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- Standard Chinese, a modular approach, Biographical Information Module Unit 8, Comprehension Tape 1.
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- This unit is set in Taipei. On this tape, you'll learn more of how to talk about what you've done and how long you did it.
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- You'll also learn from expressions used in talking about military service.
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- Clara Matthew, an American student at Taiwan University, is talking with another student, Chen Da-gang, on campus.
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- Do you have any more classes today?
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- 你今天還有課嗎?
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- I don't have any more classes.
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- 沒有課了.
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- In the sentence,沒有課了.I don't have any more classes.
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- The marker low indicates a new situation.This morning she had classes, now she doesn't.
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- Listen to the exchange live.
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- 你今天還有課嗎?
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- 沒有課了.Again.
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- 你今天還有課嗎?
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- 沒有課了.Check your comprehension.
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- 你今天還有課嗎?
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- 你今天還有課嗎?
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- 沒有課了.I don't have any more classes.
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- Listen as the conversation continues live.
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- 你呢?
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- 我也沒有課了.Again.
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- 你呢?
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- 我也沒有課了.Check your comprehension.
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- 你呢?And you?
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- 我也沒有課了.I don't have any more classes either.
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- Since both Clara Matthews and Chen Da-gang have no more classes for the day,
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- they decide to make a visit to the palace museum.
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- On their way out to the museum, they talk about their studies.
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- How long did you study English?
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- 你從天念英文念了多久?
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- 你從天念英文念了多久?
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- I studied English for six years.
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- 我念英文念了六年.
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- 我念英文念了六年.
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- When you want to talk about how long you did something,
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- you first state the activity,
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- then repeat the verb and tell how long you did it.
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- Listen again to the exchange, lot.
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- 你從天念英文念了多久?
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- 我念英文念了六年.
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- Notice that the marker low for completed action
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- follows the second verb in the sentence.
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- Listen to it again.
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- 你從天念英文念了多久?
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- 我念英文念了六年.
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 你從天念英文念了多久?
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- How long did you study English?
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- 我念英文念了六年.
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- I studied English for six years.
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- Now suppose Clara also knew
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- that he had also studied American history.
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- She might ask a question like this.
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- 美國歷史呢?
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- 我念美國歷史念了一年.
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- Again.
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- 美國歷史呢?
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- 我念美國歷史念了一年.
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 美國歷史呢?
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- And American history?
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- 我念美國歷史念了一年.
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- I studied American history for one year.
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- The conversation continues.
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- What are you studying now?
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- 你現在念什麼呢?
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- I'm studying French.
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- 我念法文了.
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- 我念法文了.
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- This is the word for French language.
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- 法文,法文,法文.
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- Here's the exchange line.
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- 你現在念什麼呢?
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- 我念法文了.
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- The marker is used to indicate an ongoing action.
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- Listen again.
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- 你現在念什麼呢?
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- 我念法文了.
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 你現在念什麼呢?
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- What are you studying now?
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- 我念法文了.
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- I'm studying French.
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- Listen to Claire's next question.
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- How long have you been studying French?
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- 你念法文念了多久了?
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- I've been studying for one year.
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- 我念了一年了.
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- 我念了一年了.
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- When you want to talk about the duration of an action which is still going on,
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- you use two little markers,
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- the marker lower for completed action after the second verb,
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- and the marker lower for new situation at the end of the sentence.
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- Here's the exchange line.
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- 你念法文念了多久了?
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- 我念了一年了.
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- Notice that in the reply,
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- Chan Da Gang gives a shortened answer.
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- Since it's clear that they're talking about studying French,
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- he doesn't restate the activity before telling how long he's been doing it.
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- Listen again to the exchange line.
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- 你念法文念了多久了?
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- 我念了一年了.
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 你念法文念了多久了?
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- How long have you been studying French?
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- 我念了一年了.
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- I've been studying for one year.
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- Chan Da Gang continues lying.
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- 你现在念什么呢?
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- 我念中国历史呢.
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- 你念中国历史念了多久了?
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- 我念了三年了.
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- 我在美国念了两年,在这里念了一年了.
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- Again.
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- 你现在念什么呢?
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- 我念中国历史了.
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- 你念中国历史念了多久了?
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- 我念了三年了.
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- 我在美国念了两年,在这里念了一年了.
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 你现在念什么呢?
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- 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:36,000
- What are you studying now?
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- 我念中国历史了.
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- 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:44,000
- I'm studying Chinese history.
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- 你念中国历史念了多久了?
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- How long have you been studying Chinese history?
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- 我念了三年了.
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- I've been studying it for three years now.
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- 我在美国念了两年.
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- I studied it for two years in America.
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- 在这里念了一年了.
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- I've been studying it here for a year.
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- Chan Da Gang has another question for Clara.
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- Listen.
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- Can you write Chinese characters?
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- 你会写中国字吗?
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- 你会写中国字吗?
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- I can a little.
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- 会一点。会一点。
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- This is the verb to write.
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- 写。写。写。
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- This is the word for a character.
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- 字。字。字。
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- Here's the way you say a little or some.
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- 一点。一点。一点。
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- Here's the exchange lot.
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- 你会写中国字吗?
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- 会一点。
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- Check your comprehension.
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- 你会写中国字吗?
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- Can you write Chinese characters?
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- 会一点。
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- I can a little.
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- Clara continues.
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- Last year, I couldn't yet write them.
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- 去年我还不会写.
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- 去年我还不会写.
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- Now I can write a little bit.
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- 现在我会写一点了.
- 161
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- 现在我会写一点了.
- 162
- 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,000
- Notice that even though she's talking about last year,
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- the negative marker 不 is used.
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- This is because 会 is an auxiliary verb.
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- Auxiliary verbs along with adjectival verbs such as 好
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- to be good are state verbs.
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- State verbs never take the negative marker 没.
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- Listen to it again, lie.
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- 去年我还不会写.
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- 现在我会写一点了.
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- In the second sentence,
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- the marker love for new situations is used to signal the change.
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- Here it is again, lie.
- 174
- 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:42,000
- 去年我还不会写.
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- 现在我会写一点了.
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- Check your comprehension.
- 177
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- 去年我还不会写.
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- Last year, I couldn't yet write them.
- 179
- 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,000
- 现在我会写一点了.
- 180
- 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,000
- Now I can write a little bit.
- 181
- 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,000
- The conversation continues, lie.
- 182
- 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:13,000
- 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
- 183
- 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000
- 我是在这里学的.
- 184
- 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,000
- Again.
- 185
- 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:23,000
- 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
- 186
- 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,000
- 我是在这里学的.
- 187
- 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:29,000
- Check your comprehension.
- 188
- 00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:36,000
- 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
- 189
- 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:39,000
- Oh, you can write Chinese characters.
- 190
- 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:42,000
- Where did you study?
- 191
- 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,000
- 我是在这里学的.
- 192
- 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:49,000
- I studied here.
- 193
- 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:52,000
- A little later in the conversation, Claire asks,
- 194
- 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:55,000
- Is your father a military man?
- 195
- 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 196
- 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 197
- 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:05,000
- Yes, he's a naval officer.
- 198
- 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:11,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 199
- 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:16,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 200
- 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,000
- Here's the word for military man.
- 201
- 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:27,000
- 军人,军人,军人.
- 202
- 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,000
- Here's the word for navy.
- 203
- 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:37,000
- 海军,海军,海军.
- 204
- 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,000
- Here's the word for officer.
- 205
- 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:48,000
- 军官,军官,军官.
- 206
- 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:50,000
- Here's the exchange line.
- 207
- 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:53,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 208
- 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:57,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 209
- 00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:59,000
- Again.
- 210
- 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:01,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 211
- 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 212
- 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000
- Check your comprehension.
- 213
- 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 214
- 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:14,000
- Is your father a military man?
- 215
- 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:19,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 216
- 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,000
- Yes, he's a naval officer.
- 217
- 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,000
- Several days later,
- 218
- 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:28,000
- 陈大刚 calls Claire to say that he won't be in class.
- 219
- 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,000
- I'm not coming today.
- 220
- 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:35,000
- 我今天不来了.
- 221
- 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:38,000
- 我今天不来了.
- 222
- 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,000
- I'm sick.
- 223
- 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:45,000
- 我病了.我病了.
- 224
- 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,000
- Here's the verb to get sick.
- 225
- 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:55,000
- 病,病,病.
- 226
- 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:59,000
- Notice that the verb 病 is translated to get sick, not to be sick.
- 227
- 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000
- The verb 病 is not a state verb, but a process verb.
- 228
- 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,000
- The process verb describes a change from one state to another.
- 229
- 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,000
- In this case, from being healthy to being ill.
- 230
- 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:12,000
- In other words, getting sick.
- 231
- 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:15,000
- Listen to it again, live.
- 232
- 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:19,000
- 我今天不来了.我病了.
- 233
- 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:24,000
- Notice that the sentence we translated as I'm sick ends with the marker 了.
- 234
- 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,000
- This marker signals the completion of the process.
- 235
- 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,000
- Up until now, we've called this the marker for completed action.
- 236
- 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000
- But as you see, it's also the marker for completed process.
- 237
- 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:38,000
- A better translation for this sentence might be, I've become sick.
- 238
- 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,000
- Listen to it again, live.
- 239
- 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:46,000
- 我今天不来了.我病了.
- 240
- 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:50,000
- Notice that the sentence 我今天不来了.
- 241
- 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,000
- I'm not coming today, also ends with the marker 了.
- 242
- 00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:56,000
- This is the marker 了 for new situations.
- 243
- 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:59,000
- Contrary to what he did yesterday and contrary to what he expected to do today,
- 244
- 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,000
- he's not coming to school.
- 245
- 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:03,000
- To signal this change in the situation,
- 246
- 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,000
- he uses the marker 了 at the end of the sentence.
- 247
- 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,000
- Check your comprehension.
- 248
- 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:11,000
- 我今天不来了.
- 249
- 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,000
- I'm not coming today.
- 250
- 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:16,000
- 我病了.
- 251
- 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,000
- I'm sick.
- 252
- 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000
- A couple of days later,
- 253
- 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000
- 程大刚 is back in class.
- 254
- 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000
- Are you better today?
- 255
- 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:28,000
- 今天好了没有?
- 256
- 00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,000
- 今天好了没有?
- 257
- 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000
- I'm all right today.
- 258
- 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000
- 今天好了.
- 259
- 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,000
- 今天好了.
- 260
- 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,000
- Notice that the verb 好 to be good or well
- 261
- 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:46,000
- is used here to talk about getting well,
- 262
- 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:50,000
- or as we translated it in the sentence to get better.
- 263
- 00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:52,000
- There's an explanation for these different usages.
- 264
- 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:56,000
- The verb 好 can be either a state verb or a process verb.
- 265
- 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:00,000
- As a state verb 好 means to be good or well.
- 266
- 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,000
- As a process verb, it means to get well.
- 267
- 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,000
- Listen to the exchange line.
- 268
- 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000
- 今天好了没有?
- 269
- 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:11,000
- 今天好了.
- 270
- 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:16,000
- The process verb 好 to get well occurs here with combined 了.
- 271
- 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:21,000
- That is the marker 了,which indicates a completed action and a new situation.
- 272
- 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,000
- Check the reference notes for more about process verb.
- 273
- 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,000
- Notice also that the question,
- 274
- 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,000
- are you better today?
- 275
- 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:30,000
- 你今天好了没有?
- 276
- 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,000
- is not formed with the question mark or mark.
- 277
- 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,000
- Here it's formed with 没有.
- 278
- 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,000
- This can be done in sentences in which the verb is marked for a completed action.
- 279
- 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,000
- Here's the exchange again, live.
- 280
- 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000
- 今天好了没有?
- 281
- 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000
- 今天好了.
- 282
- 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,000
- Check your comprehension.
- 283
- 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:52,000
- 今天好了没有?
- 284
- 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:53,000
- Are you better today?
- 285
- 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000
- 今天好了.
- 286
- 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000
- I'm all right today.
- 287
- 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,000
- Here's another conversation between two classmates.
- 288
- 00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,000
- Listen to them lie.
- 289
- 00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:07,000
- 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
- 290
- 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:10,000
- 这个星期还没来?
- 291
- 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,000
- 他病了吗?
- 292
- 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,000
- 他没病,他母亲病了.
- 293
- 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:18,000
- Again.
- 294
- 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,000
- 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
- 295
- 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,000
- 这个星期还没来?
- 296
- 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:25,000
- 他病了吗?
- 297
- 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:29,000
- 他没病,他母亲病了.
- 298
- 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,000
- Check your comprehension.
- 299
- 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:37,000
- 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
- 300
- 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:41,000
- 李德芬 didn't come last week.
- 301
- 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:45,000
- 这个星期还没来?
- 302
- 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,000
- And this week she still hasn't come.
- 303
- 00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,000
- 她病了吗?
- 304
- 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,000
- Is she sick?
- 305
- 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:58,000
- 她没病,她母亲病了.
- 306
- 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:02,000
- She's not sick, her mother's sick.
- 307
- 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,000
- As a final review of what we've covered so far,
- 308
- 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:09,000
- try translating each of the following sentences from the target list.
- 309
- 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:12,000
- Number one.
- 310
- 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:16,000
- 你今天还有课吗?
- 311
- 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000
- Do you have any more classes today?
- 312
- 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:21,000
- 没有课了.
- 313
- 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,000
- I don't have any more classes.
- 314
- 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,000
- Number two.
- 315
- 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:32,000
- 你从前念英文念了多久?
- 316
- 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,000
- How long did you study English?
- 317
- 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:40,000
- 我念英文念了六年.
- 318
- 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,000
- I studied English for six years.
- 319
- 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,000
- Number three.
- 320
- 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:51,000
- 你念法文念了多久了?
- 321
- 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:55,000
- How long have you been studying French?
- 322
- 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,000
- 我念了一年了.
- 323
- 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,000
- I've been studying it for a year.
- 324
- 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:04,000
- Number four.
- 325
- 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:08,000
- 去年我还不会写中国字.
- 326
- 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,000
- Last year I couldn't write Chinese characters.
- 327
- 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:15,000
- 现在我会写一点了.
- 328
- 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,000
- Now I can write a little bit.
- 329
- 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,000
- Number five.
- 330
- 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:22,000
- 你父亲是军人吗?
- 331
- 00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,000
- Is your father in the military?
- 332
- 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:30,000
- 是,他是海军军官.
- 333
- 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:33,000
- Yes, he's a naval officer.
- 334
- 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:35,000
- Number six.
- 335
- 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:38,000
- 你现在念什么呢?
- 336
- 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:42,000
- What are you studying now?
- 337
- 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:45,000
- 我念法文呢.
- 338
- 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,000
- I'm studying French.
- 339
- 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,000
- Number seven.
- 340
- 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:55,000
- 我今天不来了.
- 341
- 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,000
- I'm not coming today.
- 342
- 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,000
- 我病了.
- 343
- 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,000
- I'm sick.
- 344
- 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,000
- Number eight.
- 345
- 00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,000
- 你今天好了没有?
- 346
- 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:09,000
- Are you better today?
- 347
- 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,000
- 今天好了.
- 348
- 00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:15,000
- I'm all right today.
- 349
- 00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,000
- You may want to rewind and listen to this part of the tape again.
- 350
- 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000
- If you feel you're ready, go on to the P1 tape.
- 351
- 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:23,000
- This is the end of the tape.
- 352
- 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:42,000
- And of biographic information unit eight comprehension tape one.
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