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FSI-Russian


			
				
					
						
						
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          <th colspan="3" align="center">In case you were wondering</th>
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            <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="d5e18419"></a>In case you were
              wondering</h2>
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            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18421"></a>The Imperative</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>The imperative is the form of the verb used when you are asking/telling someone to do
          something. As such, it is often referred to as the command form. In English, we often add
          a "please" to the command form to turn it into a request. In Russian, the presence or
          absence of <span class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                  xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">пожа́луйста</em></span></strong></span> does
          not determine the difference between a command and a request. That function is performed
          by something called aspect (imperfective and perfective verbs). More about this later.</p>
        <p>Here are the most basic rules for forming the imperative:</p>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
            <li class="listitem"><p></p><div class="informaltable">
                <table class="informaltable" border="0">
                  <colgroup>
                    <col class="c1" />
                    <col class="c2" />
                    <col class="newCol3" />
                  </colgroup>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="3" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>Start with the <span
                              xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                                class="foreignphrase">они</em></span>́ form of the verb. Completely
                            remove that ending and add </strong></span><span xml:lang="ru"
                          class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span
                              class="bold"><strong>-и</strong></span></em></span><span class="bold"
                            ><strong> or </strong></span><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                            ><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"
                                ><strong>-ь</strong></span></em></span><span class="bold"><strong>
                            (if what is left ends in a consonant):</strong></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">принесу́т</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">принес-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">принеси́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">пока́жут</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">покаж-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">покажи́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">ска́жут</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">скаж-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">скажи́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">пла́тят</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">плат-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">плати́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">иду́т</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">ид-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">иди́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">поздра́вят</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">поздрав-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">поздра́вьте</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td colspan="3" align="center"><span class="bold"><strong>or add -й (if what
                            is left ends in a vowel):</strong></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">рабо́тают</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">работа-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">работай́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">чита́ют</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td>
                        <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                              class="foreignphrase">чита-</em></span></p>
                      </td>
                      <td><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                            class="foreignphrase">читай́те</em></span></td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </div></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <p>Of course, you will find exceptions to this rule, so your best bet will be to simply
          memorize those imperative forms which you will hear or use most often.</p>
        <p>As Russian makes a distinction between the informal <span class="bold"><strong><span
                xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >ты</em></span></strong></span> and the formal/plural <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>, you will need to make that
          distinction with the imperative forms. The forms shown above are for <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">вы</em></span></strong></span>. To make the <span
            class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">ты</em></span></strong></span> forms, simply drop the ending
          -те:</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >принеси́</em></span></p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >покажи́</em></span></p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >скажи́</em></span></p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >будь</em></span></p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"
                >рабо́тай</em></span>, etc.</p>
        </div>
        <p>A command/request NOT to do something is made by simply adding <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">не</em></span></strong></span> in front of the imperative.
          Negative commands are usually formed using imperfective verbs. The imperatives <span
            class="bold"><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">рабо́тай</em></span></strong></span> and <span class="bold"
                ><strong><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru"
                  class="foreignphrase">чита́й</em></span></strong></span> are examples of
          these.</p>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He
                рабо́тай (-те)</em></span></p>
          <p><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">He
                чита́й (-те)</em></span></p>
        </div>
      </div>
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        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18554"></a><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №24.</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p>Go back through Lessons 1-6 and find imperative forms. Take note of when and how they are
          used; explain what they mean. With your instructor's help try to use them yourself.</p>
      </div>
      <div class="section">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h3 class="title"><a id="d5e18558"></a><span xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase"><em
                    xml:lang="ru" class="foreignphrase">Упражне́ние</em></span> №25.</h3>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="informalexample">
          <p>Translate the following:</p>
          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
              <li class="listitem"><p>Show me, please...</p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p>Tell me, please...</p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p>Please bring (me)...</p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p>Be so kind.</p></li>
              <li class="listitem"><p>Don't work!</p></li>
            </ol>
          </div>
        </div>
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