eric
/
FSI-Chinese


			
				
					
						
						
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994995996997998999100010011002100310041005100610071008100910101011101210131014101510161017101810191020102110221023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701071107210731074107510761077107810791080108110821083108410851086108710881089109010911092109310941095109610971098109911001101110211031104110511061107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311541155115611571158115911601161116211631164116511661167116811691170117111721173117411751176117711781179118011811182118311841185118611871188118911901191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245124612471248124912501251125212531254125512561257125812591260126112621263126412651266126712681269127012711272127312741275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317131813191320132113221323132413251326132713281329133013311332133313341335133613371338133913401341134213431344134513461347134813491350135113521353135413551356135713581359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386138713881389139013911392139313941395139613971398139914001401140214031404140514061407140814091410141114121413141414151416141714181419142014211422142314241425142614271428142914301431143214331434143514361437143814391440144114421443144414451446144714481449145014511452145314541455145614571458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470147114721473147414751476147714781479148014811482148314841485148614871488148914901491149214931494149514961497149814991500150115021503150415051506150715081509151015111512151315141515151615171518151915201521152215231524152515261527152815291530153115321533153415351536153715381539154015411542154315441545154615471548154915501551155215531554155515561557155815591560156115621563156415651566156715681569157015711572157315741575157615771578157915801581158215831584158515861587158815891590159115921593159415951596159715981599160016011602160316041605160616071608160916101611161216131614161516161617161816191620162116221623162416251626162716281629163016311632163316341635163616371638163916401641164216431644164516461647164816491650165116521653165416551656165716581659166016611662166316641665166616671668166916701671167216731674167516761677167816791680168116821683168416851686168716881689169016911692169316941695169616971698169917001701170217031704170517061707170817091710171117121713171417151716171717181719172017211722172317241725172617271728172917301731173217331734173517361737173817391740174117421743174417451746174717481749175017511752175317541755175617571758175917601761176217631764176517661767176817691770177117721773177417751776177717781779178017811782178317841785178617871788178917901791179217931794179517961797179817991800180118021803180418051806180718081809181018111812181318141815181618171818181918201821182218231824182518261827182818291830183118321833183418351836183718381839184018411842184318441845184618471848184918501851185218531854185518561857185818591860186118621863186418651866186718681869187018711872187318741875187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938193919401941194219431944194519461947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040204120422043204420452046204720482049205020512052205320542055205620572058205920602061206220632064206520662067206820692070207120722073207420752076207720782079208020812082208320842085208620872088208920902091209220932094209520962097209820992100210121022103210421052106210721082109211021112112211321142115211621172118211921202121212221232124212521262127212821292130213121322133213421352136213721382139214021412142214321442145214621472148214921502151215221532154215521562157215821592160216121622163216421652166216721682169217021712172217321742175217621772178217921802181218221832184218521862187218821892190219121922193219421952196219721982199220022012202220322042205220622072208220922102211221222132214221522162217221822192220222122222223222422252226222722282229223022312232223322342235223622372238223922402241224222432244224522462247224822492250225122522253225422552256225722582259226022612262226322642265226622672268226922702271227222732274227522762277227822792280228122822283228422852286228722882289229022912292229322942295229622972298229923002301230223032304230523062307230823092310231123122313231423152316231723182319232023212322232323242325232623272328232923302331233223332334233523362337233823392340234123422343234423452346234723482349235023512352235323542355235623572358235923602361236223632364236523662367236823692370237123722373237423752376237723782379238023812382238323842385238623872388238923902391239223932394239523962397239823992400240124022403240424052406240724082409241024112412241324142415241624172418241924202421242224232424242524262427242824292430243124322433243424352436243724382439244024412442244324442445244624472448244924502451245224532454245524562457245824592460246124622463246424652466246724682469247024712472247324742475247624772478247924802481248224832484248524862487248824892490249124922493249424952496249724982499250025012502250325042505250625072508250925102511251225132514251525162517251825192520252125222523252425252526252725282529253025312532253325342535253625372538253925402541254225432544254525462547254825492550255125522553255425552556255725582559256025612562256325642565256625672568256925702571257225732574257525762577257825792580258125822583258425852586258725882589259025912592259325942595259625972598259926002601260226032604260526062607260826092610261126122613261426152616261726182619262026212622262326242625262626272628262926302631263226332634263526362637263826392640264126422643264426452646264726482649265026512652265326542655265626572658265926602661266226632664266526662667266826692670267126722673267426752676267726782679268026812682268326842685268626872688268926902691269226932694269526962697269826992700270127022703270427052706270727082709271027112712271327142715271627172718271927202721272227232724272527262727272827292730273127322733273427352736273727382739274027412742274327442745274627472748274927502751275227532754275527562757275827592760276127622763276427652766276727682769277027712772277327742775277627772778277927802781278227832784278527862787278827892790279127922793279427952796279727982799280028012802280328042805280628072808280928102811281228132814281528162817281828192820282128222823282428252826282728282829283028312832283328342835283628372838283928402841284228432844284528462847284828492850285128522853285428552856285728582859286028612862286328642865286628672868286928702871287228732874287528762877287828792880288128822883288428852886288728882889289028912892289328942895289628972898289929002901290229032904290529062907290829092910291129122913291429152916291729182919292029212922292329242925292629272928292929302931293229332934293529362937293829392940294129422943294429452946294729482949295029512952295329542955295629572958295929602961296229632964296529662967296829692970297129722973297429752976297729782979298029812982298329842985298629872988298929902991299229932994299529962997299829993000300130023003300430053006300730083009301030113012301330143015301630173018301930203021302230233024302530263027302830293030303130323033303430353036303730383039304030413042304330443045304630473048304930503051305230533054305530563057305830593060306130623063306430653066306730683069307030713072307330743075307630773078307930803081308230833084308530863087308830893090309130923093309430953096309730983099310031013102310331043105310631073108310931103111311231133114311531163117311831193120312131223123312431253126312731283129313031313132313331343135313631373138313931403141314231433144314531463147314831493150315131523153315431553156315731583159316031613162316331643165316631673168316931703171317231733174317531763177317831793180318131823183318431853186318731883189319031913192319331943195319631973198319932003201320232033204320532063207320832093210321132123213321432153216321732183219322032213222322332243225322632273228322932303231323232333234323532363237323832393240324132423243324432453246324732483249325032513252325332543255325632573258325932603261326232633264326532663267326832693270327132723273327432753276327732783279328032813282328332843285328632873288328932903291329232933294329532963297329832993300330133023303330433053306330733083309331033113312331333143315331633173318331933203321332233233324332533263327332833293330333133323333333433353336333733383339334033413342334333443345334633473348334933503351335233533354335533563357335833593360336133623363336433653366336733683369337033713372337333743375337633773378337933803381338233833384338533863387338833893390339133923393339433953396339733983399340034013402340334043405340634073408340934103411341234133414341534163417341834193420342134223423342434253426342734283429343034313432343334343435343634373438343934403441344234433444344534463447344834493450345134523453345434553456345734583459346034613462346334643465346634673468346934703471347234733474347534763477347834793480348134823483348434853486348734883489349034913492349334943495349634973498349935003501350235033504350535063507350835093510351135123513351435153516351735183519352035213522352335243525352635273528352935303531353235333534353535363537353835393540354135423543354435453546354735483549355035513552355335543555355635573558355935603561356235633564356535663567356835693570357135723573357435753576357735783579358035813582358335843585358635873588358935903591359235933594359535963597359835993600360136023603360436053606360736083609361036113612361336143615361636173618361936203621362236233624362536263627362836293630363136323633363436353636363736383639364036413642364336443645364636473648364936503651365236533654365536563657365836593660366136623663366436653666366736683669367036713672367336743675367636773678367936803681368236833684368536863687368836893690369136923693369436953696369736983699370037013702370337043705370637073708370937103711371237133714371537163717371837193720372137223723372437253726372737283729373037313732373337343735373637373738373937403741374237433744374537463747374837493750375137523753375437553756375737583759376037613762376337643765376637673768376937703771377237733774377537763777377837793780378137823783378437853786378737883789379037913792379337943795379637973798379938003801380238033804380538063807380838093810381138123813381438153816381738183819382038213822382338243825382638273828382938303831383238333834383538363837383838393840384138423843384438453846384738483849385038513852385338543855385638573858385938603861386238633864386538663867386838693870387138723873387438753876387738783879388038813882388338843885388638873888388938903891389238933894389538963897389838993900390139023903390439053906390739083909391039113912391339143915391639173918391939203921392239233924392539263927392839293930393139323933393439353936393739383939394039413942394339443945394639473948394939503951395239533954395539563957395839593960396139623963396439653966396739683969397039713972397339743975397639773978397939803981398239833984398539863987398839893990399139923993399439953996399739983999400040014002400340044005400640074008400940104011401240134014401540164017401840194020402140224023402440254026402740284029403040314032403340344035403640374038403940404041404240434044404540464047404840494050405140524053405440554056405740584059406040614062406340644065406640674068406940704071407240734074407540764077407840794080408140824083408440854086408740884089409040914092409340944095409640974098409941004101410241034104410541064107410841094110411141124113411441154116411741184119412041214122412341244125412641274128412941304131413241334134413541364137413841394140414141424143414441454146414741484149415041514152415341544155415641574158415941604161416241634164416541664167416841694170417141724173417441754176417741784179418041814182418341844185418641874188418941904191419241934194419541964197419841994200420142024203420442054206420742084209421042114212421342144215421642174218421942204221422242234224422542264227422842294230423142324233423442354236423742384239424042414242424342444245424642474248424942504251425242534254425542564257425842594260426142624263426442654266426742684269427042714272427342744275427642774278427942804281428242834284428542864287428842894290429142924293429442954296429742984299430043014302430343044305430643074308430943104311431243134314431543164317431843194320432143224323432443254326432743284329433043314332433343344335433643374338433943404341434243434344434543464347434843494350435143524353435443554356435743584359436043614362436343644365436643674368436943704371437243734374437543764377437843794380438143824383438443854386438743884389439043914392439343944395439643974398439944004401440244034404440544064407440844094410441144124413441444154416441744184419442044214422442344244425442644274428442944304431443244334434443544364437443844394440444144424443444444454446444744484449445044514452445344544455445644574458445944604461446244634464446544664467446844694470447144724473447444754476447744784479448044814482448344844485448644874488448944904491449244934494449544964497449844994500450145024503450445054506450745084509451045114512451345144515451645174518451945204521452245234524452545264527452845294530453145324533453445354536453745384539454045414542454345444545454645474548454945504551455245534554455545564557455845594560456145624563456445654566456745684569457045714572457345744575457645774578457945804581458245834584458545864587458845894590459145924593459445954596459745984599460046014602460346044605460646074608460946104611461246134614461546164617461846194620462146224623462446254626462746284629463046314632463346344635463646374638463946404641464246434644464546464647464846494650465146524653465446554656465746584659466046614662466346644665466646674668466946704671467246734674467546764677467846794680468146824683468446854686468746884689469046914692469346944695469646974698469947004701470247034704470547064707470847094710471147124713471447154716471747184719472047214722472347244725472647274728472947304731473247334734473547364737473847394740474147424743474447454746474747484749475047514752475347544755475647574758475947604761476247634764476547664767476847694770477147724773477447754776477747784779478047814782478347844785478647874788478947904791479247934794479547964797479847994800480148024803480448054806480748084809481048114812481348144815481648174818481948204821482248234824482548264827482848294830483148324833483448354836483748384839484048414842484348444845484648474848484948504851485248534854485548564857485848594860486148624863486448654866486748684869487048714872487348744875487648774878487948804881488248834884488548864887488848894890489148924893489448954896489748984899490049014902490349044905490649074908490949104911491249134914491549164917491849194920492149224923492449254926492749284929493049314932493349344935493649374938493949404941494249434944494549464947494849494950495149524953495449554956495749584959496049614962496349644965496649674968496949704971497249734974497549764977497849794980498149824983498449854986498749884989499049914992499349944995499649974998499950005001500250035004500550065007500850095010501150125013501450155016501750185019502050215022502350245025502650275028502950305031503250335034503550365037503850395040504150425043504450455046504750485049505050515052505350545055505650575058505950605061506250635064506550665067506850695070507150725073507450755076507750785079508050815082508350845085508650875088508950905091509250935094509550965097509850995100510151025103510451055106510751085109511051115112511351145115511651175118511951205121512251235124512551265127512851295130513151325133513451355136513751385139514051415142514351445145514651475148514951505151515251535154515551565157515851595160516151625163516451655166516751685169517051715172517351745175517651775178517951805181518251835184518551865187518851895190519151925193519451955196519751985199520052015202520352045205520652075208520952105211521252135214521552165217521852195220522152225223522452255226522752285229523052315232523352345235523652375238523952405241524252435244524552465247524852495250525152525253525452555256525752585259526052615262526352645265526652675268526952705271527252735274527552765277527852795280528152825283528452855286528752885289529052915292529352945295529652975298529953005301530253035304530553065307530853095310531153125313531453155316531753185319532053215322532353245325532653275328532953305331533253335334533553365337533853395340534153425343534453455346534753485349535053515352535353545355535653575358535953605361536253635364536553665367536853695370537153725373537453755376537753785379538053815382538353845385538653875388538953905391539253935394539553965397539853995400540154025403540454055406540754085409541054115412541354145415541654175418541954205421542254235424542554265427542854295430543154325433543454355436543754385439544054415442544354445445544654475448544954505451545254535454545554565457545854595460546154625463546454655466546754685469547054715472547354745475547654775478547954805481548254835484548554865487548854895490549154925493549454955496549754985499550055015502550355045505550655075508550955105511551255135514551555165517551855195520552155225523552455255526552755285529553055315532553355345535553655375538553955405541554255435544554555465547554855495550555155525553555455555556555755585559556055615562556355645565556655675568556955705571557255735574557555765577557855795580558155825583558455855586558755885589559055915592559355945595559655975598559956005601560256035604560556065607560856095610561156125613561456155616561756185619562056215622562356245625562656275628562956305631563256335634563556365637563856395640564156425643564456455646564756485649565056515652565356545655565656575658565956605661566256635664566556665667566856695670567156725673567456755676567756785679568056815682568356845685568656875688568956905691569256935694569556965697569856995700570157025703570457055706570757085709571057115712571357145715571657175718571957205721572257235724572557265727572857295730573157325733573457355736573757385739574057415742574357445745574657475748574957505751575257535754575557565757575857595760576157625763576457655766576757685769577057715772577357745775577657775778577957805781578257835784578557865787578857895790579157925793579457955796579757985799580058015802580358045805580658075808580958105811581258135814581558165817581858195820582158225823582458255826582758285829583058315832583358345835583658375838583958405841584258435844584558465847584858495850585158525853585458555856585758585859586058615862586358645865586658675868586958705871587258735874587558765877587858795880588158825883588458855886588758885889589058915892589358945895589658975898589959005901590259035904590559065907590859095910591159125913591459155916591759185919592059215922592359245925592659275928592959305931593259335934593559365937593859395940594159425943594459455946594759485949595059515952595359545955595659575958595959605961596259635964596559665967596859695970597159725973597459755976597759785979598059815982598359845985598659875988598959905991599259935994599559965997599859996000600160026003600460056006600760086009601060116012601360146015601660176018601960206021602260236024602560266027602860296030603160326033603460356036603760386039604060416042604360446045604660476048604960506051605260536054605560566057605860596060606160626063606460656066606760686069607060716072607360746075607660776078607960806081608260836084608560866087608860896090609160926093609460956096609760986099610061016102610361046105610661076108610961106111611261136114611561166117611861196120612161226123612461256126612761286129613061316132613361346135613661376138613961406141614261436144614561466147614861496150615161526153615461556156615761586159616061616162616361646165616661676168616961706171617261736174617561766177617861796180618161826183618461856186618761886189619061916192619361946195619661976198619962006201620262036204620562066207620862096210621162126213621462156216621762186219622062216222622362246225622662276228622962306231623262336234623562366237623862396240624162426243624462456246624762486249625062516252625362546255625662576258625962606261626262636264626562666267626862696270627162726273627462756276627762786279628062816282628362846285628662876288628962906291629262936294629562966297629862996300630163026303630463056306630763086309631063116312631363146315631663176318631963206321632263236324632563266327632863296330633163326333633463356336633763386339634063416342634363446345634663476348634963506351635263536354635563566357635863596360636163626363636463656366636763686369637063716372637363746375637663776378637963806381638263836384638563866387638863896390639163926393639463956396639763986399640064016402640364046405640664076408640964106411641264136414641564166417641864196420642164226423642464256426642764286429643064316432643364346435643664376438643964406441644264436444644564466447644864496450645164526453645464556456645764586459646064616462646364646465646664676468646964706471647264736474647564766477647864796480648164826483648464856486648764886489649064916492649364946495649664976498649965006501650265036504650565066507650865096510651165126513651465156516651765186519652065216522652365246525652665276528652965306531653265336534653565366537653865396540654165426543654465456546654765486549655065516552655365546555655665576558655965606561656265636564656565666567656865696570657165726573657465756576657765786579658065816582658365846585658665876588658965906591659265936594659565966597659865996600660166026603660466056606660766086609661066116612661366146615661666176618661966206621662266236624662566266627662866296630663166326633663466356636663766386639664066416642664366446645664666476648664966506651665266536654665566566657665866596660666166626663666466656666666766686669667066716672667366746675667666776678667966806681668266836684668566866687668866896690669166926693669466956696669766986699670067016702670367046705670667076708670967106711671267136714671567166717671867196720672167226723672467256726672767286729673067316732673367346735673667376738673967406741674267436744674567466747674867496750675167526753675467556756675767586759676067616762676367646765676667676768676967706771677267736774677567766777677867796780678167826783678467856786678767886789679067916792679367946795679667976798679968006801680268036804680568066807680868096810681168126813681468156816681768186819682068216822682368246825682668276828682968306831683268336834683568366837683868396840684168426843684468456846684768486849685068516852685368546855685668576858685968606861686268636864686568666867686868696870687168726873687468756876687768786879688068816882688368846885688668876888688968906891689268936894689568966897689868996900690169026903690469056906690769086909691069116912691369146915691669176918691969206921692269236924692569266927692869296930693169326933693469356936693769386939694069416942694369446945694669476948694969506951695269536954695569566957695869596960696169626963696469656966696769686969697069716972697369746975697669776978697969806981698269836984698569866987698869896990699169926993699469956996699769986999700070017002700370047005700670077008700970107011701270137014701570167017701870197020702170227023702470257026702770287029703070317032703370347035703670377038703970407041704270437044704570467047704870497050705170527053705470557056705770587059706070617062706370647065706670677068706970707071707270737074707570767077707870797080708170827083708470857086708770887089709070917092709370947095709670977098709971007101710271037104710571067107710871097110711171127113711471157116711771187119712071217122712371247125712671277128712971307131713271337134713571367137713871397140714171427143714471457146714771487149715071517152715371547155715671577158715971607161716271637164716571667167716871697170717171727173717471757176717771787179718071817182718371847185718671877188718971907191719271937194719571967197719871997200720172027203720472057206720772087209721072117212721372147215721672177218721972207221722272237224722572267227722872297230723172327233723472357236723772387239724072417242724372447245724672477248724972507251725272537254725572567257725872597260726172627263726472657266726772687269727072717272727372747275727672777278727972807281728272837284728572867287728872897290729172927293729472957296729772987299730073017302730373047305730673077308730973107311731273137314731573167317731873197320732173227323732473257326732773287329733073317332733373347335733673377338733973407341734273437344734573467347734873497350735173527353735473557356735773587359736073617362736373647365736673677368736973707371737273737374737573767377737873797380738173827383738473857386738773887389739073917392739373947395739673977398739974007401740274037404740574067407740874097410741174127413741474157416741774187419742074217422742374247425742674277428742974307431743274337434743574367437743874397440744174427443744474457446744774487449745074517452745374547455745674577458745974607461746274637464746574667467746874697470747174727473747474757476747774787479748074817482748374847485748674877488748974907491749274937494749574967497749874997500750175027503750475057506750775087509751075117512751375147515751675177518751975207521752275237524752575267527752875297530753175327533753475357536753775387539754075417542754375447545754675477548754975507551755275537554755575567557755875597560756175627563756475657566756775687569757075717572757375747575757675777578757975807581758275837584758575867587758875897590759175927593759475957596759775987599760076017602760376047605760676077608760976107611761276137614761576167617761876197620762176227623762476257626762776287629763076317632763376347635763676377638763976407641764276437644764576467647
							FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 05 TRN - Student Text
Foreign Service Institute

CM 0185 S

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS

INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR
COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO

DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0

TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC.,
WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE
SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND
THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR
WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF
CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS
NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE
DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.

IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS "HE," "HIM," AND "HIS" DENOTE BOTH
MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO
TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

AUGUST 1979

PREFACE

Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training
community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect
current usage in Beijing and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough
in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of
government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute,
the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S.
Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill,
John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C.
Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R.
Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T.
Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz
(CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in
space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S.
and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council
was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language
Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M.
Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown
University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy
project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center
and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on
the planning council and contributed material to the project. The
planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials
and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation
with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign
Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the
comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the
communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides.
Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the
student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the
staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials
subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao,
Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and
Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee,
Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and
Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of
dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang,
Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the
Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was
voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr.
Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,
Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A.
Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign
Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning
Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois;
and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of
the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the
DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course
materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing,
typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out
these tasks.                                         _

James R. Frith, Chairman

Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board

CONTENTS

Preface

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

Objectives

Map of Beijing

Map of Taipei

Target Lists

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Using buses

’’When"

"First," "last," "next," "previous"

Duō, "to be many," and. shǎo, "to be few"

Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation)

Drills

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The marker a and its variant ya

The locational endings -shang and -li

More on the marker ba

The aspect marker ne

"Then": j iù, zài, cái Drills

UNIT 3 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The prepositional verb bǎ

Adverbs expressing manner Drills

UNIT U Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Choice questions with háishi

More on topics and comments

Compound verbs of result Drills

UNIT 5 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Distances

Approximate numbers

Ban, "one half" Drills

UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)

Compound verbs of direction

More on new-situation le Drills

UNIT 7 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on compound verbs of result

"If"

Vocabulary Booster (Animals)

Drills

UNIT 8 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes .

"Why" and "because"

Time NOT spent

"All," "not all," "all...not"

"Again": you, zài Drills

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

Objectives

Target Lists

UNIT 1 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making an appointment

Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with"

Three words for "time"

The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing"

Comparisons: "more than"

More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making phone calls

The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever,"
"whoever," "wherever"

Verbs and general objects

Vocabulary Booster (Occupations)

Drills

UNIT 3

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Extending an invitation

"Not only...but also..."

Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"

"Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"

Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"

Drills

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Meeting people

More on completion le

The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing"

Duō and shǎo as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites)

Drills

UNIT 5

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Taking and leaving messages

Changing an appointment

The prepositional verb bǎ

Gang and gāngcái

More on compound verbs of result

Drills

UNIT 6

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Invitation to lunch

Comparisons: "less than" "even more"

Comparison overview

Sentence patterns: "although" and "both...and..."
Drills..........................235

UNIT T

Reference List......................2U1

Vocabulary........................2^3

Reference Notes ...................... 2hU

Arranging an introduction

Using word order to express "the" and "a"

Objects of reduplicated verbs

Three-part motion verbs

Verbs for "remember" and "forget"

Drills

UNIT 8

Reference List....................  .

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Declining invitations

The prepositional verb tì, "in place of"

More on compound verbs of result

Comparison: něng, kéyi, huì

Drills..........................266

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

The Transportation Module (TRN) will provide you with the skills needed
to use taxis, trains, buses, and planes in China.

Before starting this module, you must take and pass the DIR Criterion
Test.

The TRN Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material
from CRN, BIO, MON, DIR, and associated resource modules is also
included.

OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

-   1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the TRN
    Target Lists.

-   2. Say any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists when cued with
    its English equivalent.

-   3. Use the bus system: find out which buses go to a specific
    destination, at what times they leave, how often they run, where to
    buy tickets, where to change buses (if necessary), when the last bus
    of the day leaves, and where his stop is.

1. Take a taxi: hail one, tell the driver where to go, and use commands
such as "hurry," "slow down," and "stop here."

-   5. Use the train system: find out which trains go to a specific
    destination, at what times they leave, when and where to buy
    tickets, whether or not tickets are available for a train leaving on
    a specific date at a specific time, the distance to the destination,
    the duration of the train trip to that place, which platform the
    train leaves from, what to do with luggage, and whether or not the
    train has a dining car.

-   6. Take a plane: reserve a ticket for a certain date and time; find
    out whether or not the flight is direct, the duration of the flight,
    and traveling time to the airport; and arrange for transportation to
    the airport.

-   7. Describe in detail a trip (taken in the past or planned for the
    future): places visited (which places and what they are like),
    traveling companions, transportation for the trip, length of stay,
    number of previous trips to the same places.

    ro

    []
    NOTE The heavy dark lines show where rhe city walls were formerly
    located.

Taipei

[]

-   1. Dao Ximending qù, zuò Jilù chē?

Zuò Shíbālù.

-   2. Shíbālù chē duo bu duo?

Bù hěn duō.

-   3. Měi gé jǐfēn zhōng you yìbān chē?

-   h. Wo mēige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànying.

-   5. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng?

-   6. Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Ximending?

Shì. Shàng chē ba!

-   7. Dao Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wo.

-   8. Wǒ shì bu shi zài zhèli xià chē?

Bu shi. Xià yízhàn.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY

(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   9. shàng-

-   10. tōu-

-   11. gàosu

-   12. shǎo

-   13. xià chē

1U. yǒu(de) shíhou

-   15. chéng

What bus do you take to get to Ximending?

Take Number 18.

Are there many Number 18 buses?

Not very many.

How often is there a bus?

I go to see a movie every Saturday.

What time is the last bus?

Does this bus go to Ximending?

Yes. Get on!

When we get to Ximending, please tell me.

Is it here that I get off?

No. The next stop.

last, previous (something)

first (something)

to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for gàosong)

to be few

to get off the bus; "Out, please!"

sometimes

city

-   1. Dao zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhfdàchē?

Meiyou. Zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

-   2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

Zài chēshang mǎi piào.

-   3. Hǎo, xiànzài z3u ba!

U. Èi! Zǎnmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?

Hái mēi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.

-   5. Lǎojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?

Jiù zài nèige líìkSurshang.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. gōnggòng qìchē

-   7. -li

-   8. -shang

-   9. shàng ban

-   10. xià ban

Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?

No. Take the Number 1 bus; take it to Xīdān and change buses.

Where do we buy tickets?

We buy tickets on the bus.

Okay, let’s go now!

Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?

Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.

Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

public bus (local)

in (locational ending)

on

to start work, to go to work

to get off from work, to leave work

-   1. Wǒ yào zuò jìchéngchē dào huǒchēzhàn qu.

-   2. Wo zhǐ you zhè liǎngjiàn xíngli.

Hao, wǒ ba xíngli fang zai qiánbian.

-   3. Ní kāide tài kuài lei

-   4. Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

-   5. Women you shíjiān, láidejí.

-   6. Qǐng man yìdian kāi.

-   7. Biē kāi name kuài!

-   8. Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.

-   9. Bú yòng zhǎo le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P~1 tapes)

-   10. chūzū qìchē

-   11. láibuj í

-   12. qìchē

-   13. zhème

-   14. zènme

I want to take a taxi to the train station.

I have only these two suitcases.

Okay, 1*11 put the suitcases in front.

You are driving too fast!

He doesn't drive fast.

We have time. We can make it in time.

Please drive a little slower.

Don't drive so fast!

Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.

Keep the change.

taxi (PRC)

can't make it in time car, motor vehicle so, to this extent, in this way
so, to this extent, in this way

-   1. Wǒ xiǎng qù Tǎinān wan jitiān.

-   2. NǏ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùju qu hǎo ne?

Zuò huochē qu hǎo. Dào Tainán qù zuò Gōnglùju bú da fāngbian.

-   3. Zuò huǒchē děi xiān mǎi piào ma?

Nǐ zuìhǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqiǎn qù mǎi piào.

Zuò Gōnglùju ne?

Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

U. Nǐ yào zuò shēnme shíhoude chē?

Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

-   5. Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwǎn le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. chuān

-   7. dìtiě

-   8. dìxià huǒchē

-   9. wan (wǎnr)

-   10. -wan

I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.

Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?

It’s better to go by train. To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to
take the bus.

If I take the train, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days
ahead of time.

And if I take the bus?

It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

What train do you want to take?

I want to take a morning train.

I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.

boat, ship

subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiědào)

underground train, subway

to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself

to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)

-   1. Wǒ xiǎng dào Nanjing qù kànkan.

Ní Jìhua něitiān qù?

MÍngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.

-   2. Shanghai if Nánjlng you duǒ yuan?

You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōngll.

-   3. Zuò huǒchē yào zou duōshao shíhou?

Yào zǒu sìge bàn xiaoshí.

U. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjlng qù. YÍqián méi qùguo.

-   5. Bànge xiàoshí gòu le.

-   6. Wǒ xīwang xiàwù líkāi zhèr.

Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   7. dǎsuan

-   8. huòzhě (huòzhe)

-   9. ylhòu

-   10. zhōngtǒu

I would like to go to Nanjing to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.

How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?

It’s over 250 kilometers.

How long does it take to go by train?

It takes four and a half hours.

This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjing. I haven’t gone there
before.

Half an hour is enough.

I hope to leave here in the afternoon.

There’s an express at 1305.

to plan to

or (alternate form of huòshi) afterwards, later on, in the future hour
(alternate word for xiaoshí)

-   1. Huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?

Shíbādiàn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē.

-   2. Qǐng nǐ hǎ nǐde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.

-   3. Dào Shanghai qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?

-   U. Bú yòng JÍ. Hái zǎo ne. Nǐ xian zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.

-   5. Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shi bu shi kēyi nashang chē qu?

Kéyi bǎ xíngli nashang chē qu.

-   6. Zhèibān chē you cánchē ba?

You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.

Hǎojíle.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   7. ban

-   8. nashangqu náshanglai náxiaqu náxialai

-   9. pǎo

-   10. wan

-   11. yuètái

What time does the train leave?

It departs at 1855.

Please give me your passport and travel permit.

On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?

No need to be anxious. It’s still early. First, rest a bit in this
waiting room.

What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the
train?

You may take the suitcase onto the train.

This train has a dining car, I suppose?

Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.

Great.

to move

to take up

to bring up

to take down

to bring down

to run

to be late

train platform (alternate word for zhàntái, more common in Taiwan)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   1. Lao Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang  | Song, how are things going? Are   |
|     ne?                           | you busy?                         |
|                                   |                                   |
| Bu zēnme máng.                    | Not especially busy.              |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   2. Qǐng ni gēi wo ding        | Please reserve a plane ticket for |
|     yìzhang fēijī piào.           | me.                               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   3. Piào dìnghǎo le.           | The ticket has been reserved.     |
|                                   |                                   |
| Něibān fēijī?                     | Which flight? What time does it   |
|                                   | take off?                         |
| Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?               |                                   |
|                                   | Does this flight go directly to   |
| U. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi          | Guangzhou?                        |
| Guangzhou ma?                     |                                   |
|                                   | How much time does it take to go  |
| -   5. Cong Sānlǐtún dào          | from Sānlǐtún to the airport?     |
|     fēijīchǎng yào duōshao        |                                   |
|     shíjiān?                      | If I leave home at eight o’clock, |
|                                   | I can make it in time. Right?     |
| -   6. Ruguǒ wǒ bādiǎn zhōng      |                                   |
|     líkāi jiā, láidejí ba?        | Please send a car to pick me up   |
|                                   | and take me to the airport.       |
| -   7. Qǐng ni pài ge chē lai jiē |                                   |
|     wo, song wo dào fēijīchǎng    | to be satisfactorily completed    |
|     qu.                           |                                   |
|                                   | hotel                             |
| ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY    |                                   |
| (not presented on C-l and P-1     | to have come to an agreement      |
| tapes)                            | (about something); (something)    |
|                                   | has been agreed on                |
| -   8. -hǎo le                    |                                   |
|                                   | to have reached a conclusion      |
| -   9. luguǎn                     | (about something); (something)    |
|                                   | has been thought out              |
| -   10. shuōhǎo le                |                                   |
|                                   | if (alternate word for ruguǒ)     |
| -   11. xiǎnghǎo le               |                                   |
|                                   | to have finished doing            |
| -   12. yàoshi                    | (something); (something) has been |
|                                   | finished                          |
| -   13. zuòhǎo le                 |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

-   1. Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū men le "ba?

-   2. Nín wèishénme gang huílai you qù le ne?

Wo zhèicì dào Guangzhou qù shi yǐnwei wo you yige hen hǎode péngyou cong
Xianggang lai.

-   3. Women you yìnién měi jiàn le.

Tā ^ǐng ^(wo) Pei ta yìqǐ qù luxíng.

-   4. Sānge yuè yǐqiǎn tā hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.

-   5. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shěnme dìfang?

-   6. Hangzhou gēn Sūzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.

-   7. You jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.

-   8. Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba?

Méi dōu qùguo.

-   9. huí guo

-   10. huí J iā

-   11. huíqu

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   12. rènao

-   13. you yìsi

1U. méi(yǒu) yìsi

15. suǒyǐ (suōyi)

I haven’t seen you in a long time. You have been away, I suppose?

Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?

This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming
there from Hong Kong.

We had not seen each other for a year.

She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.

Three months ago she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come
or not.

What places did you go to?

Hangzhou and Sūzhōu are really beautiful.

If I have the chance, I would like to go again.

You have gone to all those places, I suppose?

I haven't been to all of them.

to return to one's native country

to come/go home

to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting to be
uninteresting therefore, so

UNIT 1

REFERENCE LIST

-   1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē?

-   B: Zuò Shíbālù.

-   2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?

-   B: Bù hēn duō.

-   3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?

B: Mei gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.

U. C: Wo mēige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyīng.

-   5. A: Zuìhōu yìbān chē shi Jidiǎn zhōng?

-   B: Shíyīdiān shífēn.

-   6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng?

E: Shì. Shàng chē ba!

-   7. A: Dào Xíméndīngde shíhou, qing gàosong wS.

F: Hao.

-   8. A: Hai you Jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?

F: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng.

What bus do you take to get to Ximending?

Take Number 18.

Are there many Number 18 buses?

Not very many.

How much time is there between buses?

There’s one every twenty minutes.

I go to see a movie every Saturday.

What time is the last bus?

Eleven-ten.

Does this bus go to Ximending?

Yes, Get on!

When we get to Ximending, please tell me.

Okay.

How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?

The next stop is Ximending.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

9. shàng-

10. tou-

last, previous (something) first (something)

  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
  11. gàosu            to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for gàosong)
  12. shǎo             to be few
  13. xià chē          to get off the bus; "Out, please!"
  11. y3u(de) shíhou   sometimes
  15. chéng            city
  -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
|                                   | VOCABULARY                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -ban                              | (counter for regularly scheduled  |
|                                   | trips of buses, planes, subways,  |
|                                   | trains, etc.)                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chē chéng                         | vehicle, bus, car city            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| duō                               | to be many                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -fēn                              | a minute                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gàosong gàosu gé                  | to tell, to inform to tell, to    |
|                                   | inform to separate, to divide off |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| jīlù chē                          | what number bus                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| mēi-                              | every, each                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shàng shàng-shǎo                  | to get on                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | last, previous (something) to be  |
|                                   | few                               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| tou-                              | first (something)                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xià xià-xià chē Xīméndīng         | to get off                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | next (something)                  |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to get off the bus; ’’Out,        |
|                                   | please!” (an area of Taipei)      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| you(de) shíhou                    | sometimes                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zhàn zuìhòu                       | a stop, a station last, final     |
|                                   | (something)                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| (introduced on                    | C-2 and P-2 tapes)                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Běihǎi Gōngyuán biéde shíhou      | (a famous park in Beijing) other  |
|                                   | times                             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Dōng j īng fang jià hǎowán        | Tokyo                             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to close for a holiday            |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to be fun (lit., ’’good for       |
|                                   | relaxing")                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| hui                               | will                              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| sljì                              | driver of a hired vehicle let’s   |
|                                   | go                                |
| zou ba                            |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

-   1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuo jīlù chē?

-   B: Zuò Shíbālù.

-   2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?

-   B: Bù hen duō.

What bus do you take to get to Ximending?

Take Number 18.

Are there many Number 18 buses?

Not very many.

Notes on Nos. 1-2

Xīméndīng literally means "West Gate dīng"—dīng being a Japanese term
for "district." Xīméndīng is the area of Taipei which surrounds the
former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops,
department stores, and movie theaters.

Lù is the word for "route." The question jīlù? asks for the route number
of the bus.

Zuò, "to ride/to go by/to take Ea conveyance]":¹ Here zuò (literally,
"to sit") means to go by some means of transportation which the
passenger is inside of (e.g., car, plane, boat, train, bus, elevator—NOT
a motorcycle or a horse). In exchange 1, zuò is used as a main verb. It
can also be used as a prepositional verb, as in

Nī zěnme qù?                    How are you going? (i.e. , by what

means of transportation)

Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù.               I am going by train.

Duō, "to be many/much," is an adjectival verb.² There are several points
to remember about duō:

-   a. Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it
    (e.g., xīn zhuōzi, "new table"; dà fángzi, "big house"). However,
    when duō is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by
    hen or tài.

Tā māile hen duō dōngxi.     He bought a lot of things.

Běijīng jiēshang you hen     There are many toilets on the

duō cèsuǒ.                    streets of Béijīng.

-   b. Much more often, however, duō is used as the main verb of a
    sentence.

Nīde shū zhēn duō!           You really have a lot of books!

Jīntiān jiēshangde rén       There are a lot of people out today,

hen duō.                      (literally, "on the streets

today")

-   c. Often it does not occur to students to use duō as the main verb
    of a sentence because in English they do not usually say "The
    students are many." They would say "There are many students," with
    "many" as an adjective preceding "students." Compare:

    came.

  ------------ ----------------- --------
  (There are   a lot of people   here.)
  Zhèrde       rén hěn duō.      
  ------------ ----------------- --------

(A lot of people

Láide rén hěn duō.

NOTE: Shao, "to be few," is used in almost the same ways as duō. (See
Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary.)

-   3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you How much time is there between
    buses? yìbān chē?

B: Mēi gé èrshifēn zhōng you There’s one every twenty minutes, yìbān.

Notes on No. 3

Měi- is the word for "each," "every."

Gé is a verb meaning "to separate," "to divide." It is used for
intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., "every half
hour"). In exchange 3, gé refers to the length of time between buses.

  -------- ----------------------- ---------- --------
  měi      gé                      duōshao    shíhou
  (every   divide-off [intervals   how much   time)
  -------- ----------------------- ---------- --------

"(every) how often"

The first sentence could also be translated as "How often is there a
bus?" or "How often do the buses run?"

Yìbān chē: The counter -bān is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of a
vehicle. Yìbān chē is one bus run.

Ershifēn zhōng: The counter -fēn, for minutes, is usually followed by
zhōng, "clock." (Zhōng means "o’clock" in telling time.) "One minute" is
yìfēn zhōng.

  ------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------- ------
  Měi     gé         èrshifēn zhōng   you        yìbān       chē.
  (each   interval   twenty minutes   there is   one Crun]   bus)
  ------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ----------- ------

"There’s a bus every twenty minutes."

U. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù I go to see a movie every Saturday, kān
diànyìng.

Notes on No. U

Měige: When used with a noun, měi- acts as a specifier and must be
followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter.

měi(ge) rén                every person

měizhāng zhuōzi            every table

meitian                     every day

Dōu, "all": Here the adverb dōu implies "each and every," or "without

exception"—"every Saturday, without exception." When the subject of a
sentence is specified by měi-, the following verb is usually modified by
the adverb dōu.

5. A: Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?

B: Shíyīdiǎn shífēn.

What time is the last bus?

Eleven-ten.

Note on No. 5

Zuìhòu yìbān chē: Zuì is the word for "most," or "-est." Zuìhòu means
"latest," or "last." Note the order in which the elements of this phrase
appear:

zuìhòu

yì

-bān

chē

"the last bus"

(last

one

run

bus)

Both the number and

the counter are

required

in this

phrase.

  ---------- ------- ---- ------ ----- ------ -----------------
  Compare:   tóu     yì   -ban   chē   "the   first bus"
             xià     yì   -ban   chē   "the   next bus"
             shàng   yì   -ban   chē   "the   last (previous)
                          ■ J          bus    j"
  ---------- ------- ---- ------ ----- ------ -----------------

(See Note on No. 8 and Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for xià-,
’’next”; shàng-, ’’last,” ’’previous”; and tóu-, ’’first.”)

6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng?

E: Shì. Shàng chē ba!

Does this bus go to Ximending?

Yes. Get on!

Notes on No. 6

Shì bu shi qù, ’’does it go to":³ The use of shì bu shi qù rather than
qù bu qu in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the
bus does go to Ximending and wants to make sure. (Zhèbān chē qù bu qu
Xīméndīng? would also be correct.)

Qù Xīméndīng, "go to Ximending": The destination directly follows the
main verb qu. You now know two ways to indicate destination:

Wǒ dào Xīméndīng qù. I am going to Ximending.

Wǒ qù Xīméndīng.

The two forms are equally widely used.

Shàng chē: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the
meaning was "to go up" in Shàng lóu, yòubian Jiù shi mài dìtúde. In this
exchange, the meaning of shàng is "to get on/in Ca vehicle!."

7. A: Dào Ximendingde shíhou, qīng gàosong wǒ.

F: Hǎo.

When we get to Ximending, please tell me.

Okay.

Note on No. 7

Dào Ximendíngde shíhou means when we arrive in Ximending.” If you want
to say, in Chinese, "when Lsomething happens!,” add -de shíhou to the
phrase which names the happening.

In English, "when” can mean either "during the same time” (e.g., "when I
was a student") or "immediately after" (e.g., "when the light turns
green"). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the

two meanings: -de shíhou for "at the after."

Wǒ zài Xiānggǎngde shíhou hěn xihuan qù kàn diànyǐng.

Wǒ dàole Tǎihěi yǐhòu, mǎile hěn duō Zhōngwén shū.

same time" and yíhòu for "immediately

When Ci.e. , while! I was in Hong Kong, I liked to go to the movies very
much.

When Ci.e., after! I got to Taipei, I bought a lot of Chinese books.

8. A: Hai you jizhàn dào Ximending?

F: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Ximending.

How many more stops are there to (before) Ximending?

The next stop is Ximending.

Note on No. 8

Xià yízhàn: Here xià means "the next." It is a specifier. Xià is usually
followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples:

xiàge yuè                  next month

xià yìbān chē              the next bus

The phrase xià yízhàn contains no counter because -zhàn, like -nián and
-tiān, is not used with a counter.

  ----- ---------------- ------------------------------------
  9.    shàng-           last, previous (something)
  10.   tóu-             first (something)
  11.   gàosu            to tell (alternate pronunciation)
  12.   shǎo             to be few
  13.   xià chē          to get off the bus; "Out, please!"
  1U.   yǒu(de) shíhou   sometimes
  15.   chéng            city
  ----- ---------------- ------------------------------------

Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary

The specifier shàng-, "last," "previous," is used in the same patterns
as xià-.

shàngge yuè                last month

shàng yìbān chē            the previous bus

Tou-, "first," literally "head": Let’s contrast dì- and tóu-: Dì- has no
meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an
ordinal number: for example, sān, "three," becomes dìsān, "third," as in
dìsānge men, "the third door." Tóu- has a meaning of its own: "first,"
as in tóusānge men, "the first three doors."

Tóu- is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun
that does not require a counter).

tóuliǎngge rén             the first two people

tóusānběn                  the first three volumes

tóusìtiān                  the first four days

Notice that tóuliǎngge, "the first two," and dìèrge, "the second one,"
must use different words for "two," because

tóuliǎngge     (COUNTING)

dìèrge         (NOT COUNTING)

Tóuyige, "the first one," and dìyíge, "the first one," are similar in
meaning and often interchangeable.

Gàosu, "to tell": Gàosong is the usual colloquial pronunciation in
Beijing speech. Gàosu is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many
other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei
setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses gàosong tells you that he
is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan.

Shǎo, "to be few": Most of the comments about duō in these Reference
Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb shǎo. Most
frequently shǎo is used as the main verb of a sentence.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wǒde qian bu shǎo.                | I have quite a bit of money.      |
|                                   |                                   |
| Zài Taiwan meiyou gōngzuòde rén   | There are few people in Taiwan    |
| hen shǎo.                         | who do not have Jobs.             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

One point deserves special attention: Although you may say hěn duō shū
for "a lot of books," you may not say hěn shǎo shū. Hěn shǎo can rarely
modify a noun which follows—and neither can tài shǎo, zhēn shǎo, and
related expressions.

Xiǎ chē, "to get off Ea vehicle]," may be used to signal that you wish
to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as
"Out, please," or "Getting off, getting off," used by passengers in
crowded buses and elevators.

You(de) shíhou, "sometimes," precedes the verb of a sentence, as other
time expressions do.

Tā yǒude shíhou kǎn Yīngwén He sometimes reads English newspapers, bào.

Wǒ you shíhou zuò Shíbālù Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. chē.

Originally, chěng meant "city wall." This early meaning still affects
modern usage: you must say "going INto the city," not just "to the
city."

Tā jīntiān dào chěnglǐtou qù. He is going to the city today.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Modes of Transportation

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ■bicycle                          | zìxíngchē EBēijīngJ ; jiǎotàchē   |
|                                   | ETaiwan1                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| boat motorboat rowboat sailboat   | chuan                             |
| sampan                            |                                   |
|                                   | qìtīng huátǐng fānchuán shānbǎn   |
| bus                               |                                   |
|                                   | gōnggòng qìchē chángtū qìchē      |
| coach (long-distance)             |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| car (automobile)                  | qìchē, chēzi, chē                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| helicopter horseback riding       | zhíshēngfēijī qí ma               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jeep                              | J ípǔchē                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| motorcycle                        | motuōchē                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| plane Jet                         | fēijī                             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | pēnqìshì fēijī, pēnqìjī EPRC3;    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | pēnshèshì fēijī, pēnshèjī         |
|                                   | ETaiwanJ                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| subway                            | dìxiàtiē, dìtiě, dìxià huǒchē     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| taxi                              | chūzū qìchē, chūzū chē EPRC3;     |
|                                   | jìchéngchē ETaiwani               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| train trolley truck               | huǒchē diànchē kachē              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| walking                           | zǒu lù                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

DRILLS

-   A. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dao Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē?

(cue) hasn’t yet

(What bus do you take to get to Ximending?)

-   2. Dao Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already

-   3. Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò Jīlù chē? did not

U. Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet

-   5. Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already

-   6. Dào tā jiā qù, zuò Jīlù chē? hasn’t yet

-   7. Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jīlù chē? did not

You: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē tā hǎi méi gàosu wo.

(He hasn’t yet told me what bus to take to get to Ximending.)

Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yījīng gàosu wo le.

Dào Nǎnjīng Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo.

Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò Jīlù chē, tā hāi méi gàosu wo.

Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yījīng gàosu wo le.

Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hǎi méi gàosu wo.

Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo.

-   B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuò Shíbālù chē.

(Take the Number 18 bus.)

-   2. Zuò Yílù chē.

-   3. Zuò Shílù chē.

-   U. Zuò Liùlù chē.

5. Zuò Wǔlù chē.

You: Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíbālù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

(Please tell me, would it be all right to take the Number 18 bus?)

Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Yílù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shílù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Liùlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

Qīng ni gàosu wo, zuò Wǔlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

6. Zuò Qílù chē.

7. Zuò Shíèrlù chē.

Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Qílù chē, kéyi "bu keyi?

Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíèrlù chē, kéyi bu keyi?

-   C. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Mei gě duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? (cue) èrshifēn
    zhōng (How often is there a bus?)

    2.

You; Mei gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

(There’s a bus every twenty minutes.)

Měi gé shífēn zhōng yōu yìbān chē.

Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé bāfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé shíèrfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

-   D. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?

(cue) èrshifēn zhōng

(Are there many Number 18 buses?)

You: BÙ shǎo. Měi gě èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.

(Quite a few. There’s one every twenty minutes.)

2.

YÍlù chē duō bu duo? wǔfēn zhōng

Bù shāo.

yìbān.

Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you

3.

Dao Táinān qùde chē duō bu duo? wǔshifēn zhōng

Bù shāo. yìbān.

Měi gé wǔshifēn zhōng you

U.

Dào Jīlōng qùde chē duō bu duo? sìshifēn zhōng

Bù shāo. yìbān.

Měi gé sìshifēn zhōng you

5.

Shílù chē duō bu duo? shífēn zhōng

Bù shāo. yìbān.

Měi gé shífēn zhōng you

6.

Sānlù chē duō bu duo? èrshiwǔfēn zhōng

Bù shāo. Měi gé èrshiwufēn zhōng you yìbān.

7.

Èrlù chē duō bu duo? shíwǔfēn zhōng

Bù shāo.

yìbān.

Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng you

-   E. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

(cue) Taizhōng

(What time is that bus?)

You: Qíngwèn, dào Taizhōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdian zhōng? (May I ask,
what time is that bus to Taizhong?)

  ---- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
  2.   Neibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tainan   Qǐngwèn, dào Tāinān qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?
  3.   Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?          Qǐngwèn, dào Jīlōng qùde nèibān
       Jīlōng                                chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?
  4.   Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?          Qīngwèn, dào Jiāyì qùde nèibān chē
       Jiāyì                                 shi jǐdiān zhōng?
  5.   Nèibān chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?          Qǐngwèn, dào Tāiběi qùde nèibān chē
       Tāiběi                                shi jǐdiān zhōng?
  6.   Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?          Qǐngwèn, dào Huāliān qùde nèibān
       Huāliān                               chē shi Jǐdiān zhōng?
  ---- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------

-   7. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? Gāoxiōng

Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qu.de nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng?

-   F. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē?

(cue) 11:10

(Is this the last bus?)

You: Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn shífēn.

(No. The last bus is at 11:10.)

2. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:30

3. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 12:00

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn ban.

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn.

U. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11: HO

5. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 12:10

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn sìshifēn.

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn shífēn.

6. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:00

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn.

7. Zhè shi bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 10:50

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shídiǎn wúshifēn.

-   G. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhèibān chē dào Xīméndīng qù ma?

(Does this bus go to Ximending?)

-   2. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōngshān Bǎilù qù ma?

-   3. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōnghuā Lù qù ma?

-   4. Zhèibān chē dào Zìyōu Lù qù ma?

You: Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Xīméndīng?

(Does this bus go to Ximending?)

Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Zhōngshān Běilù?

Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù Zhōnghuā Lù?

Zhèibān chē shi bu shi qù ZÌyōu Lù?

-   5. Zhèibān chē dào Rénài LÙ qù ma?

-   6. Zhèibān chē dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qù ma?

-   7. Zhèibān chē dào Hépíng Xīlù qù ma?

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Rénài Lù?

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Nanjing Dōnglù?

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Hépíng Xīlù?

-   H. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker; Tā xià chē le.

(cue) Xīméndīng

(He got off the bus.)

OR Tā xià chē.

(cue) Xīméndīng

(He is getting off the bus.)

-   2. Tā shàng chē le. Zhōngshān Běilù

-   3. Tā shàng chē. Hépíng Dōnglù

U. Tā xià chē le. MÍnshēng Lù

5. Tā shàng chē le. Rénài LÙ

6. Tā xià chē. Zhōnghuā Lù

You; Tā shì zài Xīméndīng xiàde chē. (He got off the bus at Ximending.)

Tā zài Xīméndīng xià chē.

(He is getting off the bus at Ximending.)

Tā shì zài Zhōngshān Běilù shàngde chē.

Tā zài Hépíng Dōnglù shàng chē.

Tā shì zài MÍnshēng Lù xiàde chē.

Tā shì zài Rénài Lù shàngde chē.

Tā zài Zhōnghuā Lù xià chē.

I. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker; Dào Xīméndīng qīng gàosu wo.

(cue) shíhou

(When we GET TO Ximending, please tell me.)

You; Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou qīng gàosu wo.

(When we get to XIMENDING, please tell me.)

-   2. Dào Zhōngshān Běilù qīng gàosu Dào Zhōngshān Běilù yīqiān qīng
    wo.    yīqiān                       gàosu wo.

-   3. Dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qīng gàosu Dào Nānjīng Dōnglùde shíhou qīng
    wo.    shíhou                        gàosu wo.

!♦. Dào Rénài LÙ qǐng gàosu wo. yīqián

-   5. Dào Mínquán Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou

-   6. Dào Hépíng Xīlù qǐng gàosu wo. yīqián

-   7. Dào Zìyéu Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou

Dào Rénài Lu yīqián qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Mínquán Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Hépíng Xīlù yīqián qīng gàosu wo.

Dào Zìyéu Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

-   J. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Hái you Jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?

(cue) xià

(How many more stops are there to [beforeJ Ximending?)

OR Hai you jīzhàn dào Xīméndīng?

(cue) 3

(How many more stops are there to [before! Ximending?)

-   2. Hai you jīzhàn dào Zhōnghuá Lù? xià

-   3. Hai you jīzhàn dào Nanjīng Dōnglù? 2

U. Hai you Jīzhàn dào Xīnshēng Nanlù?    xià

5. Hái you Jīzhàn dào Zìyéu Lù?

2

6. Hai you Jīzhàn dào MÍnshēng Lù?

xià

You: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng. (The next stop is Ximending.)

Hai you sānzhàn Jiù shi Xīméndīng.

(Three more stops, and that’s Ximending.)

Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Zhōnghuá Lù.

Hai yōu liǎngzhàn jiù shi Nanjīng Dōnglù.

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīnshēng Nánlù.

Hai yōu liǎngzhàn Jiù shi Zìyéu Lù.

Xià yízhàn Jiù shi MÍnshēng Lù.

-   K. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā dào Zhōngguo qù. (cue) nián

(He goes to China.)

-   2. Tā kàn Zhōngguo diànyīng.

yuè

-   3. Tā dào Niǔ Yuē qù.    xīngqī

U.  Tā dào xuexiào lai.    tiān

-   5. Tā mǎi Yīngwen zāzhì.

Xīngqīwǔ

-   6. Tā dào càishichǎng qù. tiān

-   7. Tā kàn bào. tiān

You: Tā měiniān dōu dào Zhōngguo qù (He goes to China every year.)

Tā meige yuè dōu kàn Zhōngguo diànyīng.

Tā meige xīngqī dōu dào Niǔ Yuē qù.

Tā měitiān dōu dào xuexiào lai.

Tā meige Xīngqīwǔ dōu mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.

Tā meitiān dōu dào càishichǎng qù.

Tā měitiān dōu kàn bào.

UNIT 2

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

-   1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídāchē?

-   B: Meiyou.

-   2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jīlù chē ya?

-   B: Zuò Yílù chē.

-   3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

U. A: Zānmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

B: Zài chēshang mai piào.

5. B: Hao, xiànzài zǒu Bal

6. A: Èi! Zānmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?

-   B: Hǎi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cài xià chē.

7⁴ ⁴ C: Lāojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?

D: Jiù zài něige lùkǒurshang.

Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?

No.

What bus do you take to get there?

Take the Number 1 bus.

Take it to Xīdān and change buses.

Where do we buy tickets?

We buy tickets on the bus.

Okay, let’s go now!

Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?

Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.

Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   8. gōnggòng qìchē

-   9. -li

-   10. -shang

-   11. shàng ban

-   12. xià ban

public bus (local)

in (locational ending)

on

to start work, to go to work

to get off from work, to leave work

VOCABULARY

  ---------------- -------------------------------------
  ba               (tone softener)
  cái              then and only then, not until
  gōnggòng qìchē   public bus (local)
  -li              in (locational ending)
  piào (yìzhāng)   ticket, coupon
  qìchēzhàn        bus stop
  -shang           on (locational ending)
  shàng ban        to go to work, to start work
  xià ban          to get off from work, to leave work
  Xīdān            (a district in Beijīng)
  zánmen           we (specifically includes the
                   listener)
  zhǎnlǎnguǎn      exhibition hall
  zhídáchē         direct bus , nonstop bus
  zuS dao          to ride to
  zuòguò           to ride past
  ---------------- -------------------------------------

(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Andìngměn bī j iǎo dòngwuyuán     | (a neighborhood in Beijīng)       |
| liǎngcì Xiao (name)               | comparatively, relatively zoo two |
|                                   | times, twice                      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | Little (name) [familiar form of   |
|                                   | name among friends]               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiongmāo zhǎnlǎn                  | panda to exhibit                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zhèicì                            | this time                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou Is there a direct bus to the
exhibi-zhídǎchē?                       tion hall?

B: Meiyou.                          No.

Notes on No. 1

Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn is the topic of the first sentence in exchange 1.

Zhídǎchē refers to a city bus in exchange 1, although the word is more
properly used to refer to buses between cities.

Changed tones: You have now learned several three-syllable words in
which the middle syllable changes tone in normal fast speech. These
words and the changes you hear are

Jiǎnǎdà                               Jiānādà

Ximending                             Ximending

zhǎnlǎnguǎn        zhǎnlǎnguǎn        zhǎnlǎnguǎn

zhídǎchē                              zhídǎchē

(For further discussion of this type of tone change, see Tone Changes in
the P&R Summary.)

2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jilù chē ya?

B: Zuò Yīlù chē.

What bus do you take to get there? Take the Number 1 bus.

Note on No. 2

Ya is a variant form of the marker a_. If the word directly preceding
the a ends in a vowel, the semivowel y or w may be inserted; the marker
is then pronounced ya or wa. If the word directly preceding a. ends in a
consonant, that sound is carried forward as the initial sound of the
marker: /(consonant sound)a/

Ni shi nǎrde ren /n/a?

Ni xìng Wǎng /ng/a?

Ni hǎo /w/a?

Tǎ zhēn kuài /j/a!

3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

Take it to Xīdān and change buses.

Notes on No. 3

Zuò dao Xīdān: In earlier exchanges, phrases consisting of dào and a
place word were placed before the main verb in a sentence. In this
exchange, you see that dào + place word can also be placed after the
main verb. Dao is toneless when it follows the verb of a sentence.

Huàn is used in exchange 3 for "changing" from one bus to another. It
was used in earlier modules for "changing" from one currency to another.

U. A: Zānmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

Where do we buy tickets? We buy tickets on the bus.

B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào.

Notes on No. 4

Although spelled zānmen, this word is actually pronounced zámen, and in
everyday conversation even as zām. Both women and zānmen are translated
as "we." Most speakers of Chinese outside Běijīng use only women.

Many Chinese from Běijīng use the pronoun women only when the person
being spoken to is not included in the "we." To show that the person
being spoken to IS included in the "we," zānmen is used.

For instance, if everyone in a room is Chinese, any one person could say
to all of the others Zānmen dōu shi Zhòngguo rén, "All of us are
Chinese." If an American then entered the room, someone might say to him
Women shi Zhòngguo ren, nǐ shi Měiguo ren, "We are Chinese, and you are
American.’*

The phrase zài chēshang consists of the verb zài followed by the noun
chē plus the locational ending -shang. Some verbs like zài must be
followed by a place word or phrase (or by time words or phrases). But
not all nouns which refer to things which occupy space can be used as
place words. You must learn which words can function as place words and
which cannot.

Zhèr, nàr, relative location words (zuǒbianr, dōngbianr, wàibianr,
etc.), and names of cities and countries may be used as place words. In
general, nouns which refer to buildings, institutions, organizations,
parks, and other specific locations may be used as place words. Nouns
which refer to vehicles, people, books, furniture, and other things that
can be moved around are NOT considered place words. When a noun from
this group is to be used in a phrase with zài, either a locatiohal
ending is added to the noun or the place word zhèr or nàr follows it.

Zài zhuōzishang you hěn duō There are many hooks on the table, shū.

Tā zài nèige zhuōzi nàr        He studies at that table,

niàn shū.

Locational endings: -shang, ’’on*'; -li, "in"; -wài, "outside"; and
-xià, "under," are locational endings.

Tā zài lōuxià mai dōngxi.      He is buying things downstairs.

Fàndiànli you meiyou mài       Is there a place to buy candy in

tángde?                        the hotel?

You have learned three generally equivalent ways to form place
expressions: noun + locational ending; noun followed by relative
location word; noun + de followed by relative location word.

  ---- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------- ------ -----
  Tā   zài   men-         -wài            děng   ni.
  Tā   zài   men          wài-   -bianr   děng   ni.
  Tā   zài   men    -de   wài-   -bianr   děng   ni.
  ---- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------- ------ -----

-   5. B: Hǎo, xiànzài zǒu ba!

    Okay, let’s go now!

Note on No. 5

Ba: You have seen the marker ba used in different situations at the ends
of sentences. In each case, however, its effect was to soften the impact
of whatever the speaker was saying. Here is a summary of the uses you
have seen:

-   a. After a phrase which puts forth an opinion or guess, ba adds a
    questioning tone (BIO, Unit 2).

Tā dàgài bù lai le ba? He’s probably not coming after all, is he?

Nǐ shi Wèi Shàoxiào ba? You must be Major Weiss.

-   b. After a statement which puts forth a course of action, ba softens
    the tone. Ba may be used at the end of a sentence with a meaning
    ranging anywhere from tentative and consulting to suggesting or
    advising to requesting or ordering. (The tone of ba sentences varies
    according to the person being spoken to, the speaker’s tone of
    voice, and other words, such as qǐng, "please," in a sentence.)
    (MON, Unit 3)

    Nǐ zǒu "ba!

    Nǐ hǎohāor xiǎngxiang ta!

    Qing ba!

    Zánmen zǒu ba.

    Wǒ mǎi dàde ba.

Leave! (ORDERING)

You think it over carefully! (ADVISING)

Please go ahead! (INVITING)

Let’s go.   (SUGGESTING)

I guess I’ll get the large one. (TENTATIVE AND CONSULTING)

There is no single way to translate this use of ba. In the examples
above, you can see that when the subject is "you," ba goes untranslated;
when the subject is "we," ba is translated as "let's"; and when the
subject is "I," ba is translated as "I guess."

6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?

B: Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē.

Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?

Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.

Notes on No. 6

Bú shi: Below are some examples of affirmative questions and their

negative counterparts (using bú shi). examples shi means something like
"to

Tā yǐjīng zǒu le ba?

Tā bú shi yǐjīng zǒu le ba?

Tā zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?

Tā bú shi zhù zai Shànghǎi ma?

Notice that in the two negative be the case that...."

Has he already gone?

Hasn’t he already gone? (isn’t it the case that he has already gone?)

Does she live in Shànghǎi?

Doesn’t she live in Shànghǎi?

(Isn’t it the case that she lives in Shànghǎi?)

Zuòguò le: To the main verb zuò, "to ride," "to take," the ending -guò
is added to indicate the result of the action—"going past/too far." (The
full verb guò means "to pass," "to cross.") The ending -guò may also be
added to the verb zǒu, "to go," to indicate result.

Òu, nǐ zhǎo Nánwèi Hútong! Oh, you are looking for Nánwèi Hútong. Nǐ
zǒuguò le! Nǐ dei          You have walked past it. You will

wàng huí zǒu.                   have to go back.

Aspect marker ne: You have frequently seen an aspect marker used to
indicate a CHANGE: completion le shows that an action or process has
been carried out (Tā zǒu le, "He has left"); new situation le marks a
change in the past, present, or future (Tāde dàyī pole, "His coat is
worn out"). In exchange 6, the aspect marker ne indicates the ABSENCE OF
CHANGE. In this exchange, ne emphasizes that there has been no change in
the situation. You may want to think of ne as the opposite of le.

The marker ne is used with ACTION and STATE verbs.

Tā xiānzāi niān shū ne.        He is studying now.

Tā zài zhèr ne.                 He’s here.

Zhèizhī bl hai kéyi xiě ne. This pen is still good (can still write).

Hai, "still," "yet": When this adverb is used, the sentence very often
ends with the marker ne.

Míngtiān wǒ hai bù zǒu ne. I’m not leaving tomorrow (yet).

(i.e., I’ll still be here tomorrow.)

Tā hai méi lai ne.              He hasn’t come yet.

"Still" and "yet" may, however, be translated into Chinese with either
hái or ne.

Tā hai méi lai.                 He hasn't come yet.

Tā méi lai ne.

Cai means "then and only then" or "not until then." It is used to talk
about something that has happened or will happen later than expected.

Women míngtiān cái zǒu.        We don’t leave until tomorrow.

Sentences in which cái is used emphasize when something happened, rather
than the fact that it happened. Therefore (shi)... -de, not le, is used
to indicate completed action.

Tā (shi) bādiǎn zhōng cái He didn’t come until eight o’clock, láide.

Wo zuótiān cái dàode.          I didn’t arrive until yesterday.

Notice that the shi in the shi...-de construction may be omitted. Also,
cái is placed AFTER a time word or phrase and BEFORE the verb.

You have learned three words for "then": Jiù, zài, cái. Jiù is used for
action taking place earlier than expected. Cái and zài imply that
something happens later than expected. Cái and Jiù are used in
descriptions of completed or future action. Zài is used mostly for
plans, suggestions, and commands—in reference to future actions.

Tā zuótiān jiù dào le.         He arrived yesterday (already).

Tā (shi) zuótiān cái láide.    He didn’t come until yesterday.

Nǐ míngtiān zài zǒu ba.’         Don’t go until tomorrow.’

Notice that, in the description of past events, most sentences
containing jiù also contain the completion le marker.

7. C: Láojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nar?

D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

Excuse me. Where is the Number 15 bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

Note on No. 7

Lùkǒurshang, literally "on the intersection": LùkSur means "road mouth,"
a crossroads or intersection. The word is a place-word expression and
may follow zài with or without the locational ending -shang.

DRILLS

-   A. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn You: Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you
    meiyou you meiyou zhídáchē?           zhídáchē?

(cue) Mínzú Fàndiàn          (is there a direct bus to the

(is there a direct bus           Nationalities Hotel?)

to the Běijīng

Exhibition Hall?)

-   2, Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē?    Sānlitún

-   3. Dào Sānlitún you meiyou zhídáchē?    Xīdān

U. Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān Càishichǎng

-   5. Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn

-   6. Dào Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?

Jiānádà Wǔguānchù

-   7. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Sānlitún you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Xīdān yōu meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng you meiyou zhídáchē ?

Dào Dōngdān Diànyingyuàn yōu meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù yōu meiyou zhídáchē?

-   B. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn yōu meiyou zhídáchē? (cue) Xīdān

(is there a direct bus to the Běijīng Exhibition Hall?)

-   2. Dào Sānlitún yōu meiyou zhídáchē?    Dōngdān

-   3. Dào Guānghuá Lù yōu meiyou zhídáchē?    tāmen nàr

You: Meiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē. (There isn’t. You have to change
buses at Xīdān.)

Meiyou, děi zài Dōngdān huàn chē.

Máiyou, děi zài tāmen nàr huàn chē.

U. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídǎchē? Qiǎnmén

-   5. Dào Jiānǎdà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídǎchē? Xīdān

-   6. Dào Qiánmén you meiyou zhídǎchē? Dōngdān

-   7. Dào Wǎngfǔjīng Dàjiē you meiyou zhídǎchē? càishichāng nàr

Meiyou, dēi zài Qiǎnmén huàn chē

Meiyou, dēi zài Xīdān huàn chē.

Meiyou, dēi zài Dōngdān huàn chē

Meiyou, dēi zài càishichāng nàr huàn chē.

C. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: dào nàr qù (cue) jǐ (to go there)

OR dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù (cue) 3

(to go to the exhibition hall)

-   2. dào Dōngdān qù

-   3. dào nàr qù

U.  dào Xīnhuǎ Shūdiàn qù

5.  dào Sānlǐtún qù 6. dào Dōngdān Càishichāng qù You: Dào nàr qù zuò
Jīlù chē?

(What Cnumber2 bus do you take to go there?)

Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù zuò Sānlù chē.

(To go to the exhibition hall, take the Number 3 bus.)

Dào Dōngdān qù zuò Sānlù chē.

Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?

Dào Xīnhuǎ Shūdiàn qù zuò Yīlù chē.

Dào Sānlǐtún qù zuò Wulù chē.

Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng qù zuò jīlù chē?

D. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nín xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

(You first take the Number 1 bus. Take it to Xīdān and change buses.)

You: Wō xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?

(I first take the Number 1 bus. I take it to Xīdān and change buses.
Right?)

-   2. Nín xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē huàn chē.

-   3. NÍn xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē.

U. Nín xiān zuò Wulù chē, zuò dao Qiánmen huàn chē.

-   5. NÍn xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē.

-   6. Nín xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē.

-   7. Nín xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē.

Wo xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wo xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiánmán huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wo xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wo xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?

-   E. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dào nàr qù xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.

(To go there, first

take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus.)

-   2. Dào Zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù xiān zuò Yilù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē.

-   3. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.

H. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē.

You: Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn
chē?

(I first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus. May I ask,
where do I change buses?)

Wǒ xiān zuò Sìlù chē. chē?

Yīlù chē, Qǐngwèn,

ránhòu zài nǎr

zuò huàn

Wǒ xiān zuò Wǔlù chē. chē?

Èrlù chē, Qǐngwèn,

ránhòu zài nǎr

zuò huàn

Wǒ xiān Sānlù

zuò chē,

Qílù chē, . Qǐngwèn

ránhòu zuò

, zài nǎr huàn

chē?

-   5. Dào Sānlǐtún qù xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē.

-   6. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē.

Wo xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?

Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?

-   7. Dào Xīdān qù xiān zuò Shíwùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē.

Wǒ xiān zuò Shíwùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn
chē?

-   F. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

(cue) chēshang (Where do we buy tickets?)

-   2. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? zhèr

-   3. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? nar

U. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Dōngdān nàr

-   5. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? chēshang

-   6. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? càishichǎng nàr

-   7. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Xīdān nàr

You: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?

(Where do we buy tickets? Do we buy them on the bus?)

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài zhèr mǎi piào ma?

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài nàr mǎi piào ma?

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Dōngdān nàr mǎi piào ma?

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài càishichǎng nàr mǎi piào ma?

Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Xīdān nàr mǎi piào ma?

G. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zánmen jiùdiǎn zhōng shàng bān.

(We start work at nine o’clock.)

-   2. Women wùdiǎnbàn xià bān.

-   3. Women xià yízhàn xià chē.

U. YÍnháng Jiùdiǎn zhōng kāi men.

-   5. Women xià yízhàn huàn chē.

You: Zánmen jiùdiǎn zhōng cái shàng bān.

(We don’t start work until nine o * clock.)

Women wùdiǎnbàn cái xià bān.

Women xià yízhàn cái xià chē.

YÍnháng jiùdiǎn zhōng cái kāi men.

Women xià yízhàn cái huàn chē.

-   6. Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng xià "ban.

Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng cāi xià han.

-   7. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng shàng han. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng cāi shàng hān.

    -   H. Response Drill

    -   1. Speaker: Nānjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?

    (cue) hai měi ne

    (Have we reached Nānjīng Dōnglù?)

    OR Nānjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?

    (cue) dào le

    (Have we reached Nānjīng Dōnglù?)

    -   2. Zhōnghuá Lù dào le ma? hāi mei ne

    -   3. Dàlī Jiē dào le ma? dào le

    U. Zhōngshān Běilù dào le ma? hāi mei ne

    5. Hépíng Xīlù dào le ma? dào le

    6. Jīlōng Lù dào le ma? hāi méi ne

    You: Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē.

    (Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.)

    Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

    (We have already arrived. We get off here.)

    Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē

    Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

    Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē

    Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

    Hāi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cāi xià chē

I. Response Drill

1. Speaker: Qǐngwèn Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? (cue) nèige lùkǒurshang

(May I ask, where is the Number 15 bus stop?)

You: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

(it’s tjustl on that corner.)

2. Qīngwèn Shísìlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige dàlōu nàr

Jiù zài nèige dàlōu nàr.

3. Qingwèn Liùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? lùde nèibian

U. Qingwèn, Yílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige yínhǎng qiǎribian

-   5. Qingwèn, Sānlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige shāngdiàn nàr

-   6. Qingwèn, Qílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? càishichǎng qiǎnhian

-   7. Qingwèn, Shílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige diànyíngyuàn qiǎnhian

Jiù zài lùde nèibian.

Jiù zài nèige yínhǎng qiǎnhian.

Jiù zài nèige shāngdiàn nàr.

Jiù zài nèige càishichǎng qiǎnhian.

Jiù zài nèige diànyíngyuàn qiǎnhian

J. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker; Tā jidiǎn zhōng lai?

Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?

(cue) 8 o’clock

(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)

OR Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lǎi?

Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?

(cue) 10 o’clock

(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)

You: Tā shuō tā hādian zhōng jiu lǎi.

(He says he is coming at eight o’clock.)

Tā shuō tā shídiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.

(He says he isn’t coming until ten o’clock.)

-   2. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā sìdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma? 5 o’clock

-   3. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā yìdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?    12 o’clock

U. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā hādiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?    7 o'clock

Tā shuō tā wǔdiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.

Tā shuō tā shíèrdiǎn zhōng jiù lǎi.

Tā shuō tā qīdiǎn zhōng jiù lǎi.

5. Tā Jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā liùdiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?    8 o’clock

6. Tā jidiǎn zhōng lǎi? Tā shídiǎn zhōng lǎi ma?    11 o'clock

Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne

Tā shuō tā shíyīdiǎn zhōng cǎi lǎi ne.

UNIT 3

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

1. A: Ài, jìchēngchē!

B: Nǐ dào nǎli?

A: Dào huǒchēzhān.

2, ⁵B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?

A: Shi.

3. ⁵B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.

U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!

-   5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

-   6. A: Women you shíjiǎn, láidejí.

-   7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi.

-   8. ⁶ A: Bié kāi nàme kuài!

-   9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.

-   A: Xièxie. Duōshao qiān?

-   B: Èr shiqīkuài.

A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.

-   10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.

B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian deng nín.

Hey, taxi!

Where are you going?

To the train station.

Is there only this one piece of luggage?

Yes.

I’ll put the suitcase in front.

You are driving too fast!

He doesn’t drive fast.

We have time. We can make it in time.

Please drive a little slower.

Don’t drive so fast!

Here is your suitcase.

Thank you. How much is it Ethe fare J?

Twenty-seven dollars.

Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, ”No need to give me
change.”)

Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.

Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- ------------- ------------------------ ------ ------
  11.   chūzū qìchē   taxi (PRC)                      
  12.   láibují       can’t make it in time           
  13.   qìchē         car, motor vehicle              
  1U.   zhème         so, to this extent, in   this   way-
  15.   zènme         so, to this extent, in   this   way
  ----- ------------- ------------------------ ------ ------

[]

Shànghǎi-made auto

in Guangzhou, 1978

VOCABULARY

(introduced on C-2 tape) chī fan jìnliàng

to have a meal

to exert all one’s effort, to do one’s best to

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bǎ                                | (prepositional verb which         |
|                                   | indicates the direct object)      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| biě                               | don’t no need to                  |
|                                   |                                   |
| bú yòng                           |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chūzū qìchē                       | taxi (PRC)                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fang                              | to put                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| huochēzhàn                        | train station                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -Jiàn                             | (counter for items or articles    |
|                                   | such as suitcases and clothing)   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| jìchēngchē                        | taxi (Taipei)                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kāi kuài                          | to drive (a vehicle) to be fast   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| lāibují lǎidejí                   | can’t make it in time can make it |
|                                   | in time                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| man                               | to be slow                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| name                              | so, to that extent, in that way   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| qìchē                             | car, motor vehicle                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shíjiǎn                           | time                              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ting                              | to stop, to park                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xíngli (yíjiàn)                   | luggage, suitcase                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yíxià                             | a short amount of time            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zènme zhème                       | so, to this extent, in this way   |
|                                   | so, to this extent, in this way   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

  ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Lao (name)   Old (name) Cfamiliar nickname for an older person among close friends]
  mótuochē     motorcycle
  náchuqu      to take (something) out
  song         to see someone off, to escort someone to a train station, airport, bus depot, or pier
  ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(introduced in Communication Game)

Zheng hǎo.

Right on time.

REFERENCE NOTES

-   1. A: Ài, jìchéngchē!

B: Nǐ dào náli?

A: Dào huǒchēzhàn.

Hey, taxi!

Where are you going?

To the train station.

Note on No. 1

Nǐ dào náli? This expression, like the English "Where to?" is not a full
sentence. The taxi driver is using a shortened form of Nǐ dào náli qù?

2. B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?

A: Shi.

3. B: Wǒ ha xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.

Is there only this one piece of luggage?

Yes.

I'll put the suitcase in front.

Notes on Nos. 2-3

Zhè yíjiàn xíngli: -Jiàn is the counter for xíngli.

Bǎ is a prepositional verb which often cannot be directly translated
into English. Originally, as a full verb, bǎ meant "to hold something
with one's hands." Today bǎ is usually used as a prepositional verb
which brings the direct object to the front of the sentence, before the
main verb. In some cases, bǎ may be translated as "take."

Tā bǎ zhèiběn shū fàng         He put the book on the table,

zai zhuōzishang.              (He took the book and put it on

the table.)

But, in many cases, the meaning of "take" does not correspond to the
function of bǎ in the sentence.

Bǎ may be used with many types of objects, concrete and abstract. As a
prepositional verb, bǎ shows that its object (the noun which follows) is
the direct object in the sentence, even though it does not follow the
main verb.

Tā mài tāde qìchē le.          He sold his car.

Tā bǎ tāde qìchē mài le.

The next questions are "Why use bǎ?" and "When is bǎ used?" On the next
page are some basic rules for using bā.

-   a. The object in a ba phrase must be a particular known thing. This
    rule follows the general pattern in Chinese of an object preceding
    the verb, in topic position or in a bǎ phrase, being specific.⁷ The
    object in a bǎ phrase should be translated by the English definite
    article "the" or by other words that indicate definiteness, such as
    "that" and "my."

Nǐ you xíngli ma?            Do you have any luggage?

You. Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn.    Yes. I have only this one piece.

Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàngzai   Okay. I will put the suitcase in

qianbian.                      front.

-   b. The object of a bǎ phrase must be at the disposal of the subject
    before the action begins. Thus the object of kànjian, "to see,"
    cannot be used with bǎ, nor can the object of mǎi, "to buy."

Wǒ mǎile nèibǎn shū.         I bought the book.

Wo bǎ nèiběn shū mài le. I sold the book.

-   c. Fàng zai qiánbian: The verb in a bǎ sentence is usually a
    transitive ACTION verb. An action verb refers to an activity that
    can be done voluntarily, either physically (mài, "to sell") or
    mentally (niàn, "to study"). Contrast this with a state verb, which
    refers to a quality or condition that the subject has no control
    over.

For instance, you can decide to study or to learn something, so xué is
an action verb. But you cannot decide to know something, so zhīdao is a
state verb. Although some state verbs, like zhīdao and xīhuan, are
transitive, the objects of these verbs cannot be put in a bǎ phrase
because these verbs are not action verbs.

-   d. A bǎ sentence does not end with only a verb of one syllable.
    Either the verb has several syllables or a phrase follows the verb.
    In the final sentence of exchange 3, the action verb fang is
    followed by zai and the destination qiánbian.

U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!          You are driving too fast!

Notes on No. U

-de: To describe how action is performed, the marker -de is added to the
verb describing the action, and that verb is followed by an adjectival
verb which expresses the MANNER in which the action takes place.

Cultural information: Taxi drivers are not offended by comments about
their driving such as the exclamation in exchange U. If ignored, a
request to slow down should be repeated.

5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

He doesn’t drive fast.

Notes on No. 5

Verb, object, and the description of manner: If an action verb with a
direct object is to be described in terms of how the action is done, use
the following pattern.

Tā

shuō

Zhōngguo huà

shuō -de

tài

man.

hen

bú

(he

speak

Chinese

speak

too very not

slow)

"He speaks Chinese too/very/not slowly."

Notice that the main verb and direct object occur first; then the main
verb is repeated, followed by -de and the description of manner. Compare
the pattern above with the pattern you learned in the Biographic
Information Module, Unit 8: W5 niàn Yīngwěn niànle liùnián, "I studied
English for six years."

The main verb is repeated when BOTH the direct object and a duration
phrase or a description of manner MUST follow the verb directly. In such
a case, Chinese handles this post-verb "traffic jam" by making a topic
out of the more general information (what is being done): the verb and
direct object. The more specific information about how the action is
done becomes the comment. A literal translation of the pattern example
above is "As for (the way) he speaks Chinese, (he) speaks too/very/not
slowly."

A special point to observe: In English, we may say "He doesn’t speak
Chinese slowly," putting the negative word before "speak." In Chinese,
the negation must be placed directly in front of the word that is
referred to (in the example, man, "slow"—not saying that he doesn’t
speak, but saying that his speech is not slow).

Linguists have pointed out the potentially comical effect of using
English word order for sentences in Chinese with manner descriptions.

If you were to use English word order to say ”1 can’t speak Chinese very
well," Wǒ hú huì shuō Zhongguo huà hěn hǎo, your sentence would mean,
literally, "(The fact that) I can’t speak Chinese is very good." The
right way to say "I can't speak Chinese very well" is Wǒ shuō Zhongguo
huà shuōde hú tài hǎo.

6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí.

7. A: Qǐng man yìdiǎn kai.

We have time. We can make it in time.

Please drive a little slower.

Notes on Nos. 6-7

ShiJ iān: You now know two words for "time": shíhou and shíjiān. Shíjiān
is used for an amount of time. Shíhou is usually used for a point or
period in time when something happens.

Láidejí is an idiom meaning "ahle to make it on time Cto do something]."
The negative, "not ahle to make it on time," is láibují. (See the
Meeting Module for additional discussion of such idioms.)

Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi, "Please drive a little slower": In the notes on
exchange 5, you learned a pattern for describing manner: verb + -de +
adjectival verb. In this sentence, however, the adjectival verb man +
yìdiǎn precede the verb kāi. When the adjectival verbs man, kuài, zǎo,
and wǎn are followed by yìdiǎn, the phrases thus formed may either
precede or follow the verb of the sentence.

Qǐng man yidiǎn kāi.

Qǐng kāi man yìdiǎn.

Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi.

Qǐng kāi kuài yìdiǎn.

Qǐng ni zǎo yìdiǎn lǎi.

Qǐng ni lǎi zǎo yìdiǎn.

Qǐng ni wǎn yìdiǎn lǎi. Qǐng ni lǎi wǎn yìdiǎn.

Many adjectival verbs + yìdiǎn must

Xiě xiǎo yìdiǎn.

Xiě dà yìdiǎn.

Zuò hǎo yìdiǎn.

Please drive a little slower.

Please drive a little faster.

Please come a little earlier.

Please come a little later.

follow the sentence verb.

Write it a little smaller. Write it a little bigger. Do it a little
better.

The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, before adjectival verb
+ yìdiǎn phrases.

8. A: Bié kāi name kuài!

Don’t drive so fast!

Note on No. 8

Here you see a third way to describe the performance of an action.

First, you saw a straight description:

Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!          You are driving too fast!

OR

Tā niàn shū niànde bu cuò. She is doing pretty well in her studies.

Then, you saw a command in which an adjectival verb + yìdiǎn phrase
could be placed either before or after the main sentence verb:

Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi.           Please drive a little slower.

Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn.

Now, in Bié kāi nàme kuài, you see a negative command. The modifying
adjectival verb follows the main verb. The marker -de is optional, and
usually omitted, as long as the adjectival verb is preceded by nàme or
zhème (zěnme).

Bié zǒu nàme màn le!           Quit walking so slowly!

Bié qǐlai zenme wan!           Don’t get up so late!

Nǐ zǒu nàme màn, zànmen Jiu If you walk so slowly, we won’t láibují le!
                    make it in time!

-   9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.

-   A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián?

-   B: Èrshiqǐkuài.

A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.

Here is your suitcase.

Thank you. How much is it Cthe fareJ?

Twenty-seven dollars.

Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, "No need to give me
change.¹’)

Notes on No. 9

Èrshiqǐkuài: This money phrase does not contain the word qian because
the counter kuài can stand alone if the reference could clearly be only
to money. Other counters for money, such as mao and fēn, usually require
the addition of qián.

Bú yòng zhǎo le: Bú yòng is an idiom meaning "no need to." A more
literal translation of the sentence is "No need to give me change." Nǐ
bú yòng kāi name kuài would be translated as "There’s no need for you to
drive that fast."⁸

10. A: Qīng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.

B: Hǎo. Wo bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.

Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.

Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.

Note on No. 10

Yíxià, "awhile," is used to indicate a short, indefinite amount of time.
The use of this word communicates indefiniteness, Just as reduplicating
the verb would have done (tíngyitíng). The first speaker in this
exchange does not commit himself to an exact length of time.

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   1. Speaker: Nǐ kāide tài kuai | You: Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài    |
|     le.                           | le. (You are driving too fast.)   |
|                                   |                                   |
| (cue) chē                         | Tā ting chē tíngde tài kuài le.   |
|                                   |                                   |
| (You are driving too fast.)       | Nǐ kàn shū kànde tài màn le.      |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   2. Tā tíngde tài kuài le.     | Tā shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài   |
|         chē                       | le.                               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   3. Nǐ kànde tài màn le.       | Nǐ xuě Zhōngwěn xuede tài màn le. |
|        shū                        |                                   |
|                                   | Tā niàn zhengzhixué niànde tài    |
| U. Tā shuōde tài kuài le.         | kuài le.                          |
|                                   |                                   |
| Yīngwén                           | Nǐ kàn hào kànde tài màn le.      |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   5. NǏ xuěde tài màn le.       | You: Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.      |
|                                   |                                   |
| Zhōngwén                          | (Please drive a little slower.)   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   6. Tā niànde tài kuài le.     | Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn zǒu.           |
|     zhengzhixué                   |                                   |
|                                   | Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn shuō.          |
| -   7. Nǐ kànde tài màn le.       |                                   |
|        hào                        | Qīng ni kuài yìdiǎn shuō.         |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   B. Expansion Drill            | Qīng ni màn yìdiǎn xià chē.       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   1. Speaker; Qǐng ni màn kāi.  | Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn qù.           |
|                                   |                                   |
| (Please drive slowly.)            | Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shàng chē.    |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   2. Qǐng ni màn zǒu.           |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   3. Qǐng ni màn shuō.          |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| U.  Qǐng ni kuài shuō.            |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   5. Qǐng ni màn xià chē.       |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   6. Qǐng ni kuài qù.           |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   7. Qǐng ni kuài shàng chē.    |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

C. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐ kāi chē, kāide tài kuài le.

(You are driving too fast.)

-   2. Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le.

-   3. Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le.

U. Nǐ shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le.

-   5. Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le.

-   6. Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le.

-   7. Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le.

You: Nǐ kāi chē kàide tài kuài le. Qǐng nǐ màn yìdiān kāi. (You are
driving too fast.

Please drive a little slower.)

Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.

Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.

N? shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiān shuō.

Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiān kāi.

Ni mài piào màide tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān mài.

Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān shuō.

D. Response Drill

1. Speaker: Women you shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?

(cue) tài yuān

(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)

OR Women you shífēn zhōng, laidejí láibují?

(cue) hěn jin

(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)

You: Tài yuān. Jiù you shífēn zhōng, láibuj í.

(It’s too far. CIfJ we have only ten minutes, we can’t make it in time.)

Hen jin. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí.

(it’s very near. LIfJ we have ten minutes, we can make it in time.)

2. Women yōu sānshifēn zhōng,         Tài yuān. Jiù you sānshifēn zhōng,

láidejí láibují? tài yuān       láibují.

3. Women yōu èrshifēn zhōng,          Hěn jin. Yōu èrshifēn zhōng,
láidejí

láidejí láibují? hěn J in

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| U. Women you shíwǔfēn zhōng,      | Tài yuǎn. Jiù you shíwǔfēn zhōng, |
| láidejí láibují? tài yuan         | láibují.                          |
|                                   |                                   |
| 5. Women you shífēn zhōng,        | Hěn jin. You shífēn zhōng,        |
| láidejí láibují?    hěn jin       | láidejí.                          |
|                                   |                                   |
| 6. Women you èrshifēn zhōng,      | Tài yuǎn. Jiù you èrshifēn zhōng, |
| láidejí láibují?    tài yuǎn      | láibuj í.                         |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   E. Transformation Drill       | You: Bie kāi zhème kuàil (Don’t   |
|                                   | drive so fast! )                  |
| -   1. Speaker: Qīng màn yìdiǎn   |                                   |
|     kāi. (Please drive a little   | Bie zōu zhème màn!                |
|     slower.)                      |                                   |
|                                   | Bié shuō zhème kuàil              |
| -   2. Qing kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.      |                                   |
|                                   | Bié kāi zhème màn!                |
| -   3. Qing màn yìdiǎn shuō.      |                                   |
|                                   | Bie kàn zhème màn!                |
| -   4. Qing kuài yìdiǎn kāi.      |                                   |
|                                   | Bié shuō zhème kuài!              |
| -   5. Qing kuài yìdiǎn kàn.      |                                   |
|                                   | Bie zǒu zhème màn!                |
| -   6. Qing màn yìdiǎn shuō.      |                                   |
|                                   | You: Women láidejí. Qīng ni màn   |
| -   7. Qīng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu.      | yìdiǎn kāi.                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   F. Expansion Drill            | (We can make it in time. Please   |
|                                   | drive a little slower.)           |
| 1. Speaker: Women láidejí. (cue)  |                                   |
| qīng                              | Women láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài! |
|                                   |                                   |
| (We can make it in time.)         | (We can make it in time. Don’t    |
|                                   | drive so fast!)                   |
| OR     Women láidejí.             |                                   |
|                                   | Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. Qīng ni màn    |
| (cue) bie                         | yìdiǎn kāi.                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| (We can make it in time.)         |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| 2. Wǒmen yōu shíjiān.    qīng     |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

3. Women you shíjiān.    bié

U. Women láidejí.    qǐng

5. Women láidejí.    bié

6. Women you shíjiān.    qǐng

Women you shíjiān. Bié kāi nàme kuài!

Women láidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.

Women láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài!

Women you shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.

-   G. Response Drill

    1. Speaker: Èrshiqīkuài.

    (cue) bù

    (Twenty-seven dollars.)

    You: Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le.

    (Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change.)

OR Èrshiqīkuài.                    Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qǐng ni

(cue) sān

(Twenty-seven dollars.)

zhǎo sānkuài qián.

(Here’s thirty dollars, give me three dollars change.)

Please CinJ

2.

Èrshiliù kuài.

bù

Zhè shi sānshikuài.

Bú yòng

zhǎo

le

3.

Èrshi kuài.

shi

Zhè shi sānshikuài. shíkuài qián.

Qīng ni

zhǎo

U.

Èrshiwǔ kuài.

bù

Zhè shi sānshikuài.

Bú yòng

zhǎo

le

5.

Èrshiyī kuài.

Jiǔ

Zhè shi sānshikuài. jiùkuài qián.

Qǐng ni

zhǎo

6.

Èrshibā kuài.

bù

Zhè shi sānshikuài.

Bú yòng

zhǎo

le

-   H. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Qǐng ni ting yíxià. (cue) yínháng

(Please stop for a moment.)

-   2. Qing ni ting yíxià. càishichǎng

-   3. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. diànyingyuàn

U. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. shūdiàn

-   5. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. xuéxiào

-   6. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. fàndiàn

-   7. Qǐng ni ting yíxià.

yínháng

You? Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng ting yíxià.

(Please stop at that bank for a moment.)

Qǐng ni zài nèige càishichǎng ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige diànyingyuàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige shūdiàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige xuéxiào ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige fàndiàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng ting yíxià.

UNIT 4

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

-   1. A: Wo xiǎng qù Tǎinǎn wan jitiān.

-   2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xfng?⁹

-   B: Dào Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian.

-   3. C: Shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

-   D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo.

-   4. E: Ni shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo
    ne?

-   F: Dào Tǎinǎn zuò huǒchē zuì fāngbian.

-   5. A: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?

-   B: Nì zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiǎn yíqiǎn qù mǎi piào.

-   6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma?

-   B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

-   7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē?

-   A: Wo yào zuò shàngwude chē.

-   8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwude piào dōu màiwǎn le.

I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.

Would it be all right to take the bus?

To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.

Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?

It’s better to go by train.

Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?

To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.

Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days
ahead of time.

If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

What train do you want to take?

I want to take a morning train.

I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- -------------- ----------------------------------------
  9.    chuán          boat, ship
  10.   dìtiě          subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiědào)
  11.   dìxià huochē   underground train, subway
  12.   wan (wánr)     to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself
  13.   -wan           to be finished (occurs in compound
  ----- -------------- ----------------------------------------

verbs of result)

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bú bì                             | not necessary, don’t have to      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chuán                             | boat, ship                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dìtiě                             | subway (abbreviation for dìxià    |
|                                   | tiědào)                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dìxià huochē                      | underground train, subway         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fāngbian                          | to be convenient                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Gōnglùju                          | Bureau of Highways (Taiwan)       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| huǒchē                            | train                             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| liàngsān-                         | two or three                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| màiwán le                         | to be sold out                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| wan (wánr) -wan                   | to play, to relax, to enjoy       |
|                                   | oneself to be finished (occurs in |
|                                   | compound                          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | verbs of result)                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiān                              | ahead of time, beforehand         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zuì hǎo                           | it would be best to               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 tape)

  ----------- -------------------------------------
  huá chuán   to row a boat
  sàn bù      to take a walk
  shān        hill, mountain
  shu?        rivers, lakes (literally, ’’water")
  youyǒng     to swim
  ----------- -------------------------------------

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù Tainan wǎn jitiān. I’m thinking of going to Tainan to
relax for a few days.

Note on No. 1

The basic meaning of the verb wan is "to play." It is often best
translated into English as "to relax," "to enjoy oneself."

2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?

B: Dào Tǎinǎn qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian.

Would it be all right to take the bus?

To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.

Notes on No. 2

Gōnglùjú, "the Bureau of Highways" in Taiwan, is the agency which
administers the island’s intercity bus system. The phrase zuò Gōnglùjú
means "to take a Bureau of Highways bus." This phrasing is analogous to
"I’m going by Greyhound." In talking about the buses themselves, you
would have to say Gōnglùjúde chē, "the buses of the Bureau of Highways":

Gōnglùjúde chē hěn shūfu. The buses of the Bureau of Highways are very
comfortable. (shūfu, "to be comfortable")

Sentences containing both dào and zuò phrases: The zuò phrase usually
comes first in a sentence with both a prepositional phrase expressing
destination (dào...) and a prepositional phrase expressing means of
conveyance (zuò...).However, if the destination is being stressed, the
dào phrase may be placed at the beginning of the sentence, in the topic
position. (See the second sentence in exchange 2.)

Tā měitiān zuò gōnggòng        He rides the bus to school every

qìchē dào xuexiào lǎi.         day.

Dào yínhǎng qù, tā bú zuò To go to the bank, he doesn’t take gōnggòng
qìchē. Tā            the bus. He walks there,

zǒu lù qu.

Bú dà might also be translated as "not too," "not so."

3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

D: Zuò huochē qu hǎo.

Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?

It’s better to go by train.

Notes on No. 3

Shi...háishi: In a choice-type question, shi and háishi serve to mark
off the choices more clearly. Below are some of the most common ways of
asking the question "Do you want the red one or the yellow one?"

Nǐ yǎo hóngde, háishi yào huángde? (PREFERRED FORMS)

Ni shi yào hongde, háishi yào huángde?

Nǐ yào hóngde, huángde? (FAMILIAR, VERY COLLOQUIAL; NO PAUSE AT COMMA)

Nǐ shi yào hóngde, shi yào huángde? (LEAST PREFERRED; shi UNSTRESSED
HERE)

The marker ne clarifies the choices in a choice-type question. Ne may be
placed after one or the other choice or after both choices.

Nǐ Jīntiān qù ne, háishi Are you going today or tomorrow? míngtiān qù?

Nǐ Jīntiān qù, háishi míngtiān

qù ne?

Nǐ Jīntiān qù ne, shi míngtiān

qù ne? (COMMUNICATES GENUINE PERPLEXITY)

Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo; Here a whole phrase, which could also be a sentence
is used as the subject of the sentence.

  ---------------- -------
  Zuò huǒchē qù    hǎo.
  (ride train go   good)
  ---------------- -------

Hǎo is translated here as "better," not as "good." Adjectival verbs used
alone (i.e., not modified by words such as hen and tài) usually express
comparison.

Neige xuésheng hǎo?            Which student is better?

Shéi kuài?                      Who is faster?

U. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hao ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùju qu hao ne?

F: Dào Tainan zuò huǒchē zuì fānghian.

Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?

To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.

Note on No. 4

When nǐ shuō begins a question, the phrase is translated as "would you
say" or "do you think."

5. A: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma?

B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào.

Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days
ahead of time.

Notes on No. $

The adverb xiān may sometimes be translated as "ahead of time,"
"beforehand."

Zuì hǎo, "best," acts as an adverb in exchange 5» coming after the
subject nǐ in the second sentence. Zuì hǎo is used to offer advice
politely not to warn a person that he had "better" or "best" do
something.

Liǎngsāntiān: When approximate amounts, such as "two or three," are
given in Chinese, the numbers are read together, with no equivalent of
"or." This system is also used when two words are combined to indicate
an approximate date.

sìwùge rén                 four or five people

mínghòutiān                tomorrow or the day after

Qībāyuè                    July or August

Liǎngsāntiān yǐqián: For "ahead of time," "in advance," yǐqián is used
(instead of xiān) when the amount of time is stated. Yǐqián follows the
word indicating the amount of time.

Nǐ děi xiān qù mǎi piào. You have to go ahead of time to buy tickets.

Nǐ děi liǎngsāntiān yǐqián You have to go two or three days qù mǎi piào.
                   ahead of time to buy tickets.

6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma?

B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

Notes on No. 6

Zuò Gōnglùjú, "if I take the bus": The beginning of the first sentence
in exchange 6 is translated with an "if" in English. Literally, the
Chinese sentence is "Take the bus, also have to beforehand buy tickets?"
In a sense the "if" part of the sentence is a kind of topic in Chinese,
providing the setting for the second part of the sentence. In Chinese,
the setting or condition can often be put in the topic position. In
English, a particular word must be used to clarify the relationship of
the first part of the sentence to the second part.

If I take the bus,....

„ v                     When one takes the bus.....

Zuo Gonglùjú,.... ----

For taking the bus,....

To take the bus,....

Bú bì, "not necessary," "don’t have to," is the phrase to use as the
negative of the auxiliary dei, "must," "have to." Děi cannot be made
negative.*

7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē?

A: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

What train do you want to take?

I want to take a morning train.

Note on No. 7

Shénme shíhoude chē has been translated simply as "what train." More
literally, the phrase means "a train (arriving at) what time."

*"Must not" as in "You must not go" can be translated as bù néng: Nǐ bù
néng qù.

8. B: Duibuqí, shàngwǔde piào dōu I’m sorry, the tickets for the màiwán
le.                      morning trains are all sold out.

Notes on No. 8

Wan, "to end," "to he over," cannot take a direct object.

Wánle ma?                   Is it over?

Wánle meiyou?              Is it over yet?

Hái méi wán ne.             It isn’t over yet.

By itself, the expression Wan le! means "That’s all," "There’s no more,"
or "That’s it!" People often end speeches and recordings with Wán le!

Màiwán le, "to he sold out," literally "sell finished": Here is another
example of a compound verh of result.¹⁰ Compound verbs of result
communicate both the action being performed and its result. In compound
verbs of result, the first verb indicates the action; and the second,
the result. Not every action verb is used in compound verbs of result,
nor are verbs indicating the result always predictable.

All examples which have been presented in this and previous modules
occur with completion le.

When -wán is used as an ending, it indicates finishing, as in Wǒ hái méi
shuōwán, "I haven’t finished speaking yet," or depletion, as in màiwán
le, "sold out," and yǒngwán le, "used up." In English, you might Just
say "finished," without indicating what you have finished doing. In
Chinese, the action which has been finished is usually mentioned.

Wǒ chīwán le.               I have finished eating.

Wo huàwán le.               I have finished drawing.

Wo kànwán le.               I have finished reading.

Wǒ hái méi shuōwán ne.     I have not finished talking yet.

Tā hái méi zuòwán ne.      He has not finished (doing some

thing) yet.

DRILLS

A. Response Drill

1. Speaker: Nǐ qù náli?              You: Wo xiǎng qù Táinán wan jitiān.

(cue) Táinán                (I’m thinking of going to

(Where are you going?)          Tainan to relax for a few

days.)

  ---- ------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------
  2.   Nī qù náli?   Xīnzhú     Wǒ xiǎng   qù Xīnzhú wán jitiān.
  3.   Nī qù náli?   Jiāyì      Wǒ xiǎng   qù Jiāyì wán jitiān.
  U.   Nī qù náli?   Gāoxiōng   Wǒ xiǎng   qù Gāoxiōng wán Jitiān.
  5.   Nī qù náli?   Huālián    Wo xiǎng   qù Huālián wán jitiān.
  6.   Nī qù náli?   Táidōng    Wǒ xiǎng   qù Táidōng wán jitiān.
  7.   Nī qù náli?   Táiběi     wǒ xiǎng   qù Táiběi wán jitiān.
  ---- ------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------

B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuò Gonglùjú.

(cue) Tainan (Take the bus.)

-   2. Zuò huǒchē. Jiāyì

-   3. Zuò zhídáchē. Gāoxiōng

U. Zuò jìchéngchē. Táidōng

-   5. Zuò huǒchē. Huāliān

-   6. Zuò jìchéngchē    Jīlōng

-   7. Zuò Gōnglùju.    Taizhōng

You: Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?

(To go to Tainan, would it be all right to take the bus?)

Dào Jiāyì qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng?

Dào Gāoxiōng qù zuò zhídáchē xíng bu xíng?

Dào Táidōng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng?

Dào Huālián qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng?

Dào Jīlōng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng?

Dào Táizhōng qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?

-   C. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (cue) kěshi bú dà

(Would it be all right to take the bus?)

OR Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (cue) zuì

(Would it be all right to take the bus?)

-   2. Zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng? kěshi bú dà

-   3. Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? zuì

-   4. Zuò Jìchěngchē xíng bu xíng? zuì

-   5. Zuò Sānlù chē xíng bu xíng? kěshi bú dà

-   6, Zuò Wulù chē xíng bu xíng? zuì

You: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.

(it would be all right to take the bus, but it’s not very convenient.)

Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

(it would be all right to take the bus; it’s most convenient.)

Zuò huǒchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.

Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng, zuì fāngbian.

Zuò Jìchěngchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

Zuò Sānlù chē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian.

Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

-   D. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo?

(cue) Gōnglùjú (is it all right to take the train?)

-   2. Jīntiān qù hǎo bu hao? míngtiān

-   3. Zuò Gōnglùjú hǎo bu hǎo? Jìchěngchē

U. Míngtiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? hòutiān

-   5. Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo? qìchē

You: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

(Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?)

Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò jìchěngchē qu hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō, míngtiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò qìchē qu hǎo ne?

-   6. Jīntiān qù hǎo hu hǎo? míngtiān

-   7. Zuò fēijī hǎo hu hǎo? huochē

Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù haǒ ne, háishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò fēijī qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne?

-   E. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?

(cue) yes

(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?)

OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?

(cue) no

(is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?)

-   2. Dei xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshī ma? yes

-   3. Dei xiān zuò Yílù chē ma? no

-   H. Dei xiān dào Xīdān ma?    yes

-   5. Dei xiān huàn qián ma?    no

-   6. Dei xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no

You: Dei xiān mǎi piào.

(It's necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time.)

Bu bì xiān mǎi piào.

(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)

Dei xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ.

Bú bì xiān zuò Yílù chē.

Dei xiān dào Xīdān.

Bú bì xiān huàn qián.

Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.

F. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma? (cue) 2 or 3 days (is it necessary
    to buy tickets ahead of time?)

OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma? (cue) no (is it necessary to buy tickets ahead
of time?)

You: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yīqián mǎi piào.

(it would be best for you to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of
time.)

Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)

-   2. Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?              Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngtiān yīqián
    mǎi piào

2 days

-   3. Dei xiān huàn qián ma? H or 5 days

-   H. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no

-   5. Dei xiān kàn zhèiběn shū ma?

-   3 days

-   6. Děi xiān huàn qián ma? no

Ni zuì hǎo sìwǔtiān yiqián huàn qián.

Bú hi xiān qù kàn gēge.

Ni zuì hǎo sāntiān yiqián kàn zhěiběn shū.

Bú bì xiān huàn qián.

-   G. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? (cue) shàngwǔ

(What train do you want to take?)

-   2. Ni yào zuò jidiǎn zhongde chē? xiàwǔ 2:10

-   3. NÌ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? wǎnshang

U. Ni yào zuò Jidiǎn zhongde chē? zǎoshang 9:50

-   5. Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? shàngwu

-   6. Ni yào zuò Jidiǎn zhongde chē? shàngwu ll:U0

-   7. Ni yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? xiàwǔ

You: Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

(I want to take a morning train.)

Wo yào zuò xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn shífēnde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò wǎnshangde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò zǎoshang Jiǔdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē.

Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔ shíyīdiǎn sìshifēnde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔde chē.

-   H. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Qingwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

(May I ask, are there still tickets for the morning train?)

-   2. Qingwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

-   3. Qingwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

U. Qingwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

-   5. Qingwèn, Jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

-   6. Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

-   7. Qingwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

You? Qingwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

(May I ask, are the tickets for the morning trains all sold out?)

Qingwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qingwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qingwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qingwèn, Jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qingwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qingwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

UNIT 5

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

-   1. A: Wo ye xiǎng dào Nānjīng qù kànkan.

-   B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?

A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu keyi.

-   2. A: Shanghai lí Nanjing you duō yuan?

-   B: You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglǐ.

-   3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

-   B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiaoshí.

-   U. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiaoshí.

-   5. B: Ni jìhua zài Nānjīng zhù jǐtiān?

-   A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nānjīng qù. Yǐqiān méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō
    liǎngtiān gòu bu gou?

-   B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.

-   6. A: Měitiān you jǐtàng chē?

-   A: Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?

A: Wo xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.

-   7. ¹¹ B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.

I would also like to go to Nānjīng to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.

How far is Shanghai from Nānjīng?

It’s over 250 kilometers.

How long does it take to go by train?

It probably takes four and a half hours.

It takes half an hour.

How many days do you plan to stay in Nanjīng?

This will be the first time I have gone to Nānjīng. I haven’t gone there
before. Would you say two days are enough?

Two days are enough.

How many trips are there each day?

Are there trains in the afternoon?

I hope to leave here in the afternoon.

There’s an express at 1305.

8«,¹²B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you There’s an express at 1305. yítàng
tèkuài.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   9. dǎsuan

-   10. huòzhě (huòzhe)

-   11. ylhòu

-   12. zhōngtou

to plan to

or (alternate form of huòshi) afterwards, later on, in the future hour
(alternate word for xiaoshí)

[]

Gate at Shenzhen, where people get off the train from Hong Kong, walk
across a bridge into China (through the gate in photo), and board a
train for Guangzhou. Most of the people in the picture are Hong Kong
residents on their way to visit relatives in Guangzhou.

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bǎn                               | half (followed hy a counter or a  |
|                                   | noun which does not take a        |
|                                   | counter)                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -Cl                               | occasion, time                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dàgài                             | probably, approximately to plan   |
|                                   | to the first time over, more than |
| dǎsuàn (dǎsuan) dìyícì (dìyícì)   |                                   |
| -duo                              |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gōnglī gòu                        | kilometer to be enough            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| huòshi                            | or or                             |
|                                   |                                   |
| huòzhě (huòzhe)                   |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| jìhua                             | to plan to                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kànkan                            | to see, to look around, to        |
|                                   | sight-see, to visit               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| líkāi                             | to leave                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -tang                             | (counter for bus trips, train     |
|                                   | trips, etc.)                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| tèkuài                            | express train                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiǎoshí                           | hour                              |
|                                   |                                   |
| xīwàng (xīwang)                   | to hope                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yào                               | must, to have to; to take (a      |
|                                   | certain amount of time)           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yǐhòu yiqián                      | afterwards, later on; in the      |
|                                   | future before, in the past        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zhōngtóu                          | hour                              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 tape)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| biéde dìfang                      | other places (cf. biáren. *'other |
|                                   | people’*)                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| cānguān                           | to visit as an observer what size |
|                                   | (shoe) factory to decide          |
| duoshao hào gōngchǎng             |                                   |
|                                   | a pair of leather shoes both good |
| juédìng yìshuāng pixie            | and inexpensive                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| you hǎo you pianyi                | 7U                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nanjīng qù kànkan.

B: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?

A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu keyi.

I would also like to go to Nanjīng to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.

Notes on No. 1

Kànkan, "to have a look": In exchange 1, kànkan refers to doing some
sight-seeing. The reduplicated verb form implies an indefinite amount of
sight-seeing, best translated into English as "to have a look," "to look
around."

Huòshi (alternate, huòzhě) is used acceptable or possible.

Wǒ qù mǎi yìdiǎnr píjiǔ huòshi mǎi yìdiǎnr qìshuī.

Tā míngtiān huòshi hòutiān lai kàn nī ma?

Haishi is used for "or" when a choice

Nī mǎi píjiǔ háishi mǎi qìshuī?

Nī xīhuan dàde háishi xīhuan xiǎode?

for "or" when both alternatives are

I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks.

Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime
during the next two days)

is required between the alternatives

Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks?

Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one?

2. A:

B:

Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng you duo yuǎn?

You liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglī.

How far is Shanghai from Nánjīng?

It’s over 250 kilometers.

Notes on No. 2

You is used in expressing the

Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng you duo yuǎn? distance between two points.

  ----------- ------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
  Shànghǎi    lí                  Nanjing   you        duo        yuǎn?
  (Shànghǎi   be separated from   Nanjīng   there is   how much   distance?)
  ----------- ------------------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------

"How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?"

  ---------- ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------------
  Tianjin    lí                  Beijing   you        120 gōnglǐ.
  (Tianjin   be separated from   Beijing   there is   120 kilometers.)
  ---------- ------------------- --------- ---------- ------------------

"Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Beijing."

Liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglǐ: adding -duō to number phrases, before the
counter,¹³ -duō refers to range of the round number.

liǎngbǎiduō gōnglǐ

yìqiānduōge xuésheng sānshiduōkuài qián

Beginning with 20, -duō may be used in

With round numbers from 20 through 90, èrshiduōge rén èrshijīge rén
sìshiduō gōnglǐ sìshijī gōnglǐ

With the number 10, only -Jǐ is used shíjǐkuài qián

Approximate numbers may be expressed by When added immediately after a
number, an indefinite amount within the

more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300)

more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000)

more than 30 dollars (but fewer than ho)

this way with any round number.

-jǐ may be used instead of -duō

more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30)

more than ho kilometers (but fewer than 50)

never -duō.

more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20)

3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí.

How long does it take to go by train?

It probably takes four and a half hours.

b. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.

It takes half an hour.

Notes on Nos. 3-b

The auxiliary verb yào, "to want," "to have to." (See the first sentence
is sometimes used as "to need to," in exchange 3.)

  ------- -------- --------- ----- ---------- ---------
  Zuò     huǒchē   yào       zǒu   duōshao    shíhou?
  (ride   train    have to   go    how much   time?)
  ------- -------- --------- ----- ---------- ---------

"How long does it take to go by train?"

Yào may also be used as a main verb meaning "to take Ca certain amount
of time!":

  ------- -------- ------- ---------- ---------
  Zuò     huǒchē   yào     duōshǎo    shíhou?
  (ride   train    takes   how much   time?)
  ------- -------- ------- ---------- ---------

"How long does it take by train?"

Bàn-, "a half (of)," is used like a number—before a counter or before a
noun which does not require a counter.

bànge xiǎoshí              half an hour

bànniǎn                    half a year

bànge píngguǒ              half an apple

Sìge bàn: When bàn FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter,
the word is translated as "and a half."

liǎngkuài bàn              two and a half dollars

sāntiān bàn                three and a half days

yíge bàn xiǎoshí           one and a half hours

Xiǎoshí: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (2b
hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these
time periods was divided into two xiǎoshí, "small hours," when telling
time by the Western 2b-hour system gained popularity throughout the
world.

-   5- B: Nǐ jìhua zài Nánjīng zhù jītiān?

-   A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yīqián méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō
    liǎngtiān gòu hu gou?

-   B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.

How many days do you plan to stay in Nánjīng?

This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there
before. Would you say two days are enough?

Two days are enough.

Note on No. 5

Gòu le: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation
marker le. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or
will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit
has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough.

6. A: Meitiān you jītàng chē?

A: Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?

A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.

How many trains are there each day? Are there trains in the afternoon?

I hope to leave here in the afternoon.

Notes on No. 6

Jītàng: The counter -tàng is used when the trip mentioned is not a
particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be
used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make.

Líkāi, "to leave," may be followed by an object (the place).  On the

other hand, zǒu, "to leave," is never followed by an object.

Nī shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr?   When are you leaving here?

Nī shénme shíhou zou?          When are you leaving?

7. B: Shisandiǎn ling wǔfēn you yibān tèkuài.

There’s an express at 1305.

There’s an express at 1305.

8. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.

Notes on Nos. 7-8

Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn: For train and Bus schedules, a 2U-hour clock is
commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to
midnight, or 2^00.

12-hour clock

2U-hour clock

zǎoshàng shídiǎn

10

a.m.

shídiǎn

1000

xiàwǔ yìdiān

1

p.m.

shísāndiǎn

1300

xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn

5

p.m.

shìqīdiǎn

1700

wǎnshàng shídiǎn

10

p.m.

èrshièrdiǎn

2200

Ling is included to indicate the zero in "1305.”

Tèkuài is an abbreviation for tèbiě kuàichē, ’’special express train."

Yìbān and yítàng, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and
other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable.

DRILLS

-   A. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker; Wǒ dǎsuan dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.

(cue) něitiān

(I’m planning to go to Nanjing to look around.)

-   2. Wǒ xiǎng dào Xiān qù kànkan. jiyuè

-   3. Wǒ jìhua dào Húběi qù kànkan. xīngqīji

h. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Shanghai qù kànkan. jīhào

-   5. Wǒ jìhua dào Sùzhōu qù kànkan. jiyuè

-   6. Wǒ xiǎng dào Beijing qù kànkan. něitiān

-   7. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Wuchang qù kànkan. xīngqījl

You; Ni dǎsuan něitiān qù?

(What day do you plan to go?)

Nǐ xiǎng jiyuè qù?

Nǐ jìhua xīngqīji qù?

Nǐ dǎsuan jǐhào qù?

Nǐ jìhua jiyuè qù?

Ni xiǎng něitiān qù?

Ni dǎsuan xīngqījǐ qù?

-   B. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐ dǎsuan shénme shíhou dào Nǎnjīng qù? (cue) xiàge yuè

(When are you planning to go to Nǎnjīng?)

-   2. Ni jìhua jiyuè dào Shànghǎi qù? Liùyuè

-   3. Ni xiǎng něitiān dào Guǎngzhōu qù? hòutiān

You: Wǒ dǎsuan xiàge yuè dào Nǎnjīng qu kànkan.

(I’m planning to go to see Nanjing next month.)

Wǒ jìhua Liùyuè dào Shànghǎi qu kànkan.

Wǒ xiǎng hòutiān dào Guǎngzhōu qu kànkan.

U. Ni dǎsuan něinián dào Zhōngguo qù? míngnián

-   5. Nī jìhua Jīyuè dào Xianggang qù?    Èryuè

-   6. Ni xiǎng xīngqījī dào Beijing qù?    Xīngqīsān

-   7. Nī dǎsuan jīdiǎn zhōng dào tǎ nàr qù? sǎndiǎn zhōng

Wō dǎsuan míngnián dào Zhōngguo qu kànkan.

Wō jìhua Èryuè dào Xiǎnggǎng qu kànkan.

Wō xiǎng Xīngqīsān dào Běijīng qu kànkan.

Wō dǎsuan sǎndiǎn zhōng dào tā nàr qu kànkan.

-   C. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?

(cue) Xīngqīèr (What day do you plan

to go?)

-   2. Nī jìhua něitiān qù? wùhào

-   3. Nī xiǎng Jīyuè qù? Wùyuè

U. Nī xiǎng něinián qù?    1977

-   5. Nī dǎsuan shénme shíhou qù? xiàyuè sìhào

-   6. Nī dǎsuan jīdiǎn zhōng qù? shàngwù shídiǎn

-   7. Nī Jìhua jīhào qù? èrshiqī

You: Xīngqīèr huōzhě Xīngqīsān, dōu kéyi.

(Tuesday and CorJ Wednesday are both possible.)

Wùhào huōzhě liùhào, dōu kéyi.

Wùyuè huōzhě Liùyuè, dōu kéyi.

Yījiùqīqī huōzhě Yījiùqībā, dōu kéyi

Xiàyuè sìhào huōzhě xiàyuè wùhào, dōu kéyi.

Shàngwù shídiǎn huōzhě shàngwù shíyīdiǎn, dōu kéyi.

Èrshiqíhào huōzhě Èrshibáhào, dōu kéyi.

-   D. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nanjing yuan ma?

(cue) duō

(is Shànghǎi far from NǎnjIng?)

OR Shànghǎi lí Nanjing yuǎn ma?

(cue) duōshao

(is Shànghǎi far from NǎnjIng?)

-   2. Beijing lí TiānjIn yuǎn ma? duō

-   3. Beijing lí Shànghǎi yuǎn ma? duōshao

Nǎnjīng lí Beijing yuǎn ma? duōshao

-   5. Guangzhou lí Wǔhàn yuǎn ma? duō

-   6. Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yuǎn ma? duōshao

You: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?

(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)

Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duōshao gōnglī?

(How many kilometers is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)

Beijing lí Tianjin you duō yuǎn?

Beijing lí Shànghǎi yōu duōshao gōnglī?

Nǎnjīng lí Beijing yōu duōshao gōnglī?

Guǎngzhōu lí Wǔhàn yōu duō yuǎn?

Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yōu duōshao gōnglī?

-   E. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu duō yuǎn?

(cue) dàgài 270

(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)

OR Tianjin lí Beijing yōu duō yuǎn?

(cue) 80duō

(How far is Tianjin from Beijing?)

-   2. Bǎijīng lí Hǎngzhōu yōu duō yuǎn? 900duō

You: Dàgài yōu èrbǎiqīshí gōnglī.

(it’s probably 270 kilometers.)

Dàgài lí Beijing yōu bāshíduō gōnglī.

(it’s probably more than 80 kilometers.)

Dàgài lí Hǎngzhōu yōu Jiǔbǎiduō gōnglī.

-   3. Běijīng lí Shanghai you duo yuan?    dàgài 800

-   U. Nanjing lí Shànghǎi you duó yuǎn?    dàgài 200

5. Wuhàn lí Běijīng you duó yuǎn? TOOduō

6. Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi you duó yuǎn? ITOduǒ

Dàgài you bǎbǎi gōnglī.

Dàgài you èrbǎi gōnglī.

Dàgài lí Běijīng you qībǎiduō gōnglī.

Dàgài lí Shànghǎi you yībǎiqīshíduō gōnglī.

F. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglī.

(cue) měi

(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng.)

OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu sǎnbǎi gōnglī.

(cue) dàgài

(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)

OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you sǎnbǎi gōnglī.

(cue) duō

(Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)

-   2. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi you yìqiǎn gōnglī.    měi

-   3. Wuhàn lí Běijīng you bǎbǎi gōnglī.    dàgài

U. Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi yōu èrbǎi gōnglī.    duō

5. Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi yōu yìbǎi gōnglī.    duō

You: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng měiyou sānbǎi gōnglī.

(Shànghǎi isn't Lis less thanJ 300 kilometers from Nǎnjīng,)

Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng dàgài yōu sǎnbǎi gōnglī.

(Shànghǎi is probably 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)

Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yōu sǎnbǎiduō gōnglī.

(Shànghǎi is more than 300 kilometers from Běijīng.)

Běijīng lí Shànghǎi měiyou yìqiǎn gōnglī.

Wuhàn lí Běijīng dàgài yōu bǎbǎi gōnglī.

Nǎnjīng lí Shànghǎi yōu èrbǎiduō gōnglī.

Hǎngzhōu lí Shànghǎi yōu yìbǎiduō gōnglī.

-   G. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge zhōngtǒu?

(cue) duo jiǔ

(How many hours does it take by train?)

-   2. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duǒ jiu? duōshao shíhou

-   3. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? jǐtiān

U. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān? jǐge xǐngqī

-   5. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xǐngqī? jǐge xiaoshí

-   6. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiaoshí? duōshao tian

-   7. Zuò huochē yào zou duōshao tian?

    You: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duǒ jiǔ?

    (How long does it take by train?)

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān?

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xǐngqī?

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiaoshí?

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao tiān?

H. Transformation Drill

Speaker: Yào zǒu bànge zhōngtǒu (cue) 1

(It takes half an hour

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
|             | OR          |             | Yào zǒu     | day         |
|             |             |             | bàntiān.    |             |
|             |             |             | (cue) 3     |             |
|             |             |             |             |             |
|             |             |             | (it takes   |             |
|             |             |             | half a      |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 2.          | Yào         | zǒu         | bànge yuè.  | 2           |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 3.          | Yào         | zǒu         | bànge       | 1           |
|             |             |             | xǐngqī.     |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| U.          | Yào         | zou         | bànnián.    | 1           |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 5.          | Yào         | zǒu         | bànge       | u           |
|             |             |             | zhōngtǒu.   |             |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 6.          | Yào         | zǒu         | bànge yuè.  | 1           |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

You: Yào zǒu yíge bàn zhōngtǒu.

(It takes an hour and a half.)

Yào zǒu sāntiān bàn.

(It takes three and a half days.)

  ----- ----- --------------------
  Yào   zǒu   liǎngge bàn yuè.
  Yào   zou   yíge bàn xīngqī.
  Yào   zǒu   yìnián bàn.
  Yào   zǒu   sìge bàn zhōngtǒu.
  Yào   zǒu   yíge bàn yuè.
  ----- ----- --------------------

I. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. (cue) yǐhòu

(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.)

OR Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nanjīng qù. (cue) yǐqián

(This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjīng.)

-   2. Zhèi shi ta dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà.    yǐhòu

-   3. Zhèi shi tá dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn.    yǐqián

H. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐhǒu

5. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. yǐqián

6. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Māiguo qù. yǐqián

You: Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐhòu hái yào qù.

(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.

Later on I want to go again.)

Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián mái qùguo.

(This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone
there before.)

Zhè shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. Yǐhòu hái yào xué.

Zhè shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. Yǐqián méi chīguo.

Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐhòu hái yào lái.

Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐqián méi láiguo.

Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Meiguo qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo.

J. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐ shuō lái liāngtiān gòu bu gou?

(Would you say it would be enough to come for two days?)

-   2. Nǐ shuō qù liāngtiān gòu bu gou?

-   3. Nǐ shuō xué liāngniánde Zhōngwén gòu bu gou?

U. Nǐ shuō zhù sānge yuè gòu bu gou?

You: Lai liāngtiān gou le.

(it would be enough to come for two days.)

Qù liāngtiān gòu le.

Xué liāngniánde Zhōngwén gòu le.

Zhù sānge yuè gòu le.

-   5. Nǐ shuō niàn jiūge xīngqī gòu Niàn jiuge xīngqī gòu le. bu gou?

-   6. Nǐ shuō dào nèr qù wǎnr shítiān Wǎnr shítiān gòu le. gòu bu gou?

-   7. Ni shuō zou yíge zhōngtou gòu Zou yíge zhōngtou gòu le. bu gou?

    K. Expansion Drill

    -   1. Speaker: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr.

    (cue) Xiàwǔ you jǐtàng chē?

    (I hope to leave here in the afternoon.)

    -   2. Wǒ xiwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ you meiyou chē?

    -   3. Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wǎnshang you Jǐtàng chē?

    -   U. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān you jǐtàng chē?

    -   5. Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?

    -   6. Wǒ xīwang Jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ you meiyou chē?

    -   7. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?

    You: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?

    (I hope to leave here in the afternoon. How many trains are there in
    the afternoon?)

    Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē?

    Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wǎnshang yǒu jǐtàng chē?

    Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān yǒu Jǐtàng chē?

    Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān you jǐtàng chē?

    Wo xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ yǒu meiyou chē?

    Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē?

    UNIT 6

    REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

-   1. A: Jidian zhōng kāi?

-   B: Shíbādiān wùshiwùfēn fā chē.

A: Na hǎo.

-   2. B: Qing ni bā nìde hùzhào hě luxíngzhèng gěi wo.

-   A: Hǎo, gěi ni.

-   3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjl zhàntǎi?

-   B: Zài dìyī zhàntǎi.

U. B: Bu yòng JÍ. Hai zǎo ne.

-   B: Nī xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.

-   5. A: Wo zhèijiàn xíngli zǎnme bàn? Shi bu shi kěyi nǎshang chē qu?

-   B: Kěyi bǎ xíngli nǎshang chē qu.

-   6. A: Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?

-   B: You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.

A: Hǎojíle.

-   7. C: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.

-   C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.

C: Nín zhùnbèi xià chē ba.

What time does it leave?

It departs at 1855.

That's fine.

Please give me your passport and travel permit.

Okay, here it is.

On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?

It's on Platform Number 1.

No need to be anxious. It's still early.

First, rest a bit in this waiting room.

What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the
train?

You may take the suitcase onto the train.

This train has a dining car, I suppose?

Yes. There's Chinese food and there's also Western food.

Great.

The next station is Shànghǎi.

We are about to arrive at the station.

Please get ready to get off the train.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

train platform (alternate word for zhàntái. more common in Taiwan)

  -------------- ---------------
  8. ban         to move
  9. náshangqu   to take up
  náshanglai     to bring up
  náxiaqu        to take down
  nèxialai       to bring down
  10. pao        to run
  11. wan        to be late
  -------------- ---------------

12. yuètÈi

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ban bàn                           | to move (e.g., furniture) (new    |
|                                   | house) to handle, to manage, to   |
|                                   | do                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| cānchē                            | dining car                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fa chē                            | to depart (from the first         |
|                                   | terminal of a train route)        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| hǎojíle he hùzhào                 | to be wonderful, to be great and  |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | passport                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jí                                | to be anxious waiting room        |
|                                   | extremely, awfully                |
| jiēdàishì (jiēdàishì)             |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -jíle                             |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kāi kuài                          | to leave soon                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| luxíngzhèng                       | travel permit                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ná náshanglai náshangqu náxialai  | to pick up, to hold, to take to   |
| nāxiaqu                           | bring up                          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to take up                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to bring down                     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to take down                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| pāo                               | to run                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| wan                               | to be late                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Xlcān xiūxi                       | Western food to rest, to relax    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yào yuètái                        | will, going to train platform     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zǎo zhàntài Zhōngcān zhǔnbèi      | to be early train platform        |
|                                   | Chinese food to prepare, to get   |
|                                   | ready                             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C~2 tape)

bang

bú yào

láilai wǎngwǎng

qídiǎnzhàn

shūfu

to help

don’t

coming and going

station where a train originates

(literally, ’’starting station”)

to be comfortable

[]

Train from Guangzhou at the entrance to China

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?              What time does it leave?

B: Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē. It departs at 1855.

A: Nà hǎo.                          That’s fine.

Note on No. 1

Kāi and fǎ chē: When referring to trains, the verb kāi, "to start,"
means "to start off" or "to leave." The technical term fā chē, "to send
out the train," is used in reference to a train which is departing from
the terminal at the beginning of a trip, or line.

2. B: Qīng ni bǎ nīde hùzhào he luxíngzhèng gěi wo.

A: Hǎo, gěi ni.

Please give me your passport and travel permit.

Okay, here it is.

Notes on No. 2

He, "and," is a common alternate to gēn. Both he and gēn are used as
"and" between nouns.

Bǎ nīde hùzhào...: The prepositional verb bǎ points out the direct
objects (passport and travel permit) and brings those objects to the
beginning of the sentence, preceding the main verb. Without this
construction, a "traffic Jam" of sentence elements would follow that
verb.

3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjī zhàntāi?

B: Zài dìyī zhàntǎi.

On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?

It’s on Platform Number 1.

1. B: Bú yòng jí. Hai zǎo ne.

B: Nǐ xiān zài zhèige Jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.

No need to he anxious. It’s still early.

First, rest a bit in this waiting room.

Notes on No. U

In exchange 4, the aspect marker ne emphasizes that there has been no
change in the situation.

Tā zài zhèr ne.                 He is here.

When the adverb hai, ’’still," "yet," is used, the sentence very often
ends with the marker ne.

Míngtiān wǒ hai bù zǒu ne. I am not leaving tomorrow (yet), (i.e., I
will still be here tomorrow.)

Verb reduplication: In Unit 3 of the Money Module, you learned that
reduplication is one way to indicate ASPECT, although markers are more
common. INDEFINITENESS is the aspect expressed when an action verb is
reduplicated. The speaker does not commit himself to the duration or
extent of the action.

In the last sentence of No. h, the speaker asks the listener to "rest a
bit." Instead of using additional words to indicate a short duration,
the speaker reduplicates the verb, xiūxi, expressing some duration, but
of no particular limit.

To reduplicate a two-syllable verb, simply repeat the whole verb. The
repetition is unstressed, or even toneless: xiūxixiuxi

Xiān: Since this use of "first" is not followed by an explicit
"afterwards," xiān might also be translated as "for the time being" or
"right now."

Wo xiān zou le, nǐmen mànmānr Right now I’m going to excuse chī ba.
                        myself; you take your time

eating.

Nǐ xiān bié Jí, mànmānr zhǎo. For the time being, don’t be anxious; take
your time looking for it.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 5. A:                             | Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn?     |
|                                   | What do I do about this suitcase  |
|                                   | Shi bu shi kěyi nashang        of |
|                                   | mine? May I take it onto          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | chē qu?                           |
|                                   |                         the       |
|                                   | train?                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| B:                                | Keyi bǎ xíngli nashang            |
|                                   |         You may take the suitcase |
|                                   | onto                              |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | chē qu.                           |
|                                   |                          the      |
|                                   | train.                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Notes on No. $

Zěnme ban means something like "how should Csomething! be managed" or
"what should be done Cabout something!."

. Nashang chē qu, "take onto the train," is a COMPOUND VERB OF DIRECTION
which has been separated by a noun object. Na is the verb "to pick up,"
"to hold," "to take," "to bring." The directional endings -shàng, "up,"
"onto,"* and qù, "to go," tell you that the action takes place up and
away from the speaker.

  ------- --------- -------
  ná      shang     qu
  (hold   up/onto   away)
  ------- --------- -------

"to take up/onto"

Compound verbs of direction are easily formed, as shown in the chart
below. The first column contains action verbs you have learned which may
be used. The endings in the middle column are relatively few. For the
second part of the directional ending, only lái and qù may be used.

ACTION

Plus

DIRECTION

ná (to carry)

-shàng

(up)

lái (towards)

zǒu (to walk/go)

-xià

(down)

qù (away)

bān (to move)

-chū

(out)

pǎo (to run)

-jin

(in)

kāi (to drive)

-huí

(back)

(AND OTHERS)

Compound verbs of direction may be two or three syllables: chūqu, "to go
out"; zǒuchuqu, "to walk out"

*You have seen shàng used as several different parts of speech:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shàng lóu shàng chē shàngbianr    | tO gO UP   ^_(FULL)               |
| shàngge yuè zài chēshang          |                                   |
| náshangqu                         | to get on                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | upper, above (IN PLACE WORDS)     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | last, previously (SPECIFIER)      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | on (LOCATIONAL ENDING Ewith       |
|                                   | nouns!)                           |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | up, onto (DIRECTIONAL ENDING      |
|                                   | Cwith verbs!                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

It is possible to split up a two-part directional ending by placing an
object or location before the final lai or QÙ.

náshang chē qu             take onto the train/bus

náchu yìběn shū lai        bring out a book

xià lóu qu                 go downstairs

A direct object (such as nèiběn shū) may be placed EITHER at the
beginning of a sentence, using bǎ, OR later in the sentence, splitting
up the directional ending. Locations which are the goal of the action
(such as chē and 16u above) MUST be placed between the two parts of the
directional ending.

Bǎ xíngli nashang chē qu: In the last sentence of exchange 5» the direct
object, xíngli, is placed before the verb. The location of the action,
chē, is placed before the final qu. When both a location and a direct
object occur in a sentence with a multisyllabic directional verb, the
location is placed between the two syllables of the directional ending,
and the direct object is moved closer to the beginning of the sentence.

6. A: Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?

B: You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.

A: Hǎojíle.

This train has a dining car, I suppose?

Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food.

Great.

Note on No. 6

The ending -jíle, meaning "extremely,” "awfully," may be added to
adjectival verbs.

Nèige píngguo dàjíle.      That apple is huge.

Zuò huǒchē fāngbianjíle.   Riding the train is extremely

convenient.

Tā zǒude kuàijíle.         He walks awfully fast.

-Jíle is seldom used in Taiwan.

7. C: Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Shànghǎi le.

C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le.

C: Nín zhunbèi xià chē ba.

The next station is Shànghǎi.

We are about to arrive at the station.

Please get ready to get off the train.

Notes on No. 7

Kuài means ’’soon" in the second sentence of exchange 7« You have
already learned another meaning for kuài: "to be fast"

In the sentence Kuài yào dào zhàn le, yào is an auxiliary verb meaning
"will" or "to be going to." Other meanings you have learned for yào are
"to want," "to need," "to have to," "to require."

New-situation le: The aspect marker le for new situations occurs in the
first two sentences of No. 7- In Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le, the
speaker uses le to communicate a change in the circumstances: after
passing through many stations, Shànghǎi will finally be the next
station.

When a speaker uses le, he is saying that something has changed in
reference to him or in reference to the listener. In the first sentence
in No. 7, Shànghǎi itself has not changed, but what constitutes the
"next station" for the speaker and the listener has changed.

In Kuài yào dào zhàn le, new-situation le marks a change which is about
to take place—their arrival. Here are examples of references to future
changes:

Tā míngniān Jiù shísuì le. He will be ten (years old) next year.

Wǒ zǒu le.                      I’m leaving now. (i’ll be leaving

now.)

Piào kuài yào màiwǎn le.       The tickets will soon be sold out.

Many speakers of English have trouble with new-situation le because they
would not think of using it when the Chinese do. Take note of situations
which the Chinese consider to be changes, and try to use new-situation
le in your speech.

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   1. Speaker; Jīdiǎn zhong kāi? | You: Nèibān huǒchē jīdiǎn zhōng   |
|                                   | kāi? (What time does that train   |
| (cue) huǒchē                      | leave?)                           |
|                                   |                                   |
| (What time does it leave?)        | Nèibān gōnglùjúde chē jīdiǎn      |
|                                   | zhōng kāi?                        |
| -   2. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?          |                                   |
|     gōnglùjúde chē                | Nèibān gōnggòng qìchē jīdiǎn      |
|                                   | zhōng kāi?                        |
| -   3. Jídiǎn zhōng kāi? gōnggòng |                                   |
|     qìchē                         | Nèibān zhídáchē jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   U. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?          | Nèibān tèkuài jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?   |
|        zhídǎchē                   |                                   |
|                                   | Nèige yínhang jīdiǎn zhōng kāi    |
| -   5. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi? tèkuài   | men?                              |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   6. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi men?      | Nèige yǒuzhèngjú jīdiǎn zhōng kāi |
|     yínháng                       | men?                              |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   7. Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi měn?      | You: Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.      |
|     yǒuzhèngjú                    |                                   |
|                                   | (We can’t make it; we are already |
| -   B. Response Drill             | late.)                            |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   1. Speaker? Zuò sìdiǎn        | Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.              |
|     zhōngde chē, laidejí ma?      |                                   |
|                                   | (Don’t worry. It’s still early.)  |
| (cue) no                          |                                   |
|                                   | Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.           |
| (Can we make the four o’clock     |                                   |
| train?)                           | Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.              |
|                                   |                                   |
| OR     Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē,    |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| laidejí ma? (cue) yes             |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| (Can we make the four o’clock     |                                   |
| train?)                           |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   2. Zuò Jiǔdiǎn èrshifēnde     |                                   |
|     chē, láidejí ma?    no        |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   3. Zuò shídiǎn wǔshifēnde     |                                   |
|     chē, láidejí ma?    yes       |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

U. Zuè qīdiǎn wushifēnde chē,         Láibují, yījīng wǎn le.

láidejí ma? no

5. Zuè sìdiǎn língwǔfēnde chē,        Láidejí, hái zǎo ne.

láidejí ma?    yes

6. Zuò liǎngdiǎn língbāfēnde chē, Láibují, yījīng wǎn le. láidejí ma?
   no

C. Expansion Drill

D. Substitution Drill

1. Speaker: Duìbuqī, w3 děi zài zhèr xiūxixiuxi. (cue) zhēige dìfang

(Excuse me, I must rest here a moment.)

You: Duìbuqī, w3 dei zài zhèige dìfang xiūxixiuxi.

(Excuse me, I must rest at this place a moment.)

1. Speaker: Zài dìjī zhàntái?         You: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài
dìjī

(cue) Shànghǎi                  zhàntái?

(On which platform is          (On which platform is the

it?)

train to Shànghǎi?)

2. Zài

dìsān zhàntái.

NánjIng

Dào NánjIng qùde chē zài dìsān zhàntái.

3. Zài

dìjī

zhàntái?

Guǎngzhōu

Dào Guǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìjī zhàntái?

U. Zài

dìèr

zhàntái.

Tiǎnjīn

Dào Tiǎnjīn qùde chē zài dìèr zhàntái.

5. Zài

dìjí

zhàntái?

Qīngdǎo

Dào Qīngdǎo qùde chē zài dìjí zhàntái?

6. Zài

dìyī

zhàntái.

Hangzhōu

Dào Hǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìyī zhàntái.

7. Zài

dìjí

zhàntái?

Běijīng

Dào Běijīng qùde chē zài dìjí

zhàntái?

2.

Duìbuqǐ, dìfang

wǒ děi zài zhèige xiūxixiuxi.     jiāli

Duìbuqǐ, xiaxi.

wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxi-

3.

Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.

wo děi zài jiāli xiūxi-fàndiànli

Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi xiūxixiuxi.

zài

fàndiànli

u.

Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxixiuxi.     chēli

Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.

wǒ děi

zài

chēli xiūxi-

5.

Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.

wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxi-jiēdàishì

Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi xiūxixiuxi.

zài

jiēdàishì

6.

Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.     zhèr

Duìbuqǐ, xiuxi.

wǒ děi

zài

zhèr xiūxi-

7.

Duìbuqǐ,

wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi-

xiuxi.

-   E. Expansion Drill

Repeat the speaker’s statements appropriate.

-   1. Speaker: Wo zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr.

(This suitcase of mine is still here.)

OR Tā yào dào nàr qù.

(He wants to go there.)

-   2. Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.

-   3. Tā yào dào Wāngfùjǐng Dàjiě qù.

H. Wo nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang.

5. Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù.

6. Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán.

and add Zěnme bàn? or Zěnme zou? as

You: Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr. Zěnme bàn?

(This suitcase of mine is still here. What should I do about it?)

Tā yào dào nàr qù. Zěnme zou?

(He wants to go there. How do I get there Lgo3?)

WǑ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr.

Zěnme bàn?

Tā yào dào Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē qù.

Zěnme zǒu?

Wo nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang. Zěnme bàn?

Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù. Zěnme zǒu?

Wo zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán.

Zěnme bàn?

F. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tāmen you Zhōngcān háishi Xīcān? (cue) yě

(Do they have Chinese food, or Western food?)

OR Tāmen yào zhèige háishi nèige?

(cue) dōu

(Do they want this or that?)

-   2. Nǐmen mǎi zhuōzi háishi yǐzi? yě

-   3. Nǐmen mǎi pánzi háishi wǎn? dōu

U. Tāmen mǎi zhèige hóngde háishi nèige lánde? dōu

5. Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì háishi nèixiē hào? ye

6. Nǐ niàn jīngjixue háishi zhèngzhixué? yǎ

You: Tāmen you Zhōngcān, yě you Xīcān.

(They have Chinese food and they also have Western food.)

Zhèige, nèige, tāmen dōu yào.

(They want both this and that.)

Women mǎi zhuōzi, yě mǎi yīzi.

Pánzi, wǎn, women dōu mǎi.

Hóngde, lánde, tāmen dōu mǎi.

Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì, yě kàn nèixiē bào.

Wǒ niàn Jīngjixue, yě niàn zhèngzhixuē.

G. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker; Kuài yào dào zhàn le.

(We are about to arrive at the station.)

-   2. Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Běijīng le.

-   3. Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le.

U. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nánjīng le.

You: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.

(We are about to arrive at the station. Let’s get ready to get off.)

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.

Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le. Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.

Xià yízhàn Jiù shi Nánjīng le.

Women zhùnbèi xià chē ba.

-   5. Kuài yào dào Hangzhōu le.

-   6. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le.

-   7. Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le.

Kuài yào dào Hǎngzhōu le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.

Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le. Women zhǔnbèi xià chē ba.

H. Expansion Drill

1. Speaker: Tā keyi nǎshànglǎi ma? (cue) chē

(Can he bring it?)

You; Tā keyi nǎshàng chē lǎi ma?

(Can he bring it in the car?)

  --------------------------- -------- ---- ----------------------------
  2. Tā kéyi nǎxiàlǎi ma?     lou      Tā   keyi nǎxià lǒu lǎi ma?
  3. Tā kéyi nǎshàngqù ma?    huochē   Tā   keyi nǎshàng huǒchē qù ma?
  U. Tā kéyi nǎshànglǎi ma?   lǒu      Tā   kǎyi nǎshàng lǒu lǎi ma?
  5. Tā kéyi nǎxiàqù ma?      chē      Tā   keyi nǎxià chē qù ma?
  6. Tā kéyi nǎxiàlǎi ma?     huochē   Tā   keyi nǎxià huǒchē lǎi ma?
  7. Tā keyi nǎshàngqù ma?    lōu      Tā   keyi nǎshàng lǒu qù ma?
  --------------------------- -------- ---- ----------------------------

UNIT 7

REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

-   1. A: Lao Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?

-   B: Bù zěnme máng.

Nǐ you shi ma?

-   2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shísìhào yào dào Guangzhou qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding
    yìzhāng fēijī piào.

-   B: Hǎo

-   3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.

-   A: Něihān fēijī? Jǐdian zhōng qǐfēi?

-   B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qǐfēi.

U. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma?

-   B: Shi, zhí fēi Guangzhou.

-   5. A: Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiǎn?

-   B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng.

-   6. A: Rúguo wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, laidejí ha?

-   B: Laidejí.

-   7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lai jiē wo.

-   B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān hādiǎn zhōng pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.

Song, how are things going?

Are you busy?

Not especially busy.

Can I do something for you?

I’m going to Guangzhou on April 1H. Please reserve a plane ticket for
me.

Sure.

The ticket has been reserved.

Which flight? What time does it take off?

It takes off at 9:15.

Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?

Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.

How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?

It takes forty minutes.

If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?

Yes.

Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.

Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the
airport.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   8. -hao le

-   9. luguǎn

-   10. shuōhǎo le

-   11. xiǎnghǎo le

-   12. yàoshi

-   13. zuòhǎo le

to be satisfactorily completed

hotel

to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been
agreed on

to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been
thought out

if (alternate word for rúguS)

to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bù zěnme                          | not especially, not particularly  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| ding dìnghǎo le                   | to reserve                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to have (been) reserved           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fēi fēijī fēijīchǎng              | to fly airplane airport           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Guǎngzhōu                         | (name of a city in the            |
|                                   | PRC—Canton)                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -hao le                           | to be satisfactorily completed    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jiē                               | to meet/pick up/get (someone)     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| lǎo luguǎn                        | to be old in years hotel          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| máng                              | to be busy                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| pài                               | to send/assign (a person to do    |
|                                   | something)                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| qīfēi                             | to take off (airplane)            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| rúguǒ (ruguo)                     | if                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Sānlǐtún                          | (a district in Běijīng where many |
|                                   | Foreign diplomats and Chinése     |
|                                   | people from other countries live) |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shuōhao le                        | to have come to an agreement      |
|                                   | (about something); (something)    |
|                                   | has been agreed on                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiǎnghǎo le                       | to have reached a conclusion      |
|                                   | (about something); (something)    |
|                                   | has been thought out              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yàoshi                            | if                                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zhí                               | directly                          |
|                                   |                                   |
| zuòhǎo le                         | to have finished doing            |
|                                   | (something);                      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (something) has been finished     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced, on C-2 tape) chū chāi chùzhǎng gǎnbushàng

hái hǎo

kāi huì

to go on a business trip division chief

won’t be able to catch (a plane, train, etc.)

fairly good/well

to attend a meeting/conference

[]

Shànghǎi-made jeep and other vehicles in a parking lot outside the train
station in Guangzhou

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Lǎo Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?

B: Bù zěnme máng. Nǐ you shi ma?

Song, how are things going? Are you busy?

Not especially busy. Can I do something for you?

Notes on No. 1

The greeting zěnmeyàng is more informal than nǐ hǎo a. Zěnmeyàng is used
only if the two people already know each other.

Mang ne? and Mang ma? are translated into English as ’’Are you busy?”
However, the two Chinese questions are not interchangeable. When a
speaker asks the question Mang ma? he really wants to find out whether
someone is busy. On the other hand, Mang ne? is an example of the
Chinese custom of greeting a person by stating the obvious. The speaker
is simply acknowledging the fact that the listener is busy. The question
mark following Mang ne? shows that the speaker is inviting the listener
to comment. You might think of Máng ne? as something like the English
"Well, it looks like you are working hard,” which invites a response
like "Sure am” or "Oh, I’m really not doing much of anything."

Ne may be used in many sentences to comment on what the person being
addressed is doing at the moment:

Chi fàn ne?                Having dinner, I see?

Zài zhèr ne?               Well, you’re here?

Mǎi dōngxi ne?             Doing some shopping, eh?

These sentences are almost greetings in themselves.

The overall intonation of the question Mang ma? is higher than that of a
statement. The intonation of Mang ne? is somewhat lower. Listen
carefully to the tape.

Bù zěnme may precede a state verb, "not especially," "not particularly."

Wǒ bù zěnme xǐhuan nèiběn shū.

Wǒ bù zěnme qīngchu.

Wǒ jīntiān bù zěnme hǎo.

Tā bù zěnme you qián.

Wǒ bù zěnme xiǎng qù.

Contrast bù zěnme with bú zenme, "not

The expression would then mean

I don’t particularly like that book. I’m not particularly clear on this.

(This isn’t very clear to me.) I’m not particularly well today. He's not
especially rich.

I don't especially want to go. as much as that":

Wǒ bú zenme xǐhuan kàn diàn- I don't like to go to the movies that
yīngr.                          much, (i.e., as much as someone

else Just mentioned)

Wǒ bù zěnme xihuan kàn diàn-yīngr.

I don’t particularly like to go to the movies.

-   2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shisìhào yào dào Guangzhou qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding
    yìzhāng fēijī piào.

I’m going to Guangzhou on April 1U. Please reserve a plane ticket for
me.

Sure.

-   3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le.

-   A: Neibān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?

-   B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qīfēi.

The ticket has been reserved.

Which flight? What time does it take off?

It takes off at 9:15.

Note on No. 3

Dìnghǎo is a compound verb of result. When used as the final element in
a compound verb of result, hǎo indicates that the action described by
the initial verb has been brought to a successful conclusion.

The same form of the verb, dìnghǎo, is used to describe an object having
something done to it and a person doing something to an object.

Piào dìnghǎo le.           The ticket has been reserved.

Wǒ bǎ piào dìnghǎo le. I have reserved the ticket.

Here are additional examples of compounds with the result-ending -hǎo:

Wǒmen yījīng shuōhǎo le. We have already come to an agreement about it.
(We have already talked it out to a conclusion.)

Nī xiǎnghǎo le meiyou? Have you reached a conclusion yet? (Have you
thought it out to a conclusion yet?)

Wǒ yījīng bǎ Jīntiān I have already finished making the wǎnshàng yào
chīde         things we are going to eat tonight,

dōngxi zuòhǎo le.

Nīde xíngli zhunbèihǎo Is your luggage ready? le ma?

U. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma?

B: Shi, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu.

Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?

Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu.

Notes on No. U

Zhèibān fēijī, "this flight": In Chinese, the specifier zhèi- is used to
refer to what has just been talked about. In English, "that" and "the"
are used for the same purpose.

The adverb zhí is not used in as many situations as is its English
translation, "directly," "straight." In other contexts, the word for
"directly" or "direct" would be zhíjiē, and the word for "straight"
would be yìzhí.

5. A: Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?

B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng.

How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?

It takes forty minutes.

6. A: Rúguo wō bādiǎn zhōng líkāi Jiā, láidejí ba?

B: Láidejí.

If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?

Yes.

Note on No. 6

Rúguo is one of the commonest words in Chinese for "if." Another widely
used word for "if" is yàoshi. (See Additional Required Vocabulary, No.
12.) You have already learned that the idea of "if" may be conveyed in
Chinese without any special word:

Zuò Gōnglùjú děi xiān mǎi If I take the bus, is it necessary piào ma?
                      to buy tickets ahead of time?

Bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā         If I leave home at eight o’clock,

láidejí ba?                     I can make it in time. Right?

7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lái jiē wo.

B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān bādiǎn zhōng pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qu.

Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning.

Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the
airport.

Notes on No. 7

The verb pài means "to send/assign someone tto do something]."

Ge: You have already learned that, when toneless, yíge means "a," not
"one." In the first sentence of exchange 7, you see that yíge can be
reduced to the one syllable ge. This reduction happens most frequently
when "a" follows the sentence verb.

zhǎo ge rén chī ge píngguS

to look for someone (i.e. , a person)

to eat an apple

The verb jiē means "to meet," as in "meeting someone at the station," or
"to get," "to pick up," as in "I’ll come by to get you (pick you up)
about eight o’clock."

Pài ge chē lái jiē wo, literally "send a car to come pick me up": In
English, "come" may be omitted. In Chinese, lái must separate the action
(pài ge chē) from the purpose of the action (jiē wo). Either lái or qù
may be used to mark purpose expressions, depending on the direction of
the action.

The verb song means "to take/escort someone" in the last sentence of
exchange 7- Song may also mean "to send" in the sense of "delivering an
object," in contrast with the verb pài, which means "to send a person."

Qǐng pài ge rén dào wo jiā Please send a man over to my house, lái.

Qǐng bǎ zhuōzi song dao wǒ Please deliver the table to my house, jiā qù.

-   8. -hǎo le

-   9. luguǎn

-   10. shuōhǎo le

-   11. xiǎnghǎo le

-   12. yàoshi

-   13. zuòhǎo le

to he satisfactorily completed

hotel

to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been
agreed on

to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been
thought out

if (alternate word for rúguo)

to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished

Note on Additional Required Vocabulary

Luguǎn is the general term for any kind of hotel. When following a verb
or the prepositional verb zài, luguǎn may be followed by the locational
ending -li, "in," or there may be no locative ending. This is also the
case with other place words naming institutions, business
establishments, and organizations.

Tā zài zhèige luguǎnli (OR He stayed in this hotel for two zài zhèige
luguǎn) zhùle months.

liǎngge yuè.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Animals

  ----------- ----------
  tear        xióng
  camel       luòtuo
  cat         māo
  chicken     
  cow         niú
  deer        lù
  dog         gǒ^(u)
  donkey-     lù
  duck        yā
  elephant    xiang
  fish        yfi
  fox         húli
  goat        shānyáng
  horse       ma
  lion        shīzi
  monkey      hóuzi
  mouse/rat   lǎoshù
  panda       xiongmāo
  Pig         zhū
  sheep       yang
  tiger       lǎohù
  turkey      huojǐ
  wolf        lang
  ----------- ----------

DRILLS

A. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Qing ni gěi wo mǎi yìzhāng chuan piào.

(Please buy one boat ticket for me.)

-   2. Qing ni gěi Ma Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng huochē piào.

-   3. Qing ni gěi Mao Tàitai mǎi yìzhang gōnglùjúde chēpiào.

U. Qing ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě mǎi sǎnzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào.

-   5. Qing ni gěi Liú Ntlshì mǎi sǎnzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.

-   6. Qing ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng fēijī piào.

-   7. Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai mǎi liǎngzhāng chuán piào.

You: Qing ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng chuán piào.

(Please reserve one boat ticket for me.)

Qing ni gěi MS Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng huochē piào.

Qing ni gěi Máo Tàitai ding yìzhāng gōnglùjúde chēpiào.

Qing ni gěi Lin Xiǎojiě ding sǎnzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào.

Qing ni gei Liu Nushi ding sǎnzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào.

Qing ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng ding liǎngzhāng fēijī piào.

Qing ni gěi Zhào Tàitai ding liǎngzhāng chuán piào.

-   B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. (cue) huochē piào

(l want to go to Guǎngzhōu.)

-   2. Wo yào dào Běijīng qù. fēijī piào

-   3. Wǒ yào dào Nánjīng qù. tèkuàichēde piào

U. Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù. chuán piào

5. Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù.

qìchē piào

You: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù, keyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng huǒchē piào?

(I want to go to Guǎngzhōu.

May I reserve a train ticket?)

Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng fēijī piào?

Wo yào dào Nánjīng qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng tèkuàichēde piào?

Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng chuán piào?

Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù, kěyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng qìchē piào?

6. Wo yào dào Hangzhōu qù. fēijī piào

Wǒ yào dào Hangzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhang fēijī piào?

-   7. Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù. zhídáchēde piào

Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhang zhídáchēde piào?

-   C. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zuōhǎo le ma?              You: Méi zuòhǎo ne.

(cue) no                       (I haven’t finished doing it.)

(Have you finished

doing it?)

2. Shuōhǎo le ma?

yes

Shuōhǎo le.

3. Xiǎnghǎo le ma?

soon

Kuài xiǎnghǎo le.

U. DÌnghǎo le ma?

not yet

Hai méi dìnghǎo ne.

5. Shuōhǎo le ma?

no

Méi shuōhǎo ne.

6. Zuòhǎo le ma?

soon

Kuài zuōhǎo le.

7. Xiǎnghǎo le ma?

not yet

Hai méi xiǎnghǎo ne

-   D. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Něibán fēijī? (Which flight?)

OR Neibān huǒchē? (Which train?)

-   2. Neibān qìchē?

-   3. Neibān fēijī?

You: Neibān fēijī? Jidiǎn zhōng qlfēi?

(Which flight? What time does it take off?)

Neibān huǒchē? Jidiǎn zhōng kāi?

(Which train? What time does it leave?)

Neibān qìchē? Jidiǎn zhōng kāi?

Neibān fēijī? Jidiǎn zhōng qlfēi?

U. Neibān zhídǎchē?

5. Neibān tèkuàichē?

6. Neibān fēijī?

Neibān zhídǎchē? Jīdiǎn zhōng kāi?

Neibān tèkuàichē? Jīdiǎn zhong kāi?

Neibān fēijī? Jīdiǎn zhōng qīfēi?

-   E. Substitution Drill

1. Speaker: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma? (cue) Nānjīng (Does this
flight go

directly to Guǎngzhōu?)

You: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nānjīng ma?

(Does this flight go directly to Nānjīng?)

2. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi

Nānj īng

Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma?

ma?

Shànghǎi

3. Zhèibān ma?

fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng

Shànghǎi

Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma?

U. Zhèibān ma?

fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn

Běijīng

Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma?

5. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu

Wuhàn ma?

Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu ma?

6. Zhèibān

fēijī zhí fēi

Sūzhōu ma?

Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?

Qīngdǎo

7. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma?

-   F. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Cóng Sānlitún dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiǎn? (cue)
    duōshaofēn zhōng

(How much time does it take to go from Sānlitún to the train station?)

-   2. Cóng Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjlng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao
    shíhou

-   3. Cong Changān Jiē dào Rìtánlù yào duōshao shíjiǎn?

Jìfēn zhōng

-   4. Cong Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiǎn? jitiān

-   5. Cong Nǎnjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao xiǎoshí

-   6. Cong Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshao xiǎoshí

-   7. Cong GuǎnghuǎltL dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiǎn? duōshaofēn
    zhōng

You: Cóng Sānlitún dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?

(How many minutes from Sānlitún to the train station?)

Cong Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjlng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíhou?

Cōng Chǎngǎn Jiē dào Rìtǎnlù yào jifēn zhōng?

Cong Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào jitiān?

Cong Nǎnjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao xiǎoshí?

Cóng Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao xiǎoshí?

Cōng Guǎnghuǎlǔ dào huōchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng?

-   G. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Rúguō wō bǎdiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, lǎidejí ma?

(If I leave home at eight o’clock, can I make it?)

-   2. Rúguō wō shídiǎn zhōng líkǎi xuǎxiào, lǎidejí ma?

You: Rúguō wō bǎdiǎn zhōng líkǎi jiǎ, shěnme shíhou dào?

(If I leave home at eight o’clock, what time will I arrive?)

Rúguō wō shídiǎn zhōng líkǎi xuexiào, shěnme shíhou dào?

-   3. RÚguS Lí Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shifēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, láidejí ma?

U. Ruguo Zhang Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, láidejí ma?

-   5. Rúguo tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, láidejí ma?

-   6. Ruguo ni zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, láidejí ma?

-   7. Rúguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, láidejí ma?

Rúguo Lǐ Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shífēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, shenme shíhou dào?

Rúguo Zhāng Nushì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, shenme shíhou dào?

Rúguo tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, shenme shíhou dào?

Rúguo ni zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, shénme shíhou dào?

Rúguo tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, shénme shíhou dào?

H. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Qīng ni lái jiē wo. (Please pick me up.)

You: Qīng ni pài ge chē lái jiē wo. (Please send a car to pick me up.)

-   2. Qīng ni lái jiē ta.

-   3. Qīng ni qù jiē tamen.

Qīng ni qù Jiē ta.

-   5. Qīng ni song wo qù.

-   6. Qīng ni lái jiē ta.

-   7. Qīng ni song tamen qù.

      ------ ---- ---------------------------
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē lái jiē ta.
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē qù jiē tamen.
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē qù jiē ta.
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē song wo qù.
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē lái jiē ta.
      Qīng   ni   pài ge chē sòng tamen qù.
      ------ ---- ---------------------------

I. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wo song ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.

(I’ll take you to the airport.)

-   2. W3 song ni dào huochēzhàn qù.

-   3. W3 sǒng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.

-   U. Wo sǒng ni dào tā jiā qù.

-   5. W3 sǒng ni dào yínhang qù.

-   6. Wo song ni dào dàshiguǎn qù.

-   7. Wo sǒng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.

You: Wǒ pài chē song ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.

(I’ll send a car to take you to the airport.)

Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào huochēzhàn qù.

Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù.

Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào tā Jiā qù.

Wǒ pài chē song ni dào yínhang qù.

Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào dàshiguǎn qù.

Wǒ pài chē sǒng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù.

UNIT 8

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

-   1. B: Hǎo Jiǔ měi Jiàn, nín chū men le ba?

-   A: Shi a, wo yōu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.

-   2. B: Nín wèishěnme gang huílai, yōu qù le ne?

-   A: Wō zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hěn hǎode
    pěngyou cǒng Xiǎnggǎng lǎi.

-   3. A: Women you y ini an měi Jiàn le.

-   A: Tā qǐng wo pěi ta yìqī qù lùxíng.

U. A: Sānge yuè yīqiǎn wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tǎ hǎi bù zhídào
něng bu něng lǎi.

-   5. B: Nīmen dōu qùguo shěnme dìfang?

-   A: Nǎnjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le.

Hǎngzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.

-   6. A: You Jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.

-   7. A: Zhèixiē dìfang nī dōu qùguo le ba?

-   B: Měi dōu qùguo. Wo hǎi měi qùguo Sūzhōu.

I haven’t seen you for a long time, You have been away, I suppose?

Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.

Why did you go again when you had Just come back from there?

This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming
there from Hong Kong.

We had not seen each other for a year.

She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.

Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether
she would be able to come or not.

What places did you go to?

We went to Nǎnjīng, Shànghǎi, Hǎngzhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hǎngzhōu is really
beautiful.

If I have the chance, I would like to go again.

You have gone to all those places, I suppose?

I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.

-   8. huí guó

-   9. huí jiā

-   10. huíqu

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED (not presented on C-

-   11. rènao

-   12. you yìsi

-   13. méi(yǒu) yìsi

1U. suǒyǐ (suóyi)

VOCABULARY

•1 and P-1 tapes)

to return to one’s native country

to come/go home

to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting

to be uninteresting therefore, so

VOCABULARY

  -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  chū men (chū ménr)   to go out, to go away from home, to go out of town
  gang                 only a short while ago, just
  Hangzhou             (a city in Zhejiang Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Hangchow)
  hāo jiu              a long time
  huí                  to return to, to go back to
  huí guō              to return to one’s native country
  huí jiā              to return home
  huílai               to come back
  huíqu                to go back
  jiàn                 to meet, to see
  Jīhui                opportunity, chance
  méi(you) yìsi        to be uninteresting
  něng                 can; to be able to
  péi                  to accompany
  piàoliang            to be beautiful
  qing                 to request, to invite
  rènao                to be lively/bustling/noisy
  suōyl (suoyi)        therefore, so
  Sūzhōu               (a city in Jiāngsū Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Soochow)
  wèishénme            why
  ylnwei               because
  yìql                 together, along with
  yōu                  again (with completed actions)
  you yìsi             to be interesting
  zài                  again (with uncompleted actions)
  -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------

(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

  ------------------ -------------------------------------------------
  huār kāile         the flowers have bloomed (literally, ’’opened”)
  jiānglái           in the future
  shōudao            to receive
  ySumíngde dìfang   famous place
  zuìJin             recently
  ------------------ -------------------------------------------------

[]

Běijīng Workers' Stadium

REFERENCE NOTES

1. B: Hǎo jiǔ méi Jiàn, nín chū men le ba?

A: Shi a, wo yòu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le.

I haven’t seen you for a long time You have been away, I suppose?

Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again.

Notes on No. 1

Hǎo jiǔ, ’’very long”: In this phrase, the word hǎo means ’’very.” Some
additional examples of this use of hǎo are

hǎo dà                     very large

hǎo duō rén                a good many people

hǎo Jitiān                 quite a few days

Persons from Taiwan frequently use hǎo, ’’very,” before another hǎo, as
in Hǎo hǎowǎn! "What fun!” and Hǎo hǎochī! "Delicious!” Speakers from
Bǎijīng think that this repetition of hǎo sounds bad.

The verb Jiàn means ”to see someone” in the sense of ”to visit/talk with
someone." The verb kànjian is used for "to see” in the sense of "to
perceive an object."

Chū mén means "to go out," "to go away from home," "to go out of town";
literally, "to go out the door."

Yōu is the word for "again" which is used with completed actions. (See
notes on No. 6 for "again" with actions that have not been completed.)

Òu, nī yòu lǎi le!             Oh, you have come again!

Qìshuī yòu méiyou le.          We are out of soda again.

Tā zuétiān méi shàng kè. Yesterday he didn’t attend class.

Jīntiān yòu méi shàng kè. Today, again, he didn’t attend class.

2. B: NÍn wèishénme gang huílai, you qù le ne?

A: W3 zhèicì dào GUǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hen hāode péngyou
cóng Xianggang lai.

Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?

This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming
there from Hong Kong.

Notes on No. 2

Wèishénme, ’’why," follows the subject in the first sentence of exchange
2. This question word usually occurs in that position. (In English,
’’why” always precedes the subject.)

  ---- ----------- --------------------
  Ni   wèishénme   you qù le ne?
       (Why        did you go again?)
  ---- ----------- --------------------

Sometimes wèishénme precedes the subject of a sentence:

  ----------- ----------- ---------
  Wèishénme   tā          méi qù?
  Tā          wèishénme   méi qù?
  ----------- ----------- ---------

’’Why didn’t he go?”

Gang, "only a short while ago," "Just": The first sentence in the
exchange could also be translated as "Why, having just come back from
there, did you go again?"

The adverb gang is used in sentences describing something that has just
been done, in other words, completed action. But notice that the marker
le for completion is not used here. The marker le is added when the
focus is on whether or not the action has been performed, not on when or
how it was performed. Gang is often used in sentences emphasizing the
recentness of an action, not the fact that it was done; therefore le is
not used.

Ni shi shénme shíhou láide? When did you come here?

Gang lái.                       I Just got here.

Ni mèimei zài bu zài?          Is your little sister here?

Tā gang z3u.                    She just left.

Huí, "to return," "to go back": Like chù, "to go out," and jin, "to
enter',¹*' huí must be followed by either a place word or a directional
ending.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| huí Bèijing huíguo huíj iā huílai | to return to Bèijīng              |
| huíqu                             |                                   |
|                                   | to return to one’s native country |
|                                   | to return home                    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to come back                      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to go back                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

The meaning of huílai is not as broad, as that of the English
translation "to come back,” which has two meanings: 1) to come from
someplace else to the original place (”He leaves for work at eight and
doesn’t come back till six.”) and 2) to come another time ("Mr. Wang
isn’t in today; come back tomorrow.") Huílai means "to return to a
particular place." To say "to come another time" in Chinese, you would
use an adverb meaning "again" and the verb lái. For example,

Wang Xiānsheng Jīntiān bú zài, qing ni míngtiān zài lái.

Nèige ren zuótiān you lái zhāo ni, nǐ bú zài.

Mr. Wáng isn't in today; please come back tomorrow.

That guy came back looking for you yesterday, but you were out.

Ne: Because of the question word wèishenme, "why," the first sentence in
exchange 2 is clearly a question. The marker ne is not needed to
indicate a question, but does give an added ring of inquisitiveness to
the sentence. Questions ending in ne often seem to be asking for
definite answers.

Yǐnwei, "because": Here are some

Nǐ wèishénme méi lái?

Yǐnwei wo hěn máng.

Nǐ wèishenme láiwān le?

Yǐnwei wo zǒucuò le.

Nǐ wèishenme you qù le?

Yǐnwei wǒde péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái.

simpler sentences containing yǐnwei:

Why didn't you come?

Because I was very busy.

Why did you come late?

Because I made a wrong turn.

Why did you go again?

Because my friend was coming from Hong Kong.

The word order in the second sentence of exchange 2 may be described in
terms of a pattern:

SENTENCE shi yǐnwei SENTENCE

Wǒ zhèicì dào                    wǒ yǒu yige hěn

Guangzhōu qù                     hǎode péngyou

cóng Xiānggǎng lái.

The phrase hěn hǎode péngyou contains the marker of modification -de.
The modifying phrase ADVERB + ADJECTIVAL VERB (e.g., zuì xiǎo, tài gāo)
is followed by -de. Therefore hǎo péngyou does not need -de, but hěn
hǎode péngyou does.

The verb yǒu is translated in the past tense in the second sentence of
this exchange: "I HAD a . . . friend coming." Notice that there is no
completed-action marker in the sentence. Yǒu cannot be used with a
completed-action marker because it is a STATE verb, not an action verb.
(See notes on Nos. 7-8 in BIO, Unit 8, and on No. h in this unit.)

3.

A: Women you yìnián méi jiàn le. We had not seen each other for a year.

A: Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqī qù She asked me to accompany her (in her)
luxíng.                         travels.

Notes on No. 3

You yìnián méi: To state the period of time within which something has
not happened, place the amount of time in front of the negative and the
verb. The verb you may be placed in front of the amount of time.

  ------------ ----------------- --------- --------------
  Women        (you)             sānnián   méi Jiàn le.
  (as for us   there have been   3 years   haven’t met)
  ------------ ----------------- --------- --------------

"We haven’t seen each other for three years."

In this example, new-situation le might be translated as "as of now."

When you are talking about a period of time within which something will
not happen, the same pattern is used, but you may NOT be added:

  ---- ----------- ------------
  Wǒ   liāngtiān   bù chīfàn.
  ---- ----------- ------------

"I’m not going to eat for two days."

The verb qǐng, which you have already learned as "please," means "to
request Ethat a person do something!" or "to invite." Normally, when you
qǐng someone to take a trip or to go out, you are saying that you will
pay all expenses.

4. A: Sānge yuè yǐqián wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào
néng bu néng lái.

Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether
she would be able to come or not.

Notes on No. 4

Yǐqián, "ago": You have already seen yǐqián used after a phrase to mean
"before."

Wǒ shàng bān yǐqián, wo mǎi Before I start work, I will buy diǎnr chide.
                   something to eat.

In No. U, yiqián is used after an amount of time to mean ’'ago."

Liǎngnián yiqián, wǒ meiyou Two years ago, I didn’t have a car. qìchē.

Neng, "can," "to be able to," "to be capable of": The most general word
in Chinese for "to be able to" is neng. The meanings of neng and keyi
"to be permitted by someone" or "permissible according to some rules or
conventions," overlap.

Nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào: The negative is bù, even though the
sentence refers to the past. The negative mei cannot be used here
because it is the negative of completed action. The verb zhīdao, like
the verb you and adjectival verbs such as hǎo, is a state verb and
cannot be thought of as completed.

Since the negative of a state verb is the same in the present and past
tenses, the intended time must be discovered from the context. One
reason for using nèige shíhou in No. H is to make the time reference
very clear.

STATE VERBS include all adjectival verbs, auxiliary verbs, and a few
other verbs. Here are some examples:

STATE VERBS

Adjectival Verbs

YīJiǔsānyīnián dōngxi dōu bú guì.

Wǒ zài Déguode shíhou bú huì shuō Déguo huà.

Wǒ yiqián bù xǐhuan niàn shū.

Auxiliaries Others

  -------- ------- --------
  dà       huì     shi
  xiǎo     kéyi    zài
           X       
  gui      neng    you
  piányi   děi     xing
  kuài     bú bì   Jiào
  màn      yào     zhīdao
  duō      xiǎng   xīhuan
  -------- ------- --------

shǎo gāoxìng

In 1931, everything was inexpensive

When I was in Germany, I couldn't speak German.

Before, I didn’t like to study.

Bù zhīdào neng bu neng lái, "didn't know if she would be able to come":
The object of the verb zhīdao is a choice-type question, néng bu neng
lái. Here are more examples of this usage:

Wǒ bù zhīdào hái yǒu meiyou. I don’t know if there are any left.

Nī wènwen tā mǎile meiyou.     Ask him if he bought it.

Wǒ xiǎng zhīdao tāmen lái      I would like to know if they are

bu lái.                         coming or not.

English-speaking students of Chinese are often tempted to translate "if"
as rúguō or yàoshi; to do so, however, is wrong. The following rule may
help you remember to use a choice-type question: Whenever the "if" in an
English sentence means "whether," use a choice-type question in Chinese.
For example, "I would like to know if they are coming" means "I would
like to know whether they are coming"; therefore, in Chinese, you would
use a choice-type question as the object of the verb zhidao.

5. B: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?

A: Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hangzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le. Hangzhou zhēn shi
piàoliang.

What places did you go to?

We went to Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Háng-zhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hángzhōu is really
beautiful.

Notes on No. 5

Nīmen dōu qùguo shenme dìfang? is ambiguous. It could mean either "What
places did all of you go to?" or "What are all the places that you went
to?"

You already know that dōu may refer to an object when that object
precedes the verb, in topic position. (See the second sentence in
exchange 5.)

In this first sentence of the exchange, dōu is referring to an object
which occurs after the verb. When an object includes a question word, it
is not placed before dōu in the sentence.

Tā dōu qùguo shenme dìfang? What are all the places that he went to?

Tā dōu niànguo shénme shū? What are all the books that she has read?

Tā dōu mǎiguo shénme dōngxi? What are all the things that he bought ?

The shi in Hángzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang has been added for emphasis. Shi
is not required before adjectival verbs.

6. A: You JIhui wō yào zài qù yícì. If I have the chance, I would like

to go again.

Notes on No. 6

The adverb zài means ’’again” in talking about actions that have not
been completed. (This adverb was translated previously in your text as
’’then” in commands.)

Míngtiān zài lái ba!       Come again tomorrow.

Qing ni zài shuō yícì.     Please say it again.

Yícì means ’’one occurrence of going,” or ’’one trip,” in this sentence.
(The English translation does not include an equivalent of yícì.)

7. A: Zhèixiē dìfang ni dōu qùguo le ba?

B: Mei dōu qùguo. Wō hai méi qùguo Sūzhōu.

You have gone to all those places, I suppose?

I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu.

Note on No. 7

Mei dōu, ’’not all": In the second sentence of exchange 7> the negative
méi precedes the adverb dōu. Placing a negative before dōu instead of
after it changes the meaning of the phrase. Compare the sentences below:

Tāmen dōu bù lai.

Tāmen bù dōu lái.

Wō dōu méi qùguo.

Wo méi dōu qùguo.

They are all not coming. (All of them are not coming.)

Not all of them are coming.

I haven’t been to any of them.

I haven’t been to all of them.

  ----- --------------- -----------------------------------
  8.    huí guó         to return to one's native country
  9-    huí jiā         to come/go home
  10.   huíqu           to go back
  11.   rènao           to be lively/bustling/noisy
  12.   you yìsi        to be interesting
  13.   méi(you) yìsi   to be uninteresting
  1U.   suǒyǐ (suóyi)   therefore, so
  ----- --------------- -----------------------------------

Note on Additional Required Vocabulary

Suǒyǐ (also pronounced suóyi) is the word "therefore,” ”so.”

Wǒ hen máng, suoyi méi qù. I was very busy, so I didn’t go.

In Chinese sentences expressing cause and result, the pattern yinwei...
suoyi... is preferred. English speakers often find difficulty in using
this pattern because it sounds unnatural in English to say "Because I
was very busy, so I didn’t go." In English, either "because" or "so"
would be omitted; but, in Chinese, both yīnwei and suoyi are often
retained.

Yinwei wǒ hěn máng, suoyi méi qù.

Yinwei tā shi hǎo xuésheng, suoyi lǎoshī dōu xǐhuan ta.

Yīnwei wǒ méiyou hùzhào, suóyi xiànzài wǒ hái bù néng líkǎi.

Yinwei wǒ yào dào Zhōngguo qù, suóyi wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén.

Yinwei wǒ méiyou chē, suóyi wǒ bù néng zhùde lí xuéxiào tài yuǎn.

Notice that suóyi always precedes the

I was very busy, so I didn’t go. (OR "Because I was very busy, I didn’t
go.")

Because he is a good student, all the teachers like him.

I don't have a passport, so I can't leave yet. (OR "Because I don't have
a passport, I can’t leave yet.")

I have to learn Chinese because I'm going to go to China.

I don’t have a car, so I can't live too far away from school. (OR
"Because I don't have a car, I can't live too far away from school.")

subject of the sentence.

Suóyi may also mean "that's why...": "That's why you came here by
plane." Suóyi ni shi zud fēijī láide. When used this way, the word suóyi
is stressed.

DRILLS

A. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā chū mén le.

(He has gone out.)

-   2. Tā dào Zhōngguo qù le.

-   3. Tā niàn shū le.

U. Tā shàngqu le.

-   5. Tā dào péngyou Jiā qù le.

-   6. Tā lái le.

-   7. Tā huíqu le.

You; Tā yōu chū mén le ma?

(Has he gone out again?)

Tā yōu dào Zhōngguo qù le ma?

Tā yōu niàn shū le ma?

Tā yōu shàngqu le ma?

Tā yōu dào péngyou Jiā qù le ma?

Tā yōu lái le ma?

Tā yōu huíqu le ma?

-   B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ yào kàn yíge péngyou.

(I want to see a friend.)

-   2. Wǒ yào mai yìběn Zhōngguo zìdiǎn.

-   3. Tā xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.

U. Tā yào kànkan mùqin.

-   5. Tā dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián.

-   6. Tā xiǎng xué ZhŌngwén.

-   7. Tā dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.

You: Wo zhèicì qù shi yào kàn yíge péngyou.

(The reason I’m going this time is Cthat3 I want to see a friend.)

Wo zhèicì qù shi yào mǎi yìbān Zhōngguo zìdiǎn.

Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng.

Tā zhèicì qù shi yào kànkan muqin.

Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián.

Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng xué Zhōngwén.

Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan mǎi yìdiǎn dōngxi.

-   C. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: W3 yǒu yìnián měi qù le.

(cue) kànjian ta

(I haven’t gone for a year.)

-   2. Wǒ you yìnián měi kànjian ta le. dào Shànghǎi qù

-   3. Wǒ you yìnián měi dào Shànghǎi qù le.    kàn Zhōngwěn bào

h. Wǒ you yìnián měi kàn Zhōngwěn bào le.    qù kàn ta

-   5. Wǒ yǒu yìnián měi qù kàn ta le. zuò fēijī

-   6. Wǒ you yìnián méi zuò fēijī le. dào zhèr lái

-   7. Wǒ you yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le.

You: Wo yǒu yìnián méi kànjian ta le.

(I haven’t seen him for a year.)

Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào Shànghǎi qù le.

Wǒ you yìnián měi kàn Zhongwěn bào le.

Wo you yìnián měi qù kàn ta le.

Wo you yìnián méi zuò fēijī le.

Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le.

-   D. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ gēge qīng wo péi ta qù lùxíng.

(My older brother asked me to accompany him tin hisJ travels.)

-   2. Wǒ jiějie qīng wo péi ta qù mǎi dōngxi.

-   3. Wǒ àiren qīng wo péi ta qù kàn péngyou.

U. Zhang Tongzhì qīng wo péi ta dào Beijīng qù.

-   5. Lī Tǒngzhì qīng wo péi ta dào bǒwùguǎn qù.

You: Wo dei péi wo gēge qù luxíng. (I must accompany my older brother
tin hisl travels.)

Wǒ děi péi wǒ Jiějie qù mǎi dōngxi

Wǒ děi péi wǒ àiren qù kàn péngyou

Wǒ děi péi Zhang Tongzhì dào Běijīng qù.

Wo děi péi Lī Tǒngzhì dào běwùguǎn qù.

-   6. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù mǎi shū.

    Wǒ dei péi ta qù mǎi shū.

-   7. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù huàn qian.

    Wo děi péi ta qù huàn qian.

-   E. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.

(cue) shénme shíhou

(At that time he did not yet know whether or not he would be able to
come.)

-   2. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lāi.

xīngqījǐ

-   3. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lāi. kéyi bu keyi

U. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lāi. jǐyuè

-   5. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐyuè lāi. néng bu néng

-   6. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lāi. Jǐhào

-   7. Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐhào lāi.

You: Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lāi.

(At that time he did not yet know what time to come.)

Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lāi.

Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lāi.

Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐyuè lāi.

Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lāi.

Tā nèige shíhou hāi bù zhīdào jǐhào lāi.

F. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?

(cue) Shanghai, NánJīng

(What places did you go to?)

-   2, Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? nǐ shuōde

-   3. Nǐmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèngzhixué, JīngJixué

-   H. Nǐmen dōu mǎi shénme le? zhuōzi, pánziwǎn

-   5. Nǐmen zuōtiān dōu mǎi shénme le? shū, zázhì

-   6. Nǐmen dōu yào shénme yánsède? lánde, hongde

-   7. Nǐmen Jīntiān dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? bowùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn

You: Shànghǎi, Nánjīng women dōu qù le.

(We went to both Shànghǎi and Nánjīng.)

Nī shuōde nèixiē dìfang women dōu qù le.

Zhèngzhixué, JīngJixué women dōu niàn le.

Zhuōzi, pánziwǎn women dōu mǎi le

Shū, zázhì women dōu mǎi le.

Lánde, héngde women dōu yào.

Bowùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn women dōu qù le.

G. Transformation Drill

-   1, Speaker; Tāmen dōu lái le ma? (cue) not all

(Did they all come?)

-   2. Tāmen dōu qù le ma? none

-   3. Tāmen dōu zǒu le ma? not all

U. Tāmen dōu mǎi le ma? none

-   5. Tāmen dōu mài Zhōngguo shū ma? not all

You: Tāmen méi dōu lái.

(Not all of them came.)

Tāmen dōu méi qù.

Tāmen méi dōu zǒu.

Tāmen dōu méi mǎi.

Tāmen bù dōu mài Zhōngguo shū.

-   6. Shànghǎi, Běijīng, Nánjīng tāmen dōu qùguo le ma? not all

    Tāmen méi dōu qùguo.

    Tāmen dōu méi láiguo.

-   7. Tāmen dōu láiguo ma? none

-   H. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ míngtiān yào zài qù yícì.

(Tomorrow I want to go again.)

-   2. Tā hòutiān yào zài lái yícì.

-   3. Tā míngnián yào zài niàn yícì.

U. Wǒ xiàge yuè yào zài kàn yícì.

-   5. Tā xiàge xingqī yào zài zuò yicì.

-   6. Wǒ xiàwǔ yào zài xue yícì.

-   7. Tā xiàge Xīngqīyī yào zài kāi yícì.

You; Wǒ zuotiān you qùle yícì.

(Yesterday I went again.)

Tā qiántiān you láile yícì.

Tā qùnián you niànle yícì.

Wo shàngge yuè you kànle yícì.

Tà shàngge xīngqī yòu zuòle yícì.

Wo shàngwǔ yòu xuele yícì.

Tā shàngge Xīngqīyī yòu kSile yícì

I. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shenme dìfang?

(cue) zhèige dìfang (What places did you go to?)

-   2. Nīmen dōu māi shénme le? shū

-   3. Nīmen dōu yào shénme? mǎi lánde

H. Nīmen dōu zhùguo shénme fàndiàn? nèige fàndiàn

-   5. Nīmen dōu niànguo shénme? zhèngzhixué

-   6. Nīmen dōu kàn shénme diànyīng le? zhèige diànyīng

-   7. Nīmen dōu xing shénme? Lī

You: Nīmen dōu qùguo zhèige dìfang ma?

(Did all of you go to this place?)

Nīmen dōu mǎi shū le ma?

Nīmen dōu yào mǎi lánde ma?

Nīmen dōu zhùguo nèige fàndiàn ma?

Nīmen dōu niànguo zhèngzhixué ma?

Nīmen dōu kàn zhèige diànyīng le ma?

Nīmen dōu xing Lī ma?

Expansion Drill

Speaker; Tā you qù le.

(cue) huílai

(He’s gone again.)

You; Tā wèishénme gang huílai you qù le ne?

(Why did he go again when he had just come back?)

you

lāi le.

huíqu

Tā wèishénme le ne?

gāng huíqu you lāi

i'a

you

zǒu le.

huílai

Tā wèishénme le ne?

gāng huílai you zou

Tā

you

huíqu le.

lāi

Tā wèishénme le ne?

gāng lāi you huíqu

Tā

you

huílai le.

qù

Tā wèishénme ne?

gāng qù you huílai le

Tā

you

huílai le.

zǒu

Tā wèishénme le ne?

gāng zǒu you huílai

Tā

you

qù le.

huílai

Tā wèishénme le ne?

gāng huílai yòu qù

13U

¹

Zuò appeared earlier in Zuò diàntī dào èrlou, "Take the elevator to the
second floor."

²

Adjectival verbs are one type of STATE verb. See BIO, Unit 6.

³

For a discussion of the use of shì bu shi before another verb to form a
question, see MON, Unit 5, notes on No. 8.

⁴

This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.

⁵

This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.

⁶

This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.

⁷

An object which follows the verb is nonspecific unless marked as
specific with zhèi or nèi.

⁸

The literal meaning of the verb yòng is "to use."

⁹

The speakers on tape always say zuò Gōnglùjúde chē for what is written
here as zuò Gōnglùjú. Both expressions are acceptable. (See notes on No.
2.)

¹⁰

In DIR, Unit U, you learned kànjian, "to see," literally
"look-perceive."

¹¹

This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.

¹²

This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only.

¹³

Gonglǐ is one of the nouns used without a counter.