FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 02 BIO - Unit 08 - Tape 8C-1.mp3.srt 23 KB

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  1. 1
  2. 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000
  3. Standard Chinese, a modular approach, Biographical Information Module Unit 8, Comprehension Tape 1.
  4. 2
  5. 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:14,000
  6. This unit is set in Taipei. On this tape, you'll learn more of how to talk about what you've done and how long you did it.
  7. 3
  8. 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:18,000
  9. You'll also learn from expressions used in talking about military service.
  10. 4
  11. 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:26,000
  12. Clara Matthew, an American student at Taiwan University, is talking with another student, Chen Da-gang, on campus.
  13. 5
  14. 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:29,000
  15. Do you have any more classes today?
  16. 6
  17. 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:41,000
  18. 你今天還有課嗎?
  19. 7
  20. 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:43,000
  21. I don't have any more classes.
  22. 8
  23. 00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:50,000
  24. 沒有課了.
  25. 9
  26. 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:54,000
  27. In the sentence,沒有課了.I don't have any more classes.
  28. 10
  29. 00:00:54,000 --> 00:01:00,000
  30. The marker low indicates a new situation.This morning she had classes, now she doesn't.
  31. 11
  32. 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,000
  33. Listen to the exchange live.
  34. 12
  35. 00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,000
  36. 你今天還有課嗎?
  37. 13
  38. 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:09,000
  39. 沒有課了.Again.
  40. 14
  41. 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:12,000
  42. 你今天還有課嗎?
  43. 15
  44. 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:17,000
  45. 沒有課了.Check your comprehension.
  46. 16
  47. 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:22,000
  48. 你今天還有課嗎?
  49. 17
  50. 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,000
  51. 你今天還有課嗎?
  52. 18
  53. 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:31,000
  54. 沒有課了.I don't have any more classes.
  55. 19
  56. 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:36,000
  57. Listen as the conversation continues live.
  58. 20
  59. 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,000
  60. 你呢?
  61. 21
  62. 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:43,000
  63. 我也沒有課了.Again.
  64. 22
  65. 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:46,000
  66. 你呢?
  67. 23
  68. 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:51,000
  69. 我也沒有課了.Check your comprehension.
  70. 24
  71. 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,000
  72. 你呢?And you?
  73. 25
  74. 00:01:55,000 --> 00:02:01,000
  75. 我也沒有課了.I don't have any more classes either.
  76. 26
  77. 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:06,000
  78. Since both Clara Matthews and Chen Da-gang have no more classes for the day,
  79. 27
  80. 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,000
  81. they decide to make a visit to the palace museum.
  82. 28
  83. 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:12,000
  84. On their way out to the museum, they talk about their studies.
  85. 29
  86. 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:15,000
  87. How long did you study English?
  88. 30
  89. 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:20,000
  90. 你從天念英文念了多久?
  91. 31
  92. 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:24,000
  93. 你從天念英文念了多久?
  94. 32
  95. 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:28,000
  96. I studied English for six years.
  97. 33
  98. 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:33,000
  99. 我念英文念了六年.
  100. 34
  101. 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:38,000
  102. 我念英文念了六年.
  103. 35
  104. 00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:41,000
  105. When you want to talk about how long you did something,
  106. 36
  107. 00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:43,000
  108. you first state the activity,
  109. 37
  110. 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:46,000
  111. then repeat the verb and tell how long you did it.
  112. 38
  113. 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:50,000
  114. Listen again to the exchange, lot.
  115. 39
  116. 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,000
  117. 你從天念英文念了多久?
  118. 40
  119. 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,000
  120. 我念英文念了六年.
  121. 41
  122. 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,000
  123. Notice that the marker low for completed action
  124. 42
  125. 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:03,000
  126. follows the second verb in the sentence.
  127. 43
  128. 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,000
  129. Listen to it again.
  130. 44
  131. 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:08,000
  132. 你從天念英文念了多久?
  133. 45
  134. 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:12,000
  135. 我念英文念了六年.
  136. 46
  137. 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:15,000
  138. Check your comprehension.
  139. 47
  140. 00:03:15,000 --> 00:03:20,000
  141. 你從天念英文念了多久?
  142. 48
  143. 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:23,000
  144. How long did you study English?
  145. 49
  146. 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:29,000
  147. 我念英文念了六年.
  148. 50
  149. 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:33,000
  150. I studied English for six years.
  151. 51
  152. 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:35,000
  153. Now suppose Clara also knew
  154. 52
  155. 00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:38,000
  156. that he had also studied American history.
  157. 53
  158. 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:41,000
  159. She might ask a question like this.
  160. 54
  161. 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,000
  162. 美國歷史呢?
  163. 55
  164. 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:48,000
  165. 我念美國歷史念了一年.
  166. 56
  167. 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:49,000
  168. Again.
  169. 57
  170. 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:51,000
  171. 美國歷史呢?
  172. 58
  173. 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:55,000
  174. 我念美國歷史念了一年.
  175. 59
  176. 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:58,000
  177. Check your comprehension.
  178. 60
  179. 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,000
  180. 美國歷史呢?
  181. 61
  182. 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:04,000
  183. And American history?
  184. 62
  185. 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:09,000
  186. 我念美國歷史念了一年.
  187. 63
  188. 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:13,000
  189. I studied American history for one year.
  190. 64
  191. 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:15,000
  192. The conversation continues.
  193. 65
  194. 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:18,000
  195. What are you studying now?
  196. 66
  197. 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:24,000
  198. 你現在念什麼呢?
  199. 67
  200. 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:27,000
  201. I'm studying French.
  202. 68
  203. 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:31,000
  204. 我念法文了.
  205. 69
  206. 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:35,000
  207. 我念法文了.
  208. 70
  209. 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:39,000
  210. This is the word for French language.
  211. 71
  212. 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:45,000
  213. 法文,法文,法文.
  214. 72
  215. 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:48,000
  216. Here's the exchange line.
  217. 73
  218. 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,000
  219. 你現在念什麼呢?
  220. 74
  221. 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:53,000
  222. 我念法文了.
  223. 75
  224. 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:57,000
  225. The marker is used to indicate an ongoing action.
  226. 76
  227. 00:04:57,000 --> 00:04:59,000
  228. Listen again.
  229. 77
  230. 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:01,000
  231. 你現在念什麼呢?
  232. 78
  233. 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:05,000
  234. 我念法文了.
  235. 79
  236. 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:07,000
  237. Check your comprehension.
  238. 80
  239. 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:12,000
  240. 你現在念什麼呢?
  241. 81
  242. 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,000
  243. What are you studying now?
  244. 82
  245. 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:18,000
  246. 我念法文了.
  247. 83
  248. 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,000
  249. I'm studying French.
  250. 84
  251. 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:24,000
  252. Listen to Claire's next question.
  253. 85
  254. 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:28,000
  255. How long have you been studying French?
  256. 86
  257. 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:36,000
  258. 你念法文念了多久了?
  259. 87
  260. 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:41,000
  261. I've been studying for one year.
  262. 88
  263. 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:46,000
  264. 我念了一年了.
  265. 89
  266. 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,000
  267. 我念了一年了.
  268. 90
  269. 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:53,000
  270. When you want to talk about the duration of an action which is still going on,
  271. 91
  272. 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:55,000
  273. you use two little markers,
  274. 92
  275. 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:58,000
  276. the marker lower for completed action after the second verb,
  277. 93
  278. 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:02,000
  279. and the marker lower for new situation at the end of the sentence.
  280. 94
  281. 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:05,000
  282. Here's the exchange line.
  283. 95
  284. 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:07,000
  285. 你念法文念了多久了?
  286. 96
  287. 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:10,000
  288. 我念了一年了.
  289. 97
  290. 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:12,000
  291. Notice that in the reply,
  292. 98
  293. 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:14,000
  294. Chan Da Gang gives a shortened answer.
  295. 99
  296. 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:17,000
  297. Since it's clear that they're talking about studying French,
  298. 100
  299. 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:21,000
  300. he doesn't restate the activity before telling how long he's been doing it.
  301. 101
  302. 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,000
  303. Listen again to the exchange line.
  304. 102
  305. 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:27,000
  306. 你念法文念了多久了?
  307. 103
  308. 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000
  309. 我念了一年了.
  310. 104
  311. 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:32,000
  312. Check your comprehension.
  313. 105
  314. 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:36,000
  315. 你念法文念了多久了?
  316. 106
  317. 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:39,000
  318. How long have you been studying French?
  319. 107
  320. 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:44,000
  321. 我念了一年了.
  322. 108
  323. 00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,000
  324. I've been studying for one year.
  325. 109
  326. 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:51,000
  327. Chan Da Gang continues lying.
  328. 110
  329. 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:53,000
  330. 你现在念什么呢?
  331. 111
  332. 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,000
  333. 我念中国历史呢.
  334. 112
  335. 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:59,000
  336. 你念中国历史念了多久了?
  337. 113
  338. 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:01,000
  339. 我念了三年了.
  340. 114
  341. 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:07,000
  342. 我在美国念了两年,在这里念了一年了.
  343. 115
  344. 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:09,000
  345. Again.
  346. 116
  347. 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,000
  348. 你现在念什么呢?
  349. 117
  350. 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,000
  351. 我念中国历史了.
  352. 118
  353. 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:17,000
  354. 你念中国历史念了多久了?
  355. 119
  356. 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,000
  357. 我念了三年了.
  358. 120
  359. 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:25,000
  360. 我在美国念了两年,在这里念了一年了.
  361. 121
  362. 00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:29,000
  363. Check your comprehension.
  364. 122
  365. 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:33,000
  366. 你现在念什么呢?
  367. 123
  368. 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:36,000
  369. What are you studying now?
  370. 124
  371. 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:40,000
  372. 我念中国历史了.
  373. 125
  374. 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:44,000
  375. I'm studying Chinese history.
  376. 126
  377. 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:50,000
  378. 你念中国历史念了多久了?
  379. 127
  380. 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:54,000
  381. How long have you been studying Chinese history?
  382. 128
  383. 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:58,000
  384. 我念了三年了.
  385. 129
  386. 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:02,000
  387. I've been studying it for three years now.
  388. 130
  389. 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:06,000
  390. 我在美国念了两年.
  391. 131
  392. 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:10,000
  393. I studied it for two years in America.
  394. 132
  395. 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:14,000
  396. 在这里念了一年了.
  397. 133
  398. 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:18,000
  399. I've been studying it here for a year.
  400. 134
  401. 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,000
  402. Chan Da Gang has another question for Clara.
  403. 135
  404. 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:22,000
  405. Listen.
  406. 136
  407. 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,000
  408. Can you write Chinese characters?
  409. 137
  410. 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:31,000
  411. 你会写中国字吗?
  412. 138
  413. 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:35,000
  414. 你会写中国字吗?
  415. 139
  416. 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,000
  417. I can a little.
  418. 140
  419. 00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:43,000
  420. 会一点。会一点。
  421. 141
  422. 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:45,000
  423. This is the verb to write.
  424. 142
  425. 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:53,000
  426. 写。写。写。
  427. 143
  428. 00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:55,000
  429. This is the word for a character.
  430. 144
  431. 00:08:55,000 --> 00:09:02,000
  432. 字。字。字。
  433. 145
  434. 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:05,000
  435. Here's the way you say a little or some.
  436. 146
  437. 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:14,000
  438. 一点。一点。一点。
  439. 147
  440. 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:17,000
  441. Here's the exchange lot.
  442. 148
  443. 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,000
  444. 你会写中国字吗?
  445. 149
  446. 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:22,000
  447. 会一点。
  448. 150
  449. 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,000
  450. Check your comprehension.
  451. 151
  452. 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:29,000
  453. 你会写中国字吗?
  454. 152
  455. 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:32,000
  456. Can you write Chinese characters?
  457. 153
  458. 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:37,000
  459. 会一点。
  460. 154
  461. 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:40,000
  462. I can a little.
  463. 155
  464. 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:42,000
  465. Clara continues.
  466. 156
  467. 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:45,000
  468. Last year, I couldn't yet write them.
  469. 157
  470. 00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:49,000
  471. 去年我还不会写.
  472. 158
  473. 00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:55,000
  474. 去年我还不会写.
  475. 159
  476. 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:59,000
  477. Now I can write a little bit.
  478. 160
  479. 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:03,000
  480. 现在我会写一点了.
  481. 161
  482. 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:07,000
  483. 现在我会写一点了.
  484. 162
  485. 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,000
  486. Notice that even though she's talking about last year,
  487. 163
  488. 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,000
  489. the negative marker 不 is used.
  490. 164
  491. 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,000
  492. This is because 会 is an auxiliary verb.
  493. 165
  494. 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:18,000
  495. Auxiliary verbs along with adjectival verbs such as 好
  496. 166
  497. 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:21,000
  498. to be good are state verbs.
  499. 167
  500. 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,000
  501. State verbs never take the negative marker 没.
  502. 168
  503. 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:27,000
  504. Listen to it again, lie.
  505. 169
  506. 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:29,000
  507. 去年我还不会写.
  508. 170
  509. 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:32,000
  510. 现在我会写一点了.
  511. 171
  512. 00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,000
  513. In the second sentence,
  514. 172
  515. 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,000
  516. the marker love for new situations is used to signal the change.
  517. 173
  518. 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,000
  519. Here it is again, lie.
  520. 174
  521. 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:42,000
  522. 去年我还不会写.
  523. 175
  524. 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,000
  525. 现在我会写一点了.
  526. 176
  527. 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:49,000
  528. Check your comprehension.
  529. 177
  530. 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:54,000
  531. 去年我还不会写.
  532. 178
  533. 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:57,000
  534. Last year, I couldn't yet write them.
  535. 179
  536. 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,000
  537. 现在我会写一点了.
  538. 180
  539. 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,000
  540. Now I can write a little bit.
  541. 181
  542. 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,000
  543. The conversation continues, lie.
  544. 182
  545. 00:11:08,000 --> 00:11:13,000
  546. 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
  547. 183
  548. 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000
  549. 我是在这里学的.
  550. 184
  551. 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:18,000
  552. Again.
  553. 185
  554. 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:23,000
  555. 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
  556. 186
  557. 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,000
  558. 我是在这里学的.
  559. 187
  560. 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:29,000
  561. Check your comprehension.
  562. 188
  563. 00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:36,000
  564. 哦,你会写中国字,你是在哪里学的?
  565. 189
  566. 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:39,000
  567. Oh, you can write Chinese characters.
  568. 190
  569. 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:42,000
  570. Where did you study?
  571. 191
  572. 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,000
  573. 我是在这里学的.
  574. 192
  575. 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:49,000
  576. I studied here.
  577. 193
  578. 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:52,000
  579. A little later in the conversation, Claire asks,
  580. 194
  581. 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:55,000
  582. Is your father a military man?
  583. 195
  584. 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:58,000
  585. 你父亲是军人吗?
  586. 196
  587. 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,000
  588. 你父亲是军人吗?
  589. 197
  590. 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:05,000
  591. Yes, he's a naval officer.
  592. 198
  593. 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:11,000
  594. 是,他是海军军官.
  595. 199
  596. 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:16,000
  597. 是,他是海军军官.
  598. 200
  599. 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:19,000
  600. Here's the word for military man.
  601. 201
  602. 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:27,000
  603. 军人,军人,军人.
  604. 202
  605. 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,000
  606. Here's the word for navy.
  607. 203
  608. 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:37,000
  609. 海军,海军,海军.
  610. 204
  611. 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,000
  612. Here's the word for officer.
  613. 205
  614. 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:48,000
  615. 军官,军官,军官.
  616. 206
  617. 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:50,000
  618. Here's the exchange line.
  619. 207
  620. 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:53,000
  621. 你父亲是军人吗?
  622. 208
  623. 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:57,000
  624. 是,他是海军军官.
  625. 209
  626. 00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:59,000
  627. Again.
  628. 210
  629. 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:01,000
  630. 你父亲是军人吗?
  631. 211
  632. 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:05,000
  633. 是,他是海军军官.
  634. 212
  635. 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000
  636. Check your comprehension.
  637. 213
  638. 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,000
  639. 你父亲是军人吗?
  640. 214
  641. 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:14,000
  642. Is your father a military man?
  643. 215
  644. 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:19,000
  645. 是,他是海军军官.
  646. 216
  647. 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,000
  648. Yes, he's a naval officer.
  649. 217
  650. 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,000
  651. Several days later,
  652. 218
  653. 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:28,000
  654. 陈大刚 calls Claire to say that he won't be in class.
  655. 219
  656. 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,000
  657. I'm not coming today.
  658. 220
  659. 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:35,000
  660. 我今天不来了.
  661. 221
  662. 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:38,000
  663. 我今天不来了.
  664. 222
  665. 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,000
  666. I'm sick.
  667. 223
  668. 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:45,000
  669. 我病了.我病了.
  670. 224
  671. 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,000
  672. Here's the verb to get sick.
  673. 225
  674. 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:55,000
  675. 病,病,病.
  676. 226
  677. 00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:59,000
  678. Notice that the verb 病 is translated to get sick, not to be sick.
  679. 227
  680. 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:03,000
  681. The verb 病 is not a state verb, but a process verb.
  682. 228
  683. 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,000
  684. The process verb describes a change from one state to another.
  685. 229
  686. 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,000
  687. In this case, from being healthy to being ill.
  688. 230
  689. 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:12,000
  690. In other words, getting sick.
  691. 231
  692. 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:15,000
  693. Listen to it again, live.
  694. 232
  695. 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:19,000
  696. 我今天不来了.我病了.
  697. 233
  698. 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:24,000
  699. Notice that the sentence we translated as I'm sick ends with the marker 了.
  700. 234
  701. 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,000
  702. This marker signals the completion of the process.
  703. 235
  704. 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,000
  705. Up until now, we've called this the marker for completed action.
  706. 236
  707. 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,000
  708. But as you see, it's also the marker for completed process.
  709. 237
  710. 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:38,000
  711. A better translation for this sentence might be, I've become sick.
  712. 238
  713. 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:41,000
  714. Listen to it again, live.
  715. 239
  716. 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:46,000
  717. 我今天不来了.我病了.
  718. 240
  719. 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:50,000
  720. Notice that the sentence 我今天不来了.
  721. 241
  722. 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,000
  723. I'm not coming today, also ends with the marker 了.
  724. 242
  725. 00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:56,000
  726. This is the marker 了 for new situations.
  727. 243
  728. 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:59,000
  729. Contrary to what he did yesterday and contrary to what he expected to do today,
  730. 244
  731. 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,000
  732. he's not coming to school.
  733. 245
  734. 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:03,000
  735. To signal this change in the situation,
  736. 246
  737. 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,000
  738. he uses the marker 了 at the end of the sentence.
  739. 247
  740. 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,000
  741. Check your comprehension.
  742. 248
  743. 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:11,000
  744. 我今天不来了.
  745. 249
  746. 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,000
  747. I'm not coming today.
  748. 250
  749. 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:16,000
  750. 我病了.
  751. 251
  752. 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,000
  753. I'm sick.
  754. 252
  755. 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000
  756. A couple of days later,
  757. 253
  758. 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000
  759. 程大刚 is back in class.
  760. 254
  761. 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,000
  762. Are you better today?
  763. 255
  764. 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:28,000
  765. 今天好了没有?
  766. 256
  767. 00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,000
  768. 今天好了没有?
  769. 257
  770. 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000
  771. I'm all right today.
  772. 258
  773. 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000
  774. 今天好了.
  775. 259
  776. 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,000
  777. 今天好了.
  778. 260
  779. 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,000
  780. Notice that the verb 好 to be good or well
  781. 261
  782. 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:46,000
  783. is used here to talk about getting well,
  784. 262
  785. 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:50,000
  786. or as we translated it in the sentence to get better.
  787. 263
  788. 00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:52,000
  789. There's an explanation for these different usages.
  790. 264
  791. 00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:56,000
  792. The verb 好 can be either a state verb or a process verb.
  793. 265
  794. 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:00,000
  795. As a state verb 好 means to be good or well.
  796. 266
  797. 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:03,000
  798. As a process verb, it means to get well.
  799. 267
  800. 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,000
  801. Listen to the exchange line.
  802. 268
  803. 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000
  804. 今天好了没有?
  805. 269
  806. 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:11,000
  807. 今天好了.
  808. 270
  809. 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:16,000
  810. The process verb 好 to get well occurs here with combined 了.
  811. 271
  812. 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:21,000
  813. That is the marker 了,which indicates a completed action and a new situation.
  814. 272
  815. 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,000
  816. Check the reference notes for more about process verb.
  817. 273
  818. 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,000
  819. Notice also that the question,
  820. 274
  821. 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,000
  822. are you better today?
  823. 275
  824. 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:30,000
  825. 你今天好了没有?
  826. 276
  827. 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,000
  828. is not formed with the question mark or mark.
  829. 277
  830. 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,000
  831. Here it's formed with 没有.
  832. 278
  833. 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,000
  834. This can be done in sentences in which the verb is marked for a completed action.
  835. 279
  836. 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,000
  837. Here's the exchange again, live.
  838. 280
  839. 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000
  840. 今天好了没有?
  841. 281
  842. 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000
  843. 今天好了.
  844. 282
  845. 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,000
  846. Check your comprehension.
  847. 283
  848. 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:52,000
  849. 今天好了没有?
  850. 284
  851. 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:53,000
  852. Are you better today?
  853. 285
  854. 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000
  855. 今天好了.
  856. 286
  857. 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000
  858. I'm all right today.
  859. 287
  860. 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,000
  861. Here's another conversation between two classmates.
  862. 288
  863. 00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,000
  864. Listen to them lie.
  865. 289
  866. 00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:07,000
  867. 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
  868. 290
  869. 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:10,000
  870. 这个星期还没来?
  871. 291
  872. 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,000
  873. 他病了吗?
  874. 292
  875. 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,000
  876. 他没病,他母亲病了.
  877. 293
  878. 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:18,000
  879. Again.
  880. 294
  881. 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,000
  882. 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
  883. 295
  884. 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,000
  885. 这个星期还没来?
  886. 296
  887. 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:25,000
  888. 他病了吗?
  889. 297
  890. 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:29,000
  891. 他没病,他母亲病了.
  892. 298
  893. 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,000
  894. Check your comprehension.
  895. 299
  896. 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:37,000
  897. 李德芬上个星期没来啊.
  898. 300
  899. 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:41,000
  900. 李德芬 didn't come last week.
  901. 301
  902. 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:45,000
  903. 这个星期还没来?
  904. 302
  905. 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,000
  906. And this week she still hasn't come.
  907. 303
  908. 00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,000
  909. 她病了吗?
  910. 304
  911. 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,000
  912. Is she sick?
  913. 305
  914. 00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:58,000
  915. 她没病,她母亲病了.
  916. 306
  917. 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:02,000
  918. She's not sick, her mother's sick.
  919. 307
  920. 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,000
  921. As a final review of what we've covered so far,
  922. 308
  923. 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:09,000
  924. try translating each of the following sentences from the target list.
  925. 309
  926. 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:12,000
  927. Number one.
  928. 310
  929. 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:16,000
  930. 你今天还有课吗?
  931. 311
  932. 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,000
  933. Do you have any more classes today?
  934. 312
  935. 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:21,000
  936. 没有课了.
  937. 313
  938. 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,000
  939. I don't have any more classes.
  940. 314
  941. 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:26,000
  942. Number two.
  943. 315
  944. 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:32,000
  945. 你从前念英文念了多久?
  946. 316
  947. 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,000
  948. How long did you study English?
  949. 317
  950. 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:40,000
  951. 我念英文念了六年.
  952. 318
  953. 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,000
  954. I studied English for six years.
  955. 319
  956. 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,000
  957. Number three.
  958. 320
  959. 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:51,000
  960. 你念法文念了多久了?
  961. 321
  962. 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:55,000
  963. How long have you been studying French?
  964. 322
  965. 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,000
  966. 我念了一年了.
  967. 323
  968. 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,000
  969. I've been studying it for a year.
  970. 324
  971. 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:04,000
  972. Number four.
  973. 325
  974. 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:08,000
  975. 去年我还不会写中国字.
  976. 326
  977. 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,000
  978. Last year I couldn't write Chinese characters.
  979. 327
  980. 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:15,000
  981. 现在我会写一点了.
  982. 328
  983. 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,000
  984. Now I can write a little bit.
  985. 329
  986. 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:19,000
  987. Number five.
  988. 330
  989. 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:22,000
  990. 你父亲是军人吗?
  991. 331
  992. 00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,000
  993. Is your father in the military?
  994. 332
  995. 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:30,000
  996. 是,他是海军军官.
  997. 333
  998. 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:33,000
  999. Yes, he's a naval officer.
  1000. 334
  1001. 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:35,000
  1002. Number six.
  1003. 335
  1004. 00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:38,000
  1005. 你现在念什么呢?
  1006. 336
  1007. 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:42,000
  1008. What are you studying now?
  1009. 337
  1010. 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:45,000
  1011. 我念法文呢.
  1012. 338
  1013. 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,000
  1014. I'm studying French.
  1015. 339
  1016. 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:51,000
  1017. Number seven.
  1018. 340
  1019. 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:55,000
  1020. 我今天不来了.
  1021. 341
  1022. 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:58,000
  1023. I'm not coming today.
  1024. 342
  1025. 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,000
  1026. 我病了.
  1027. 343
  1028. 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,000
  1029. I'm sick.
  1030. 344
  1031. 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,000
  1032. Number eight.
  1033. 345
  1034. 00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,000
  1035. 你今天好了没有?
  1036. 346
  1037. 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:09,000
  1038. Are you better today?
  1039. 347
  1040. 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,000
  1041. 今天好了.
  1042. 348
  1043. 00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:15,000
  1044. I'm all right today.
  1045. 349
  1046. 00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,000
  1047. You may want to rewind and listen to this part of the tape again.
  1048. 350
  1049. 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000
  1050. If you feel you're ready, go on to the P1 tape.
  1051. 351
  1052. 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:23,000
  1053. This is the end of the tape.
  1054. 352
  1055. 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:42,000
  1056. And of biographic information unit eight comprehension tape one.