travail sur modules additionnels

OptionalModule-CAR/FSI-OptionalModule-CAR.xml

@@ -5,18 +5,19 @@
     version="5.1">
     <title>Car</title>
     <subtitle>A Modular Approach</subtitle>
-     <section>
+    <section>
         <title>Objectives of the Car Module</title>
         <section>
             <title>General</title>
             <para>The purpose of the Car Module is to provide you with the linguistic skills you
                 need to use and take care of your car in everyday situations as well as emergencies. </para>
-            <para>Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least completed the
-                Transportation Module.</para>
+            <para><emphasis role="bold">Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least
+                    completed the Transportation Module.</emphasis></para>
         </section>
         <section>
             <title> Specific</title>
-            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:<orderedlist>
+            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to: <orderedlist>
+                    <?dbfo label-width="0.25in"?>
                     <listitem>
                         <para>Buy gasoline using the metric system to indicate quantity and ration
                             coupons if necessary. Understand if the attendant offers you high-test
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@
             <title>Part 1</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
             </section>
             <?custom-pagebreak?>
             <section>

OptionalModule-CAR/FSI-OptionalModule-CAR.xml.bak

@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@
     version="5.1">
     <title>Car</title>
     <subtitle>A Modular Approach</subtitle>
-     <section>
+    <section>
         <title>Objectives of the Car Module</title>
         <section>
             <title>General</title>
             <para>The purpose of the Car Module is to provide you with the linguistic skills you
                 need to use and take care of your car in everyday situations as well as emergencies. </para>
-            <para>Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least completed the
-                Transportation Module.</para>
+            <para><emphasis role="bold">Before starting the Car Module, you should have at least
+                    completed the Transportation Module.</emphasis></para>
         </section>
         <section>
             <title> Specific</title>
-            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:<orderedlist>
+            <para>When you have finished this module, you should be able to:
+                <orderedlist>
+                    <?dbfo label-width="0.25in"?>
                     <listitem>
                         <para>Buy gasoline using the metric system to indicate quantity and ration
                             coupons if necessary. Understand if the attendant offers you high-test
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@
             <title>Part 1</title>
             <section>
                 <title>Reference List</title>
+                <para/>
             </section>
             <?custom-pagebreak?>
             <section>
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@
                                 <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                                 <tbody>
                                     <row>
-                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Niǐyídìng
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yídìng
                                                 děi bǎoyǎng zìjǐ. </foreignphrase></entry>
                                     </row>
                                     <row>

OptionalModule-WLF/FSI-OptionalModule-WLF.xml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
                 <para>Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give
-                    normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell ’“where it hurts”
+                    normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell '“where it hurts”
                     (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary. ) </para>
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
@@ -60,191 +60,5135 @@
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
+
         <section>
-            <title>Reference List</title>
+            <title>References Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān tiānqi hěn
+                            hǎo</foreignphrase>: Notice that the time word <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīntiān</foreignphrase> “today” is placed
+                        before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of
+                        more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in
+                        either case before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qùnián wǒ
+                                                hái bú huì xiě zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Last year I still couldn't write characters.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài
+                                                hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu</foreignphrase>: “climate”
+                        Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >qìhòu</foreignphrase> (with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >hou</foreignphrase> in the neutral tone).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōngtiān hěn
+                            lěng.</foreignphrase>: “it's cold in winter” The adverb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> is not translated here.
+                        Often <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> adds
+                        little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb, and doesn't need
+                        to be translated by “very.” Later, you may notice that sometimes we
+                        translate the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase>
+                        literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation. It is not
+                        a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we
+                        admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >cháng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                chángcháng qù Xiānggǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā cháng
+                                                kàn bàozhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> with <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>; instead, Just use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>. If
+                        you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like “every
+                        few days.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        snow” or more literally ”(there) falls snow.” The subject <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuě</foreignphrase> “snow” normally follows
+                        the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase> “to
+                        descend.” This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception,
+                        in weather expressions. **English is no more logical when it comes to
+                        weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject “it,” as in “it snows.”**<footnote>
+                            <para>English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions:
+                                it uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para>
+                        </footnote><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Òu, xià xuě
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh, it's snowing.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě ma?
+                                                Bu xià.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu méiyou
+                                                xià xue? Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě le
+                                                méiyou? Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān xià
+                                                xuě bu xià xuě?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài bù
+                                                xià xuě le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiān</foreignphrase>: “heaven,
+                        sky, day.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āiya, wǒde
+                                                tiān na!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiān
+                                                zhǐdao!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíng</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        clear, to clear up” In the sentence<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            > Tiān qíng</foreignphrase> le, the marker le tells us that a change has
+                        taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the
+                        sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Juéde</foreignphrase> “to feel”
+                        Here <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase> is used
+                        to mean “to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something.” It can also
+                        mean “to feel” in a physical way, as in “to feel sick.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ Juéde ... zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase> can
+                        be well translated as “How do you like ... ?</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn shǎo</foreignphrase>: “It
+                        seldom snows in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Shànghǎi</foreignphrase> in the winter.” The adjectival verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> “to be
+                        few” is used here as an adverb “seldom,” and as such comes before the verb.
+                        Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn
+                            shǎo</foreignphrase>, “seldom,” and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>, “often,” are used
+                        as opposites.</para>
+                    <para>J<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">īntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn
+                            liángkuai</foreignphrase>: “Today the weather here is very cool.” Again,
+                        it is not necessary to translate <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >hěn</foreignphrase> as “very” in this sentence; the meaning depends on
+                        the speaker's intonation and emphasis.</para>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                        <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                        <para/>
+                    </section>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            feel” This may mean “to feel (physically)” or “to feel (emotionally), to
+                            think.” It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface
+                            a statement of opinion. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                juéde ...</foreignphrase> may sometimes be translated as “l think
+                            that ...”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                  juéde tā kéyi zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I think he can do it.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>And here are some examples using <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase> to mean “feel
+                            (physically )”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                  juéde hěn rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I feel hot.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                  juéde bù shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I don't feel well. (Literally, “I feel not
+                                                well.”)</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ juéde Běijīng
+                                zěnmeyang?</foreignphrase>: “How do you like <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” or “What do you
+                            think of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                >Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” More literally, “You feel <foreignphrase
+                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> is how?”</para>
+                        <para>t<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ài lěng le</foreignphrase>:
+                            “it's been too cold” The marker le is the marker for new situations. It
+                            is often used to reinforce the idea of “excessive.” Another example is
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tài guì
+                                le!</foreignphrase> “it's too expensive!”</para>
+                    </section>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                        <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.</para>
+                        <para/>
+                    </section>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List Part 2</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “(there) blows wind” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Guā</foreignphrase> literally means “to scrape,” but when used in
+                        connection with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fēng</foreignphrase>, “wind,” it means “to blow.” Like other weather
+                        expressions, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià
+                            xuě</foreignphrase> “to snow,” the subject <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase> usually follows the verb
+                        guā. To say “very windy,” you say that the wind is big, either
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēng hěn dà</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guā dà
+                        fēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè</foreignphrase>: “by
+                        March” A time word before the verb may mean “by” a certain time as well as
+                        “at” a certain time.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo
+                            le</foreignphrase>: “By March it is already starting to get warm.” When
+                        the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> indicates that the event
+                        in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker le after the
+                        state verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >nuǎnhuo</foreignphrase>, “to be warm,” tells us that it is being used here
+                        as a process verb “to get warm.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒude shiéhou</foreignphrase>:
+                        “sometimes” This is also said as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >yǒu shíyou</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        rain” Literally, “(there) falls rain.” Now you have seen three weather
+                        expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhēn xiǎng
+                            Jiāzhōu</foreignphrase>: “I really miss California” The verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng</foreignphrase>,
+                        translated here as “to miss,” is the same verb as “to think” (“I really
+                        think of California [with nostalgia]”).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàtiān bú shi hěn
+                            cháoshí</foreignphrase>: “it's not very humid in the summer.” The
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shi</foreignphrase> is not
+                        obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù hěn cháoshí</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifěng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “typhoon” The Chinese word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >táifēng</foreignphrase> was borrowed into the English language as
+                        “typhoon.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ líkāi zhème
+                            jiǔ</foreignphrase>: “it's been so long since you left” You have seen
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>, which
+                        means “to be long in time,” in the phrase <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō jiǔ</foreignphrase>, “how long (a
+                        time)”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase>: “in the
+                        city,” literally “inside the city wall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià</foreignphrase>:
+                        “country” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >xiāngxià</foreignphrase> (with neutral tone <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase>).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn</foreignphrase>:
+                        “vicinity” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fǔjìn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánjìng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “environment, surroundings,” In №24 the phrase <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā fùjìnde huānjìng</foreignphrase> is
+                        literally “the environment of the vicinity of your original home.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā nèige
+                            dìfang</foreignphrase>: “your hometown” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎojiā</foreignphrase> by itself only means
+                        “original home.”To get the meaning “hometown,” you must refer to the place
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige dìfang</foreignphrase>)
+                        where your “original home” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >lǎojiā</foreignphrase>) is. Notice the different phrasing in the
+                        following sentences:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
+                                                nèige dìfang yǒu duōshǎo
+                                            rénkǒu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the population of your hometown?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
+                                                nàr yǒu méiyou shān?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are there mountains where your original home
+                                            is?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā
+                                                zài xiāngxià ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is your original home in the country?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shān</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hū</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>: “mountain,
+                        lake, river” These three words are used with the four points of the compass
+                        to make several province names.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Shāndōng</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>east of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Shānxǐ</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>west of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Héběi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>north of the (Yellow) river</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Hénán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>south of the (Yellow) river</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Húběi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>north of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Húnán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>south of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige xiǎo
+                        chéng</foreignphrase>: “that little town” You've learned that <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase> means “in the city.”
+                        One word for “city” by itself is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >chéng</foreignphrase> [another is <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chěngshì</foreignphrase>]. <informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde
+                                                shi něige Huáshèngdùn? Shi zhōu háishi chéng?
+                                            </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Which Washington are you talking about? The state or
+                                            the city?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ líkāi nàli yǐjīng yǒu wǔnián
+                            le</foreignphrase>: “(Since) I left there it has been five years.” The
+                        marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary
+                        here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present
+                        moment (“so far”). Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the
+                        end of most sentences containing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >yǐjīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhānghuà</foreignphrase>,
+                        “Changsha,” is the name of a city and a county on the west coast of central
+                        Taiwan. T'ienchung (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Tiánzhōng</foreignphrase>) is a village in southeastern Changsha
+                        county.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
             <para/>
         </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
         <section>
-            <title>References Notes</title>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
             <section>
-                <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
-                <para>Jīntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo: Notice that the time word jīntiān “today” is placed
-                    before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more
-                    than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either
-                    case before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Qùnián wǒ hái bú huì xiě zì.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Last year I still couldn’t write characters.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Wǒ xiànzài hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>qìhòu: “climate” Also pronounced qìhòu (with hou in the neutral tone).</para>
-                <para>Dōngtiān hěn lěng.: “it's cold in winter” The adverb hěn is not translated
-                    here. Often hěn adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb,
-                    and doesn’t need to be translated by “very.” Later, you may notice that
-                    sometimes we translate the hěn literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from
-                    the translation. It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of
-                    feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</para>
-                <para>chángcháng: “often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is
-                        cháng.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tā chángcháng qù Xiānggǎng.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tā cháng kàn bàozhǐ.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using hěn with cháng; instead, Just
-                    use cháng or chángcháng. If you must stress that something happens very often,
-                    use a phrase like “every few days.”</para>
-                <para>xià xuě: “to snow” or more literally ”(there) falls snow.” The subject xuě
-                    “snow” normally follows the verb xià “to descend.” This reversal of subject and
-                    verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.<footnote>
-                        <para>English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it
-                            uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para>
-                    </footnote><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Òu, xià xuě le.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Oh, it’s snowing.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xià xuě ma? Bu xià.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Yǒu méiyou xià xue? Méiyou.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xià xuě le méiyou? Méiyou.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià xuě?</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xiànzài bù xià xuě le.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>tiān: “heaven, sky, day.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>: “to put
+                        on, to don” (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, “to
+                        put on,” where English uses a state verb, “to wear.” You have to adjust your
+                        thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say
+                        “She's NOT WEARING her coat,” you actually say “She DIDN'T PUT ON her coat,”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měi chuān
+                            dàyī</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para>Here are some example sentences using <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase> “to put
+                            on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chuānle
+                                                yìshuāng hóng xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm wearing a pair of red shoes. (I've put on a pair
+                                            of red shoes.)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
+                                                chuān xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm not wearing shoes. (I didn't put on shoes.
+                                            )</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ní chuān
+                                                bái xié ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear
+                                            white shoes? (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù chuān
+                                                bái xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won't wear
+                                            white shoes. (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuān</foreignphrase> is not the
+                        only verb meaning to put on in Chinese. There is another verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> which is used for wearing
+                        or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, jewelry, and gloves.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dài</foreignphrase> is taught in
+                        Part II of this unit.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūyào</foreignphrase>: “to need”
+                        This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either
+                        usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >bù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
+                                                qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
+                                                shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need time.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
+                                                ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need her.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
+                                                huàn qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need to change money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xūyào
+                                                zhīdao.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>He needs to know.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiàn</foreignphrase>: This is
+                        the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǒngxi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>), and
+                        suitcases.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàyī</foreignphrase>: “overcoat”
+                        literally “big clothes”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>: “to be old,
+                        to be worn” This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete
+                        or abstract, but never people. [For people, use <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lāo</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lǎo le</foreignphrase>. “She's gotten
+                            old.”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒde
+                                                jiù dìzhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's my old address.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā háishi
+                                                chuān jiù yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She's still wearing old clothes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi (yí)jiān
+                            xīnde</foreignphrase>: The number yí- before a counter may be omitted
+                        when it directly follows a verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>: “to need”
+                        In sentence №4, you see a new usage of <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde </foreignphrase>“you
+                        need to buy a heavier one”). In addition to meaning “to want”,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> has many
+                        uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning “to need” is one of the more common
+                        ones.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        thick” In sentence No. 4 (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...nǐ
+                            yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde...</foreignphrase>), <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase> is translated as
+                        “heavier.” The basic meaning of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >hòu</foreignphrase> is “to be thick.”<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū
+                                                hěn hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This book is very thick.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yèli xiàde
+                                                xuě hěn hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The snow that fell last night is very deep.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Báo</foreignphrase> “to be thin,
+                        to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.),” is often the opposite of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōxié</foreignphrase>:
+                        “slipper,” literally “drag-shoes.” In most households in Taiwan shoes are
+                        not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the
+                        front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the
+                        practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be
+                        difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland China, shoes are worn
+                        into the house.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>: This verb
+                        has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process
+                        verb. As a state verb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >huài</foreignphrase> means “to be bad,” as a process verb, “to go bad,
+                        to break.”</para>
+                    <para>As a state verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān
+                                                tiānqi zhēn huài, jīntiān hǎo
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's
+                                            gotten better.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē! Tāde
+                                                Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài,
+                                            a?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As a process verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhèizhǐ
+                                                bǐ huài le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This pen of mine is broken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèixiē
+                                                júzi huài le, bú yào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>These tangerines have gone bad; we don't want them
+                                            (throw them out).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāoxióng</foreignphrase>) in
+                        southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei.
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Huá</foreignphrase> is
+                        their daughter.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>An American of Chinese descent (M) has gone back to visit relatives in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. Here
+                        he talks with his cousin (F).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <para/>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèiyī</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase>:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèi</foreignphrase> means
+                        “inner.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèikù</foreignphrase>
+                        means “underpants” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >kù</foreignphrase> as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >kùzi</foreignphrase>). <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Nèiyī</foreignphrase> means “underclothes” in general, but when
+                        contrasted with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >nèikù</foreignphrase> takes on the specific meaning “undershirt.” The
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yī</foreignphrase> means
+                        “clothing, garment,” as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >yīfu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>: “jacket,”
+                        a word borrowed from English. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Jiākè</foreignphrase> refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a
+                        suit Jacket would be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >wàitào</foreignphrase> (see note below). Also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiákè</foreignphrase>. In <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, this word has an -r
+                        ending.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nílóng</foreignphrase>: “nylon,”
+                        another borrowing from English.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to put on,
+                        to don” a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which
+                        are not necessary to one's apparel. As with the verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase> which you learned in
+                        Part I, when you use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dài</foreignphrase> you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of
+                        “to wear” to the idea of “put on.” For “Do you wear glasses?” you would say
+                        “Do you put on glasses?”: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nī dài
+                            bu dài yǎnjìng?</foreignphrase> For “She's not wearing glasses” you
+                        would say “She didn't put on glasses”: <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài yǎnjìng.</foreignphrase>
+                            Contrast:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry morerows="2"><foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú dài
+                                                màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry morerows="2"/>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't wear hats.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She won't wear a hat. (HABIT) (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry morerows="4"><foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài
+                                                màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry morerows="4"/>
+                                        <entry>She didn't put on a hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She didn't wear a hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't have a hat on.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect
+                        markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in
+                        progress [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>],
+                        the marker for duration [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >-zhe</foreignphrase>], the marker for lack of change [<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>], etc., can be used to
+                        make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase>: The
+                        counter for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màozi</foreignphrase>,
+                        “hat.” Literally, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >-dǐng</foreignphrase> means “top.”</para>
+                    <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “glasses” (counter: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >-fù</foreignphrase>)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >pò màozi</foreignphrase>, “old/ worn/ tattered hat,” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> stands before a noun to
+                        modify it. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Pò</foreignphrase> is
+                        also frequently used as a process verb, “to break, to become
+                        damaged/torn/worn out.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi
+                            pò le?</foreignphrase> Let me have a look, has your jacket been
+                        torn/worn through?</para>
+                    <para>In Part I you learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >huài</foreignphrase>, “to go bad, to break.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huài</foreignphrase> means that something
+                        becomes unusable or stops working, while <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> means that something
+                        develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù</foreignphrase> in Part I had for one
+                        possible translation “to be worn,” but <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pō</foreignphrase> are quite different:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> le means
+                        to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> le means
+                        that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time,
+                        use, or accident.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence,
+                        never (like English “enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast
+                        English sentences with “enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate,
+                            e.g.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan,
+                                                nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò le?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let me have a look, has your jacket been torn/worn
+                                            through?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence,
+                        never (like English “enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast
+                        English sentences with “enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate,
+                            e.g.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Do you have enough socks?</entry>
+                                        <entry>Are your socks enough?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde wàzi gòu bu
+                                                gòu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't have enough shirts</entry>
+                                        <entry>My shirts aren't enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde chènshān bú
+                                                gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>There aren't enough rice bowls.</entry>
+                                        <entry>The rice bowls aren't enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fànwǎn bú
+                                                gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào</foreignphrase>: This
+                        word has two meanings: </para>
+                    <orderedlist>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>coat, overcoat,” and</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>a “jacket” which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A
+                                jacket cut above the waist is <foreignphrase
+                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>.)</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                    </orderedlist>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>: “oneself;
+                        myself, yourself, himself, etc.” This is a special pronoun. It can be used
+                        by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase>, etc. Here are some
+                        examples. (For the first, you need to know <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>, “kind,” and for the
+                        last, you need to know <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zuò</foreignphrase>, “to make.”)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎi yīfu,
+                                                zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xǐhuande
+                                            nèizhǒng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one
+                                            likes oneself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒ
+                                                zìjīde shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's my own business.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi tā
+                                                zìjī zuòde, bú shi mǎide.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She made this herself, it isn't
+                                            (store-)bought.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píxié</foreignphrase>:
+                        Western-style “leather shoes,” a word commonly used where we would just say
+                        “shoes,” since traditional Chinese shoes (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bùxié</foreignphrase>) are made of
+                        cloth.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuìyī</foreignphrase>:
+                        “pajamas,” literally, “sleep-garment” This word can use two different
+                        counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. </para>
+                    <para>1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tào</foreignphrase>, “set.”
+                        (Although we say “a pair of pajamas” in English, you cannot use the counter
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-shuāng</foreignphrase> in
+                        Chinese. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Shuāng</foreignphrase>
+                        is only for things that match, like shoes.) </para>
+                    <para>2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> -jiàn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase>: “tote
+                        bag, carryall,” literally, “book-sack.” Although still used with the
+                        original meaning of a student's “book-bag,” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> has now come to have a
+                        more general meaning, since book-bags are often used to carry things other
+                        than books. There are other words for “tote bag,” but <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> is so useful that you
+                        should learn it first. 3</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        forget; to forget to; to forget that”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wàng le
+                                                ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You've forgotten, haven't you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
+                                                wàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No, I haven't forgotten.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wo wàng(le)
+                                                qù le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot to go.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàng(le)
+                                                dài màozi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot to put on my hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
+                                                tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot what time he is coming.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
+                                                tā jiào shénme míngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot what his name is.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle
+                                                wǒ jīntiān méi kè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot that I don't have any classes today.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máoyí</foreignphrase>:
+                        “sweater,” literally, “woolen-garment.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà</foreignphrase>, “in that
+                        case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for
+                            example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà, wǒmen
+                                                shénme shíhou qù?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Then, when shall we go?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà nǐ děi qù mǎi xīnde
+                            le</foreignphrase>: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to
+                        go buy a new sweater is a new situation.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiānjīn</foreignphrase>. In the
+                        home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping
+                        plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒde shūbāo ne?</foreignphrase>:
+                        Questions with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>
+                        frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the
+                        sentence may be translated, “Where is my tote bag?”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo Míng</foreignphrase> is their
+                        son.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>: “to make,”
+                        but in the Reference List sentence it is used for “to have made.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò yīfu</foreignphrase> has
+                        two possible meanings: “to make clothes” or “to have clothes made.” The
+                        context will usually make clear which is meant.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiwān
+                                                zuò yīfu bù piányi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Having clothes made isn't cheap in Taiwan any
+                                            more.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para/>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmeyàng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “what kind, like what”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde dìtǎn
+                                                shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is your carpet like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Láide rén
+                                                shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What did the person who came look like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yàode
+                                                dìtān shi shénmeyàngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind of carpet is it that you want?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
+                                                péngyou shi shénmeyàngde
+                                            rén?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind of person is your friend?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase>: A
+                        close-fitting woman's dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now
+                        called in English a “cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers
+                        to the Manchurian nationality; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >páo</foreignphrase> means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase> comes
+                        from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn
+                        by Manchurian women.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàozi</foreignphrase>: “cloth,
+                        fabric, material”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuō...</foreignphrase> :
+                        Literally, “You say...,” but often used as in this question to mean, “In
+                        your opinion” or “Do you think...”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>: “kind,
+                            sort”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde lǚxíng
+                                                zhípiào shi nǎ yizhǒngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind are your traveler's checks?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
+                                                nèizhǒng dìfang zuò shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What did you go to that kind of place to do?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng
+                                                júzi hěn guì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This kind of tangerine is very expensive.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>: <orderedlist>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“appearance,” </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“shape, form,” </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“style, design.”</para>
+                            </listitem>
+                        </orderedlist><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde yàngzi
+                                                hěn hāo kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Her appearance is very attractive.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kàn tā nèi
+                                                yàngzi!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Look at his appearance! (i.e., “Get a load of
+                                            him.”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde
+                                                nèige dōngxi shi shénme
+                                            yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What does the thing you are talking about look
+                                            like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde
+                                                qípāode yàngzi hěn bú cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde xīn
+                                                yīfu shi shénme yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the style of your new dress?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnshang</foreignphrase>: “on
+                        one's body, on one's person”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā
+                                                shēnshang yǒu yíjiàn lán
+                                            dàyī.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has a blue overcoat on.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                shēnshang méiyou qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't have any money on me.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde qián
+                                                xiànzài dōu zài tā
+                                            shēnshang.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has all my money with him right now.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě bu kéyi</foreignphrase>:
+                        another way to say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bu
+                            kéyi</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào</foreignphrase>: “according
+                            to”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào
+                                                zhèige niàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Just read it the way it is here (according to
+                                            this).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào
+                                                zhèige páijià huàn ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Just exchange it according to this exchange
+                                            rate.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jiù zhào
+                                                nǐde yìsi xiě, hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll just write it the way you want it written, all
+                                            right?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            measure”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi wǒ
+                                                liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu
+                                                gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's
+                                            enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcùn</foreignphrase>:
+                        “measurements,” literally, “feet-inches.” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcun</foreignphrase> (with <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cun</foreignphrase> in the neutral
+                        tone).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mián'ǎo</foreignphrase>:
+                        “Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>: “to fit;
+                        to be suitable, to be appropriate”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn
+                                                yīfu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù
+                                            xiǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This garment fits well, it's neither too large nor
+                                            too small.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chuān
+                                                zhèige yánsè bú tài héshì, huàn (yi)jiàn biéde
+                                                ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That color doesn't look right on you, try a different
+                                            one.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijǐng</foreignphrase>. A man
+                        (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (B) is the
+                        tailor.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shì</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        occupied, to have something to do,” literally, “to have
+                            business.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiànzài
+                                                yǒu shì ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are you busy now?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi
+                                                shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No, I'm not busy.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to cut
+                        (with a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several different words for
+                        English “to cut” depending on the method of cutting. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎn</foreignphrase> only refers to cutting
+                        with a scissors or clipper.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase>: “don't”
+                        In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bié</foreignphrase> for “don't” in negative
+                        commands. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào</foreignphrase>
+                        means the same thing.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngbiān</foreignphrase>: “two
+                        sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just “the sides” and to
+                        add “two” or “both” seems superfluous, but <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎng</foreignphrase> is necessary in
+                        Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as
+                        does the s in English, “the sides.”</para>
+                    <para>Gòu duǎn le: “it's short enough now” There are two things to notice in
+                        this short sentence: (1) In English we say “short enough,” but in Chinese
+                        you say literally “enough short”; in other words, gòu is used as an adverb
+                        to modify the adjectival verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >duǎn</foreignphrase>. (2) le here indicates a new state of affairs:
+                        before, the hair wasn't short enough, but now it is. Thus le can be rendered
+                        into English by the word “now.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>: “to wash
+                        the hair” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóu</foreignphrase> is
+                        literally “head,” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most
+                        Chinese barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and
+                        you would not have to specify that you want one. (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> is translated as “to
+                        shampoo.” Liquid shampoo is called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >xǐfàjīng</foreignphrase>, “wash-hair-essence.”)</para>
+                    <para>Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ
+                            tóu</foreignphrase> has been translated idiomatically as “I want a
+                        shampoo,” although literally <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ
+                            tóu</foreignphrase> is a verb-object “to wash the head.” Many Chinese
+                        phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the
+                        action. You might have been tempted to translate <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> as “I want to
+                        wash the hair,” but in this context the sentence actually means “I want to
+                        have (my) hair washed,” that is, by someone else (the barber). The context
+                        should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ
+                                                yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I am going to wash clothes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ
+                                                yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I am going to have clothes washed.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the
+                        situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>: Literally,
+                        “oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of
+                        liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The
+                        specific word for “hair oil” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fàyóu</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >tóuyóu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu
+                        tóufa...</foreignphrase>: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves
+                        bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and
+                        say this sentence.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfu</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        comfortable; to feel good”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige yǐzi
+                                                zhēn shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This chair is really comfortable.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige xiǎo
+                                                fēng hǎo shūfu a!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This breeze (“little wind”) feels so good.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù shūfu</foreignphrase> can
+                        either mean “to be uncomfortable” or “not to be well, that is, to feel
+                            ill.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wáng
+                                                Xiáojie wèishénme jīntiān méi
+                                            lái?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>Why didn't Miss <foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase> come
+                                            today?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>B:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā jintiān
+                                                bù shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't feel well today.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase>: An
+                        extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: “to
+                        do/manage/handle/make.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Nòng</foreignphrase> often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also
+                        pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lòng</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >nèng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
+                                                fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go get the meal ready.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
+                                                nèige.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go take care of that.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zìjǐ
+                                                nòng ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let me do it myself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié nòng
+                                                nèixie shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't mess around with that sort of thing.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā nòngle
+                                                hěn duō qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He came up with a lot of money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But in the Reference List sentence, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase> is used in an even more
+                        common way, meaning “to make (someone/something a certain way)” or “to get
+                        (someone/ something into a certain condition).” Other examples:</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònggānjing</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        make/get something clean”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònghuài</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        break, to put out of order, to ruin”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòngpò</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        tear, to break”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        shave”, literally, “to scrape the beard.” The verb object phrase
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>, like
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> in
+                        Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways
+                        depending on the context: either “to shave (someone)” or “to have someone
+                        shave oneself.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wǒ guā húzi</foreignphrase>:
+                        “shave me” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gěi</foreignphrase> is
+                        the prepositional verb meaning “for.” When you have a verb-object phrase
+                        like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase> you
+                        indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>
+                            phrase.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni gěi
+                                                wǒ xǐ tóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a
+                                            shampoo).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        pound (someone's) back” as in massage. Barbers in China often provide this
+                        service after the haircut. Here once again, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase> is a verb-object
+                        phrase with the same ambiguity as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >guā húzi</foreignphrase>: it may mean “to pound someone's back” or “to
+                        have one's back pounded.” Again, the context determines the interpretation.
+                        When the barber asks you <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yào
+                            chuí bèi ma?</foreignphrase>, you can safely assume that he is offering
+                        to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ànmó</foreignphrase>: This is
+                        the noun “massage.” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in
+                        Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a few in the TRC have added massage to their list of
+                        services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic
+                        massage.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā píxíe</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        shine shoes/to have one's shoes shined” (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā</foreignphrase> is literally, “to wipe, to
+                        rub.”) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer
+                        of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no
+                        noun corresponding to English “a shoeshine.” The translation of the
+                        Reference List sentence using “a shoeshine” is idiomatic. Literally the
+                        sentence means, “is there someone who shines shoes here?” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā píxiéde</foreignphrase> is a noun phrase
+                        meaning “someone who shines shoes, a shoe shiner.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú húzi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        grow a beard,” literally <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >liú</foreignphrase>, “to leave, to let be,” and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húzi</foreignphrase> “beard,
+                        mustache.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue on Part 1</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a
+                        barber's chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liǎngbiān me...:</foreignphrase>
+                        me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here
+                        by the words “as for.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A barbershop in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Běijīng</foreignphrase>. An American goes into a medium-sized
+                        barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is
+                        called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's
+                        chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and
+                        he are already acquainted.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi shíjiān na</foreignphrase>:
+                        Na is a contraction of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >ne</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >a</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>: “not
+                        bad, pretty good” (MTG 2)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào nèibianr
+                        zuò</foreignphrase>: The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >qù</foreignphrase> is omitted from this phrase.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <para/>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        do hair” or “to have one's hair done” (See the Reference Notes for part I on
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā
+                        píxié</foreignphrase>.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùyuē</foreignphrase>: “to make
+                        an appointment” literally “beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is
+                        relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the meanings “a
+                        preliminary agreement” or “to pre-order a book which has not be published.”
+                        In Taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiān yuē yige
+                            shíjiān</foreignphrase>, “to arrange a time forehand.” Appointments are
+                        not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the
+                        PRC or Taiwan.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèntí</foreignphrase>: “problem
+                        or “question.”<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> méi (yǒu)
+                            wèntí</foreignphrase> is just like the English “no problem.” In addition
+                        to its literal meaning of “There is no problem,” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi wèntí</foreignphrase> can also “be used
+                        to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bu kéyi
+                                                qǐng ni gěi wo wèn zhèijiàn
+                                            shì?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Could you please ask about this matter for
+                                            me?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi
+                                                wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No problem.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>: A Chinese
+                        unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an
+                        inch. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēn</foreignphrase>
+                        originally meant “one tenth.” You have also seen it meaning “one cent” (1/10
+                        of a dime, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máo</foreignphrase>).
+                        As a unit of length, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fēn</foreignphrase> is one tenth of a Chinese inch (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase>). We have drawn a ruler
+                        marking off <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase>
+                        (“inches”) and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>
+                        so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.<inlinemediaobject>
+                            <imageobject>
+                                <imagedata fileref="../images/mesures.png" width="14cm"/>
+                            </imageobject>
+                        </inlinemediaobject></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu diǎn</foreignphrase>: Used
+                        before a state verb, you (yì)diǎn means “a little, slightly,” as
+                            in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn
+                                                rè</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>a little hot</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn
+                                                nán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>a little difficult</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu
+                            yìdiǎn</foreignphrase> deserves your special attention, since English
+                        speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn nán</foreignphrase> (which is
+                        incorrect) for “a little difficult” instead of the correct
+                            form<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> yǒu yìdiǎn
+                            nán</foreignphrase>. Remember to put in that <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu</foreignphrase>!</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìyishi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        try, to give it a try” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Shì</foreignphrase> is “to try” in the sense of “to experiment.” It
+                        does not mean “try” in the sense of “to make an effort” to do
+                        something.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “certainly, surely, for sure, definitive(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means
+                        “I think it will surely be good-looking,” which can be translated more
+                        smoothly as “I'm sure it will look good.” The phrase “I'm sure ...” will
+                        often translate into Chinese as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                            xiǎng ... yídìng ...</foreignphrase> , for example:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng nǐ
+                                                yídìng xǐhuan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sure you'll like it.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng tā
+                                                yídìng lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sure he'll come.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        get a permanent” The use of the verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase> for “to get a permanent”
+                        has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in
+                        the language rather than borrow from other languages. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tàng</foreignphrase> originally meant (and
+                        still does) “to scald” or “to apply heat to” something. For example,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng yīfu
+                        </foreignphrase>means “to iron clothes.” The earliest methods for giving a
+                        permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> (as in other parts of
+                        the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of
+                        permanent called <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàn
+                            tàng</foreignphrase>, “electric permanent.” After the introduction of
+                        chemical permanents, the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >tàng</foreignphrase> continued to be used, even though no heat is
+                        applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěng tàng</foreignphrase>, “cold
+                        permanent.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn</foreignphrase>: “to curl,
+                        to roll up” You will find this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the
+                        area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling
+                        ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. [Curly hair is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎnfà</foreignphrase>,
+                        straight hair is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zhífà</foreignphrase>.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuǐgān</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        blow-dry” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuǐ</foreignphrase> is
+                        “to blow, to puff” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gān</foreignphrase> is the adjectival verb “to be dry.” These two verbs
+                        used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the
+                        result: “to blow until dry” or “to blow with the result that (something)
+                        becomes dry.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuīgān</foreignphrase> and the
+                        English word “blow-dry,” look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are
+                        not. In English you can leave off the word “blow” and just say “to dry
+                        someone's hair,” whereas in Chinese you cannot use <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān</foreignphrase> to mean the action of
+                        drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use
+                        another verb with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gān</foreignphrase> in order to tell the action which caused the
+                        drying. For example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >cāgān</foreignphrase> means “to wipe (something) dry.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                <para>A Canadian woman (C) walks into the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >Běijīng</foreignphrase> Hotel hairdresser's. First she talks with the
+                    cashier in front (A). Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.</para>
+                <para/>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                <para>Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on giving
+                    the woman her change.</para>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                <para>Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the
+                    hairdresser.</para>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn hǎo kànde</foreignphrase>: The
+                    -de here means “hat's how it is.” This usage is typical of southern
+                    dialects.</para>
+                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎndiǎn</foreignphrase>: “a very
+                    little bit”, less than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “eyeglasses” Don't mix this up with <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>, “eye.” In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> speech
+                        these words are pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >yǎnjìngr</foreignphrase> (“eyeglasses”) and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjing</foreignphrase> (“eye”), keeping them
+                        even more distinct from each other.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiàoběn</foreignphrase>:
+                        “checkbook” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Zhípiào</foreignphrase> is a “check,” literally “pay-ticket.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běn(r)</foreignphrase> is a
+                        booklet.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to bring”
+                        This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>, “to wear, to put on
+                        (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).” They are different
+                        words, however, written With different characters ( 带 for “to bring” and 戴
+                        for “to wear”). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is
+                        idiomatic; we would say “I have ... with me” or “I have ... on me” when
+                        Chinese says literally, “I have brought... .”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase>:
+                        “notebook,” literally “small book.” In Reference List sentence No. 2,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase> is
+                        translated specifically as “address book.” Actually the word is more neutral
+                        in meaning (“notebook, booklet”), but picks up the specific translation from
+                        the context.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngzi</foreignphrase>: “box,
+                        trunk, case” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Xiāngzi</foreignphrase> corresponds to the English “suitcase,” while
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíngli</foreignphrase> is the
+                        equivalent of “luggage.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbàodān</foreignphrase>:
+                        “declaration form” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Shēnbào</foreignphrase> is the verb “to report to a higher body, to
+                        declare something at customs.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Dān</foreignphrase> is the noun meaning “bill, list, note.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě zai
+                            shēnbàodānshang</foreignphrase>: “write it on the declaration form.”
+                        Notice that the place phrase (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài
+                            ... shang</foreignphrase>) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in
+                        its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of
+                        the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after
+                        the verb (a position where other “results” also show up). Compare these two
+                        sentences: <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài
+                                                zhuōzishang xiě zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Write (with paper) on the desk.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào xiě
+                                                zai zhuōzishang!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't write on the desk! (Said to a child making
+                                            marks on the table.)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase>: “women,
+                        womankind” This the term for “women” in the general sense. The term
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚrén</foreignphrase> is less
+                        polite and more biological: “female.” (in Taiwan, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase> refers only to married
+                        women. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚde</foreignphrase> may be
+                        used for “women, woman. ”)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhīdao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnǚ
+                            bú dài shǒushi, suóyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lái</foreignphrase>: The
+                        first verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
+                        means “to wear,” and the second verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> is “to bring with
+                        one.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo
+                            kànkan</foreignphrase>: “open the suitcase for me to take a look” or
+                        “open the suitcase and let me take a look.” You have learned <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> as a main verb “to give”
+                        and as a prepositional verb meaning “for” (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni gěi wo huànhuan</foreignphrase>,
+                        “Please change it for me”). In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> used in a
+                        longer type of sentence. Compare the following examples:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi
+                                                dǎkai gěi wǒ kànkan</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>open the suitcase for me to take a look</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn gěi
+                                                wǒmen tīngting</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>read it aloud for us to listen</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng
+                                                màozi gěi tā dài</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng
+                                                màozi gěi tā dài</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>buy that hat to give it to me</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò nèige
+                                                diǎnxīn gěi háizi chī</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>make that pastry for the child to eat</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>When <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> comes
+                        after the verb, it can mean either “to give” or “for, let.” For example,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ nèiběn shǔ náchulai gěi wo
+                            kànkan</foreignphrase> could mean either “Take out the book and
+                        (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR “Take out the book for me to see
+                        (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context will help you
+                        decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.</para>
+                    <para>CAUTION: Although <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gěi</foreignphrase> is sometimes idiomatically translated as “to let,”
+                        you should not take this to mean that English “to let” may always be
+                        translated into Chinese with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gěi</foreignphrase>. There is a very limited correspondence between
+                        “let” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>.
+                        Usually you will translate “to let” as <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>, which is introduced in
+                        Unit 6, Part III, of this module.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi shì le</foreignphrase>:
+                        “Everything is all right now” OR “There's no further business.” Here, this
+                        means “Now that I've looked over your suitcase I find that there isn't
+                        anything further we need to take up.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbeihǎo le</foreignphrase>:
+                        “prepared” You have already learned the word <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔnbèi</foreignphrase>, “to prepare, to get
+                        ready” or “to plan to.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Yùbei</foreignphrase> is a close synonym. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yùbeihǎo</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùnbèihǎo</foreignphrase> both mean “to get
+                        all ready.” The ending <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >-hǎo</foreignphrase> on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a
+                        satisfactory conclusion.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is going through customs in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guǎngzhōu</foreignphrase> (Canton).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for part 1</title>
+                    <para>A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave
+                        on a trip.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        take photographs” (WLF 6)</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>:
+                        “apartment building,” literally “public residence” In the PRC, the word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase> is
+                        seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical
+                        contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. “Apartment building” may be
+                        translated as either <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gōngyù</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gōngyùlōu</foreignphrase>. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Gōngyù</foreignphrase> is sometimes used for an
+                            “apartment.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmende
+                                                gōngyù yǒu jǐjiān fángjiān?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>How many rooms does your apartment have?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But you would use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dānyuán</foreignphrase>, “unit,” not <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>, for “apartment”
+                        in:</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige gōngyùlóu yǒu duōshao
+                            dānyuán?</foreignphrase> How many apartments are there in this apartment
+                        building?</para>
+                    <para>Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his
+                        “apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. In
+                        other words, any type of residence—house or apartment—can be called a
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. Use
+                        the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>
+                        when you need to distinguish clearly between “apartment” and “house.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiǎn</foreignphrase>: This is
+                        the counter for rooms. Don't confuse it with the falling tone
+                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàn</foreignphrase>, the
+                        counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: This is the
+                        verb you learned meaning “to bring (along), to take (along).” Here it is
+                        used with the extended meaning of “to take” or “lead” someone to a
+                            place.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dài ni
+                                                qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll take you there.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwu qǐng
+                                                ni dài háizi dào gōngyuán qu
+                                            wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>In the afternoon, please take the children to the
+                                            park to play.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zūchuqu</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        rent out” The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zū</foreignphrase> by itself means “to rent” in the opposite direction,
+                        that is, to rent something from the owner. Contrast:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ
+                                                fángzi zūchuqu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I rented out the house.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zūle
+                                                yige fángzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I rented a house (to live in).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>: “living
+                        room,” literally, “guest-hall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào kètīng zuò
+                            yíxià</foreignphrase>: “go to the living room and sit a while” This is
+                        roughly the equivalent of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào
+                            kètīng qù zuò yíxià</foreignphrase>. The verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase> is sometimes omitted after
+                        a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> phrase when
+                        the meaning of “go” does not need to be emphasized.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē chá</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        drink tea” This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is
+                        not simply the taking of a beverage, either. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē chá</foreignphrase>, in a social setting
+                        means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea
+                        in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do
+                        justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two
+                        tips:</para>
+                    <orderedlist>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>Except with close friends, don't turn down a cup of tea when
+                                offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of
+                                communication as it is a beverage.</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant
+                                ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a
+                                double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk
+                                on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure
+                                tea.</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                    </orderedlist>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        seem, it seems as if” Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb
+                            phrase.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng
+                                                bù dong.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He seemed not to understand. OR He didn't seem to
+                                            understand.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
+                                                bú tài xǐhuan zhèige fāngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You don't seem to like this house too much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
+                                                zài xiǎng shénme shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You seem to be thinking about something.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gēge
+                                                hǎoxiàng chángcháng shēng
+                                            bìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>His older brother seems to get sick very
+                                            often.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is
+                        sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so,
+                        but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is best translated
+                        as “it seems to me that ...”or “I think ...” or “I seem to remember ... .”
+                        Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hǎoxiàng
+                                                zài nǎr kànjianguo zhèige
+                                            zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It seems to me I've seen this character somewhere
+                                            before.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng
+                                                gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn
+                                            shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I seem to remember your telling me about this
+                                            before.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nèige
+                                                shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù zài
+                                                Jiāzhōu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>At that time, he was still living in California, I
+                                            think.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo
+                                                hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu
+                                            dui?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It seems to me you don't have this in America, do
+                                            you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “to. clean,” literally “to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the
+                        PRC. The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase>,
+                        “to do,” originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese,
+                        is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. In Taiwan,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase> does not
+                        have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been
+                        created since 1949 using this verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module, you
+                        learned the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >máfan</foreignphrase> for “to bother, to inconvenience (someone),” as
+                        in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Máfan nǐ le</foreignphrase>,
+                        “Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase> as an adjectival
+                            verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà tài
+                                                máfan le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's too much trouble.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhēn
+                                                máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What a bother.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “usually, generally, ordinarily” Like other two-syllable time words,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase> may
+                        come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Píngcháng wǒmen dōu zài kètīng
+                            kàn diànshì.</foreignphrase> We usually watch television in the living
+                            room.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen
+                                                píngcháng dōu zài kètíng kàn
+                                                diànshì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>We usually watch television in the living
+                                            room.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                                                píngcháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái xià
+                                            ban.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't usually get off work until nine
+                                            o'clock.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        straighten up, to tidy up (a place)” or “to put away, to put in order, to
+                        clear away (things).” Use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >shōushi</foreignphrase> when you're talking about neatening up a place,
+                        use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>
+                        when you're talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo qingjié
+                        </foreignphrase>“to (soap and water) clean” in Taiwan].<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng
+                                                yǒu bànnián méi shōushi wūzi
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half
+                                            a year.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kuài
+                                                yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, wǒmen yào zǒu
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Pack your things quickly, we want to leave.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>: Both
+                        of these words means “room, chamber.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wūzi</foreignphrase> is seldom used in
+                        Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase> rather than
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>: “dining
+                        room,” literally “meal-hall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        eat,” literally “eat food.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Fàn</foreignphrase> is literally, “cooked rice,” but in the expression
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase> it
+                        refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus
+                        general object, like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn
+                            shū</foreignphrase>, “to study” or <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuō huà</foreignphrase> “to speak.” (See
+                        BIO, Unit 7.) This verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >chī</foreignphrase> may, of course, be followed by a specific object
+                        such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngguǒ</foreignphrase>,
+                        “apples,” as in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chīle
+                                                yíge píngguǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I ate an apple.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But if you mean “eat” in the sense of “to eat food” or “to have a meal,”
+                        then you should use the general object <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chī fàn
+                                                le méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuì ài
+                                                chī fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He loves to eat most of all.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò fàn</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        cook,” literally “to make food.” This is another verb general object
+                        combination. As with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī
+                            fàn</foreignphrase>, the verb alone may be used with more specific
+                        objects.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “kitchen,” literally “kitchen-room.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “bathroom” This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with
+                        a toilet. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐzǎo</foreignphrase>,
+                        which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means “to take a bath.”
+                        Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>,
+                        “toilet;” or use the polite Westernized term, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐshǒujiān</foreignphrase>, “washroom.” In
+                        rural areas, you would ask where the <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase> is.</para>
+                    <para>In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the
+                        same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the
+                        1950's may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings
+                        built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment,
+                        and no bathtub.</para>
+                    <para>You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many
+                        people even consider it polite to put one's hand in front of the mouth when
+                        asking <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cèsuǒ zài
+                            náli?</foreignphrase> Another polite way to ask is <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ keyi yòng yixià nǐmende cèsuǒ ma?
+                        </foreignphrase>“May I use your toilet?”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “study,” literally “book-room.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “bedroom,” literally “sleeping-room.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wòfáng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase> are both used for
+                        “bedroom.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American
+                        couple in Taipei.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note after the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào
+                            Táizhōng qu le:</foreignphrase> “My husband has gone to T'aichung on
+                        business.” More literally, “My husband had some business and went to
+                        T'aichung.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái kéyi</foreignphrase>:
+                        Literally “still okay,” this phrase actually means “isn't too bad.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐng</foreignphrase>: “to wake
+                        up” This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or
+                        unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: “to become awake, to become
+                        conscious, to become sober.” In completed affirmative sentences, you will
+                        see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase> (not <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù</foreignphrase> — this is not a state
+                        verb. Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìng</foreignphrase> “to get sick,” not “to
+                        be sick”), you also face here. When you are thinking in English of “He IS
+                        NOT awake,” you should think “He HAS NOT awakened” in Chinese.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐngle
+                                                méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hái méi
+                                                xǐng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He is not awake yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>: “to ask,
+                        to order, to tell (someone to do something)” This is a prepositional verb,
+                        which means that it and its object precede the verb.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùqin jiào
+                                                hàizimen huílai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The father told the children to come back.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiào ta
+                                                guòlai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Ask him to come over.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì jiào</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        sleep, to go to bed”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bādiǎn
+                                                zhōng jiù shuì jiào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He went to bed at eight o'clock (already).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jǐdiǎn
+                                                zhōng shuì jiào?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What time do you go to bed?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měitiān
+                                                shuì bāge zhōngtóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He sleeps eight hours a night.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuìde
+                                                hǎo bu hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you sleep well?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ
+                                                shuìhǎole ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you sleep well? OR Have you finished
+                                            sleeping?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yá</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        brush teeth” Besides brushing teeth, you can <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yǐfu</foreignphrase>, “brush clothes,”
+                        and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā xié</foreignphrase>,
+                        “brush (off) shoes.” Do not use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >shuā</foreignphrase> for use for brushing hair, however [see
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shū tóu</foreignphrase> “to
+                        comb or brush one's hair”, WLF, Unit 3)]. [The noun for a “brush” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >shuāzi</foreignphrase>.J</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúnǎi</foreignphrase>:
+                        Literally, “cow-milk,” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎi</foreignphrase> by itself
+                        does not specify the kind of milk.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bào</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        embrace, to hug” people, or “to hold in one's arms” a child, package,
+                            etc.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lái, baba
+                                                gěi ni bàobao.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Come, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is
+                                            handed from mother to father)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āyí</foreignphrase>: “auntie”
+                        This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not
+                        blood relatives.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        take an afternoon nap,” literally, “sleep noon-nap.” The <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǔjiào</foreignphrase>, a nap after lunch, is
+                        very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time
+                        off every day for this purpose.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase>: “to heat,
+                        to cook” (Another meaning is “to burn.”) Since the verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> by itself means to put
+                        heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you want to indicate
+                        “boiling” or “heated up.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù shāo
+                                                diǎnr shuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go put some water on (the stove).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rè shuǐ shāohǎo
+                            le</foreignphrase>. The hot water has been heated up.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shuǐ yǐjīng
+                                                shāokāi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The water is already boiling.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎlù</foreignphrase>: “paved
+                        road.” This is the word usually used for paved city streets. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎlù</foreignphrase> is literally
+                        “horse-road,” that is, a road on which horses and people can go. A theory
+                        has also been advanced that the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >mǎ</foreignphrase> is a transliteration of the first syllable of
+                        “macadam” (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or
+                        asphalt base).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        careful,” literally “small-heart.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">É, xiǎoxīn
+                                                diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Hey, be a little more careful!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūshu</foreignphrase>: “uncle”
+                        This is a term of affection used by children for older male friends of the
+                        family.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huìmǐn</foreignphrase>) and father
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>) are
+                        at home:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para>“<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíng</foreignphrase>” is the
+                        wife's affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">è</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        hungry”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt,
+                        to ache” When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment
+                        pattern. For example “I have a headache,” in Chinese is literally ”As for
+                        me, the head hurts”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >Wǒ</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >tǒu</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                >téng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>As for me,</entry>
+                                        <entry>head</entry>
+                                        <entry>hurts.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        catch a cold; a cold” This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To
+                        say “to have a bad cold,” use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >gǎnmào hěn lìhai</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìhai</foreignphrase> meaning
+                            “severe.”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gǎnmào
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've caught a cold.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde gǎnmào
+                                                hǎo yidiǎn le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is your cold a little better now?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāshāo</foreignphrase>: “to have
+                        a fever,” literally, “develop-fever” This may be used as a state or a
+                        process: <variablelist>
+                            <varlistentry>
+                                <term>STATE</term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                    <para>
+                                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <tbody>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I have a fever.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ bù fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I don't have a fever.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ yǒu diǎn fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I'm a little feverish.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                </tbody>
+                                            </tgroup>
+                                        </informaltable>
+                                    </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                            </varlistentry>
+                            <varlistentry>
+                                <term>PROCESS</term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                    <para>
+                                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <tbody>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ fāshāo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I have a fever (more literally, “I have
+                                                  developed a fever”).</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ méi fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I don't have a fever (more literally “I
+                                                  haven't developed a fever”).</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ fāshāo yǐhòu jiu bù xiǎng chī dōngxi
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>After the fever came on, I didn't feel like
+                                                  eating anything.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                </tbody>
+                                            </tgroup>
+                                        </informaltable>
+                                    </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                            </varlistentry>
+                        </variablelist>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī diǎn zhèige
+                            yào</foreignphrase>: “take some of this medicine,” literally, “eat
+                        medicine,” is the way to say, “to take medicine.” Of course, for liquid
+                        medicines you could also say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >hē</foreignphrase>, “to drink,” but one still usually says
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn dàifu</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        see a doctor” Also <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn
+                            yīshēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                         <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                             <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                             <tbody>
                                 <row>
-                                    <entry>Āiya, wǒde tiān na!</entry>
+                                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi qù kàn
+                                            dàifu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                 </row>
                                 <row>
                                     <entry/>
                                 </row>
                                 <row>
-                                    <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tiān zhǐdao!</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
+                                    <entry>I have to go see a doctor.</entry>
                                 </row>
                             </tbody>
                         </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>qíng: “to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qíng le, the marker le
-                    tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky
-                    is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared
-                    up.</para>
-                <para/>
+                    </informaltable>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn shénme?</foreignphrase>:
+                        In another context, this could mean “What are you looking at?” Here,
+                        however, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn</foreignphrase> is
+                        used in the sense of “to have (a medical complaint) treated” or “diagnosed”
+                        by a doctor.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù kàn
+                                                gǎnmào le ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you go have that cold of yours treated?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
+                                                hóulong bú tài shūfu, děi qù
+                                            kànkan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My throat doesn't feel too well; I'll have to go get
+                                            it treated.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige bìng
+                                                děi dào dà yīyuàn qù kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>For this illness you have to go to a large hospital
+                                            to get it treated.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">késou</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        cough”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē</foreignphrase>: (1)
+                        “department of internal medicine” (of a hospital), or (2) “internal
+                        medicine” (as a field). <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Nèi</foreignphrase> means “internal” and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kē</foreignphrase> means either (1)
+                        “department, section” or (2) “branch (of a study).”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “doctor,” literally, “heal-er.” In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Bēijǐng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dàifu</foreignphrase> is the more conversational word and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase> the
+                        more formal. In Taiwan, however, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dàifu</foreignphrase> is not used much.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē yishēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “physician”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē</foreignphrase>: (1)
+                        “department of surgery” (of a hospital), or (2) “surgery,” (the branch of
+                        medicine).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “surgeon”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt,
+                        to ache,” another pronunciation for <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsipilín</foreignphrase>:
+                        “aspirin” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >āsipilín</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >àsipilíng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >àsipǐlíng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialog for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A man from <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Shànghài</foreignphrase> (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in
+                        Beijing.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialog for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a
+                        parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter's illness:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes after the Dialog</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let,
+                        to allow, to have (someone do something)” This is a prepositional verb which
+                        you will see more of in Unit 6.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...duō xiūxi
+                            xiuxi</foreignphrase>: “rest a lot” The adjectival verb “to be many, to
+                        be much, to be a lot” is used here as an adverb modifying the verb “to
+                        rest”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiūxi</foreignphrase>. As
+                        an adverb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> may
+                        mean “a lot,” “more,” or “too much,” depending on the context. In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō xiūxi
+                            xiuxi</foreignphrase> it obviously means “a lot” or
+                            “more.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐhòu, wǒ
+                                                yào duō xiàng nín xuéxí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>From now on, I shall learn from you more.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō shuō yě
+                                                bù hǎo, shǎo shuō yě bù hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It isn't good to say too much, nor is it good to say
+                                            too little.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi
+                            shì bu shi yào duō gěi qián?</foreignphrase> If you want to have your
+                        back pounded after a haircut, do you have to pay extra?</para>
+                    <para>Some students get into the bad habit of always translating <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> as “more.” Remember that
+                        the adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> can
+                        also mean either “a lot” or “too much.” Thus, if someone invites you to
+                        dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō chī yidiǎnr!
+                        </foreignphrase>Since you haven't yet touched the food this sentence cannot
+                        mean, “Have some more”; it simply means “Eat amply.” We might say in
+                        English, “Have as much as you like,” or “Help yourself.” Here are some more
+                        examples showing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >duō</foreignphrase> does not always mean “more.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng píngguǒ zènme piányi
+                            a? Nà wǒmen jiu duō mǎi diǎnr ba!</foreignphrase> These apples are this
+                        inexpensive? In that case, let's get a whole bunch of them!<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile
+                                                yíge rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>One person too many came.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā duō
+                                                gěile shíkuài qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He gave ten dollars too much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō mǎi
+                                                jǐběnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Buy a few extra volumes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Contrast <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile yíge
+                            rén</foreignphrase>, “One person too many came,” with <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu láile yíge rén</foreignphrase>, “One more
+                        person came.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi</foreignphrase>: “belly,
+                        lower abdomen” This has often been translated as “stomach,” but actually
+                        when someone says <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi
+                            téng</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ
+                            dùzi bu shūfu</foreignphrase>, they are most often referring to lower
+                        abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to
+                        translate it as “stomach,” in the looser sense of “belly,” for
+                            example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige rénde
+                                                dùzi hěn dà.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That man has a big stomach/belly.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi è
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm hungry. (Literally, “My stomach is
+                                            hungry.”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>A colloquial expression for “to be pregnant” is <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi dà le</foreignphrase>, literally, “the
+                        abdomen has become big,” or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dà
+                            dùzi le</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù</foreignphrase>: “to have
+                        diarrhea” There are several expressions for “diarrhea” in Chinese;
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù</foreignphrase> is a
+                        good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too
+                        informal not too technical. (See also <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>, below.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yūn</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        dizzy” Often used after <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >tóu</foreignphrase>, “head”: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >tóu yūn</foreignphrase>. Pronounced with the Falling tone,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase>, this word
+                        is used in the expressions <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn
+                            chē</foreignphrase>, “to be carsick/train sick,” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase> chuan, “to be seasick,”
+                        and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn fēijǐ</foreignphrase>, “to
+                        be airsick.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kàn shū
+                                                kànde tóu dōu yūn le!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've been reading so much that I'm dizzy!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>In this sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dōu</foreignphrase> doesn't mean “all,” but “even, to such an extent
+                        that.” This type of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >dōu</foreignphrase> is always used with le at the end of the
+                        sentence.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tù</foreignphrase>: “to vomit”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎng tù</foreignphrase>,
+                        literally “to feel like vomiting,” means “to feel nauseous.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase>: “body
+                        temperature” Only used for the temperature of a body. [The general word for
+                        “temperature” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >wēndù</foreignphrase>, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.]
+                            [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǐwēnbiāo</foreignphrase> is
+                        a medical thermometer.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dù</foreignphrase>: “degree”
+                        This noun does not take a counter.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèibìng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, “stomach illness.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn bù tōng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “to be constipated” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Dàbiàn</foreignphrase> (literally “major-convenience)” means “to have a
+                        bowel movement” or “feces.” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Xiǎobiàn</foreignphrase>, “minor-convenience,” means “to urinate” or
+                        “urine.”) <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù tōng</foreignphrase>
+                        means “doesn't go through, is blocked up.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: “to lie,
+                        to recline” Notice that the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zài</foreignphrase> phrase goes after the verb tang in the sentence
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni tǎng zài
+                            zhèr</foreignphrase>. This is because the zài phrase shows the result of
+                        the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: you
+                        end up being here (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài
+                            zhèr</foreignphrase>) as a result of the action of lying (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>). <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāngxià</foreignphrase> or<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> tǎng xiàlái</foreignphrase> means “to lie
+                        down.” In some of the following sentences, notice that <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase> corresponds to “be in
+                            bed.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gānmào
+                                                le, tǎngle yìtiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has
+                                            been in bed all day today).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐhuan
+                                                tǎngzhe kàn shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He likes to read lying down.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐjīng
+                                                bādiǎn zhōngle, nǐ hái tǎngzhe
+                                            ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's eight o'clock already, and you're still in
+                                            bed!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎngxialai
+                                                xiūxi yihuǐr ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Lie down and rest for a while.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngyǐ</foreignphrase>: “upper
+                        garments” [Also sometimes means “coat.”]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō</foreignphrase>: “to take
+                        off” (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>, “to put
+                            on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài bǎ
+                                                dàyī tuōxialai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Come on and take off your coat.*</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhèng
+                                                tuōzhe yīfu, jìnlai yige
+                                            rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Right when he was taking off his clothes, someone
+                                            came in.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
+                                                tuōle xié zài jìnqu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please remove your shoes before going in.**</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>*This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have
+                        thought that the use of the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >kuài</foreignphrase>, usually translated as “hurry up and ...” sounds
+                        impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài</foreignphrase> indicates
+                        the host's concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off,
+                        would be too polite to do so immediately.</para>
+                    <para>**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing
+                        shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every
+                        case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during
+                        dry weather.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase>: You have
+                        seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase> meaning
+                        “to open.” Here it means “to write out” a prescription, list, receipt,
+                        check, etc.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng bìng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        get sick” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēng</foreignphrase>
+                        means literally, “to develop, to happen.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng bìng</foreignphrase> le means
+                        virtually the same thing as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Tā</foreignphrase> bìng le.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián
+                                                chūntiān shēng bìngde rén hěn
+                                            duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Lots of people are getting sick this spring.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng
+                                                bìng shēngle liǎngge xīngqī le, hái méi
+                                                hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has been sick for two weeks now and hasn't
+                                            recovered yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái
+                                                shēngzhe bìng ne, zěnme kéyi
+                                            chūqu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You're still sick; how can you go out ?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēngde
+                                                shi shénme bìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What illness is it that he has?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        have diarrhea,” a more colloquial, but not at all improper, word for
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè
+                            dù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lā dùzi
+                                                lāde hěn lìhai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has a bad case of diarrhea.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A man in Taipei calls a doctor's office to ask what he should do for his
+                        wife's illness.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a
+                        young man (A) visits a clinic.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for
+                        clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures. It can also be used
+                        for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>: Both of
+                        these are translated as “temperature” in the sentences above, but they
+                        should be distinguished. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Tǐwēn</foreignphrase> is literally “body temperature” and thus is used
+                        when talking about taking human temperatures. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wēndù</foreignphrase> is literally
+                        “temperature degree” and is generally used in measuring heat or
+                            cold.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wūzilide
+                                                wēndù shi duōshǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the temperature in your room?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>[There is another word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >qìwén</foreignphrase>, literally “air temperature,” used, for example,
+                        in weather reports.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù bù gāo</foreignphrase>:
+                        “the temperature is not high” Normal body temperature (98.6' F) is 37°
+                        Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase>: “boiled
+                        water” This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase> is
+                        served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice
+                        cold beverages are not good.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā</foreignphrase>: “blood
+                        pressure,” literally “blood pressure.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuěyā gāo</foreignphrase> is “high blood
+                        pressure,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā
+                            dǐ</foreignphrase> is “low blood pressure.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiū</foreignphrase>:
+                        “acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiǔ</foreignphrase>. Acupuncture is a
+                        practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine
+                        where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve
+                        pain. This is based on the idea that the body's energy (qì) forms an
+                        integral system which must be maintained for good health. This is done by
+                        applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of qì.
+                        Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the
+                        smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are
+                        placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times,
+                        a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on
+                        top.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng zhǎo zhēnjiū
+                            dàifu gěi ni kànkan?</foreignphrase>: This has been translated on the
+                        Reference List as “Do you want to sean acupuncturist?” which is the
+                        conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the
+                        structure of the question might be: “Do you want to look for an acupuncture
+                        doctor to give you treatment?”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng
+                            gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “influenza, flu,” literally “epidemic cold.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liúxíng</foreignphrase>: the
+                        verb “to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Xìng</foreignphrase> means “quality,
+                        characteristic,” and when used as a suffix corresponds to “<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-esque</foreignphrase>” in “picturesque,” or
+                        “-like” in “childlike.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Liúxíngxìng</foreignphrase> is then “having the characteristic of being
+                        prevalent,” specifically “epidemic.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi dāo</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        operate; to be operated on,” literally “to open or operate the
+                        knife.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> a
+                        worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kesou yishēng</foreignphrase>:
+                        Literally, “cough one sound.” -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Sheng</foreignphrase> is the counter for utterances.</para>
+                </section>
             </section>
         </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase>: “too
+                        bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,” literally, “rotten-cake.” This is
+                        used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to “Oh
+                            no!”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zāogāo! Wǒ
+                                                wàngle dài fēijīpiào le!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh, no! I forgot to bring the plane tickets!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As an adjectival verb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zāogāo</foreignphrase> means “to be in a mess, to be in a bad state,”
+                        as in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàrde
+                                                qíngxing hěn zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The situation there is a mess.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū
+                                                xiěde zhēn zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This book is terribly written.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hěn
+                                                zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He's in a very bad way.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàoshi
+                                                zhèige bìngrén láide zài wǎn yìdiǎnr jiù zāogāo
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>If this patient had come any later than he did, he
+                                            would have been in a real mess (in big trouble).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>: “to lose”
+                        You can analyze the sentence <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wode
+                            hùzhào diū le</foreignphrase> this way:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
+                                                hùzhào</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>As for my passport,</entry>
+                                        <entry>it has been) lost.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diào</foreignphrase> instead
+                        of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hùzhào diào
+                            le.</foreignphrase></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyì</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyi</foreignphrase> (with a
+                        neutral-tone <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >yi</foreignphrase>).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>:
+                        “matter, affair, business, thing.” Shìqing refers to abstract things, while
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōngxi</foreignphrase> refers
+                        to concrete things.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ zhízhào</foreignphrase>:
+                        “driver's license” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >jiàshǐ</foreignphrase> is “to drive (a vehicle).” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhízhào</foreignphrase> is a “license,
+                        permit.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        discover, to find, to find out”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr
+                                                fāxiànle yige wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've discovered a problem here.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi
+                                                gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng xǐnde
+                                            yào.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This is a new kind of medicine which has just been
+                                            discovered.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The object of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fāxiàn</foreignphrase> may also be a clause:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ huílaile
+                                                yǐhòu jiu fāxiàn tā yǐjīng zǒu
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When I came back I discovered tha the had already
+                                            left.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The expression <foreignphrase/> can often be translated as “I notice that
+                        ...”or “I find that ...”. It often prefaces a personal observation, as
+                            in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn
+                                                hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde yǒu háizi hěn
+                                                máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I find that many Americans feel that it's a lot of
+                                            trouble to have children.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn
+                                                nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde dōngxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I notice (or, “I get the impression”) that you like
+                                            new things very much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As a noun, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >fāxiàn</foreignphrase> means “discovery”:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi
+                                                yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This is a very important discovery.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase>: “then and
+                        only then, not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens
+                        relatively late: “not until this morning.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cái</foreignphrase> is the opposite of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>, the word
+                        for “then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase> describes
+                        a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice
+                        that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase> in
+                        sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuótiān
+                                                cái gàosu wǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He didn't tell me until yesterday.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>: “a
+                        little more quickly,” or as in No. 7, “soon.” <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase> gives the
+                        impression of being even sooner than <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎo yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>. Both mean
+                        “soon.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        receive, to get, to pick up, to collect” something that is issued or given
+                        (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>:
+                        “otherwise,” literally “if-not-thus.” Like <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kěshi</foreignphrase> “but” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase> “but,
+                        however,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>
+                        always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi
+                                                mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù wǎn
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be
+                                            late.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi zuò
+                                                fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài màn
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I have to take a plane, otherwise it'll be too
+                                            slow.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        take a picture,” literally, “illuminate-image.” You already learned
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngjī</foreignphrase>,
+                        “camera,” in WLF Unit 4, Part I. The counter for <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàng</foreignphrase> “-pictures” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhāng</foreignphrase> (the
+                        same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things).
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào jǐzhāng
+                            xiàng</foreignphrase> thus means “to take a few pictures.” (When NOT
+                        using the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >xiàng</foreignphrase> as the object of zhào, however, you should use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàngpiàn</foreignphrase> for
+                        “photograph.”)</para>
+                    <para>Like many verb-object expressions, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase> has the potential
+                        ambiguity of meaning either “to (verb) an (object )” or “to have an (object)
+                        (verb)-ed”: “to take a picture” or “to have one's picture taken.” You saw
+                        this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c4" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn
+                                                tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to cut hair</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's hair cut</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ
+                                                tóu</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to give a shampoo </entry>
+                                        <entry>to get a shampoo</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā
+                                                húzi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to shave</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have a shave</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā
+                                                píxié</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to shine shoes</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's shoes shined</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng
+                                                tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to give a permanent</entry>
+                                        <entry>to get a permanent</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn
+                                                tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to curl hair</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's hair curled</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào
+                                                xiàng</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to take a picture</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's picture taken</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>For example, in the case of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào
+                            xiàng</foreignphrase>, a photographer might say <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>, “I am going
+                        to take pictures”; but a person going to a photographer's studio might say
+                        the same sentence,<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wǒ qù zhào
+                            xiàng</foreignphrase>, meaning “I am going to have my picture
+                        taken.”</para>
+                    <para>The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes
+                        any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it
+                        perfectly clear which meaning is intended.</para>
+                    <para>With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on
+                        whom the action is performed, you have to use a <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> phrase (you can't make
+                        the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object).
+                        For example, to say “I'm going to take a picture of you,” say:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi nǐ
+                                                zhào xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm going to take a picture of you.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Likewise:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā tàitai
+                                                gěi ta jiǎn tóufa.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>His wife cuts his hair.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a
+                        short exchange illustrating how <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zhào xiàng</foreignphrase> might be misunderstood and how the
+                        misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase>,
+                        “photograph,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zhàoxiàngguǎn</foreignphrase>, “photography studio.”)<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jīntiān
+                                                zhào xiàng qu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>Today I went to take pictures / to have my picture
+                                            taken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>B:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào
+                                                shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>What did you take pictures of? Did you take pictures
+                                            of scenery?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú shì a.
+                                                Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào, děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi
+                                                wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào
+                                                xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>No. I'm going to get a passport and need photographs,
+                                            so I went to a photo studio and had them take my
+                                            picture.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Here “A” meant by his first sentence “Today I went to have my picture
+                        taken.” but “B” understood him to mean “Today I went to take
+                        pictures.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàishì jǐngchá</foreignphrase>:
+                        “foreign affairs policemen,” those who Heal with foreign nationals.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A foreign official in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Běijǐng</foreignphrase> talks with a Chinese colleague.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nǎr diūd'a?</foreignphrase>:
+                        “Where did you lose it?” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >d'a</foreignphrase> is a contraction of <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">a</foreignphrase>. The whole sentence would
+                        be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde
+                            a?</foreignphrase></para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase>: “someone”
+                        The question word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >shéi</foreignphrase> “who” can also be used to mean “someone.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>: This is the
+                        prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the
+                        English “by” in passive sentences. In sentences with <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>, it is the subject
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase> in
+                        sentence 12) which received the action and the object of <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐchē</foreignphrase> in sentence 12) which
+                        did the action.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde zìdiǎn
+                                                bèi xuésheng názǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My dictionary was taken by a student.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bèi rén
+                                                dǎsǐ le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He was beaten to death by someone. (<foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎsǐ</foreignphrase> is
+                                            literally “hit to death”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para/>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bèi</foreignphrase> has a
+                        special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur
+                        WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the
+                            sentence:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde xīn
+                                                qìchē bèi zhuàng le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My new car was hit.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde yǔsān
+                                                bèi názǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My umbrella was taken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qí</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        ride/drive by straddling” While <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >zuò</foreignphrase> is the verb “to ride” down, qí is the verb “to
+                        ride” used generally - and specifically when sitting with horses,
+                        motorcycles and bicycles.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téngsǐ le</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        hurt a lot,” literally “to hurt to death (figuratively speaking)”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú xuě</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        bleed,” literally “to flow blood”; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >Xuě</foreignphrase> is also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuè</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tái</foreignphrase>: “to lift or
+                        carry (by two or more persons)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ
+                                                zhèige zhuōzi táijìnlái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please carry this table in (with me or someone
+                                            else).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ
+                                                zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli táishang chē
+                                                qu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please carry (with me or someone else these two large
+                                            suitcases onto the train.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ diànshì
+                                                táixià 1óu lai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Bring the television downstairs with me.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>: “to move
+                        (either oneself or something else)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié
+                                                dòng!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't move.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiān bú yào
+                                                dòng ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let's not move him just yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dòng</foreignphrase> can also
+                        mean “to touch” something, so <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié
+                            dòng</foreignphrase> can also mean “Don't touch it.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòngbuliǎo</foreignphrase>:
+                        “unable to move” The endings<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">
+                            -deliǎo</foreignphrase> “able” and -<foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">buliǎo</foreignphrase> “unable” are used with
+                        action verbs to show the result of the action.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zènme duō
+                                                xíngli, wǒ yíge rén
+                                            nábuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I can't carry all this luggage by myself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā kāi dāo
+                                                bù jiǔ, hái zǒubuliāo lù.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It hasn't been long since the operation. She's not
+                                            yet able to walk.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià zhème
+                                                dà yǔ. Xiànzài zěubuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's raining so hard. We can't leave now.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎshàng</foreignphrase>:
+                        “immediately, right away,” literally “on a horse”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ diànhuà</foreignphrase>: “to
+                        make a phone call,” literally “to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you
+                        are calling, use the prepositional verb <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> “for, to.”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi shéi
+                                                dǎ diànhuà?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who are you calling?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Wáng
+                                                yòu gěi ni dǎ diàn huà le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo
+                                                Wáng</foreignphrase> called you again.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase>
+                        by itself can mean either “telephone” or “telephone call.”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái
+                                                méiyou diànhuà ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are you still without a phone?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu nǐde
+                                                diànhuà.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>There's a call for you.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Sometimes you can use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >diànhuà</foreignphrase> where English would have “telephone number”:
+                            <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
+                                                diànhuà shi duōshao?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is your telephone number?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhāojí</foreignphrase>: “to get
+                        upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ tài
+                                                zhāojí. Wǒmen zhèr méiyou shénme
+                                                wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You're too anxious/worried. We don't have any
+                                            problems here.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kān</foreignphrase>: “to look
+                        after (something)” The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >kàn</foreignphrase> “to look, to see” changes tones when it means “to
+                        look after something.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù
+                                                Xiānggǎngde shíhou, shéi gěi ni kān
+                                                fángzi?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who'll be looking after your house when you go to
+                                            Hong Kong?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shéi gěi ni
+                                                kān háizi?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for
+                                            you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>: This is
+                        the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verb to
+                        indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe
+                            ta</foreignphrase> “I'll stay here and look after him,” the speaker is
+                        saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Zhe</foreignphrase> can be used whether the
+                        time is past, present or future.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zài
+                                                nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiǎo Lán pǎojinlai gàosu ta bàba
+                                                huílai le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She was sitting there when <foreignphrase
+                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāo Lán</foreignphrase>
+                                            ran in and told her papa had returned.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hāi bìngzhe ne.</foreignphrase>
+                        He's still sick. (The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >-zhe</foreignphrase> tells you that the illness is lasting for some
+                        time. Without <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                        >-zhe</foreignphrase>, bin, means “get sick,” not “be sick. Ne tells you
+                        this is not a new situation [absence of change!]<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuòzhe
+                                                ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Sit for a while.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor
+                        cycle (A) who has Just had an accident with a pedestrian (C).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páizi</foreignphrase>: “sign,
+                        poster, plate,” also a “brand name, trademark”<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ mǎide
+                                                shi shénme páizide
+                                            zhàoxiàngjī?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What brand of camera did you buy?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige hóng
+                                                páizishang xiěde shi shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is written on that red sign ?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùyì</foreignphrase>: “to pay
+                        attention to, to take notice of”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
+                                                zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi zǒude.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I didn't notice who he left with.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhùyì
+                                                diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please pay a little more attention!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bù kéyi</foreignphrase>:
+                        “cannot” Of the three auxiliary verbs <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">néng</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase> is the one to use when
+                        the “can” or “cannot” is due to someone granting or withholding
+                        permission.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyǒng</foreignphrase>: “to
+                            swim”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ huì bu
+                                                huì yóuyǒng? </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Can you swim?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yóuyǒng
+                                                yóude bú tài hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't swim too well.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wéixiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to be
+                        dangerous, to be perilous” Also pronounced <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēixiǎn</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiběi
+                                                qí mōtuōchē tài wéixiǎn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's too dangerous to ride a motorcycle in
+                                            Taipei.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú pà
+                                                wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu yào
+                                            zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He's not afraid of danger. He'll do anything.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gùyì</foreignphrase>:
+                        “intentionally, willfully, on purpose”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gùyì bǎ
+                                                nèixie shū diū le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She lost those books on purpose.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ
+                                                bú shi gùyì (zuò)de.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let,
+                        to allow, to cause (someone to do something).” This is a prepositional verb,
+                        i.e. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase> and its
+                        object both precede the main verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú ràng
+                                                wǒ zǒu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She won't let me leave.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zěnme
+                                                kéyi ràng tā zènme bù
+                                            gāoxìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>How could you make her so unhappy?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in <foreignphrase
+                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> prohibited to
+                        foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A
+                        policewoman (F) calls out to him.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐdao le</foreignphrase>: “now
+                        I know,” or “I understand” This is the marker le for new situations.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in
+                        Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì bú yào zài lai
+                            le</foreignphrase>: “in the future don't come here again (any more).” In
+                        addition to meaning “next time,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                            >xiàcì</foreignphrase> can mean generally “in the future.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Appendixes</title>

OptionalModule-WLF/FSI-OptionalModule-WLF.xml.bak

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
                 <para>Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give
-                    normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell ’“where it hurts”
+                    normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell '“where it hurts”
                     (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary. ) </para>
             </listitem>
             <listitem>
@@ -60,191 +60,4775 @@
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Unit 1: Weather and Terrain</title>
+
         <section>
-            <title>Reference List</title>
+            <title>References Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo</foreignphrase>: Notice that the
+                        time word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jīntiān</foreignphrase> “today” is placed before
+                        the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more than
+                        one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case
+                        before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qùnián wǒ hái bú huì xiě
+                                                zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Last year I still couldn't write characters.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài hui xiě yìdiǎn le.
+                                            </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu</foreignphrase>: “climate” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìhòu</foreignphrase> (with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hou</foreignphrase> in the neutral tone).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dōngtiān hěn lěng.</foreignphrase>: “it's cold in winter”
+                        The adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> is not translated here. Often
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> adds little or nothing to the
+                        intensity of the adjectival verb, and doesn't need to be translated by
+                        “very.” Later, you may notice that sometimes we translate the
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> literally and sometimes we choose to
+                        omit it from the translation. It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is
+                        more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary
+                        decision.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>: “often, frequently, usually” An
+                        alternate form of this word is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā chángcháng qù
+                                                Xiānggǎng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā cháng kàn
+                                            bàozhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase>; instead, Just use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cháng</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>. If you must stress that
+                        something happens very often, use a phrase like “every few days.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>: “to snow” or more literally
+                        ”(there) falls snow.” The subject <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuě</foreignphrase> “snow”
+                        normally follows the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase> “to descend.”
+                        This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather
+                        expressions. **English is no more logical when it comes to weather
+                        expressions: it uses the meaningless subject “it,” as in “it snows.”**<footnote>
+                            <para>English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions:
+                                it uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para>
+                        </footnote><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Òu, xià xuě
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh, it's snowing.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě ma? Bu
+                                            xià.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu méiyou xià xue?
+                                                Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià xuě le méiyou?
+                                                Méiyou.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià
+                                                xuě?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiànzài bù xià xuě
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tiān</foreignphrase>: “heaven, sky, day.”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āiya, wǒde tiān
+                                            na!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiān zhǐdao!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qíng</foreignphrase>: “to be clear, to clear up” In the
+                            sentence<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Tiān qíng</foreignphrase> le, the marker le
+                        tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the
+                        sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared
+                        up.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Juéde</foreignphrase> “to feel” Here
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase> is used to mean “to feel, to think,
+                        to have an opinion about something.” It can also mean “to feel” in a
+                        physical way, as in “to feel sick.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ Juéde ...
+                            zěnmeyàng?</foreignphrase> can be well translated as “How do you like
+                        ... ?</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn shǎo</foreignphrase>: “It seldom snows in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shànghǎi</foreignphrase> in the winter.” The adjectival
+                        verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> “to be few” is used here as an
+                        adverb “seldom,” and as such comes before the verb. Notice that
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn shǎo</foreignphrase>, “seldom,” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chángcháng</foreignphrase>, “often,” are used as
+                        opposites.</para>
+                    <para>J<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">īntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn liángkuai</foreignphrase>: “Today
+                        the weather here is very cool.” Again, it is not necessary to translate
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn</foreignphrase> as “very” in this sentence; the
+                        meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis.</para>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                        <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                        <para/>
+                    </section>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>: “to feel” This may mean “to feel
+                            (physically)” or “to feel (emotionally), to think.” It is often used, as
+                            in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion.
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ juéde ...</foreignphrase> may sometimes be
+                            translated as “l think that ...”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ juéde tā kéyi
+                                                  zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I think he can do it.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para>And here are some examples using <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juéde</foreignphrase>
+                            to mean “feel (physically )”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                                colsep="1">
+                                <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                    <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                    <tbody>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ juéde hěn
+                                                rè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I feel hot.</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ juéde bù
+                                                shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry/>
+                                        </row>
+                                        <row>
+                                            <entry>I don't feel well. (Literally, “I feel not
+                                                well.”)</entry>
+                                        </row>
+                                    </tbody>
+                                </tgroup>
+                            </informaltable></para>
+                        <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ juéde Běijīng zěnmeyang?</foreignphrase>: “How do
+                            you like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” or “What do you think
+                            of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>?” More literally, “You feel
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> is how?”</para>
+                        <para>t<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ài lěng le</foreignphrase>: “it's been too cold” The
+                            marker le is the marker for new situations. It is often used to
+                            reinforce the idea of “excessive.” Another example is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tài
+                                guì le!</foreignphrase> “it's too expensive!”</para>
+                    </section>
+                    <section>
+                        <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                        <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.</para>
+                        <para/>
+                    </section>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List Part 2</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase>: “(there) blows wind”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guā</foreignphrase> literally means “to scrape,” but when
+                        used in connection with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase>, “wind,” it
+                        means “to blow.” Like other weather expressions, such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià
+                            xuě</foreignphrase> “to snow,” the subject
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēng</foreignphrase> usually follows the verb guā. To say
+                        “very windy,” you say that the wind is big, either <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēng hěn
+                            dà</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guā dà fēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè</foreignphrase>: “by March” A time word before the
+                        verb may mean “by” a certain time as well as “at” a certain time.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sānyuè jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo le</foreignphrase>: “By March it
+                        is already starting to get warm.” When the time word before it is given
+                        extra stress, the adverb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> indicates that
+                        the event in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker le
+                        after the state verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nuǎnhuo</foreignphrase>, “to be warm,”
+                        tells us that it is being used here as a process verb “to get warm.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒude shiéhou</foreignphrase>: “sometimes” This is also
+                        said as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shíyou</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià yǔ</foreignphrase>: “to rain” Literally, “(there) falls
+                        rain.” Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject
+                        normally follows the verb: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià xuě</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā fēng</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià
+                            yǔ</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhēn xiǎng Jiāzhōu</foreignphrase>: “I really miss
+                        California” The verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎng</foreignphrase>, translated here
+                        as “to miss,” is the same verb as “to think” (“I really think of California
+                        [with nostalgia]”).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàtiān bú shi hěn cháoshí</foreignphrase>: “it's not very
+                        humid in the summer.” The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shi</foreignphrase> is not
+                        obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù hěn cháoshí</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifěng</foreignphrase>: “typhoon” The Chinese word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">táifēng</foreignphrase> was borrowed into the English
+                        language as “typhoon.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ líkāi zhème jiǔ</foreignphrase>: “it's been so long
+                        since you left” You have seen <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǔ</foreignphrase>, which
+                        means “to be long in time,” in the phrase <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō
+                            jiǔ</foreignphrase>, “how long (a time)”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase>: “in the city,” literally “inside
+                        the city wall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià</foreignphrase>: “country” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngxià</foreignphrase> (with neutral tone
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xià</foreignphrase>).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùjìn</foreignphrase>: “vicinity” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fǔjìn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huánjìng</foreignphrase>: “environment, surroundings,” In
+                        №24 the phrase <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā fùjìnde huānjìng</foreignphrase> is
+                        literally “the environment of the vicinity of your original home.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang</foreignphrase>: “your hometown”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎojiā</foreignphrase> by itself only means “original
+                        home.”To get the meaning “hometown,” you must refer to the place
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige dìfang</foreignphrase>) where your “original home”
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǎojiā</foreignphrase>) is. Notice the different
+                        phrasing in the following sentences:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang yǒu duōshǎo
+                                                rénkǒu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the population of your hometown?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā nàr yǒu méiyou
+                                                shān?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are there mountains where your original home
+                                            is?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ lǎojiā zài xiāngxià
+                                                ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is your original home in the country?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shān</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hū</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hé</foreignphrase>: “mountain, lake, river” These three
+                        words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province
+                            names.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shāndōng</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>east of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shānxǐ</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>west of the (Tàiháng) mountains</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Héběi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>north of the (Yellow) river</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hénán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>south of the (Yellow) river</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húběi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>north of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Húnán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>south of the (Dòngtíng) lake</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèige xiǎo chéng</foreignphrase>: “that little town” You've
+                        learned that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéngli</foreignphrase> means “in the city.” One
+                        word for “city” by itself is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chéng</foreignphrase> [another
+                        is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chěngshì</foreignphrase>]. <informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde shi něige Huáshèngdùn? Shi
+                                                zhōu háishi chéng? </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Which Washington are you talking about? The state or
+                                            the city?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ líkāi nàli yǐjīng yǒu wǔnián le</foreignphrase>:
+                        “(Since) I left there it has been five years.” The marker le at the end of
+                        the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the
+                        duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment (“so far”). Another
+                        point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences
+                        containing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǐjīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhānghuà</foreignphrase>, “Changsha,” is the name of a city
+                        and a county on the west coast of central Taiwan. T'ienchung
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiánzhōng</foreignphrase>) is a village in southeastern
+                        Changsha county.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
             <para/>
         </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
         <section>
-            <title>References Notes</title>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
             <section>
-                <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
-                <para>Jīntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo: Notice that the time word jīntiān “today” is placed
-                    before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more
-                    than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either
-                    case before the verb. Examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Qùnián wǒ hái bú huì xiě zì.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Last year I still couldn’t write characters.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Wǒ xiànzài hui xiě yìdiǎn le. </entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Now I can write a little.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>qìhòu: “climate” Also pronounced qìhòu (with hou in the neutral tone).</para>
-                <para>Dōngtiān hěn lěng.: “it's cold in winter” The adverb hěn is not translated
-                    here. Often hěn adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb,
-                    and doesn’t need to be translated by “very.” Later, you may notice that
-                    sometimes we translate the hěn literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from
-                    the translation. It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of
-                    feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.</para>
-                <para>chángcháng: “often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is
-                        cháng.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tā chángcháng qù Xiānggǎng.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>She often goes to Hong Kong.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tā cháng kàn bàozhǐ.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>He often reads the newspaper.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>The phrase “very often” is NOT formed by using hěn with cháng; instead, Just
-                    use cháng or chángcháng. If you must stress that something happens very often,
-                    use a phrase like “every few days.”</para>
-                <para>xià xuě: “to snow” or more literally ”(there) falls snow.” The subject xuě
-                    “snow” normally follows the verb xià “to descend.” This reversal of subject and
-                    verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.<footnote><para>English 
-                    is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it 
-                    uses the meaningless “it,”as in “it snows.”</para></footnote><informaltable
-                        frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
-                        <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
-                            <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
-                            <tbody>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Òu, xià xuě le.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Oh, it’s snowing.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xià xuě ma? Bu xià.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Yǒu méiyou xià xue? Méiyou.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xià xuě le méiyou? Méiyou.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it snowing? No.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià xuě?</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Is it going to snow today?</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Xiànzài bù xià xuě le.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>It's not snowing anymore.</entry>
-                                </row>
-                            </tbody>
-                        </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>tiān: “heaven, sky, day.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>References Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>: “to put on, to don” (clothes, shoes)
+                        Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, “to put on,” where English uses a
+                        state verb, “to wear.” You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to
+                        use this verb correctly. When you want to say “She's NOT WEARING her coat,”
+                        you actually say “She DIDN'T PUT ON her coat,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měi chuān
+                            dàyī</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para>Here are some example sentences using <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>
+                        “to put on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chuānle yìshuāng hóng
+                                                xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm wearing a pair of red shoes. (I've put on a pair
+                                            of red shoes.)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi chuān
+                                            xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm not wearing shoes. (I didn't put on shoes.
+                                            )</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Ní chuān bái xié
+                                            ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear
+                                            white shoes? (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bù chuān bái
+                                            xié.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won't wear
+                                            white shoes. (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuān</foreignphrase> is not the only verb meaning to put
+                        on in Chinese. There is another verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>
+                        which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments,
+                        jewelry, and gloves.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dài</foreignphrase> is taught in Part II of this
+                        unit.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xūyào</foreignphrase>: “to need” This word may be used as a
+                        main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is always a state
+                        verb. It is, therefore, negated with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào
+                                            shíjiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need time.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need her.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xūyào huàn
+                                            qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>I need to change money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xūyào
+                                            zhīdao.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>He needs to know.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiàn</foreignphrase>: This is the counter for articles of
+                        clothing, as well as for things (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǒngxi</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>), and suitcases.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàyī</foreignphrase>: “overcoat” literally “big
+                        clothes”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>: “to be old, to be worn” This is the
+                        word to use when describing things, whether concrete or abstract, but never
+                        people. [For people, use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lāo</foreignphrase>:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lǎo le</foreignphrase>. “She's gotten
+                            old.”]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒde jiù
+                                            dìzhǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's my old address.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā háishi chuān jiù
+                                                yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She's still wearing old clothes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi (yí)jiān xīnde</foreignphrase>: The number yí- before a
+                        counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase>: “to need” In sentence №4, you see a
+                        new usage of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ yào mǎi
+                            hòu yidiǎnrde </foreignphrase>“you need to buy a heavier one”). In
+                        addition to meaning “to want”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yào</foreignphrase> has many
+                        uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning “to need” is one of the more common
+                        ones.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>: “to be thick” In sentence No. 4
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde...</foreignphrase>),
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase> is translated as “heavier.” The basic
+                        meaning of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase> is “to be
+                            thick.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū hěn
+                                            hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This book is very thick.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yèli xiàde xuě hěn
+                                                hòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The snow that fell last night is very deep.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Báo</foreignphrase> “to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth,
+                        paper, etc.),” is often the opposite of
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hòu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuōxié</foreignphrase>: “slipper,” literally “drag-shoes.”
+                        In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of
+                        pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by
+                        Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which
+                        would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland
+                        China, shoes are worn into the house.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>: This verb has a different meaning
+                        depending on whether it is a state verb or a process verb. As a state verb,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase> means “to be bad,” as a process
+                        verb, “to go bad, to break.”</para>
+                    <para>As a state verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuótiān tiānqi zhēn huài, jīntiān hǎo
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's
+                                            gotten better.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē! Tāde Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài,
+                                                a?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As a process verb:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhèizhǐ bǐ huài
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This pen of mine is broken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèixiē júzi huài le, bú yào
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>These tangerines have gone bad; we don't want them
+                                            (throw them out).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gāoxióng</foreignphrase>) in southern Taiwan. Here they
+                        are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
+                            Huá</foreignphrase> is their daughter.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>An American of Chinese descent (M) has gone back to visit relatives in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. Here he talks with his cousin
+                        (F).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <para/>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèiyī</foreignphrase>,
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèi</foreignphrase>
+                        means “inner.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèikù</foreignphrase> means “underpants”
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kù</foreignphrase> as in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kùzi</foreignphrase>).
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèiyī</foreignphrase> means “underclothes” in general,
+                        but when contrasted with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikù</foreignphrase> takes on the
+                        specific meaning “undershirt.” The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yī</foreignphrase> means
+                        “clothing, garment,” as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīfu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>: “jacket,” a word borrowed from
+                        English. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiākè</foreignphrase> refers only to Jackets cut
+                        above the waist; a suit Jacket would be
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào</foreignphrase> (see note below). Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiákè</foreignphrase>. In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, this word has an -r
+                        ending.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nílóng</foreignphrase>: “nylon,” another borrowing from
+                        English.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to put on, to don” a hat, wristwatch,
+                        gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one's
+                        apparel. As with the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase> which you
+                        learned in Part I, when you use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> you have
+                        to adjust your thinking from the idea of “to wear” to the idea of “put on.”
+                        For “Do you wear glasses?” you would say “Do you put on glasses?”:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nī dài bu dài yǎnjìng?</foreignphrase> For “She's not
+                        wearing glasses” you would say “She didn't put on glasses”:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài yǎnjìng.</foreignphrase>
+                            Contrast:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry morerows="2"><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú dài
+                                                màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry morerows="2"/>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't wear hats.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She won't wear a hat. (HABIT) (INTENTION)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry morerows="4"><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā méi dài
+                                                màozi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry morerows="4"/>
+                                        <entry>She didn't put on a hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She didn't wear a hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't have a hat on.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect
+                        markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in
+                        progress [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase>], the marker for duration
+                            [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>], the marker for lack of change
+                            [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase>], etc., can be used to make more
+                        precise the meaning of a sentence.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase>: The counter for
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">màozi</foreignphrase>, “hat.” Literally,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dǐng</foreignphrase> means “top.”</para>
+                    <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>: “glasses” (counter:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-fù</foreignphrase>)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase>: “to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò màozi</foreignphrase>, “old/ worn/ tattered hat,”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> stands before a noun to modify it.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Pò</foreignphrase> is also frequently used as a process
+                        verb, “to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò le?</foreignphrase> Let
+                        me have a look, has your jacket been torn/worn through?</para>
+                    <para>In Part I you learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huài</foreignphrase>, “to go bad, to
+                        break.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huài</foreignphrase> means that something becomes
+                        unusable or stops working, while <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> means
+                        that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù</foreignphrase> in Part I had for one possible
+                        translation “to be worn,” but <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pō</foreignphrase> are quite different:
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase> le means to have changed color or
+                        shape after a long period of time or use, whereas
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">pò</foreignphrase> le means that the thing is no longer
+                        intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be enough” This adjectival verb is
+                        only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English “enough”)
+                        before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with “enough”
+                        into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò
+                                                le?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let me have a look, has your jacket been torn/worn
+                                            through?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gòu</foreignphrase>: “to be enough” This adjectival verb is
+                        only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English “enough”)
+                        before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with “enough”
+                        into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Do you have enough socks?</entry>
+                                        <entry>Are your socks enough?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde
+                                                wàzi gòu bu gòu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't have enough shirts</entry>
+                                        <entry>My shirts aren't enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde
+                                                chènshān bú gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>There aren't enough rice bowls.</entry>
+                                        <entry>The rice bowls aren't enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fànwǎn
+                                                bú gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry namest="c1" nameend="newCol2"/>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàitào</foreignphrase>: This word has two meanings: </para>
+                    <orderedlist>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>coat, overcoat,” and</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>a “jacket” which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A
+                                jacket cut above the waist is
+                                <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiākè</foreignphrase>.)</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                    </orderedlist>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zìjǐ</foreignphrase>: “oneself; myself, yourself, himself,
+                        etc.” This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow
+                        another pronoun like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǐ</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒ</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase>,
+                        etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>, “kind,” and for the last, you
+                        need to know <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>, “to make.”)<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎi yīfu, zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xǐhuande
+                                                nèizhǒng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one
+                                            likes oneself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà shi wǒ zìjīde
+                                            shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's my own business.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi tā zìjī zuòde, bú shi
+                                                mǎide.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She made this herself, it isn't
+                                            (store-)bought.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píxié</foreignphrase>: Western-style “leather shoes,” a
+                        word commonly used where we would just say “shoes,” since traditional
+                        Chinese shoes (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bùxié</foreignphrase>) are made of
+                        cloth.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuìyī</foreignphrase>: “pajamas,” literally,
+                        “sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the
+                        type of pajamas referred to. </para>
+                    <para>1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-tào</foreignphrase>, “set.” (Although we say “a pair of
+                        pajamas” in English, you cannot use the counter
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-shuāng</foreignphrase> in Chinese.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Shuāng</foreignphrase> is only for things that match,
+                        like shoes.) </para>
+                    <para>2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">
+                            -jiàn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase>: “tote bag, carryall,” literally,
+                        “book-sack.” Although still used with the original meaning of a student's
+                        “book-bag,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> has now come to have a
+                        more general meaning, since book-bags are often used to carry things other
+                        than books. There are other words for “tote bag,” but
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūbāo</foreignphrase> is so useful that you should learn
+                        it first. 3</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàng</foreignphrase>: “to forget; to forget to; to forget
+                            that”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wàng le ba?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You've forgotten, haven't you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi wàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No, I haven't forgotten.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wo wàng(le) qù
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot to go.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàng(le) dài màozi
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot to put on my hat.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle tā jǐdiǎn zhōng
+                                                lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot what time he is coming.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle tā jiào shénme
+                                                míngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot what his name is.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ wàngle wǒ jīntiān méi
+                                                kè.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I forgot that I don't have any classes today.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máoyí</foreignphrase>: “sweater,” literally,
+                        “woolen-garment.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà</foreignphrase>, “in that case, then,” is always used at
+                        the very beginning of a sentence, for example:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà, wǒmen shénme shíhou
+                                                qù?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Then, when shall we go?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà nǐ děi qù mǎi xīnde le</foreignphrase>: The le here is
+                        optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new
+                        situation.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tiānjīn</foreignphrase>. In the home of two senior cadres,
+                        a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with
+                        the wife's older sister.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǒde shūbāo ne?</foreignphrase>: Questions with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase> frequently ask for the whereabouts of
+                        something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, “Where is my tote
+                        bag?”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎo
+                            Míng</foreignphrase> is their son.)</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase>: “to make,” but in the Reference List
+                        sentence it is used for “to have made.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuò
+                            yīfu</foreignphrase> has two possible meanings: “to make clothes” or “to
+                        have clothes made.” The context will usually make clear which is
+                            meant.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiwān zuò yīfu bù piányi
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Having clothes made isn't cheap in Taiwan any
+                                            more.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para/>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shénmeyàng</foreignphrase>: “what kind, like
+                            what”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde dìtǎn
+                                                shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is your carpet like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Láide rén
+                                            shénmeyàngr?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What did the person who came look like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yàode dìtān shi
+                                                shénmeyàngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind of carpet is it that you want?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde péngyou shi shénmeyàngde
+                                                rén?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind of person is your friend?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase>: A close-fitting woman's dress with
+                        high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a “cheongsam,” from
+                        the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers to the Manchurian nationality;
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páo</foreignphrase> means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus
+                        the name <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qípáo</foreignphrase> comes from the fact that the
+                        ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn by Manchurian
+                        women.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liàozi</foreignphrase>: “cloth, fabric, material”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuō...</foreignphrase> : Literally, “You say...,” but
+                        often used as in this question to mean, “In your opinion” or “Do you
+                        think...”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhǒng</foreignphrase>: “kind, sort”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde lǚxíng zhípiào shi nǎ
+                                                yizhǒngde?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What kind are your traveler's checks?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù nèizhǒng dìfang zuò
+                                                shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What did you go to that kind of place to do?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng júzi hěn
+                                                guì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This kind of tangerine is very expensive.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàngzi</foreignphrase>: <orderedlist>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“appearance,” </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“shape, form,” </para>
+                            </listitem>
+                            <listitem>
+                                <para>“style, design.”</para>
+                            </listitem>
+                        </orderedlist><informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde yàngzi hěn hāo
+                                                kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Her appearance is very attractive.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kàn tā nèi
+                                            yàngzi!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Look at his appearance! (i.e., “Get a load of
+                                            him.”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuōde nèige dōngxi shi shénme
+                                                yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What does the thing you are talking about look
+                                            like?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāde qípāode yàngzi hěn bú
+                                                cuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde xīn yīfu shi shénme
+                                                yàngzide?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the style of your new dress?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnshang</foreignphrase>: “on one's body, on one's
+                            person”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēnshang yǒu yíjiàn lán
+                                                dàyī.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has a blue overcoat on.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ shēnshang méiyou
+                                                qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't have any money on me.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde qián xiànzài dōu zài tā
+                                                shēnshang.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has all my money with him right now.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kě bu kéyi</foreignphrase>: another way to say
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bu kéyi</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào</foreignphrase>: “according to”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào zhèige
+                                            niàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Just read it the way it is here (according to
+                                            this).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiù zhào zhèige páijià huàn
+                                                ba!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Just exchange it according to this exchange
+                                            rate.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jiù zhào nǐde yìsi xiě, hǎo bu
+                                                hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll just write it the way you want it written, all
+                                            right?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to measure”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi wǒ liángliang zhèikuài liàozi
+                                                gòu bu gòu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's
+                                            enough.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcùn</foreignphrase>: “measurements,” literally,
+                        “feet-inches.” Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chǐcun</foreignphrase> (with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cun</foreignphrase> in the neutral tone).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mián'ǎo</foreignphrase>: “Chinese-style cotton-padded
+                        Jacket”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">héshì</foreignphrase>: “to fit; to be suitable, to be
+                            appropriate”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèijiàn yīfu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù
+                                                xiǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This garment fits well, it's neither too large nor
+                                            too small.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chuān zhèige yánsè bú tài héshì,
+                                                huàn (yi)jiàn biéde ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That color doesn't look right on you, try a different
+                                            one.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijǐng</foreignphrase>. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to
+                        have some clothes made. (B) is the tailor.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu shì</foreignphrase>: “to be occupied, to have something
+                        to do,” literally, “to have business.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiànzài yǒu shì
+                                            ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are you busy now?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No, I'm not busy.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to cut (with a scissors), to clip,
+                        to trim” Chinese has several different words for English “to cut” depending
+                        on the method of cutting. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jiǎn</foreignphrase> only refers to
+                        cutting with a scissors or clipper.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú yào</foreignphrase>: “don't” In Transportation Module,
+                        Un t 3, you learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bié</foreignphrase> for “don't” in
+                        negative commands. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào</foreignphrase> means the same
+                        thing.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎngbiān</foreignphrase>: “two sides, both sides” In
+                        English it is enough to say just “the sides” and to add “two” or “both”
+                        seems superfluous, but <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liǎng</foreignphrase> is necessary in
+                        Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as
+                        does the s in English, “the sides.”</para>
+                    <para>Gòu duǎn le: “it's short enough now” There are two things to notice in
+                        this short sentence: (1) In English we say “short enough,” but in Chinese
+                        you say literally “enough short”; in other words, gòu is used as an adverb
+                        to modify the adjectival verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duǎn</foreignphrase>. (2) le
+                        here indicates a new state of affairs: before, the hair wasn't short enough,
+                        but now it is. Thus le can be rendered into English by the word
+                        “now.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase>: “to wash the hair”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tóu</foreignphrase> is literally “head,” but in many
+                        cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese barbershops a shampoo
+                        after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify
+                        that you want one. (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> is translated as
+                        “to shampoo.” Liquid shampoo is called
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐfàjīng</foreignphrase>, “wash-hair-essence.”)</para>
+                    <para>Notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> has been
+                        translated idiomatically as “I want a shampoo,” although literally
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> is a verb-object “to wash the
+                        head.” Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as
+                        to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yào xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> as “I want to wash the
+                        hair,” but in this context the sentence actually means “I want to have (my)
+                        hair washed,” that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell
+                        you which meaning is intended. Another example:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I am going to wash clothes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>OR</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù xǐ yīfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I am going to have clothes washed.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the
+                        situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóu</foreignphrase>: Literally, “oil,” this word may be
+                        used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied
+                        to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The specific word for “hair oil” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàyóu</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóuyóu</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hái yǒu tóufa...</foreignphrase>: This is the sentence to
+                        say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person
+                        would gesture to his neck and say this sentence.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfu</foreignphrase>: “to be comfortable; to feel
+                            good”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige yǐzi zhēn
+                                                shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This chair is really comfortable.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige xiǎo fēng hǎo shūfu
+                                                a!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This breeze (“little wind”) feels so good.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù shūfu</foreignphrase> can either mean “to be
+                        uncomfortable” or “not to be well, that is, to feel ill.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="newCol2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wáng Xiáojie wèishénme jīntiān méi
+                                                lái?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>Why didn't Miss <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wáng</foreignphrase>
+                                            come today?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>B:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā jintiān bù
+                                            shūfu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>She doesn't feel well today.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase>: An extremely versatile verb because
+                        it has such a general meaning: “to do/manage/handle/make.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nòng</foreignphrase> often substitutes for a more
+                        specific verb. Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lòng</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèng</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
+                                            fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go get the meal ready.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù nòng
+                                            nèige.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go take care of that.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zìjǐ nòng
+                                            ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let me do it myself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié nòng nèixie
+                                                shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't mess around with that sort of thing.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā nòngle hěn duō
+                                                qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He came up with a lot of money.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But in the Reference List sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòng</foreignphrase> is
+                        used in an even more common way, meaning “to make (someone/something a
+                        certain way)” or “to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).”
+                        Other examples:</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònggānjing</foreignphrase>: “to make/get something
+                        clean”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nònghuài</foreignphrase>: “to break, to put out of order,
+                        to ruin”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nòngpò</foreignphrase>: “to tear, to break”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>: “to shave”, literally, “to scrape
+                        the beard.” The verb object phrase <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>,
+                        like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> in Reference List Sentence No. 5,
+                        may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either “to
+                        shave (someone)” or “to have someone shave oneself.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi wǒ guā húzi</foreignphrase>: “shave me”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gěi</foreignphrase> is the prepositional verb meaning
+                        “for.” When you have a verb-object phrase like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā
+                            húzi</foreignphrase> you indicate the person upon whom the action is
+                        performed by using a <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>
+                            phrase.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni gěi wǒ xǐ
+                                            tóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a
+                                            shampoo).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>: “to pound (someone's) back” as in
+                        massage. Barbers in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here
+                        once again, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase> is a verb-object phrase
+                        with the same ambiguity as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>: it may mean “to pound someone's
+                        back” or “to have one's back pounded.” Again, the context determines the
+                        interpretation. When the barber asks you <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ yào chuí bèi
+                            ma?</foreignphrase>, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound
+                        your back rather than asking you to pound his.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ànmó</foreignphrase>: This is the noun “massage.” In recent
+                        years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a few
+                        in the TRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical
+                        clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā píxíe</foreignphrase>: “to shine shoes/to have one's
+                        shoes shined” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā</foreignphrase> is literally, “to wipe, to
+                        rub.”) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer
+                        of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no
+                        noun corresponding to English “a shoeshine.” The translation of the
+                        Reference List sentence using “a shoeshine” is idiomatic. Literally the
+                        sentence means, “is there someone who shines shoes here?” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cā
+                            píxiéde</foreignphrase> is a noun phrase meaning “someone who shines
+                        shoes, a shoe shiner.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú húzi</foreignphrase>: “to grow a beard,” literally
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú</foreignphrase>, “to leave, to let be,” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">húzi</foreignphrase> “beard, mustache.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue on Part 1</title>
+                    <para>Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a
+                        barber's chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liǎngbiān me...:</foreignphrase> me indicates hesitation,
+                        indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words “as
+                        for.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A barbershop in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. An American goes
+                        into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting
+                        area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits
+                        down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times
+                        before, the barber and he are already acquainted.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi shíjiān na</foreignphrase>: Na is a contraction of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ne</foreignphrase> and
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">a</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bú cuò</foreignphrase>: “not bad, pretty good” (MTG
+                        2)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào nèibianr zuò</foreignphrase>: The
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase> is omitted from this phrase.</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <para/>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to do hair” or “to have one's
+                        hair done” (See the Reference Notes for part I on <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ
+                            tóu</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuí bèi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā
+                            píxié</foreignphrase>.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùyuē</foreignphrase>: “to make an appointment” literally
+                        “beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively new PRC usage; this
+                        word used to have only the meanings “a preliminary agreement” or “to
+                        pre-order a book which has not be published.” In Taiwan (or the PRC for that
+                        matter), you may use instead the phrase <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiān yuē yige
+                            shíjiān</foreignphrase>, “to arrange a time forehand.” Appointments are
+                        not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the
+                        PRC or Taiwan.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèntí</foreignphrase>: “problem or
+                            “question.”<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> méi (yǒu) wèntí</foreignphrase> is just like
+                        the English “no problem.” In addition to its literal meaning of “There is no
+                        problem,” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi wèntí</foreignphrase> can also “be used to
+                        assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kě bu kéyi qǐng ni gěi wo wèn zhèijiàn
+                                                shì?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Could you please ask about this matter for
+                                            me?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>No problem.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase>: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3
+                        of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fēn</foreignphrase> originally meant “one tenth.” You
+                        have also seen it meaning “one cent” (1/10 of a dime,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máo</foreignphrase>). As a unit of length,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase> is one tenth of a Chinese inch
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase>). We have drawn a ruler marking off
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cùn</foreignphrase> (“inches”) and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fēn</foreignphrase> so that you can contrast it with our
+                        American (British) inch.<inlinemediaobject>
+                            <imageobject>
+                                <imagedata fileref="../images/mesures.png" width="14cm"/>
+                            </imageobject>
+                        </inlinemediaobject></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu diǎn</foreignphrase>: Used before a state verb, you
+                        (yì)diǎn means “a little, slightly,” as in:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn rè</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>a little hot</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn nán</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>a little difficult</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The use of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu yìdiǎn</foreignphrase> deserves your special
+                        attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake
+                        of saying <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn nán</foreignphrase> (which is incorrect) for
+                        “a little difficult” instead of the correct form<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> yǒu yìdiǎn
+                            nán</foreignphrase>. Remember to put in that
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǒu</foreignphrase>!</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìyishi</foreignphrase>: “to try, to give it a try”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shì</foreignphrase> is “to try” in the sense of “to
+                        experiment.” It does not mean “try” in the sense of “to make an effort” to
+                        do something.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yídìng</foreignphrase>: “certainly, surely, for sure,
+                        definitive(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means “I think it will surely be
+                        good-looking,” which can be translated more smoothly as “I'm sure it will
+                        look good.” The phrase “I'm sure ...” will often translate into Chinese as
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ... yídìng ...</foreignphrase> , for
+                            example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng
+                                                xǐhuan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sure you'll like it.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng tā yídìng
+                                                lái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sure he'll come.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng tóufa</foreignphrase>: “to get a permanent” The use of
+                        the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase> for “to get a permanent” has an
+                        interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the
+                        language rather than borrow from other languages.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tàng</foreignphrase> originally meant (and still does)
+                        “to scald” or “to apply heat to” something. For example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng
+                            yīfu </foreignphrase>means “to iron clothes.” The earliest methods for
+                        giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> (as in other parts of the world)
+                        electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diàn tàng</foreignphrase>, “electric permanent.” After
+                        the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng</foreignphrase> continued to be used, even though no
+                        heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lěng tàng</foreignphrase>, “cold permanent.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn</foreignphrase>: “to curl, to roll up” You will find
+                        this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the area of hair styling. It is
+                        the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and
+                        building materials. [Curly hair is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎnfà</foreignphrase>,
+                        straight hair is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhífà</foreignphrase>.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuǐgān</foreignphrase>: “to blow-dry”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuǐ</foreignphrase> is “to blow, to puff” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān</foreignphrase> is the adjectival verb “to be dry.”
+                        These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the
+                        action and the result: “to blow until dry” or “to blow with the result that
+                        (something) becomes dry.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Chuīgān</foreignphrase> and the English word “blow-dry,”
+                        look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can
+                        leave off the word “blow” and just say “to dry someone's hair,” whereas in
+                        Chinese you cannot use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān</foreignphrase> to mean the action
+                        of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use
+                        another verb with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gān</foreignphrase> in order to tell the
+                        action which caused the drying. For example,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cāgān</foreignphrase> means “to wipe (something)
+                        dry.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                <para>A Canadian woman (C) walks into the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>
+                    Hotel hairdresser's. First she talks with the cashier in front (A). Later the
+                    hairdresser (B) calls her.</para>
+                <para/>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                <para>Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on giving
+                    the woman her change.</para>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                <para>Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the
+                    hairdresser.</para>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hěn hǎo kànde</foreignphrase>: The -de here means “hat's how it
+                    is.” This usage is typical of southern dialects.</para>
+                <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎndiǎn</foreignphrase>: “a very little bit”, less than
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yìdiǎn</foreignphrase>.</para>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>: “eyeglasses” Don't mix this up
+                        with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìng</foreignphrase>, “eye.” In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> speech these words are pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjìngr</foreignphrase> (“eyeglasses”) and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yǎnjing</foreignphrase> (“eye”), keeping them even more
+                        distinct from each other.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhīpiàoběn</foreignphrase>: “checkbook”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhípiào</foreignphrase> is a “check,” literally
+                        “pay-ticket.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běn(r)</foreignphrase> is a booklet.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: “to bring” This word sounds exactly
+                        like another you learned in Unit 2, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>, “to
+                        wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).” They
+                        are different words, however, written With different characters ( 带 for “to
+                        bring” and 戴 for “to wear”). The translation of the first Reference List
+                        sentence is idiomatic; we would say “I have ... with me” or “I have ... on
+                        me” when Chinese says literally, “I have brought... .”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase>: “notebook,” literally “small
+                        book.” In Reference List sentence No. 2,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoběnzi</foreignphrase> is translated specifically as
+                        “address book.” Actually the word is more neutral in meaning (“notebook,
+                        booklet”), but picks up the specific translation from the context.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiāngzi</foreignphrase>: “box, trunk, case”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāngzi</foreignphrase> corresponds to the English
+                        “suitcase,” while <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xíngli</foreignphrase> is the equivalent of
+                        “luggage.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēnbàodān</foreignphrase>: “declaration form”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēnbào</foreignphrase> is the verb “to report to a
+                        higher body, to declare something at customs.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dān</foreignphrase> is the noun meaning “bill, list,
+                        note.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě zai shēnbàodānshang</foreignphrase>: “write it on the
+                        declaration form.” Notice that the place phrase (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài ...
+                            shang</foreignphrase>) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in its
+                        usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of the
+                        activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the
+                        verb (a position where other “results” also show up). Compare these two
+                        sentences: <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài zhuōzishang xiě
+                                                zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Write (with paper) on the desk.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú yào xiě zai
+                                                zhuōzishang!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't write on the desk! (Said to a child making
+                                            marks on the table.)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase>: “women, womankind” This the term for
+                        “women” in the general sense. The term <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǚrén</foreignphrase>
+                        is less polite and more biological: “female.” (in Taiwan,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fùnǚ</foreignphrase> refers only to married women.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǚde</foreignphrase> may be used for “women, woman.
+                        ”)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zhīdao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnǚ bú dài shǒushi, suóyi wǒ yě
+                            méi dài shǒushi lái</foreignphrase>: The first verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> means “to wear,” and the second verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase> is “to bring with one.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo kànkan</foreignphrase>: “open the
+                        suitcase for me to take a look” or “open the suitcase and let me take a
+                        look.” You have learned <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> as a main verb
+                        “to give” and as a prepositional verb meaning “for” (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni
+                            gěi wo huànhuan</foreignphrase>, “Please change it for me”). In
+                        Reference List sentence No. 9 you see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>
+                        used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following
+                            examples:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wǒ
+                                                kànkan</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>open the suitcase for me to take a look</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn gěi wǒmen
+                                                tīngting</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>read it aloud for us to listen</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng màozi gěi tā
+                                                dài</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎi nèidǐng màozi gěi tā
+                                                dài</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>buy that hat to give it to me</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò nèige diǎnxīn gěi háizi
+                                                chī</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>make that pastry for the child to eat</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>When <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> comes after the verb, it can mean
+                        either “to give” or “for, let.” For example, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ nèiběn shǔ
+                            náchulai gěi wo kànkan</foreignphrase> could mean either “Take out the
+                        book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR “Take out the book for me
+                        to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context will
+                        help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.</para>
+                    <para>CAUTION: Although <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> is sometimes
+                        idiomatically translated as “to let,” you should not take this to mean that
+                        English “to let” may always be translated into Chinese with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>. There is a very limited
+                        correspondence between “let” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase>. Usually
+                        you will translate “to let” as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>, which is
+                        introduced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Méi shì le</foreignphrase>: “Everything is all right now”
+                        OR “There's no further business.” Here, this means “Now that I've looked
+                        over your suitcase I find that there isn't anything further we need to take
+                        up.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùbeihǎo le</foreignphrase>: “prepared” You have already
+                        learned the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǔnbèi</foreignphrase>, “to prepare, to get
+                        ready” or “to plan to.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yùbei</foreignphrase> is a close
+                        synonym. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yùbeihǎo</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùnbèihǎo</foreignphrase> both mean “to get all ready.”
+                        The ending <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-hǎo</foreignphrase> on certain verbs indicates
+                        bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>An American woman is going through customs in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Guǎngzhōu</foreignphrase> (Canton).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for part 1</title>
+                    <para>A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave
+                        on a trip.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to take photographs” (WLF
+                        6)</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>: “apartment building,” literally
+                        “public residence” In the PRC, the word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase> is seldom used (only in the names
+                        of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely
+                        used. “Apartment building” may be translated as either
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyùlōu</foreignphrase>.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Gōngyù</foreignphrase> is sometimes used for an
+                            “apartment.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐmende gōngyù yǒu jǐjiān
+                                                fángjiān?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>How many rooms does your apartment have?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But you would use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dānyuán</foreignphrase>, “unit,” not
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase>, for “apartment” in:</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige gōngyùlóu yǒu duōshao dānyuán?</foreignphrase> How
+                        many apartments are there in this apartment building?</para>
+                    <para>Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his
+                        “apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. In other words, any type of
+                        residence—house or apartment—can be called a
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángzi</foreignphrase>. Use the word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gōngyù</foreignphrase> when you need to distinguish
+                        clearly between “apartment” and “house.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-jiǎn</foreignphrase>: This is the counter for rooms. Don't
+                        confuse it with the falling tone -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàn</foreignphrase>, the
+                        counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dài</foreignphrase>: This is the verb you learned meaning
+                        “to bring (along), to take (along).” Here it is used with the extended
+                        meaning of “to take” or “lead” someone to a place.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dài ni qù.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll take you there.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiàwu qǐng ni dài háizi dào gōngyuán
+                                                qu wánr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>In the afternoon, please take the children to the
+                                            park to play.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zūchuqu</foreignphrase>: “to rent out” The verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zū</foreignphrase> by itself means “to rent” in the
+                        opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the owner.
+                            Contrast:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ bǎ fángzi zūchuqu
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I rented out the house.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zūle yige
+                                            fángzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I rented a house (to live in).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kètīng</foreignphrase>: “living room,” literally,
+                        “guest-hall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào kètīng zuò yíxià</foreignphrase>: “go to the living
+                        room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào
+                            kètīng qù zuò yíxià</foreignphrase>. The verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qù</foreignphrase> is sometimes omitted after a
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dào</foreignphrase> phrase when the meaning of “go” does
+                        not need to be emphasized.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē chá</foreignphrase>: “to drink tea” This is not an
+                        involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a
+                        beverage, either. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hē chá</foreignphrase>, in a social setting
+                        means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea
+                        in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do
+                        justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two
+                        tips:</para>
+                    <orderedlist>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>Except with close friends, don't turn down a cup of tea when
+                                offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of
+                                communication as it is a beverage.</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                        <listitem>
+                            <para>Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant
+                                ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a
+                                double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk
+                                on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure
+                                tea.</para>
+                        </listitem>
+                    </orderedlist>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase>: “to seem, it seems as if” Use
+                        this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng bù
+                                            dong.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He seemed not to understand. OR He didn't seem to
+                                            understand.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng bú tài xǐhuan zhèige
+                                                fāngzi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You don't seem to like this house too much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng zài xiǎng shénme
+                                                shì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You seem to be thinking about something.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gēge hǎoxiàng chángcháng shēng
+                                                bìng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>His older brother seems to get sick very
+                                            often.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is sometimes used merely to
+                        express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his
+                        suspicion. In such sentences, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hǎoxiàng</foreignphrase> is
+                        best translated as “it seems to me that ...”or “I think ...” or “I seem to
+                        remember ... .” Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the
+                            same.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ hǎoxiàng zài nǎr kànjianguo zhèige
+                                                zì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It seems to me I've seen this character somewhere
+                                            before.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn
+                                                shìqing.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I seem to remember your telling me about this
+                                            before.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nèige shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù
+                                                zài Jiāzhōu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>At that time, he was still living in California, I
+                                            think.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Měiguo hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu
+                                                dui?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It seems to me you don't have this in America, do
+                                            you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase>: “to. clean,” literally “to do
+                        sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase>, “to do,” originally a word found in
+                        southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard
+                        Chinese, even in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>. In Taiwan,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo</foreignphrase> does not have as wide a usage as in
+                        the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 1949 using this
+                        verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase>: “to be troublesome, to be a
+                        nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module, you learned the verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase> for “to bother, to inconvenience
+                        (someone),” as in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Máfan nǐ le</foreignphrase>, “Sorry to
+                        trouble you.” Here you learn <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">máfan</foreignphrase> as an
+                        adjectival verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nà tài máfan
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That's too much trouble.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhēn máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What a bother.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>: “usually, generally, ordinarily”
+                        Like other two-syllable time words, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngcháng</foreignphrase>
+                        may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Píngcháng wǒmen dōu zài kètīng kàn diànshì.</foreignphrase>
+                        We usually watch television in the living room.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒmen píngcháng dōu zài kètíng kàn
+                                                diànshì.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>We usually watch television in the living
+                                            room.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ píngcháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái xià
+                                                ban.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't usually get off work until nine
+                                            o'clock.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase>: “to straighten up, to tidy up (a
+                        place)” or “to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things).” Use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shōushi</foreignphrase> when you're talking about
+                        neatening up a place, use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo wèishēng</foreignphrase> when
+                        you're talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎo qingjié </foreignphrase>“to (soap and water) clean”
+                        in Taiwan].<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hǎoxiàng yǒu bànnián méi shōushi
+                                                wūzi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half
+                                            a year.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kuài yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, wǒmen
+                                                yào zǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Pack your things quickly, we want to leave.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase>: Both of these words means
+                        “room, chamber.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wūzi</foreignphrase> is seldom used in
+                        Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fángjiān</foreignphrase> rather than
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wūzi</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàntīng</foreignphrase>: “dining room,” literally
+                        “meal-hall.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>: “to eat,” literally “eat food.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fàn</foreignphrase> is literally, “cooked rice,” but in
+                        the expression <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase> it refers to food in
+                        general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object,
+                        like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niàn shū</foreignphrase>, “to study” or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuō huà</foreignphrase> “to speak.” (See BIO, Unit 7.)
+                        This verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase> may, of course, be followed by
+                        a specific object such as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">píngguǒ</foreignphrase>, “apples,”
+                        as in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ chīle yíge
+                                            píngguǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I ate an apple.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>But if you mean “eat” in the sense of “to eat food” or “to have a meal,”
+                        then you should use the general object
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fàn</foreignphrase>:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ chī fàn le
+                                            méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuì ài chī
+                                            fàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He loves to eat most of all.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò fàn</foreignphrase>: “to cook,” literally “to make
+                        food.” This is another verb general object combination. As with
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī fàn</foreignphrase>, the verb alone may be used with
+                        more specific objects.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chúfáng</foreignphrase>: “kitchen,” literally
+                        “kitchen-room.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐzǎofáng</foreignphrase>: “bathroom” This is a room for
+                        taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xǐzǎo</foreignphrase>, which is introduced in Part III of
+                        this unit, means “to take a bath.” Remember, if you want to ask where there
+                        is a toilet, ask for the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase>, “toilet;” or
+                        use the polite Westernized term, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐshǒujiān</foreignphrase>,
+                        “washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cèsuǒ</foreignphrase> is.</para>
+                    <para>In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the
+                        same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the
+                        1950's may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings
+                        built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment,
+                        and no bathtub.</para>
+                    <para>You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many
+                        people even consider it polite to put one's hand in front of the mouth when
+                        asking <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cèsuǒ zài náli?</foreignphrase> Another polite way to
+                        ask is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ keyi yòng yixià nǐmende cèsuǒ ma?
+                        </foreignphrase>“May I use your toilet?”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūfáng</foreignphrase>: “study,” literally
+                        “book-room.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòfáng</foreignphrase>: “bedroom,” literally
+                        “sleeping-room.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wòfáng</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wòshì</foreignphrase> are both used for “bedroom.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American
+                        couple in Taipei.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note after the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào Táizhōng qu le:</foreignphrase>
+                        “My husband has gone to T'aichung on business.” More literally, “My husband
+                        had some business and went to T'aichung.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hái kéyi</foreignphrase>: Literally “still okay,” this
+                        phrase actually means “isn't too bad.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐng</foreignphrase>: “to wake up” This is a process verb.
+                        It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or
+                        consciousness: “to become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.” In
+                        completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative
+                        sentences you will see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">méi</foreignphrase> (not
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bù</foreignphrase> — this is not a state verb. Some of
+                        the quirks you faced with a verb like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bìng</foreignphrase>
+                        “to get sick,” not “to be sick”), you also face here. When you are thinking
+                        in English of “He IS NOT awake,” you should think “He HAS NOT awakened” in
+                            Chinese.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐngle
+                                            méiyou?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hái méi
+                                            xǐng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He is not awake yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiào</foreignphrase>: “to ask, to order, to tell (someone
+                        to do something)” This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its
+                        object precede the verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Fùqin jiào hàizimen
+                                                huílai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The father told the children to come back.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jiào ta
+                                            guòlai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Ask him to come over.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì jiào</foreignphrase>: “to sleep, to go to
+                            bed”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù shuì jiào
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He went to bed at eight o'clock (already).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ jǐdiǎn zhōng shuì
+                                                jiào?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What time do you go to bed?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā měitiān shuì bāge
+                                                zhōngtóu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He sleeps eight hours a night.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuìde hǎo bu
+                                            hǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you sleep well?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shuìhǎole
+                                            ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you sleep well? OR Have you finished
+                                            sleeping?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yá</foreignphrase>: “to brush teeth” Besides brushing
+                        teeth, you can <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā yǐfu</foreignphrase>, “brush clothes,”
+                        and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā xié</foreignphrase>, “brush (off) shoes.” Do not use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuā</foreignphrase> for use for brushing hair, however
+                        [see <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shū tóu</foreignphrase> “to comb or brush one's hair”,
+                        WLF, Unit 3)]. [The noun for a “brush” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuāzi</foreignphrase>.J</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">niúnǎi</foreignphrase>: Literally, “cow-milk,” and used
+                        only to refer to cow's milk. The word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nǎi</foreignphrase> by
+                        itself does not specify the kind of milk.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bào</foreignphrase>: “to embrace, to hug” people, or “to
+                        hold in one's arms” a child, package, etc.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lái, baba gěi ni
+                                                bàobao.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Come, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is
+                                            handed from mother to father)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Āyí</foreignphrase>: “auntie” This is a term of address
+                        used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shuì wǔjiào</foreignphrase>: “to take an afternoon nap,”
+                        literally, “sleep noon-nap.” The <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wǔjiào</foreignphrase>, a
+                        nap after lunch, is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and
+                        schools give time off every day for this purpose.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase>: “to heat, to cook” (Another meaning
+                        is “to burn.”) Since the verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shǎo</foreignphrase> by itself
+                        means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you want
+                        to indicate “boiling” or “heated up.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù shāo diǎnr
+                                            shuǐ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'll go put some water on (the stove).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Rè shuǐ shāohǎo le</foreignphrase>. The hot water has been
+                        heated up.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shuǐ yǐjīng shāokāi
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The water is already boiling.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎlù</foreignphrase>: “paved road.” This is the word
+                        usually used for paved city streets. <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Mǎlù</foreignphrase> is
+                        literally “horse-road,” that is, a road on which horses and people can go. A
+                        theory has also been advanced that the <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎ</foreignphrase> is
+                        a transliteration of the first syllable of “macadam” (a road made with
+                        layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiǎoxīn</foreignphrase>: “to be careful,” literally
+                            “small-heart.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">É, xiǎoxīn
+                                            diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Hey, be a little more careful!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shūshu</foreignphrase>: “uncle” This is a term of affection
+                        used by children for older male friends of the family.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Huìmǐn</foreignphrase>) and father
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>) are at home:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para>“<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíng</foreignphrase>” is the wife's affectionate
+                        abbreviation of her husband's name,
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tíngsōng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">è</foreignphrase>: “to be hungry”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
+    </section>
+    <section>
+        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt, to ache” When talking about
+                        body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern. For example “I have a
+                        headache,” in Chinese is literally ”As for me, the head
+                            hurts”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǒu</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>As for me,</entry>
+                                        <entry>head</entry>
+                                        <entry>hurts.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “to catch a cold; a cold” This may
+                        be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say “to have a bad cold,” use
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gǎnmào hěn lìhai</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lìhai</foreignphrase> meaning “severe.”]<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gǎnmào le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've caught a cold.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde gǎnmào hǎo yidiǎn le
+                                                ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Is your cold a little better now?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāshāo</foreignphrase>: “to have a fever,” literally,
+                        “develop-fever” This may be used as a state or a process: <variablelist>
+                            <varlistentry>
+                                <term>STATE</term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                    <para>
+                                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <tbody>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I have a fever.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ bù fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I don't have a fever.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
+                                                  >Wǒ yǒu diǎn fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I'm a little feverish.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                </tbody>
+                                            </tgroup>
+                                        </informaltable>
+                                    </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                            </varlistentry>
+                            <varlistentry>
+                                <term>PROCESS</term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                    <para>
+                                        <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                                <tbody>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāshāo
+                                                  le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I have a fever (more literally, “I have
+                                                  developed a fever”).</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi
+                                                  fāshāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>I don't have a fever (more literally “I
+                                                  haven't developed a fever”).</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                  <row>
+                                                  <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāshāo yǐhòu jiu bù xiǎng
+                                                  chī dōngxi le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                                  <entry>After the fever came on, I didn't feel like
+                                                  eating anything.</entry>
+                                                  </row>
+                                                </tbody>
+                                            </tgroup>
+                                        </informaltable>
+                                    </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                            </varlistentry>
+                        </variablelist>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī diǎn zhèige yào</foreignphrase>: “take some of this
+                        medicine,” literally, “eat medicine,” is the way to say, “to take medicine.”
+                        Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">hē</foreignphrase>, “to drink,” but one still usually
+                        says <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chī</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn dàifu</foreignphrase>: “to see a doctor” Also
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn yīshēng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
                         <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
                             <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
                             <tbody>
                                 <row>
-                                    <entry>Āiya, wǒde tiān na!</entry>
+                                    <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi qù kàn
+                                        dàifu.</foreignphrase></entry>
                                 </row>
                                 <row>
                                     <entry/>
                                 </row>
                                 <row>
-                                    <entry>Oh my heavens!</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Tiān zhǐdao!</entry>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry/>
-                                </row>
-                                <row>
-                                    <entry>Heaven only knows!</entry>
+                                    <entry>I have to go see a doctor.</entry>
                                 </row>
                             </tbody>
                         </tgroup>
-                    </informaltable></para>
-                <para>qíng: “to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qíng le, the marker le
-                    tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky
-                    is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared
-                    up.</para>
-                <para/>
+                    </informaltable>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ kàn shénme?</foreignphrase>: In another context, this
+                        could mean “What are you looking at?” Here, however,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn</foreignphrase> is used in the sense of “to have (a
+                        medical complaint) treated” or “diagnosed” by a doctor.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù kàn gǎnmào le
+                                                ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Did you go have that cold of yours treated?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hóulong bú tài shūfu, děi qù
+                                                kànkan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My throat doesn't feel too well; I'll have to go get
+                                            it treated.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèige bìng děi dào dà yīyuàn qù
+                                                kàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>For this illness you have to go to a large hospital
+                                            to get it treated.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">késou</foreignphrase>: “to cough”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē</foreignphrase>: (1) “department of internal
+                        medicine” (of a hospital), or (2) “internal medicine” (as a field).
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèi</foreignphrase> means “internal” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kē</foreignphrase> means either (1) “department, section”
+                        or (2) “branch (of a study).”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase>: “doctor,” literally, “heal-er.” In
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bēijǐng</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàifu</foreignphrase> is the more conversational word and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yīshēng</foreignphrase> the more formal. In Taiwan,
+                        however, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàifu</foreignphrase> is not used much.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">nèikē yishēng</foreignphrase>: “physician”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē</foreignphrase>: (1) “department of surgery” (of a
+                        hospital), or (2) “surgery,” (the branch of medicine).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàikē yīshēng</foreignphrase>: “surgeon”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tòng</foreignphrase>: “to hurt, to ache,” another
+                        pronunciation for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsipilín</foreignphrase>: “aspirin” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">āsipilín</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">àsipilíng</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">àsipǐlíng</foreignphrase>.</para>
+
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialog for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A man from <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shànghài</foreignphrase> (A) is visiting his
+                        classmate (B) in Beijing.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialog for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a parent drops in on a neighbor
+                        to talk about his daughter's illness:</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Notes after the Dialog</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let, to allow, to have (someone
+                        do something)” This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in
+                        Unit 6.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">...duō xiūxi xiuxi</foreignphrase>: “rest a lot” The
+                        adjectival verb “to be many, to be much, to be a lot” is used here as an
+                        adverb modifying the verb “to rest”, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiūxi</foreignphrase>.
+                        As an adverb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> may mean “a lot,” “more,”
+                        or “too much,” depending on the context. In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō xiūxi
+                            xiuxi</foreignphrase> it obviously means “a lot” or
+                            “more.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐhòu, wǒ yào duō xiàng nín
+                                                xuéxí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>From now on, I shall learn from you more.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō shuō yě bù hǎo, shǎo shuō yě bù
+                                                hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It isn't good to say too much, nor is it good to say
+                                            too little.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi shì bu shi yào duō gěi
+                            qián?</foreignphrase> If you want to have your back pounded after a
+                        haircut, do you have to pay extra?</para>
+                    <para>Some students get into the bad habit of always translating
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> as “more.” Remember that the adverb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> can also mean either “a lot” or “too
+                        much.” Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started
+                        to eat, the host may say to you <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō chī yidiǎnr!
+                        </foreignphrase>Since you haven't yet touched the food this sentence cannot
+                        mean, “Have some more”; it simply means “Eat amply.” We might say in
+                        English, “Have as much as you like,” or “Help yourself.” Here are some more
+                        examples showing <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">duō</foreignphrase> does not always mean
+                        “more.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèizhǒng píngguǒ zènme piányi a? Nà wǒmen jiu duō mǎi
+                            diǎnr ba!</foreignphrase> These apples are this inexpensive? In that
+                        case, let's get a whole bunch of them!<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile yíge
+                                            rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>One person too many came.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā duō gěile shíkuài
+                                                qián.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He gave ten dollars too much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō mǎi
+                                            jǐběnr.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Buy a few extra volumes.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Contrast <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duō láile yíge rén</foreignphrase>, “One person
+                        too many came,” with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu láile yíge rén</foreignphrase>, “One
+                        more person came.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi</foreignphrase>: “belly, lower abdomen” This has often
+                        been translated as “stomach,” but actually when someone says
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi téng</foreignphrase> or <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi bu
+                            shūfu</foreignphrase>, they are most often referring to lower abdominal
+                        or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as
+                        “stomach,” in the looser sense of “belly,” for example:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige rénde dùzi hěn
+                                                dà.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>That man has a big stomach/belly.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ dùzi è le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm hungry. (Literally, “My stomach is
+                                            hungry.”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>A colloquial expression for “to be pregnant” is <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dùzi dà
+                            le</foreignphrase>, literally, “the abdomen has become big,” or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dà dùzi le</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè dù</foreignphrase>: “to have diarrhea” There are
+                        several expressions for “diarrhea” in Chinese; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè
+                            dù</foreignphrase> is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor,
+                        since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>, below.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yūn</foreignphrase>: “to be dizzy” Often used after
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu</foreignphrase>, “head”: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tóu
+                            yūn</foreignphrase>. Pronounced with the Falling tone,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase>, this word is used in the expressions
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn chē</foreignphrase>, “to be carsick/train sick,”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn</foreignphrase> chuan, “to be seasick,” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yùn fēijǐ</foreignphrase>, “to be airsick.”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ kàn shū kànde tóu dōu yūn
+                                                le!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've been reading so much that I'm dizzy!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>In this sentence, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> doesn't mean “all,”
+                        but “even, to such an extent that.” This type of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōu</foreignphrase> is always used with le at the end of
+                        the sentence.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tù</foreignphrase>: “to vomit” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎng
+                            tù</foreignphrase>, literally “to feel like vomiting,” means “to feel
+                        nauseous.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase>: “body temperature” Only used for the
+                        temperature of a body. [The general word for “temperature” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>, which is presented in Part 3 of
+                        this unit.] [<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǐwēnbiāo</foreignphrase> is a medical
+                        thermometer.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-dù</foreignphrase>: “degree” This noun does not take a
+                        counter.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wèibìng</foreignphrase>: “stomach trouble; gastric
+                        disease,” literally, “stomach illness.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dàbiàn bù tōng</foreignphrase>: “to be constipated”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dàbiàn</foreignphrase> (literally “major-convenience)”
+                        means “to have a bowel movement” or “feces.”
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiǎobiàn</foreignphrase>, “minor-convenience,” means “to
+                        urinate” or “urine.”) <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bù tōng</foreignphrase> means “doesn't
+                        go through, is blocked up.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: “to lie, to recline” Notice that the
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài</foreignphrase> phrase goes after the verb tang in
+                        the sentence <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni tǎng zài zhèr</foreignphrase>. This is
+                        because the zài phrase shows the result of the verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>: you end up being here
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zài zhèr</foreignphrase>) as a result of the action of
+                        lying (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase>).
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tāngxià</foreignphrase> or<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> tǎng
+                            xiàlái</foreignphrase> means “to lie down.” In some of the following
+                        sentences, notice that <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǎng</foreignphrase> corresponds to
+                        “be in bed.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gānmào le, tǎngle
+                                                yìtiān.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has
+                                            been in bed all day today).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā xǐhuan tǎngzhe kàn
+                                                shū.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He likes to read lying down.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǐjīng bādiǎn zhōngle, nǐ hái tǎngzhe
+                                                ne!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's eight o'clock already, and you're still in
+                                            bed!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǎngxialai xiūxi yihuǐr
+                                                ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Lie down and rest for a while.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shàngyǐ</foreignphrase>: “upper garments” [Also sometimes
+                        means “coat.”]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tuō</foreignphrase>: “to take off” (clothes, shoes) This is
+                        the opposite of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">chuān</foreignphrase>, “to put
+                            on.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài bǎ dàyī
+                                                tuōxialai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Come on and take off your coat.*</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zhèng tuōzhe yīfu, jìnlai yige
+                                                rén.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Right when he was taking off his clothes, someone
+                                            came in.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng ni tuōle xié zài
+                                                jìnqu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please remove your shoes before going in.**</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>*This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have
+                        thought that the use of the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài</foreignphrase>,
+                        usually translated as “hurry up and ...” sounds impatient and impolite.
+                        Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài</foreignphrase> indicates the host's concern that
+                        the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do
+                        so immediately.</para>
+                    <para>**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing
+                        shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every
+                        case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during
+                        dry weather.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase>: You have seen
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi</foreignphrase> meaning “to open.” Here it means “to
+                        write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shēng bìng</foreignphrase>: “to get sick”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shēng</foreignphrase> means literally, “to develop, to
+                        happen.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng bìng</foreignphrase> le means virtually the
+                        same thing as <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā</foreignphrase> bìng le.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Jīnnián chūntiān shēng bìngde rén hěn
+                                                duō.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Lots of people are getting sick this spring.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēng bìng shēngle liǎngge xīngqī
+                                                le, hái méi hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has been sick for two weeks now and hasn't
+                                            recovered yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái shēngzhe bìng ne, zěnme kéyi
+                                                chūqu?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You're still sick; how can you go out ?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā shēngde shi shénme
+                                                bìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What illness is it that he has?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lā dùzi</foreignphrase>: “to have diarrhea,” a more
+                        colloquial, but not at all improper, word for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiè
+                            dù</foreignphrase>.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā lā dùzi lāde hěn
+                                                lìhai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He has a bad case of diarrhea.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A man in Taipei calls a doctor's office to ask what he should do for his
+                        wife's illness.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase>, a young man (A) visits a
+                        clinic.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liáng</foreignphrase>: “to measure” You first saw this verb
+                        in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for
+                        taking temperatures. It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or
+                        the dimensions of a room.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tǐwēn</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù</foreignphrase>: Both of these are translated as
+                        “temperature” in the sentences above, but they should be distinguished.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tǐwēn</foreignphrase> is literally “body temperature” and
+                        thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wēndù</foreignphrase> is literally “temperature degree”
+                        and is generally used in measuring heat or cold.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ wūzilide wēndù shi
+                                                duōshǎo?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What's the temperature in your room?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>[There is another word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qìwén</foreignphrase>, literally
+                        “air temperature,” used, for example, in weather reports.]</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēndù bù gāo</foreignphrase>: “the temperature is not high”
+                        Normal body temperature (98.6' F) is 37° Celsius. Each additional degree
+                        Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase>: “boiled water” This is water that
+                        has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāishuǐ</foreignphrase> is served as a hot beverage,
+                        however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not
+                        good.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā</foreignphrase>: “blood pressure,” literally “blood
+                        pressure.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuěyā gāo</foreignphrase> is “high blood
+                        pressure,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuěyā dǐ</foreignphrase> is “low blood
+                        pressure.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiū</foreignphrase>: “acupuncture and moxibustion” Also
+                        pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhēnjiǔ</foreignphrase>. Acupuncture is a practice
+                        of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts
+                        of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This
+                        is based on the idea that the body's energy (qì) forms an integral system
+                        which must be maintained for good health. This is done by applying pressure
+                        or releasing pressure to restore the balance of qì. Moxibustion
+                        (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of
+                        herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on
+                        the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times, a slice of ginger
+                        is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng zhǎo zhēnjiū dàifu gěi ni
+                            kànkan?</foreignphrase>: This has been translated on the Reference List
+                        as “Do you want to sean acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English
+                        equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question
+                        might be: “Do you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you
+                        treatment?”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liúxíngxìng gǎnmào</foreignphrase>: “influenza, flu,”
+                        literally “epidemic cold.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liúxíng</foreignphrase>: the verb
+                        “to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common.”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Xìng</foreignphrase> means “quality, characteristic,”
+                        and when used as a suffix corresponds to
+                            “<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-esque</foreignphrase>” in “picturesque,” or “-like” in
+                        “childlike.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Liúxíngxìng</foreignphrase> is then “having the
+                        characteristic of being prevalent,” specifically “epidemic.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kāi dāo</foreignphrase>: “to operate; to be operated on,”
+                        literally “to open or operate the knife.”</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>In <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> a worker pays a return visit to
+                        a health clinic.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para>*<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kesou yishēng</foreignphrase>: Literally, “cough one
+                        sound.” -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Sheng</foreignphrase> is the counter for
+                        utterances.</para>
+                </section>
             </section>
         </section>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 2: Clothing</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 3: Hair Care</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 4: In the Home</title>
-    </section>
-    <section>
-        <title>Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties</title>
+        <section>
+            <title>Reference Notes</title>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 1</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 1</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase>: “too bad, oh darn, how terrible,
+                        what a mess,” literally, “rotten-cake.” This is used as an exclamation of
+                        dismay. It is often equivalent to “Oh no!”:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zāogāo! Wǒ wàngle dài fēijīpiào
+                                                le!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Oh, no! I forgot to bring the plane tickets!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As an adjectival verb, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zāogāo</foreignphrase> means “to be
+                        in a mess, to be in a bad state,” as in:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nàrde qíngxing hěn
+                                                zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>The situation there is a mess.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèiběn shū xiěde zhēn
+                                                zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This book is terribly written.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hěn zāogāo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He's in a very bad way.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yàoshi zhèige bìngrén láide zài wǎn
+                                                yìdiǎnr jiù zāogāo le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>If this patient had come any later than he did, he
+                                            would have been in a real mess (in big trouble).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>: “to lose” You can analyze the sentence
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wode hùzhào diū le</foreignphrase> this
+                            way:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hùzhào</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>As for my passport,</entry>
+                                        <entry>it has been) lost.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diào</foreignphrase> instead of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diū</foreignphrase>: <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde hùzhào diào
+                            le.</foreignphrase></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyì</foreignphrase>: “to translate, to interpret;
+                        translator, interpreter” Also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fānyi</foreignphrase> (with a neutral-tone
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yi</foreignphrase>).</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shìqing</foreignphrase>: “matter, affair, business, thing.”
+                        Shìqing refers to abstract things, while
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dōngxi</foreignphrase> refers to concrete things.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ zhízhào</foreignphrase>: “driver's license”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiàshǐ</foreignphrase> is “to drive (a vehicle).”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhízhào</foreignphrase> is a “license, permit.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase>: “to discover, to find, to find
+                            out”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr fāxiànle yige
+                                                wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I've discovered a problem here.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng xǐnde
+                                                yào.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This is a new kind of medicine which has just been
+                                            discovered.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The object of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase> may also be a
+                            clause:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ huílaile yǐhòu jiu fāxiàn tā yǐjīng
+                                                zǒu le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>When I came back I discovered tha the had already
+                                            left.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The expression <foreignphrase/> can often be translated as “I notice that
+                        ...”or “I find that ...”. It often prefaces a personal observation, as
+                            in:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde yǒu
+                                                háizi hěn máfan.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I find that many Americans feel that it's a lot of
+                                            trouble to have children.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ fāxiàn nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde
+                                                dōngxi.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I notice (or, “I get the impression”) that you like
+                                            new things very much.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>As a noun, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase> means
+                            “discovery”:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhèi shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode
+                                                fāxiàn.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>This is a very important discovery.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase>: “then and only then, not until” This
+                        adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: “not until this
+                        morning.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Cái</foreignphrase> is the opposite of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiù</foreignphrase>, the word for “then” when something
+                        happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cái</foreignphrase> describes a completed action, the
+                        verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">fāxiàn</foreignphrase> in sentence 6 cannot have -le.
+                        Here is another example:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zuótiān cái gàosu
+                                                wǒ.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He didn't tell me until yesterday.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>: “a little more quickly,” or
+                        as in No. 7, “soon.” <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Kuài yidiǎnr</foreignphrase> gives the
+                        impression of being even sooner than <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zǎo
+                            yidiǎnr</foreignphrase>. Both mean “soon.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">lǐng</foreignphrase>: “to receive, to get, to pick up, to
+                        collect” something that is issued or given (a prize, salary, materials,
+                        passport, etc.)</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase>: “otherwise,” literally
+                        “if-not-thus.” Like <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kěshi</foreignphrase> “but” and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dànshi</foreignphrase> “but, however,”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yàoburán</foreignphrase> always comes at the front of the
+                        clause in which it occurs.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù
+                                                wǎn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be
+                                            late.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ děi zuò fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài
+                                                màn le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I have to take a plane, otherwise it'll be too
+                                            slow.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>: “to take a picture,” literally,
+                        “illuminate-image.” You already learned
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngjī</foreignphrase>, “camera,” in WLF Unit 4,
+                        Part I. The counter for <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàng</foreignphrase> “-pictures” is
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhāng</foreignphrase> (the same one as for tables,
+                        sheets of paper and other flat things). <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào jǐzhāng
+                            xiàng</foreignphrase> thus means “to take a few pictures.” (When NOT
+                        using the word <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàng</foreignphrase> as the object of zhào,
+                        however, you should use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase> or
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàngpiàn</foreignphrase> for “photograph.”)</para>
+                    <para>Like many verb-object expressions, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào
+                            xiàng</foreignphrase> has the potential ambiguity of meaning either “to
+                        (verb) an (object )” or “to have an (object) (verb)-ed”: “to take a picture”
+                        or “to have one's picture taken.” You saw this with several verb-object
+                        expressions in Unit 3:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="3" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c3" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c4" colnum="3" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">jiǎn tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to cut hair</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's hair cut</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xǐ tóu</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to give a shampoo </entry>
+                                        <entry>to get a shampoo</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">guā húzi</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to shave</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have a shave</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">cā píxié</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to shine shoes</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's shoes shined</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tàng tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to give a permanent</entry>
+                                        <entry>to get a permanent</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">juǎn tóufa</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to curl hair</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's hair curled</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                        <entry>to take a picture</entry>
+                                        <entry>to have one's picture taken</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>For example, in the case of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>, a
+                        photographer might say <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ qù zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>, “I
+                        am going to take pictures”; but a person going to a photographer's studio
+                        might say the same sentence,<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> Wǒ qù zhào
+                        xiàng</foreignphrase>, meaning “I am going to have my picture taken.”</para>
+                    <para>The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes
+                        any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it
+                        perfectly clear which meaning is intended.</para>
+                    <para>With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on
+                        whom the action is performed, you have to use a
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> phrase (you can't make the person the
+                        direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to
+                        say “I'm going to take a picture of you,” say:<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ gěi nǐ zhào
+                                            xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm going to take a picture of you.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Likewise:<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā tàitai gěi ta jiǎn
+                                                tóufa.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>His wife cuts his hair.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a
+                        short exchange illustrating how <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhào xiàng</foreignphrase>
+                        might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up.
+                        (For this example you need to know <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàopiàn</foreignphrase>,
+                        “photograph,” and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhàoxiàngguǎn</foreignphrase>, “photography
+                            studio.”)<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="2" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ jīntiān zhào xiàng qu
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>Today I went to take pictures / to have my picture
+                                            taken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>B:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhào shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng
+                                                ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>What did you take pictures of? Did you take pictures
+                                            of scenery?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>A:</entry>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bú shì a. Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào,
+                                                děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng
+                                                tamen gěi wo zhào xiàng.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                        <entry>No. I'm going to get a passport and need photographs,
+                                            so I went to a photo studio and had them take my
+                                            picture.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Here “A” meant by his first sentence “Today I went to have my picture
+                        taken.” but “B” understood him to mean “Today I went to take
+                        pictures.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wàishì jǐngchá</foreignphrase>: “foreign affairs
+                        policemen,” those who Heal with foreign nationals.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 1</title>
+                    <para>A foreign official in <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijǐng</foreignphrase> talks with a
+                        Chinese colleague.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài nǎr diūd'a?</foreignphrase>: “Where did you lose it?”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">d'a</foreignphrase> is a contraction of
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">de</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">a</foreignphrase>.
+                        The whole sentence would be <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde
+                            a?</foreignphrase></para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 2</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes for Part 2</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase>: “someone” The question word
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">shéi</foreignphrase> “who” can also be used to mean
+                        “someone.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>: This is the prepositional verb which
+                        indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English “by” in passive
+                        sentences. In sentences with <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>, it is the
+                        subject (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tā</foreignphrase> in sentence 12) which received
+                        the action and the object of <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">bèi</foreignphrase>
+                            (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qǐchē</foreignphrase> in sentence 12) which did the
+                            action.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde zìdiǎn bèi xuésheng názǒu
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My dictionary was taken by a student.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bèi rén dǎsǐ
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He was beaten to death by someone.
+                                                (<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎsǐ</foreignphrase> is literally
+                                            “hit to death”)</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para/>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bèi</foreignphrase> has a special characteristic other
+                        prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its
+                        passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde xīn qìchē bèi zhuàng
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My new car was hit.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒde yǔsān bèi názǒu
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>My umbrella was taken.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">qí</foreignphrase>: “to ride/drive by straddling” While
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zuò</foreignphrase> is the verb “to ride” down, qí is the
+                        verb “to ride” used generally - and specifically when sitting with horses,
+                        motorcycles and bicycles.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">téngsǐ le</foreignphrase>: “to hurt a lot,” literally “to
+                        hurt to death (figuratively speaking)”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">liú xuě</foreignphrase>: “to bleed,” literally “to flow
+                        blood”; <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xuě</foreignphrase> is also pronounced
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiě</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xuè</foreignphrase>.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">tái</foreignphrase>: “to lift or carry (by two or more
+                            persons)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ zhèige zhuōzi
+                                                táijìnlái.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please carry this table in (with me or someone
+                                            else).</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Qǐng bǎ zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli
+                                                táishang chē qu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please carry (with me or someone else these two large
+                                            suitcases onto the train.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bǎ diànshì táixià 1óu
+                                                lai.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Bring the television downstairs with me.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòng</foreignphrase>: “to move (either oneself or something
+                            else)”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié dòng!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Don't move.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiān bú yào dòng
+                                            ta.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Let's not move him just yet.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Dòng</foreignphrase> can also mean “to touch” something, so
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Bié dòng</foreignphrase> can also mean “Don't touch
+                        it.”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dòngbuliǎo</foreignphrase>: “unable to move” The
+                            endings<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"> -deliǎo</foreignphrase> “able” and
+                            -<foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">buliǎo</foreignphrase> “unable” are used with action
+                        verbs to show the result of the action.<informaltable frame="none"
+                            rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zènme duō xíngli, wǒ yíge rén
+                                                nábuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I can't carry all this luggage by myself.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā kāi dāo bù jiǔ, hái zǒubuliāo
+                                                lù.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It hasn't been long since the operation. She's not
+                                            yet able to walk.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xià zhème dà yǔ. Xiànzài
+                                                zěubuliǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's raining so hard. We can't leave now.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">mǎshàng</foreignphrase>: “immediately, right away,”
+                        literally “on a horse”</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">dǎ diànhuà</foreignphrase>: “to make a phone call,”
+                        literally “to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you are calling, use the
+                        prepositional verb <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gěi</foreignphrase> “for,
+                            to.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ gěi shéi dǎ
+                                                diànhuà?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who are you calling?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Wáng yòu gěi ni dǎ diàn huà
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Lǎo Wáng</foreignphrase> called you
+                                            again.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>The noun <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase> by itself can mean either
+                        “telephone” or “telephone call.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ hái méiyou diànhuà
+                                                ma?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Are you still without a phone?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Yǒu nǐde
+                                            diànhuà.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>There's a call for you.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>Sometimes you can use <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">diànhuà</foreignphrase> where English
+                        would have “telephone number”: <informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐde diànhuà shi
+                                                duōshao?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is your telephone number?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhāojí</foreignphrase>: “to get upset, to get excited with
+                        worry, to feel anxious”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ tài zhāojí. Wǒmen zhèr méiyou
+                                                shénme wèntí.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>You're too anxious/worried. We don't have any
+                                            problems here.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kān</foreignphrase>: “to look after (something)” The verb
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kàn</foreignphrase> “to look, to see” changes tones when
+                        it means “to look after something.”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1"
+                            colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ qù Xiānggǎngde shíhou, shéi gěi ni
+                                                kān fángzi?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who'll be looking after your house when you go to
+                                            Hong Kong?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Shéi gěi ni kān
+                                            háizi?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for
+                                            you?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>: This is the marker of DURATION. It
+                        may be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts
+                        for some amount of time. In the sentence <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe
+                            ta</foreignphrase> “I'll stay here and look after him,” the speaker is
+                        saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-Zhe</foreignphrase> can be used whether the time is
+                        past, present or future.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā zài nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiǎo Lán
+                                                pǎojinlai gàosu ta bàba huílai
+                                            le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She was sitting there when <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Xiāo
+                                                Lán</foreignphrase> ran in and told her papa had
+                                            returned.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para>
+                        <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā hāi bìngzhe ne.</foreignphrase> He's still sick. (The
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase> tells you that the illness is
+                        lasting for some time. Without <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">-zhe</foreignphrase>, bin,
+                        means “get sick,” not “be sick. Ne tells you this is not a new situation
+                        [absence of change!]<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zuòzhe ba.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Sit for a while.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Dialogue for Part 2</title>
+                    <para>A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor
+                        cycle (A) who has Just had an accident with a pedestrian (C).</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+            <section>
+                <title>Part 3</title>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference List</title>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Reference Notes on Part 3</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">páizi</foreignphrase>: “sign, poster, plate,” also a “brand
+                        name, trademark”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ mǎide shi shénme páizide
+                                                zhàoxiàngjī?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What brand of camera did you buy?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nèige hóng páizishang xiěde shi
+                                                shénme?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>What is written on that red sign ?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhùyì</foreignphrase>: “to pay attention to, to take notice
+                            of”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ méi zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi
+                                                zǒude.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I didn't notice who he left with.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zhùyì diǎnr!</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Please pay a little more attention!</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi bù kéyi</foreignphrase>: “cannot” Of the three
+                        auxiliary verbs <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">néng</foreignphrase>,
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">huì</foreignphrase> and
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">kéyi</foreignphrase>
+                        is the one to use when the “can” or “cannot” is due to someone granting or
+                        withholding permission.</para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">yóuyǒng</foreignphrase>: “to swim”<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ huì bu huì yóuyǒng?
+                                            </foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>Can you swim?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Wǒ yóuyǒng yóude bú tài
+                                                hǎo.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I don't swim too well.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wéixiǎn</foreignphrase>: “to be dangerous, to be perilous”
+                        Also pronounced <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">wēixiǎn</foreignphrase>.<informaltable
+                            frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Zài Táiběi qí mōtuōchē tài wéixiǎn
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>It's too dangerous to ride a motorcycle in
+                                            Taipei.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú pà wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu yào
+                                                zuò.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>He's not afraid of danger. He'll do anything.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">gùyì</foreignphrase>: “intentionally, willfully, on
+                            purpose”<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā gùyì bǎ nèixie shū diū
+                                                le.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She lost those books on purpose.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú shi gùyì
+                                                (zuò)de.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase>: “to let, to allow, to cause (someone
+                        to do something).” This is a prepositional verb, i.e.
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">ràng</foreignphrase> and its object both precede the main
+                            verb.<informaltable frame="none" rowsep="1" colsep="1">
+                            <tgroup cols="1" align="center">
+                                <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1*"/>
+                                <tbody>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Tā bú ràng wǒ
+                                            zǒu.</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>She won't let me leave.</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Nǐ zěnme kéyi ràng tā zènme bù
+                                                gāoxìng?</foreignphrase></entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry/>
+                                    </row>
+                                    <row>
+                                        <entry>How could you make her so unhappy?</entry>
+                                    </row>
+                                </tbody>
+                            </tgroup>
+                        </informaltable></para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>First Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">Běijīng</foreignphrase> prohibited to foreigners, having
+                        failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls
+                        out to him.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">zhǐdao le</foreignphrase>: “now I know,” or “I understand”
+                        This is the marker le for new situations.</para>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Second Dialogue for Part 3</title>
+                    <para>An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in
+                        Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.</para>
+                    <para/>
+                </section>
+                <section>
+                    <title>Note on the Dialogue</title>
+                    <para><foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì bú yào zài lai le</foreignphrase>: “in the future
+                        don't come here again (any more).” In addition to meaning “next time,”
+                            <foreignphrase xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin">xiàcì</foreignphrase> can mean generally “in the
+                        future.”</para>
+                </section>
+            </section>
+        </section>
+        <section>
+            <title>Vocabulary</title>
+            <para/>
+        </section>
     </section>
     <section>
         <title>Appendixes</title>

OptionalModule-WLF/OptionalModule-WLF.xml.bak

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/rng/docbook.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
+<?xml-model href="http://docbook.org/xml/5.1/sch/docbook.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
+<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+    version="5.1">
+    <title/>
+    <para/>
+</chapter>