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- <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">The Instrumental Case</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch08.html" title="Chapter 8. Lesson 8"><link rel="prev" href="ch08s11.html" title="Ordinal Numbers"><link rel="next" href="ch08s13.html" title="Personal Pronouns"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The Instrumental Case</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s11.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Lesson 8</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s13.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e18576"></a>The Instrumental Case</h2></div></div></div><p>Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the Genitive, Dative and
- Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both with and without a preposition. Recall
- that the Nominative is NEVER used with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS
- used with one.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition "<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">с</em></span></strong></span>" to indicate accompaniment;
- "with" in English:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Я хочу́ хлеб с ма́слом.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">На заку́ску принеси́те грибы́ со
- смета́ной.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мы обе́даем с друзья́ми.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate the means by which
- something is done (English "with" again), or the manner in which the action is
- accomplished:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он ест суп ло́жкой.</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Он говорит гро́мким го́лосом.</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>The Instrumental is used to answer the question <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span> When? with parts of the day and
- seasons of the year:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда́?</em></span></strong></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тро</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">у́тром</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">день</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">днём</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чер</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ве́чером</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ночь </em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́чью </em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весна́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">весно́й</em></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́то</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ле́том</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сень</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о́сенью</em></span></p>
- </td></tr><tr><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зима́</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">зимо́й</em></span></p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></li></ol></div><p>The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular and plural forms of
- nouns and adjectives and compares them to the Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D),
- Accusative (A) and Locative (L).</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col class="c3"><col class="c4"><col class="c5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">0H</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center">
- <p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНА́</em></span></p>
- </td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНО́</em></span></td><td align="center"><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ОНИ́</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>N</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вый студе́нт </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вая студе́нтка </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рая кварти́ра</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вые студе́нты</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рый дом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вую студе́нтку </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рую кварти́ру</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вое сло́во </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рое кре́сло</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рые костю́мы</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>G</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого студе́нта </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого до́ма</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтки</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ры</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вого сло́ва </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рого кре́сла</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вых студе́нтов</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рых костю́мов</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>L</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вом студе́нте </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром до́ме</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вой студе́нтке</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в но́вом сло́ве </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́ром кре́сле</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о но́вых студе́нтах</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">о/в ста́рых костю́мах</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому студе́нту </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому до́му</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нтке </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́ре</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вому сло́ву </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рому кре́слу</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтам</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым костю́мам</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтом</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым до́мом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вой студе́нткой </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рой кварти́рой</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым сло́вом </em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рым кре́слом</em></span>
- </p>
- </td><td>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">но́вым студе́нтами</em></span>
- </p>
- <p>
- <span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">ста́рыми костю́мами</em></span>
- </p>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch08s11.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch08.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch08s13.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Ordinal Numbers </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Personal Pronouns</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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