FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 02 BIO - Unit 08 - Tape 8P-1.mp3.vtt 22 KB

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  1. WEBVTT
  2. 00:00.000 --> 00:06.500
  3. Standard Chinese, A Modular Approach, Biographic Information Module Unit 8, Production Tape 1
  4. 00:07.500 --> 00:14.000
  5. On the comprehension tape in this unit, you learn to understand a number of expressions telling about what you've done and how long you did it.
  6. 00:14.500 --> 00:17.500
  7. You also learn some expressions used in talking about military service.
  8. 00:18.000 --> 00:22.000
  9. Before you go on to learn how to say these things, check your understanding of them.
  10. 00:22.500 --> 00:24.500
  11. Put the following sentences into English.
  12. 00:25.000 --> 00:26.000
  13. Number 1
  14. 00:26.000 --> 00:30.000
  15. 你今天還有課嗎?
  16. 00:33.000 --> 00:35.000
  17. Do you have any more classes today?
  18. 00:36.000 --> 00:37.000
  19. 沒有課了
  20. 00:39.000 --> 00:41.000
  21. I don't have any more classes.
  22. 00:41.500 --> 00:42.500
  23. Number 2
  24. 00:43.000 --> 00:46.000
  25. 你從前念英文念了多久?
  26. 00:49.000 --> 00:51.000
  27. How long did you study English?
  28. 00:51.000 --> 00:56.000
  29. 我念英文念了四年
  30. 00:57.000 --> 01:00.000
  31. I studied English for four years.
  32. 01:01.000 --> 01:02.000
  33. Number 3
  34. 01:03.000 --> 01:06.000
  35. 你念法文念了多久了?
  36. 01:08.000 --> 01:11.000
  37. How long have you been studying French?
  38. 01:12.000 --> 01:14.000
  39. 我念了一年了
  40. 01:16.000 --> 01:19.000
  41. I've been studying it for one year.
  42. 01:19.000 --> 01:20.000
  43. Number 4
  44. 01:21.000 --> 01:24.000
  45. 去年我還不會寫中國字
  46. 01:26.000 --> 01:29.000
  47. Last year I couldn't write Chinese characters.
  48. 01:30.000 --> 01:32.000
  49. 現在我會寫一點了
  50. 01:34.000 --> 01:36.000
  51. Now I can write a little bit.
  52. 01:37.000 --> 01:38.000
  53. Number 5
  54. 01:39.000 --> 01:41.000
  55. 你父親是軍人嗎?
  56. 01:43.000 --> 01:45.000
  57. Is your father a military man?
  58. 01:45.000 --> 01:49.000
  59. 是,他是海軍軍官
  60. 01:51.000 --> 01:53.000
  61. Yes, he's a naval officer.
  62. 01:54.000 --> 01:55.000
  63. Number 6
  64. 01:57.000 --> 01:58.000
  65. 我今天不來了
  66. 02:00.000 --> 02:02.000
  67. I'm not coming today.
  68. 02:03.000 --> 02:04.000
  69. 我病了
  70. 02:05.000 --> 02:06.000
  71. I'm sick.
  72. 02:07.000 --> 02:08.000
  73. Number 7
  74. 02:10.000 --> 02:11.000
  75. 今天好了嗎?
  76. 02:11.000 --> 02:13.000
  77. Are you better today?
  78. 02:14.000 --> 02:15.000
  79. 今天好嗎?
  80. 02:18.000 --> 02:19.000
  81. I'm all right today.
  82. 02:21.000 --> 02:23.000
  83. If you had any problems with these sentences,
  84. 02:23.000 --> 02:25.000
  85. rewind the tape and work on them some more.
  86. 02:26.000 --> 02:27.000
  87. If you understood them,
  88. 02:27.000 --> 02:29.000
  89. you should begin learning how to say them.
  90. 02:29.000 --> 02:31.000
  91. Listen to this first exchange.
  92. 02:32.000 --> 02:34.000
  93. Karl Matthews and Chen Da Gang
  94. 02:34.000 --> 02:35.000
  95. are talking after class.
  96. 02:37.000 --> 02:39.000
  97. 你今天還有課嗎?
  98. 02:39.000 --> 02:41.000
  99. 你今天還有課嗎?
  100. 02:42.000 --> 02:43.000
  101. 沒有課了
  102. 02:45.000 --> 02:46.000
  103. Repeat the word for class.
  104. 02:48.000 --> 02:49.000
  105. 02:50.000 --> 02:51.000
  106. 02:52.000 --> 02:53.000
  107. 02:55.000 --> 02:57.000
  108. Repeat, I don't have any more classes.
  109. 02:59.000 --> 03:00.000
  110. 沒有課了
  111. 03:02.000 --> 03:03.000
  112. 沒有課了
  113. 03:03.000 --> 03:07.000
  114. 沒有課了
  115. 03:21.000 --> 03:22.000
  116. Repeat the word for class.
  117. 03:23.000 --> 03:24.000
  118. 沒有課了
  119. 03:25.000 --> 03:26.000
  120. 沒有課了
  121. 03:30.000 --> 03:31.000
  122. You have no more classes.
  123. 03:31.000 --> 03:33.160
  124. never occurred with the marker l'er
  125. 03:33.160 --> 03:34.960
  126. or that is true for most verbs
  127. 03:34.960 --> 03:37.080
  128. the verb yo is an exception
  129. 03:37.080 --> 03:40.440
  130. other verbs negated with bu occur with new situation l'er
  131. 03:40.440 --> 03:42.640
  132. to give the idea of not anymore
  133. 03:42.640 --> 03:44.240
  134. or punien hula
  135. 03:44.240 --> 03:46.640
  136. I'm not going to study anymore
  137. 03:46.640 --> 03:49.880
  138. since the verb yo never takes the negative prefix bu
  139. 03:49.880 --> 03:52.760
  140. you hear the prefix me along with the marker l'er
  141. 03:52.760 --> 03:55.120
  142. an expression such as me or l'er
  143. 03:55.120 --> 03:57.040
  144. there is no more
  145. 03:57.040 --> 03:58.160
  146. how do you say
  147. 03:58.160 --> 04:03.480
  148. I don't have any more classes
  149. 04:03.480 --> 04:06.880
  150. 没有课了
  151. 04:06.880 --> 04:08.040
  152. how would you say
  153. 04:08.040 --> 04:13.520
  154. he's not coming anymore
  155. 04:13.520 --> 04:17.520
  156. 他不来了
  157. 04:17.520 --> 04:18.720
  158. how would you say
  159. 04:18.720 --> 04:24.920
  160. she's not going to study anymore
  161. 04:24.920 --> 04:28.080
  162. 他不念书了
  163. 04:28.080 --> 04:30.800
  164. proresponding in the exchange yourself now
  165. 04:30.800 --> 04:32.400
  166. when asked if you have any more classes
  167. 04:32.400 --> 04:35.480
  168. answer that you don't
  169. 04:35.480 --> 04:40.520
  170. 你今天还有课吗
  171. 04:40.520 --> 04:43.200
  172. 没有课了
  173. 04:43.200 --> 04:45.720
  174. again
  175. 04:45.720 --> 04:50.200
  176. 你今天还有课吗
  177. 04:50.200 --> 04:54.400
  178. 没有课了
  179. 04:54.400 --> 04:58.160
  180. since claire matthews and chuan dagang have the rest of the day free
  181. 04:58.160 --> 05:00.360
  182. they are going to visit the palace museum
  183. 05:00.360 --> 05:03.560
  184. on the ride out to the museum they talk
  185. 05:03.560 --> 05:07.000
  186. 你从前念英文念了多久
  187. 05:07.000 --> 05:10.920
  188. 我念英文念了六年
  189. 05:10.920 --> 05:13.600
  190. when you want to ask someone how long they did something
  191. 05:13.600 --> 05:16.040
  192. you first state the activity you're asking about
  193. 05:16.040 --> 05:18.640
  194. then you repeat the verb and ask how long
  195. 05:18.640 --> 05:19.640
  196. repeat
  197. 05:19.640 --> 05:22.760
  198. how long did you study English
  199. 05:22.760 --> 05:29.880
  200. 你念英文念了多久
  201. 05:29.880 --> 05:34.760
  202. 你念英文念了多久
  203. 05:34.760 --> 05:38.920
  204. notice that any aspect marker such as the marker lower for completed action
  205. 05:38.920 --> 05:41.240
  206. follows the second verb in the question
  207. 05:41.240 --> 05:42.520
  208. repeat again
  209. 05:42.520 --> 05:44.960
  210. how long did you study English
  211. 05:44.960 --> 05:51.600
  212. 你念英文念了多久
  213. 05:51.600 --> 05:57.920
  214. 你念英文念了多久
  215. 05:57.920 --> 06:01.920
  216. if you want to make it even more clear that you're asking about a completed action here
  217. 06:01.920 --> 06:04.120
  218. you can add the adverb从前
  219. 06:04.120 --> 06:05.880
  220. formerly or in the past
  221. 06:05.880 --> 06:06.840
  222. repeat
  223. 06:06.840 --> 06:09.800
  224. how long did you study English
  225. 06:09.800 --> 06:18.080
  226. 你从前念英文念了多久
  227. 06:18.080 --> 06:24.760
  228. 你从前念英文念了多久
  229. 06:24.760 --> 06:28.040
  230. notice that any adverb of time such as从前
  231. 06:28.040 --> 06:30.880
  232. comes before the first verb in the sentence
  233. 06:30.880 --> 06:33.040
  234. try asking the question yourself now
  235. 06:33.040 --> 06:42.280
  236. ask how long did you study English
  237. 06:42.280 --> 06:46.080
  238. 你从前念英文念了多久
  239. 06:46.080 --> 06:50.960
  240. 我念英文念了六年
  241. 06:50.960 --> 06:57.000
  242. again
  243. 06:57.000 --> 07:00.280
  244. 你从前念英文念了多久
  245. 07:00.280 --> 07:05.160
  246. 我念英文念了六年
  247. 07:05.160 --> 07:08.320
  248. listen as the conversation continues
  249. 07:08.320 --> 07:10.760
  250. 你现在念什么呢
  251. 07:10.760 --> 07:14.200
  252. 我念法文呢
  253. 07:14.200 --> 07:17.120
  254. repeat the word for French
  255. 07:17.120 --> 07:25.880
  256. 法文
  257. 07:25.880 --> 07:29.720
  258. repeat I'm studying French
  259. 07:29.720 --> 07:38.040
  260. 我念法文呢
  261. 07:38.040 --> 07:42.280
  262. the marker no is used to indicate an ongoing activity
  263. 07:42.280 --> 07:45.640
  264. take the part of Tan Da Gang and answer the question
  265. 07:45.640 --> 07:49.080
  266. say that you're studying French now
  267. 07:49.080 --> 07:55.160
  268. 你现在念什么呢
  269. 07:55.160 --> 07:59.240
  270. 我念法文呢
  271. 07:59.240 --> 08:00.960
  272. again
  273. 08:00.960 --> 08:06.960
  274. 你现在念什么呢
  275. 08:06.960 --> 08:11.320
  276. 我念法文呢
  277. 08:11.320 --> 08:12.840
  278. Claire has another question
  279. 08:12.840 --> 08:14.680
  280. lie
  281. 08:14.680 --> 08:18.440
  282. 你念法文念了多久了
  283. 08:18.440 --> 08:21.920
  284. 我念了一年了
  285. 08:21.920 --> 08:26.840
  286. repeat how long have you been studying French
  287. 08:26.840 --> 08:34.520
  288. 你念法文念了多久了
  289. 08:34.520 --> 08:41.040
  290. 你念法文念了多久了
  291. 08:41.040 --> 08:45.080
  292. in this question you're asking about the duration of an ongoing action
  293. 08:45.080 --> 08:47.400
  294. you've seen this before in questions such as
  295. 08:47.400 --> 08:49.160
  296. 你来了多久了
  297. 08:49.160 --> 08:52.280
  298. where the marker law for completed action follows the verb
  299. 08:52.280 --> 08:56.840
  300. and the marker law for new situations comes at the end of the sentence
  301. 08:56.840 --> 08:58.400
  302. repeat the question again
  303. 08:58.400 --> 09:01.800
  304. how long have you been studying French
  305. 09:01.800 --> 09:09.960
  306. 你念法文念了多久了
  307. 09:09.960 --> 09:15.400
  308. 你念法文念了多久了
  309. 09:15.400 --> 09:19.680
  310. notice again that the aspect markers come in the second part of the sentence
  311. 09:19.680 --> 09:20.960
  312. ask the question again
  313. 09:20.960 --> 09:27.440
  314. this time you'll get a reply
  315. 09:27.440 --> 09:30.640
  316. 你念法文念了多久了
  317. 09:30.640 --> 09:35.080
  318. 我念了一年了
  319. 09:35.080 --> 09:39.080
  320. again
  321. 09:39.080 --> 09:43.720
  322. 你念法文念了多久了
  323. 09:43.720 --> 09:47.720
  324. 我念了一年了
  325. 09:47.720 --> 09:49.480
  326. here's a short review
  327. 09:49.480 --> 09:59.040
  328. how do you ask how long did you study English
  329. 09:59.040 --> 10:05.680
  330. 你从前念英文念了多久
  331. 10:05.680 --> 10:09.040
  332. how do you ask how long have you been studying French
  333. 10:09.040 --> 10:20.240
  334. 你念法文念了多久了
  335. 10:20.240 --> 10:30.000
  336. how would you say I studied history for two years
  337. 10:30.000 --> 10:35.600
  338. 我念历史念了两年
  339. 10:35.600 --> 10:39.000
  340. how would you say I've been studying Chinese for two years
  341. 10:39.000 --> 10:50.240
  342. 我念中文念了两年了
  343. 10:50.240 --> 10:52.880
  344. now Chen Da Gang has a question for Clara
  345. 10:52.880 --> 10:55.280
  346. listen
  347. 10:55.280 --> 10:58.080
  348. 你会写中国字吗
  349. 10:58.080 --> 11:00.680
  350. 会一点
  351. 11:00.680 --> 11:03.520
  352. repeat the expression a little bit
  353. 11:03.520 --> 11:13.440
  354. 一点
  355. 11:13.440 --> 11:17.040
  356. repeat I can a little
  357. 11:17.040 --> 11:20.880
  358. 会一点
  359. 11:20.880 --> 11:24.360
  360. 会点
  361. 11:24.360 --> 11:29.320
  362. 会点
  363. 11:29.320 --> 11:35.120
  364. try answering the question yourself
  365. 11:35.120 --> 11:39.280
  366. 你会写中国字吗
  367. 11:39.280 --> 11:41.720
  368. 会一点
  369. 11:41.720 --> 11:43.760
  370. again
  371. 11:43.760 --> 11:48.040
  372. 你会写中国字吗
  373. 11:48.040 --> 11:52.400
  374. 会一点
  375. 11:52.400 --> 11:54.360
  376. now let's take a look at the question
  377. 11:54.360 --> 11:57.200
  378. repeat the verb to write
  379. 11:57.200 --> 12:05.760
  380. 12:05.760 --> 12:09.440
  381. repeat Chinese characters
  382. 12:09.440 --> 12:19.840
  383. 中国字
  384. 12:19.840 --> 12:24.240
  385. repeat can you write Chinese characters
  386. 12:24.240 --> 12:32.040
  387. 你会写中国字吗
  388. 12:32.040 --> 12:37.320
  389. 你会写中国字吗
  390. 12:37.320 --> 12:44.160
  391. as an auxiliary verb 会 can comes before the main verb 写 to write
  392. 12:44.160 --> 12:45.800
  393. try asking the question yourself now
  394. 12:45.800 --> 12:47.360
  395. you'll get a reply
  396. 12:47.360 --> 12:53.320
  397. can you write Chinese characters
  398. 12:53.320 --> 12:56.360
  399. 你会写中国字吗
  400. 12:56.360 --> 12:59.120
  401. 会一点
  402. 12:59.120 --> 13:04.840
  403. again
  404. 13:04.840 --> 13:07.840
  405. 你会写中国字吗
  406. 13:07.840 --> 13:10.840
  407. 会一点
  408. 13:10.840 --> 13:14.000
  409. clure continue
  410. 13:14.000 --> 13:16.240
  411. 去年我还不会写
  412. 13:16.240 --> 13:21.320
  413. 现在我会写一点了
  414. 13:21.320 --> 13:22.320
  415. repeat
  416. 13:22.320 --> 13:25.000
  417. last year I couldn't write them
  418. 13:25.000 --> 13:31.880
  419. 去年我还不会写
  420. 13:31.880 --> 13:38.480
  421. 去年我还不会写
  422. 13:38.480 --> 13:42.000
  423. notice that even though you're talking about something that happened last year
  424. 13:42.000 --> 13:44.200
  425. the negative mark of 不 is used
  426. 13:44.200 --> 13:48.400
  427. as a state verb 会 can only be negated with 不
  428. 13:48.400 --> 13:49.680
  429. repeat again
  430. 13:49.680 --> 13:54.080
  431. last year I couldn't yet write them
  432. 13:54.080 --> 14:02.920
  433. 去年我还不会写
  434. 14:02.920 --> 14:05.480
  435. notice also the use of the adverb 还
  436. 14:05.480 --> 14:07.560
  437. which can mean yet
  438. 14:07.560 --> 14:11.080
  439. the adverb 还 is used in this sentence to emphasize the fact that
  440. 14:11.080 --> 14:13.840
  441. even last year she couldn't yet write Chinese
  442. 14:13.840 --> 14:15.320
  443. the use of 还
  444. 14:15.320 --> 14:16.920
  445. like the use of yet in English
  446. 14:16.920 --> 14:20.480
  447. leaves you expecting some change in the situation
  448. 14:20.480 --> 14:21.760
  449. how do you say
  450. 14:21.760 --> 14:27.880
  451. last year I couldn't write them
  452. 14:27.880 --> 14:32.760
  453. 去年我还不会写
  454. 14:32.760 --> 14:34.480
  455. now repeat
  456. 14:34.480 --> 14:37.720
  457. now I can write them a little bit
  458. 14:37.720 --> 14:44.240
  459. 现在我会写一点了
  460. 14:44.240 --> 14:52.760
  461. 现在我会写一点了
  462. 14:52.760 --> 14:56.040
  463. the marker learned in this sentence is the new situation marker
  464. 14:56.040 --> 14:59.520
  465. signaling the change in her learning to write Chinese characters
  466. 14:59.520 --> 15:04.080
  467. the marker learned for new situations always goes at the end of the sentence
  468. 15:04.080 --> 15:05.640
  469. repeat again
  470. 15:05.640 --> 15:08.720
  471. now I can write them a little bit
  472. 15:08.720 --> 15:14.200
  473. 现在我会写一点了
  474. 15:14.200 --> 15:19.080
  475. 现在我会写一点了
  476. 15:19.080 --> 15:22.760
  477. notice that there is no equivalent of the word them in the Chinese sentence
  478. 15:22.760 --> 15:24.120
  479. you're actually saying
  480. 15:24.120 --> 15:25.920
  481. now I can write a little bit
  482. 15:25.920 --> 15:29.480
  483. the contact makes it clear that you're referring to Chinese characters
  484. 15:29.480 --> 15:30.720
  485. how do you say
  486. 15:30.720 --> 15:37.800
  487. last year I couldn't yet write them
  488. 15:37.800 --> 15:41.960
  489. 去年我还不会写
  490. 15:41.960 --> 15:43.080
  491. how do you say
  492. 15:43.080 --> 15:50.200
  493. now I can write them a little bit
  494. 15:50.200 --> 15:56.920
  495. 现在我会写一点了
  496. 15:56.920 --> 15:59.080
  497. here's a quick vocabulary review
  498. 15:59.080 --> 16:03.800
  499. what's the word for French
  500. 16:03.800 --> 16:05.720
  501. 法文
  502. 16:05.720 --> 16:09.920
  503. what's the word for class
  504. 16:09.920 --> 16:11.680
  505. 16:11.680 --> 16:15.880
  506. what's the verb to write
  507. 16:15.880 --> 16:17.880
  508. 16:17.880 --> 16:22.440
  509. how do you say Chinese characters
  510. 16:22.440 --> 16:26.120
  511. 中国字
  512. 16:26.120 --> 16:29.960
  513. later in the conversation Claire asks
  514. 16:29.960 --> 16:32.240
  515. 你父亲是军人吗
  516. 16:32.240 --> 16:33.280
  517. 16:33.280 --> 16:37.600
  518. 他是海军军官
  519. 16:37.600 --> 16:40.440
  520. repeat military man
  521. 16:40.440 --> 16:42.800
  522. 军人
  523. 16:42.800 --> 16:45.720
  524. 军人
  525. 16:45.720 --> 16:49.080
  526. 军人
  527. 16:49.080 --> 16:53.360
  528. repeat is your father a military man
  529. 16:53.360 --> 16:59.160
  530. 你父亲是军人吗
  531. 16:59.160 --> 17:04.960
  532. 你父亲是军人吗
  533. 17:04.960 --> 17:07.200
  534. price saying it ahead of the speaker
  535. 17:07.200 --> 17:13.200
  536. is your father a military man
  537. 17:13.200 --> 17:17.280
  538. 你父亲是军人吗
  539. 17:17.280 --> 17:18.680
  540. ask the question again
  541. 17:18.680 --> 17:20.520
  542. this time you'll get a reply
  543. 17:20.520 --> 17:25.760
  544. is your father a military man
  545. 17:25.760 --> 17:28.440
  546. 你父亲是军人吗
  547. 17:28.440 --> 17:29.240
  548. 17:29.240 --> 17:32.560
  549. 他是海军军官
  550. 17:32.560 --> 17:36.520
  551. again
  552. 17:36.520 --> 17:39.040
  553. 你父亲是军人吗
  554. 17:39.040 --> 17:39.880
  555. 17:39.880 --> 17:44.640
  556. 他是海军军官
  557. 17:44.640 --> 17:46.520
  558. now let's take a look at the answer
  559. 17:46.520 --> 17:49.800
  560. repeat officer
  561. 17:49.800 --> 17:52.400
  562. 军官
  563. 17:52.400 --> 17:55.120
  564. 军官
  565. 17:55.120 --> 17:57.960
  566. 军官
  567. 17:57.960 --> 18:00.960
  568. repeat navy
  569. 18:00.960 --> 18:03.640
  570. 海军
  571. 18:03.640 --> 18:06.520
  572. 海军
  573. 18:06.520 --> 18:10.080
  574. 海军
  575. 18:10.080 --> 18:13.520
  576. repeat naval officer
  577. 18:13.520 --> 18:17.520
  578. 海军军官
  579. 18:17.520 --> 18:22.320
  580. 海军军官
  581. 18:22.320 --> 18:23.560
  582. repeat
  583. 18:23.560 --> 18:27.040
  584. he's a naval officer
  585. 18:27.040 --> 18:32.760
  586. 他是海军军官
  587. 18:32.760 --> 18:37.640
  588. 他是海军军官
  589. 18:37.640 --> 18:38.560
  590. repeat
  591. 18:38.560 --> 18:41.680
  592. yes he's a naval officer
  593. 18:41.680 --> 18:42.680
  594. 18:42.680 --> 18:48.760
  595. 他是海军军官
  596. 18:48.760 --> 18:49.520
  597. 18:49.520 --> 18:54.480
  598. 他是海军军官
  599. 18:54.480 --> 18:57.160
  600. try answering the question yourself now
  601. 18:57.160 --> 19:00.520
  602. say that he's a naval officer
  603. 19:00.520 --> 19:06.800
  604. 你父亲是军人吗
  605. 19:06.800 --> 19:07.520
  606. 19:07.520 --> 19:12.400
  607. 他是海军军官
  608. 19:12.400 --> 19:14.760
  609. again
  610. 19:14.760 --> 19:20.480
  611. 你父亲是军人吗
  612. 19:20.480 --> 19:21.240
  613. 19:21.240 --> 19:26.120
  614. 他是海军军官
  615. 19:26.120 --> 19:30.120
  616. what's the word for officer
  617. 19:30.120 --> 19:32.280
  618. 军官
  619. 19:32.280 --> 19:36.920
  620. what's the word for military man
  621. 19:36.920 --> 19:40.680
  622. 军人
  623. 19:40.680 --> 19:45.840
  624. how do you say naval officer
  625. 19:45.840 --> 19:50.880
  626. 海军军官
  627. 19:50.880 --> 19:52.360
  628. a couple of days later
  629. 19:52.360 --> 19:53.400
  630. 陈大刚
  631. 19:53.400 --> 19:58.160
  632. call clare to say that he won't be in class
  633. 19:58.160 --> 20:00.000
  634. 我今天不来了
  635. 20:00.000 --> 20:03.240
  636. 我病了
  637. 20:03.240 --> 20:06.840
  638. repeat the verb to get sick
  639. 20:06.840 --> 20:09.920
  640. 20:09.920 --> 20:12.640
  641. 20:12.640 --> 20:14.920
  642. 20:14.920 --> 20:18.840
  643. the verb 病 to get sick is a process verb
  644. 20:18.840 --> 20:23.440
  645. as the name implies a process verb describes change from one state to another
  646. 20:23.440 --> 20:25.520
  647. like the change from raw to cooked
  648. 20:25.520 --> 20:28.080
  649. or the change from frozen to thawed
  650. 20:28.080 --> 20:30.560
  651. here the change is from healthy to ill
  652. 20:30.560 --> 20:32.120
  653. repeat I'm sick
  654. 20:32.120 --> 20:33.400
  655. or more literally
  656. 20:33.400 --> 20:36.160
  657. I've gotten sick
  658. 20:36.160 --> 20:39.120
  659. 我病了
  660. 20:39.120 --> 20:43.120
  661. 我病了
  662. 20:43.120 --> 20:46.640
  663. the marker lure in this sentence signals the completion of the process
  664. 20:46.640 --> 20:50.240
  665. that is he's no longer just coming down with something he's got it
  666. 20:50.240 --> 20:55.320
  667. how do you say I'm sick
  668. 20:55.320 --> 20:58.440
  669. 我病了
  670. 20:58.440 --> 21:03.240
  671. now repeat I'm not coming today
  672. 21:03.240 --> 21:08.440
  673. 我今天不来了
  674. 21:08.440 --> 21:12.040
  675. 我今天不来了
  676. 21:12.040 --> 21:16.600
  677. notice the use of the marker lure for new situation to indicate that there's a change
  678. 21:16.600 --> 21:18.920
  679. the change is in his usual routine
  680. 21:18.920 --> 21:21.400
  681. today he won't be coming to school
  682. 21:21.400 --> 21:23.200
  683. repeat I'm not coming today
  684. 21:23.200 --> 21:26.240
  685. I'm sick
  686. 21:26.240 --> 21:28.200
  687. 我今天不来了
  688. 21:28.200 --> 21:33.480
  689. 我病了
  690. 21:33.480 --> 21:35.480
  691. 我今天不来了
  692. 21:35.480 --> 21:41.520
  693. 我病了
  694. 21:41.520 --> 21:43.600
  695. try saying it ahead of the speaker
  696. 21:43.600 --> 21:44.720
  697. I'm not coming today
  698. 21:44.720 --> 21:50.840
  699. I'm sick
  700. 21:50.840 --> 21:52.720
  701. 我今天不来了
  702. 21:52.720 --> 21:59.240
  703. 我病了
  704. 21:59.240 --> 22:00.600
  705. a day or two later
  706. 22:00.600 --> 22:02.600
  707. 程大刚 is back at school
  708. 22:02.600 --> 22:05.000
  709. he talks with Clara
  710. 22:05.000 --> 22:06.880
  711. 今天好了没有
  712. 22:06.880 --> 22:10.080
  713. 今天好了
  714. 22:10.080 --> 22:16.240
  715. repeat are you better today
  716. 22:16.240 --> 22:21.920
  717. 今天好了没有
  718. 22:21.920 --> 22:24.720
  719. 今天好了没有
  720. 22:24.720 --> 22:29.160
  721. here the verb how is the process verb to get better to become well
  722. 22:29.160 --> 22:32.000
  723. not the state verb to be good or well
  724. 22:32.000 --> 22:35.760
  725. as a process verb how can occur with combined look
  726. 22:35.760 --> 22:38.200
  727. which shows both that the process is completed
  728. 22:38.200 --> 22:40.840
  729. and that a new situation has occurred
  730. 22:40.840 --> 22:42.200
  731. repeat again
  732. 22:42.200 --> 22:45.560
  733. are you better today
  734. 22:45.560 --> 22:50.120
  735. 今天好了没有
  736. 22:50.120 --> 22:54.320
  737. 今天好了没有
  738. 22:54.320 --> 22:56.360
  739. notice that the question here is formed using
  740. 22:56.360 --> 22:58.200
  741. mail not ma
  742. 22:58.200 --> 23:00.680
  743. this can be done whenever the sentence includes a marker
  744. 23:00.680 --> 23:03.560
  745. lure for completed action
  746. 23:03.560 --> 23:09.520
  747. how do you say are you better today
  748. 23:09.520 --> 23:15.920
  749. 今天好了没有
  750. 23:15.920 --> 23:17.560
  751. ask the question again
  752. 23:17.560 --> 23:19.400
  753. this time you'll get a reply
  754. 23:19.400 --> 23:22.840
  755. are you better today
  756. 23:22.840 --> 23:25.480
  757. 今天好了没有
  758. 23:25.480 --> 23:29.080
  759. 今天好了
  760. 23:29.080 --> 23:33.120
  761. again
  762. 23:33.120 --> 23:34.680
  763. 今天好了没有
  764. 23:34.680 --> 23:38.640
  765. 今天好了
  766. 23:38.640 --> 23:41.200
  767. now let's review what's been covered on this tape
  768. 23:41.200 --> 23:44.760
  769. put the following sentences into Chinese
  770. 23:44.760 --> 23:46.400
  771. number one
  772. 23:46.400 --> 23:52.320
  773. do you have any more classes today
  774. 23:52.320 --> 23:57.000
  775. 你今天还有课吗
  776. 23:57.000 --> 24:01.280
  777. I don't have any more classes
  778. 24:01.280 --> 24:05.000
  779. 没有课了
  780. 24:05.000 --> 24:06.240
  781. number two
  782. 24:06.240 --> 24:13.040
  783. how long did you study English
  784. 24:13.040 --> 24:17.840
  785. 你从前念英文念了多久
  786. 24:17.840 --> 24:24.640
  787. I studied English for four years
  788. 24:24.640 --> 24:30.960
  789. 我念英文念了四年
  790. 24:30.960 --> 24:32.360
  791. number three
  792. 24:32.360 --> 24:39.080
  793. what are you studying now
  794. 24:39.080 --> 24:42.320
  795. 你现在念什么呢
  796. 24:42.320 --> 24:46.480
  797. I'm studying French
  798. 24:46.480 --> 24:49.720
  799. 我念法文了
  800. 24:49.720 --> 24:51.600
  801. number four
  802. 24:51.600 --> 24:58.320
  803. how long have you been studying French
  804. 24:58.320 --> 25:02.360
  805. 你念法文念了多久了
  806. 25:02.360 --> 25:08.560
  807. I've been studying it for one year
  808. 25:08.560 --> 25:11.680
  809. 我念了一年了
  810. 25:11.680 --> 25:13.080
  811. number five
  812. 25:13.080 --> 25:21.760
  813. last year I couldn't write Chinese characters
  814. 25:21.760 --> 25:25.720
  815. 去年我还不会写中文字
  816. 25:25.720 --> 25:32.080
  817. now I can write them a little
  818. 25:32.080 --> 25:36.080
  819. 现在我会写一点了
  820. 25:36.080 --> 25:37.560
  821. number six
  822. 25:37.560 --> 25:43.400
  823. is your father a military man
  824. 25:43.400 --> 25:48.200
  825. 你父亲是军人吗
  826. 25:48.200 --> 25:54.680
  827. yes he's a naval officer
  828. 25:54.680 --> 25:59.160
  829. 是他是海军军官
  830. 25:59.160 --> 26:00.320
  831. number seven
  832. 26:00.320 --> 26:05.800
  833. I'm not coming today
  834. 26:05.800 --> 26:09.120
  835. 我今天不来了
  836. 26:09.120 --> 26:12.280
  837. I'm sick
  838. 26:12.280 --> 26:15.920
  839. 我病了
  840. 26:15.920 --> 26:17.640
  841. number eight
  842. 26:17.640 --> 26:21.920
  843. are you better today
  844. 26:21.920 --> 26:25.680
  845. 今天好了没有
  846. 26:25.680 --> 26:30.280
  847. I'm all right today
  848. 26:30.280 --> 26:33.720
  849. 今天好了
  850. 26:33.720 --> 26:35.280
  851. this is the end of the tape
  852. 26:35.280 --> 26:37.240
  853. and the photographic information
  854. 26:37.240 --> 27:06.320
  855. unit eight production tape one