| 123 |
- <html><head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
- <title>11. The Russian intonation system</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="html.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The RUSSIAN Fast Course"><link rel="up" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. Lesson 3"><link rel="prev" href="ch03s10.html" title="10. In case you were wondering"><link rel="next" href="ch03s12.html" title="12. Useful words and expressions"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">11. The Russian intonation system</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 3. Lesson 3</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d0e10952"></a>11. The Russian intonation system</h2></div></div></div><p>Much in the same way as English does, Russian uses a system of rising and falling intonations within a sentence to indicate that it is: a declarative statement, a question or an exclamation. Examine the following English sentences. Note their punctuation and attempt to read them with the proper intonation:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard.</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard?</strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong>Your son graduated from Harvard!</strong></span></p><p>Now listen as your instructor reads this set of similar sentences in Russian. Note where the "center" of intonation is (always on the word in question or a question word, in a question), and the rise and fall of the voice:</p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила МГУ.</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила МГУ?</em></span></strong></span></p><p><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Ваша дочь окончила МГУ!</em></span></strong></span></p><p>The Russian intonation patterns have been organized into a system which refers to them as "intonation constructions" or "ИК". There are 5 basic patterns:</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-1. </b>for declarative sentences, statements. The tone is even,with a slight falling off at the end. Often this intonation is perceived by speakers of English as "boring", but you should resist the temptation to "jazz it up".</p><p>For example:</p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Моя фамилия Морозов. Меня зовут Николай Петрович. Это моя жена. Её зовут Екатерина Васильевна. Мы москвичи. Мы живём в Москве.</em></span></p></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-2. </b>for questions containing a question word (<span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></strong></span><span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где?</em></span></strong></span> <span class="bold"><strong><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда?</em></span></strong></span>, etc.). The intonation rises on the question word and then drops and levels off for the rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто это? Что это?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как вас зовут?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где вы живёте? Где вы работаете?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Когда вы приехали в Москву?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-3. </b>for questions which do NOT contain a question word. This pattern is used to turn declarative sentences into questions without changing word order. The intonation rises on the word in question and then drops and levels off for the rest of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы говорите по-русски? Вы хорошо говорите по-русски?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском посольстве?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы давно в Москве?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это ваша машина?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У вас есть дети?</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-4. </b>for "incomplete" questions which are usually prefaced with «A..?». In a dialog, these refer back to a question asked previously. The intonation dips slightly at the beginning of the question, then rises sharply and continues to rise to the end of the sentence.</p><p>For example:</p><div class="informalexample"><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Как дела?</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Очень хорошо, спасибо. А у вас? [А как у вас дела?)</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Мой сын учится в университете. А ваш? (Где учится ваш сын?)</em></span></p><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Летом мы поедем на Чёрное море. А вы? (Куда вы поедете летом?)</em></span></p></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><b>ИК-5. </b>for exclamations which may be either sincere or sarcastic, depending on the context. The intonation rises at the beginning of the sentence, levels off, stays high and then drops at the end of the sentence.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="35%"><col width="65%"><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая сегодня погода!</em></span></td><td>(the sun is shining, the sky is blue, the birds are singing...)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая сегодня погода!</em></span></td><td>(it's raining cats and dogs, the wind is howling...)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какой у него голос!</em></span></td><td>(a real Pavarotti!)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какой у него голос!</em></span></td><td>(he couldn't carry a tune in a bushel basket...)</td></tr></table></div></li></ol></div><p>Now close your books and listen carefully as your instructor reads the following sentences aloud. Can you identify which are statements, and which are questions?</p><div class="informalexample"><div class="informaltable"><table border="0" width="100%"><col width="1cm"><col width="394"><tr valign="top"><td align="left">1.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва - столица России.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>2.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Москва столица России?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">3.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском посольстве.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">4.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вы работаете в американском посольстве?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">5.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений Петрович.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">6.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Его зовут Евгений Петрович?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">7.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё двое детей.</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">8.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">У неё двое детей?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td>9.</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А у вас? Как у вас дела?</em></span></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left">10</td><td><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Какая интересная картина!</em></span></td></tr></table></div></div><p>The chart on the next page gives you a visual representation of these intonation constructions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="1" width="100%"><col width="10%"><col width="15%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><col width="25%"><thead align="center"><tr valign="top"><td><span class="bold"><strong>ик</strong></span></td><td colspan="4">TABLE OF INTONATION CONSTRUCTIONS</td></tr></thead><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-1</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь.</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь остановка.</em></span></p></td><td align="left"><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Это пятый автобус.</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK1-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Вот университет.</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-2</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Кто?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Где он живёт?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Почему так?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK2-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Что это?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-3</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Здесь?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Здесь остановка?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">-Это пятый автобус?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK3-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Она поёт?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-4</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-1.png"></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А вы?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А ваш сын?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А пятый автобус?</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK4-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">А университет?</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody><tbody align="center"><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle">ИК-5</td><td valign="middle">-------</td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-2.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Как она танцует!</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-3.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Замечательный голос!</em></span></p></td><td><div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="106"><tr><td><img src="resources/FsiRussianFast-Lessons2-5-IK5-4.png" width="106"></td></tr></table></div><p><span lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Настоящая весна!</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch03s10.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch03.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch03s12.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">10. In case you were wondering </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 12. Useful words and expressions</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
|
