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chúfáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kitchen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chuí bèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to pound (someone’s) back</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">chuīgān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to blow-dry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">chūntiān (chūntiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">spring</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">dàbiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">bowel movement</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dàbiàn bù tong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be constipated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dǎ diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to make a phone call, to telephone</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to bring, to take with one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to lead, to take</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF H</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">dàifu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">doctor</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dǎkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to open</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF h</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dàyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">overcoat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be low</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">telephone, telephone call</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-dǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for hats)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dìqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">area, region</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">diū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to lose</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dòng dòngbuliǎo . dōngtian (dōngtian) -dù duǎn duàn dùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to move unable to move</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">.winter</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">degree to be short to sever, to break belly, abdomen</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">f ángj iān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">room</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fàntīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">dining room</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fānyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to interpret, to translate</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fāshāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to have a fever</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fāxiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to discover</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">one tenth of a Chinese inch (</span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cùn</span><span class="font4">)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">fēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wind</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">fēngjǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">scenery</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fùjìn (fǔjìn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">area, neighborhood</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fùnu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">women</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">fúzhuāngdiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">clothing store</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">gànbufú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">cadre suit</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gān j ing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be clean</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">ganmào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to catch cold; a cold</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to do, to engage in</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gao wèishēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to do cleaning</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Gōng’ānjú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Bureau of Public Security (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gōngyù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">apartment building; apartment</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gōngyùlóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">apartment building</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">gòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be enough</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">guā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">guā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to scrape</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">guā húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to shave (the face)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">gútou (gǔtou)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">bone</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">gùyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">intentionally, willfully, on purpose</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">hǎibiān(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">seashore</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">hàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">and (Taiwan pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">hǎoxiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to seem (to be), to appear that</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to drink</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">river</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">and</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">héshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to fit; to be suitable</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">hòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to be think; to be heavy (of clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">houlong (houlong)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">throat</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">hú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lake</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">huài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be bad; to go bad, to break</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">huán j ìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">environment</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">beard OR mustache</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">jiākè(r)/jiakè(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">jacket (cut above waist)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">jiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to cut (with scissors)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for articles of clothing)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">jiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to ask/tell (someone to do something)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6 WLF 6 WFL 1 WLF 5 WLF 1 WLF 6 WLF 5</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF U WLF U WLF 6 WLF 5 WLF 6 WLF 3 WLF 1 WLF 1 WLF 1 WLF h WLF 2</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2 WLF 3 WLF 5 WLF 4 WLF U WLF 6 WLF H WLF U WLF 2 WLF 1 WLF 3 WLF 3 WLF 6</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1 WLF 2 WLF U WLF h WLF 1 WLF 2 WLF 2 WLF 2 WLF 5 WLF 1 WLF 2 WLF 1 WLF 3</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2 WLF 3 WLF 2 WLF U</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">Jiàshǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Jiàshǐ zhízhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">driver’s license</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">W<sup>T</sup>F 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Jǐngchá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">policeman</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">jǐngchájú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">police station</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">J iùhùchē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">ambulance</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">C&gt;</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">Juǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to curl, to roll up; a roll (of something),</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">a reel (of tape)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Juede</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to feel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">Jūnshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">military</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">kāi dāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to operate; to be operated on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kāishǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to begin, to start</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">kāi yàofāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to write a prescription</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kāishuǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">boiled water</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to look after, to watch over</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to have (a medical problem) treated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">kàn bìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to see a doctor; to see a patient</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">késou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to cough</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kètíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">living room</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kōngqì (kōngqi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">air</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kōngqì wūrǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">air pollution</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kǒudài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">pocket</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kùzi (yìtiáo)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">pants</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">lā dùzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to have diarrhea</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be cold</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">face</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">liáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to measure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF 2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-liáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for vehicles)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">liǎngbiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">both sides, two sides</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liángkuai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be cool</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liáng tǐwēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to take a person’s temperature</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liàozi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">material, fabric</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">lìhai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to severe, to be fierce</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">líkāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to leave</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lǐng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to collect, to pick up (something</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">which is issued)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to grow, to let grow; to leave</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liú húzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to grow a beard or mustache</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">influenza, flu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">liú xue (xiě, xuè)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to bleed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lùbiān(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">side of the road</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lùyǐndài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">recording tape</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">lùyīnjI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tape recorder</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">máfan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">. trouble, bother</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mǎlù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">street, avenue</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">máoyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">sweater</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">màozi (yìdǐng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">hat</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mǎshàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">immediately</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">méi shì (le)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">everything is all right (now); there’s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">no (further) business</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">méi wèntí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">there’s no problem</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mian’ǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">motuōchē (motuōchē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">motorcycle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">nà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">then, in that case</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">nèikē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">internal medicine, general medicine;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">department of internal medicine</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nèikē yishēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">internist, physician</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nèikù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">underpants</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">nèiyí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">used in contrast to nèikù, underpants)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nílóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nylon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">niúnǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(cow’s) milk</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 4</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nòng (long, nèng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to do, to handle, to manage, to make</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nòng gān jing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to clean something up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">nuǎnhuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be warm</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">pǎizi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">sign, poster, plate; brand name,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">trade mark</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">píngchǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">usually, generally, ordinarily</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF h</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">pixie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">leather shoes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">pò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be worn out; to break, to tear</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">qí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to ride by straddling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qìhòu (qìhòu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">climate</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be clear</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qīngjìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be quiet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qípáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">close-fitting woman’s dress with high</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">neck and slit skirt; cheongsam</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qiūtiǎn (qi”tian)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">f»ll, autumn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">qúnzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">skirt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">ràng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to let, to allow, to cause something</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to do something</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">rè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be hot</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">renkōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">population</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">sēnlín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">forest</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">mountain</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">shàngyī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">upper outer garment</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to heat, to cook; to burn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be few; seldom</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shāohǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to have heated up; to have finished</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">cooking</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">someone</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shēng bìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to get sick, to become ill</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shēnbào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to declare, to report</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shēnbàodān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">customs declaration</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF It</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shénmeyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">like what; what kind</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shēnshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">on one’s body</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to try</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">shi(yi)shi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to give (something) a try</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shiqing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">matter, affair, business, thing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shōushi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to tidy up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1+</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shōushi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">jewelry</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shuā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to brush</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">-shuāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">pair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shuā yá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to brush one's teeth</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shūbāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">book bag, tote bag, carryall</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shūfáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">library</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shūfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be comfortable</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">water</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF li</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shuì jiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to sleep</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF li</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">shuì wǔjiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to take a noontime nap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF ll</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">shuìyī (yítào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">pajamas; nightgown</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shūshu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">uncle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">shū tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to brush or comb hair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to carry (by two or more people)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">táifēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">typhoon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to lie, to recline</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tàng ■</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to get a permanent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-tào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for suits, sets of things)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">téng (tòng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to hurt, to ache</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">téngsl le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to hurt like crazy, to hurt to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">death (figuratively)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">sky; heaven; day</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tiānqi (tiānqi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">weather</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-tiáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(counter for pairs of pants)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tīngshuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to hear that, to hear it said;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">I hear that, I understand that</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tīwēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(body) temperature</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">head; head of hair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2, WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">toufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">hair</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">tóu téng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to have a headache; headache</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to vomit, to spit up</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tuī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">leg</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">tuōxié</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">slippers</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">foreign country</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàikē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">surgical department</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàikē yīshēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">surgeon</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàishì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">foreign affairs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàishì jīngchá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">foreign affairs policeman</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàitào</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to forget</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wàzi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">socks</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">stomach</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">wèibìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">stomach trouble, gastric disease</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wéixiān (wēixiǎn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to be dangerous, to be perilous;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">danger</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wēndù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">temperature</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wèntí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">question, problem</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">wòfáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">bedroom</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font4">wòshì wūrǎn wūzi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xǐ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xiǎng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xiǎngxià (xiǎngxià) xiǎngzi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xiǎoběnzi xiǎobiàn xiǎoxǐn xiàtiān (xiàtiān) xià xuě xià yǔ xie xiè dùzi xǐng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xǐnxiǎn (xīnxian) xǐ tou</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xǐzǎo xǐzǎofāng xǐ zhuǎng xuěyǎ</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">xuěyā dǐ xuěyǎ gǎo xūyào</span></p>
<p><span class="font4"><sup>y</sup>á yágǎo yàngzi</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yǎnjìng(r) yào yào yàoburān yàofāng yídìng yīfu yīshēng yīyuàn yòng</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">you</span></p>
<p><span class="font4">yǒu(de) shihou you shì yǒu (yi)diǎn yǒuyǒng yùbei yùbeihǎo le yūn yǔxiē yǔyī yùyuē</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><a href="#bookmark40"><span class="font4">bedroom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark41"><span class="font4">pollution &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font4">room &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font4">to wash &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font4">to miss, to think of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font4">in the country, the countryside &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font4">suitcase &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font4">notebook &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font4">to urinate; urination &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font4">to be careful &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font4">summer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font4">to snow &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark52"><span class="font4">to rain &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark53"><span class="font4">shoe &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark54"><span class="font4">to have diarrhea &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark55"><span class="font4">to wake up &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark56"><span class="font4">to be fresh &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark57"><span class="font4">to shampoo, to get a shampoo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark58"><span class="font4">to take a bath &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark59"><span class="font4">bathroom &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark60"><span class="font4">Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark61"><span class="font4">blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark62"><span class="font4">low blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark63"><span class="font4">high blood pressure &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark64"><span class="font4">to need, to require &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark65"><span class="font4">tooth, teeth &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark66"><span class="font4">toothpaste &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">appearance; shape, form; style, design;</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark67"><span class="font4">pattern &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark68"><span class="font4">glasses (spectacles) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark69"><span class="font4">should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark70"><span class="font4">medicine &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font4">otherwise, or else &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font4">prescription &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark73"><span class="font4">certainly, surely, for sure, definitely &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark74"><span class="font4">clothes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark75"><span class="font4">doctor &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark76"><span class="font4">hospital &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark77"><span class="font4">to use &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark78"><span class="font4">oil, grease &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark79"><span class="font4">sometimes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark80"><span class="font4">to be occupied, to be busy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark81"><span class="font4">a little bit, somewhat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark82"><span class="font4">to swim &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark83"><span class="font4">to prepare, to get ready &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">to have prepared</span></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark84"><span class="font4">to be dizzy &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark85"><span class="font4">rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark86"><span class="font4">raincoat &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<p><a href="#bookmark87"><span class="font4">to make an appointment (PRC) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WLF</span></a></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zāogāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">oh no! how awful! how terrible!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">what a mess!; to be awful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">according to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhaoj í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to get upset, to be anxkous, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">be worried</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhào xiàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to take a photograph</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhàoxiàngj ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">camera</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-zhe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">(marker of duration for actions and</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">states)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">acupuncture and moxibustion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhípiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">check (as in personal check)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF U</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zhipiàoběn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">checkbook</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF h</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">-zhǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">kind, sort</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WtF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhuàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to bump into, to run into, to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">collide with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 6</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">zhùyì (zhùyi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">to pay attention to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 5</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zìjǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zūchuqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to rent out</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF It</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">most, -est</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to make; to have made</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuò fàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to cook</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF It</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuò tǒufa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">to do one’s hair, to have one’s hair done</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 3</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">zuoyòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">approximately, about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
<p><span class="font4">WLF 1</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<div>
<p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">667-001/43069</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<div>
<p><span class="font4">103</span></p>
</div><br clear="all">
<p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark35"></a></p>
<p><span class="font4"></span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǎnjìng</span><span class="font4">: &quot;glasses&quot; (counter: -fù)</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark36"></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi shijiǎn na</span><span class="font4">; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Na</span><span class="font4"> is a contraction of </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font4"> and </span><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">a.</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup><a name="bookmark37"></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò toufa</span><span class="font4">; ’’to do hair” or &quot;to have one’s hair done&quot; (See the Reference Notes for Part I on </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xī t6u</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">guā húzi</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">chuí bèi</span><span class="font4">, </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">cǎ pixie</span><span class="font4">.)</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">yùyuē</span><span class="font4">; &quot;to make an appointment&quot; literally &quot;beforehand make-an-appointment.&quot; This is relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the meanings &quot;a preliminary agreement&quot; or &quot;to pre-order a book which has not yet been published.&quot; In Taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiān yuē yige shíjiān</span><span class="font4">, &quot;to arrange a time beforehand.&quot; Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèntí</span><span class="font4">: &quot;problem&quot; or &quot;question.&quot; </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi(you) wèntí</span><span class="font4"> is just like the English &quot;no problem.&quot; In addition to its literal meaning of &quot;There is no</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup><a name="bookmark38"></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE</span></p>
<p><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup><a name="bookmark39"></a></p>
<p><span class="font4">REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II</span></p>
<p><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù</span><span class="font4">: &quot;apartment building,&quot; literally &quot;public residence&quot; In the PRC, the word </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù</span><span class="font4"> is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. &quot;Apartment building&quot; may be translated as either </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyù</span><span class="font4"> or </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngyùlóu</span><span class="font4">. </span><span class="font4" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngyù</span><span class="font4"> is sometimes used for an &quot;apartment.&quot;</span></p>
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