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@@ -464,63 +464,39 @@ Clothing
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PART I
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-1. Tā Jint iān chuānde yífu zhēn hǎo kàn. Wo xūyào jǐ jiàn xin yīfu.
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+1. Tā jīntiān chuānde yīfu zhēn hǎo kàn. The clothes she is wearing today are really pretty.
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-1. Wode dayI tai Jiù le, wǒ xiǎng mǎi (yí)jiàn xīnde.
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+2. Wǒ xūyào jǐjiàn xīn yīfu. I need some new clothes.
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-1». Beijīngde dōngtiān hěn lěng, ni yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde.
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+3. Wǒde dàyī tài jiù le, wǒ xiǎng mǎi (yí)jiàn xīnde. My coat is too worn, I want to get a new one.
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-Ni shénme shíhou qù tuzhuāngdiàn?
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+4. Běijīngde dōngtiān hěn lěng, nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde. Winter in Beijing is very cold; you need to buy a heavier one.
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-6. Gěi wo mǎi yìshuāng tuóxié, hǎo bu hǎo?
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+5. Nǐ shénme shíhou qù fúzhuāngdiàn? When are you going to the clothing store?
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-'!. Taiběi cháng xia yǔ, ni xūyào yǔyǐ, yǔxié.
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+6. Gěi wo mǎi yìshuāng tuóxié, hǎo bu hǎo? Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?
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-8. Wode yǔsǎn huài le.
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+7. Táiběi cháng xià yǔ, nǐ xūyào yǔyǐ, yǔxié. It often rains in Taipei; you need a raincoat and rainshoes.
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-9. WǑ hái xūyào yìtiǎo kūzi.
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+8. Wǒde yǔsǎn huài le. My umbrella has broken.
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-10. Chūntiān lái le, wo xiǎng mǎi bǎo yidiǎnde qunzi.
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+9. Wǒ hái xūyào yìtiǎo kūzi. I also need a pair of pants.
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-11. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yítào gànbufú.
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+10. Chūntiān lái le, wǒ xiǎng mǎi bǎo yidiǎnde qúnzi. Spring is coming; I’d like to buy a lighter skirt.
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-12. Wǒ shàngwu qù mǎile yìtiǎo kùzi he JiJiàn chènshān.
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+11. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yítào gànbufú. I’d like to buy a cadre suit.
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-13. xin
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+12. Wǒ shàngwu qù mǎile yìtiáo kùzi hé jǐjiàn chènshān. This morning I went and bought a pair of pants and a few shirts.
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-The clothes she is wearing today are really pretty.
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-I need some new clothes.
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-My coat is too worn, I want to get a new one.
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-Winter in Beijing is very cold; you need to buy a heavier one.
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-When are you going to the clothing store?
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-Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?
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-It often rains in Taipei; you need a raincoat and rainshoes.
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-My umbrella has broken.
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-I also need a pair of pants.
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-Spring is coming; I’d like to buy a lighter skirt.
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-I’d like to buy a cadre suit.
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-This morning I went and bought a pair of pants and a few shirts.
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-
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-to be new
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+13. xīn to be new
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REFERENCES MOTES ON PART 1
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-chuān: ”to put on, to don” (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, ”to put on,” where English uses a state verb, ”to wear.” You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say ”She's NOT WEARING her coat,” you actually say ”She PIDN’T PUT ON her coat,” Ta měi chuān dàyT.
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+chuān: “to put on, to don” (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, “to put on,” where English uses a state verb, “to wear.” You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say “She's NOT WEARING her coat,” you actually say “She DIDN’T PUT ON her coat,” Tā měi chuān dàyī.
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-Here are some example sentences using chuān ”to put on.”
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+Here are some example sentences using chuān “to put on.”
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-Wǒ chuānle yìshuāng hong xié. I’m wearing a pair of red shoes. (I’ve put on a pair of red shoes.)
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+Wǒ chuānle yìshuāng hóng xié. I’m wearing a pair of red shoes. (I’ve put on a pair of red shoes.)
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Wǒ méi chuān xié. I’m not wearing shoes. (I didn’t put on shoes. )
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@@ -528,13 +504,11 @@ Ní chuān bái xié ma? Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear white
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Wǒ bù chuān bái xié. I don’t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won’t wear white shoes. (INTENTION)
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-Chuān is not the only verb verb dài which is used for ments, Jewelry, and gloves.
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+Chuān is not the only verb meaning to put on in Chinese. There is another verb dài which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, jewelry, and gloves.
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-meaning to put on in Chinese. There is another wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, orna-
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+Dài is taught in Part II of this unit.
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-Dāi is taught in Part II of this unit.
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-xūyào: ”to need ”This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with bù.
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+xūyào: “to need” This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with bù.
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Wǒ xūyào qián. I need money.
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Wǒ xūyào shíjiān. I need time.
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@@ -542,118 +516,119 @@ Wǒ xūyào ta. I need her.
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Wǒ xūyào huàn qián. I need to change money.
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Tā xūyào zhīdao. He needs to know.
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--Jiàn: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dǒngxi, shìqing), and suitcases.
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+-jiàn: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dǒngxi, shìqing), and suitcases.
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-dayI: ”overcoat” literally ”big clothes”
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+dàyī: “overcoat” literally “big clothes”
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-Jiù; ”to be old, to be worn” This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete or abstract, but never people. CFor people, use lāo: Tā lāo le. ”She’s gotten old.”l
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+jiù; “to be old, to be worn” This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete or abstract, but never people. [For people, use lāo: Tā lǎo le. “She’s gotten old.”]
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-Na shi wǒde Jiù dìzhl. That’s my old address.
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+Nà shi wǒde jiù dìzhǐ. That’s my old address.
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-Tā háishi chuān Jiù ylfu. She’s still wearing old clothes.
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+Tā háishi chuān jiù yīfu. She’s still wearing old clothes.
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-māi (yí)jiān xínde: The number yí- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.
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+mǎi (yí)jiān xīnde: The number yí- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.
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-yào: ”to need” In sentence No. h, you see a new usage of yào (nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde ”you need to buy a heavier one”). In addition to meaning ”to want”, yào has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning ”to need” is one of the more common ones.
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+yào: “to need” In sentence №4, you see a new usage of yào (nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde “you need to buy a heavier one”). In addition to meaning “to want”, yào has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning “to need” is one of the more common ones.
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-hòu: ”to be thick” In sentence No. U (...nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidianrde...), hòu is translated as ”heavier.” The basic meaning of hòu is ”to be thick.”
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+hòu: “to be thick” In sentence No. 4 (...nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde...), hòu is translated as “heavier.” The basic meaning of hòu is “to be thick.”
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Zhèiběn shū hěn hòu. This book is very thick.
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-Yeli xiàde xuě hěn hòu. The snow that fell last night is very deep.
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+Yèli xiàde xuě hěn hòu. The snow that fell last night is very deep.
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-Báo ”to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.),” is often the opposite of hòu.
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+Báo “to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.),” is often the opposite of hòu.
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-tuōxié: ”slipper,” literally ”drag-shoes.” In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.)
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+tuōxié: “slipper,” literally “drag-shoes.” In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.)
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-huai: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process verb. As a state verb, huài means ”to be bad,” as a process verb, ”to go bad, to break.”
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+huài: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process verb. As a state verb, huài means “to be bad,” as a process verb, “to go bad, to break.”
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As a state verb:
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-Zuotiān tiānqi zhēn huài, Jīntiān hǎo le. Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's gotten better.
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+Zuótiān tiānqi zhēn huài, jīntiān hǎo le. Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's gotten better.
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-He! Tāde Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài, a? Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?
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+Hē! Tāde Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài, a? Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh?
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As a process verb:
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-Wǒ zhèizhl bǐ huài le. This pen of mine is broken.
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+Wǒ zhèizhǐ bǐ huài le. This pen of mine is broken.
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Zhèixiē júzi huài le, bú yào le. These tangerines have gone bad; we don't want them (throw them out).
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FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I
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-The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gāoxióng) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiao Hua is their daughter.)
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+The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gāoxióng) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiǎo Huá is their daughter.)
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+F: Zhèli fǔjìn yǒu hěn duō fúzhuāngdiàn, wǒmen qù mǎi yīfu, hǎo bu hǎo? There are a lot of clothing stores in this area; why don’t we go buy some clothes?
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-F: Zhèli fǔjìn you hěn duō fūzhuāng-diàn, women qù mǎi yīfu, hao bu hǎo? There are a lot of clothing stores in this area; why don’t we go buy some clothes?
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+M: Hǎo. Nǐ xiǎng mǎi shénme? All right. What would you like to buy?
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-M: Hǎo. Nī xiǎng mǎi shénme? All right. What would you like to buy?
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+F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìtiáo kùzi hé jǐjiàn chènshān. Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi yíjiàn dàyī. I’d like to buy a pair of slacks and a few shirts. I’d also like to buy an overcoat.
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-F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìtiáo kùzi he Jījiàn chènshān. Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi yíjiàn dàyī. I’d like to buy a pair of slacks and a few shirts. I’d also like to buy an overcoat.
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+M: Duì, nī chuānde zhèijiàn dàyī tài jiù le, wǒmen qù gěi ni mǎi jiàn xīnde. Right, this overcoat you’re wearing is too old. Let’s go buy you a new one.
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-M: Duì, nī chuānde zhèijiàn dàyī tài jiù le, wǒmen qù gěi ni mǎi jiàn xīnde. Right, this overcoat you’re wearing is too old. Let’s go buy you a new one.
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+F: Nǐ yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn xīn dàyī, shì bu shi? You need to buy a new overcoat too, don’t you?
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-F: Nī yě xuyào mǎi yíjiàn xīn dàyī, shì bu shi? You need to buy a new overcoat too, don’t you?
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+M: Duì le. Táiběide dōngtiān yǒu shíhòu hěn lěng, wǒmen yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnde dàyī. Wǒ hái xūyào mǎi jiàn yǔyī, yě yào gěi Xiǎo Huá mǎi yìshuāng yǔxié. Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes get very cold; we should buy heavier coats. I also need to buy a raincoat, and I want to buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo Hua, too.
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-M: Duì le. Táiběide dōngtiān you shíhòu hěn lěng, women yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnde dàyī. Wǒ hái xūyào mǎi Jiàn yūyī, yě yào gěi Xiǎo Hua mǎi yìshuāng yǔxié. Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes get very cold; we should buy heavier coats. I also need to buy a raincoat, and I want to buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo Hua, too.
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-F: Ou,, hai yào mǎi jīshuāng tuōxié. Oh, we should buy a few pairs of slippers, too.
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+F: Òu, hái yào mǎi jīshuāng tuōxié. Oh, we should buy a few pairs of slippers, too.
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-M: Hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài jiù qù. Okay, let’s go right now.
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+M: Hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài jiù qù. Okay, let’s go right now.
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SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
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An American of Chinese descent (M) has gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng. Here he talks with his cousin (F).
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-F: Jīntiān xiàwǔ wǒmen qù mǎi dōngxi zěnmeyàng? How about going shopping this afternoon?
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+F: Jīntiān xiàwǔ wǒmen qù mǎi dōngxi zěnmeyàng? How about going shopping this afternoon?
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-M: Hǎo. Nī yào mǎi shénme? Okay. What do you want to buy?
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+M: Hǎo. Nǐ yào mǎi shénme? Okay. What do you want to buy?
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-F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi jījiàn yīfu, tiānqi nuǎnhuo le, xūyào mǎi bǎode chènshān he qūnzi. I’d like to get a few clothes; the weather is warmer now, and I need to buy a lighter weight blouse and skirt.
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+F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi jǐjiàn yīfu, tiānqi nuǎnhuo le, xūyào mǎi bǎode chènshān hé qúnzi. I’d like to get a few clothes; the weather is warmer now, and I need to buy a lighter weight blouse and skirt.
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-M: Wǒ yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn chènshān, wǒ hái xiǎng mǎiyítào gànbufū. I also need to buy a shirt, and I’d like to buy a cadre suit, too.
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+M: Wǒ yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn chènshān, wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi yítào gànbufú. I also need to buy a shirt, and I’d like to buy a cadre suit, too.
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-F: Nǐ yào mai gànbufú? Nà, women yìqǐ qù fúzhuāngdiàn. ōu, duì le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuè cháng xià yǔ, nǐ you méiyou yǔxié, yǔsǎn? You want to buy a cadre suit? Then we’ll go to the clothing store together. Oh, right, it often rains in Beijīng in July and August, do you have rain shoes and an umbrella?
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+F: Nǐ yào mai gànbufú? Nà, wǒmen yìqǐ qù fúzhuāngdiàn. Ōu, duì le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuè cháng xià yǔ, nǐ yǒu méiyou yǔxié, yǔsǎn? You want to buy a cadre suit? Then we’ll go to the clothing store together. Oh, right, it often rains in Beijīng in July and August, do you have rain shoes and an umbrella?
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-M: Wode yǔxié tài jiù le, yǔsǎn yě huài le, dōu děi mǎi xīnde le. My rain shoes are too worn, and my umbrella is broken. I have to buy new ones of both.
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+M: Wǒde yǔxié tài jiù le, yǔsǎn yě huài le, dōu děi mǎi xīnde le. My rain shoes are too worn, and my umbrella is broken. I have to buy new ones of both.
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-F: Hǎo. All right.
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+F: Hǎo. All right.
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PART II
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REFERENCE LIST
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-14. Qǐngwèn, náli yǒu mài nèiyī nèikùde? Excuse me, where do they sell undershirts and underpants?
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+14. Qǐngwèn, náli yǒu mài nèiyī nèikùde? Excuse me, where do they sell undershirts and underpants?
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-15. Zhèjiàn ji'ákè shi nílóngde, shi ba? This jacket is made of nylon, isn’t it?
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+15. Zhèjiàn jiǎkè shi nílóngde, shi ba? This jacket is made of nylon, isn’t it?
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-16. Jìntiān hěn lěng, nǐ bu dài màozi ma? It’s cold today, aren’t you going to wear your hat?
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+16. Jìntiān hěn lěng, nǐ bu dài màozi ma? It’s cold today, aren’t you going to wear your hat?
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-17. Wǒ nèidǐng pò màozi tài nánkàn le, wǒ bù xiǎng dài. That old hat of mine looks awful, I don't want to wear it.
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+17. Wǒ nèidǐng pò màozi tài nánkàn le, wǒ bù xiǎng dài. That old hat of mine looks awful, I don't want to wear it.
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-18. Nǐde wàzi gòu bu gòu? Wǒ gěi ni mǎi jǐshuāng. Do you have enough socks? I’ll buy you a few pairs.
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+18. Nǐde wàzi gòu bu gòu? Wǒ gěi ni mǎi jǐshuāng. Do you have enough socks? I’ll buy you a few pairs.
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-19. A: Nǐ yào mǎi Jiákè háishi wàitào? Do you want to buy a jacket or a coat?
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+19. A: Nǐ yào mǎi jiákè háishi wàitào? Do you want to buy a jacket or a coat?
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B: Wǒ gěi wo xiānsheng mǎi jiákè, gěi wǒ zìjǐ mǎi wàitào. I want to buy a jacket for my husband and a coat for myself.
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20. Wǒ mǎile yìshuāng hēi yánsède píxié hé yitào shuìyī. I bought a pair of black shoes and a pair of pajamas.
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-21. A: Zhèli you ge shubāo, shi shéide? There’s a tote bag here; whose is it?
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+21. A: Zhèli yǒu ge sūubāo, shi shéide? There’s a tote bag here; whose is it?
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- B: À, shi wǒde, w3 wàng le. Oh, it’s mine, I forgot it.
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+ B: À, shì wǒde, wǒ wàng le. Oh, it’s mine, I forgot it.
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-22. A: W3de máoyī pò le. My sweater is worn through/torn/ damaged.
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+22. A: Wǒde máoyī pò le. My sweater is worn through/torn/ damaged.
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- B: Nà nī dǎi qù mǎi xīnde le. Then you have to go buy a new one
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+ B: Nà nǐ dǎi qù mǎi xīnde le. Then you have to go buy a new one
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REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II
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-nèiyī, nèikù: Nèi means ’’inner.” Nèikù means ’’underpants” (kù as in kùzi)~ Nèiyī means ”underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with nèikù takes on the specific meaning ”undershirt.” The yī means ”clothing, garment,” as in yīfu.
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+nèiyī, nèikù: Nèi means “inner.” Nèikù means “underpants” (kù as in kùzi)~ Nèiyī means “underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with nèikù takes on the specific meaning “undershirt.” The yī means “clothing, garment,” as in yīfu.
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-Jiākè: ”jacket,” a word borrowed from English. Jiākè refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a suit Jacket would be wàitào (see note below). Also pronounced Jiakè. In Beijing, this word has an -r~ ending.
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+jiākè: “jacket,” a word borrowed from English. Jiākè refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a suit Jacket would be wàitào (see note below). Also pronounced jiákè. In Běijīng, this word has an -r ending.
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-nílong: ”nylon,” another borrowing from English.
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+nílóng: “nylon,” another borrowing from English.
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-dài: ”to put on, to don” a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, Jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one’s apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I, when you use dài you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of ”to wear” to the idea of ”put on.” For ”Do you wear glasses?” you would say ”Do you put on glasses?’’: Nī dài bu dài yǎnjìng?* For ”She’s not wearing glasses” you would say ”She didn’t put on glasses”: Tā méi dài yǎnjìng. Contrast
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+dài: “to put on, to don” a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one’s apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I, when you use dài you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of “to wear” to the idea of “put on.” For “Do you wear glasses?” you would say “Do you put on glasses?”: Nī dài bu dài yǎnjìng? For “She’s not wearing glasses” you would say “She didn’t put on glasses”: Tā méi dài yǎnjìng. Contrast:
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Tā bú dài màozi. She doesn’t wear hats.
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OR
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@@ -665,45 +640,49 @@ Tā méi dài màozi. She didn’t put on a hat.
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OR
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She doesn’t have a hat on.
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-(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress Czài1, the marker for duration C-zhel, the marker for lack of change Cnel, etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)
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+(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress [zài], the marker for duration [-zhe], the marker for lack of change [ne], etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)
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--ding: The counter for màozi, ”hat. ’’ Literally, -ding means ”top.”
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+-dǐng: The counter for màozi, “hat.” Literally, -dǐng means “top.”
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-”yǎnjìng: ”glasses” (counter: -fù)
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+*yǎnjìng: “glasses” (counter: -fù)
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-pò: ”to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In pò màozi, ’’old/ worn/ tattered hat,” pò stands before a noun to modify it. Pò is also frequently used as a process verb, ”to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out.”
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+pò: “to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In pò màozi, “old/ worn/ tattered hat,” pò stands before a noun to modify it. Pò is also frequently used as a process verb, “to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out.”
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-Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò le? Let me have a look,-has your jacket been torn/worn through?
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+Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu shi pò le? Let me have a look, has your jacket been torn/worn through?
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-In Part I you learned huài, ”to go bad, to break.” Huài means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while pò means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiù in Part I had for one possible translation ”to be worn,” but jiù and pō are quite different: jiù le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas pò le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident.
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+In Part I you learned huài, “to go bad, to break.” Huài means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while pò means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiù in Part I had for one possible translation “to be worn,” but jiù and pō are quite different: jiù le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas pò le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident.
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-gòu: ”to be enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English ”enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with ”enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.
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+gòu: “to be enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English “enough”) before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with “enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.
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-Do you have enough socks? Are your socks enough? Nīde wàzi gòu bu gòu?
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+Do you have enough socks? Are your socks enough? Nǐde wàzi gòu bu gòu?
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I don’t have enough shirts My shirts aren't enough. Wǒde chènshān bú gòu.
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There aren't enough rice bowls. The rice bowls aren't enough. Fànwǎn bú gòu.
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-wàitào: This word has two meanings: (1) ”coat, overcoat,” and
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+wàitào: This word has two meanings:
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+
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+(1) “coat, overcoat,” and
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-(2) a ”jacket” which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A Jacket cut above the waist is jiākè.)
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+(2) a “jacket” which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is jiākè.)
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-zìjī: ”oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.” This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wǒ, tā, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhǒng, ”kind,” and for the last, you need to know zuò, ”to make.”)
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+zìjǐ: “oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.” This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nǐ, wǒ, tā, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhǒng, “kind,” and for the last, you need to know zuò, “to make.”)
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-Mǎi yīfu, zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xīhuande nèizhǒng. When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one likes oneself.
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+Mǎi yīfu, zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xǐhuande nèizhǒng. When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one likes oneself.
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-Nà shi wǒ zìjīde shi. That's my own business.
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+Nà shi wǒ zìjīde shì. That's my own business.
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Zhèi shi tā zìjī zuòde, bú shi mǎide. She made this herself, it isn't (store-)bought.
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-pixie: Western-style ”leather shoes,” a word commonly used where we would just say ”shoes,” since traditional Chinese shoes (bùxié) are made of cloth.
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+píxié: Western-style “leather shoes,” a word commonly used where we would just say “shoes,” since traditional Chinese shoes (bùxié) are made of cloth.
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-shuìyi: ”pajamas,” literally, ”sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tào, ”set.” (Although we say ”a pair of pajamas” in English, you cannot use the counter -shuāng in Chinese. -Shuāng is only for things that match, like shoes.) 2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -Jiàn.
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+shuìyī: “pajamas,” literally, “sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to.
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+1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tào, “set.” (Although we say “a pair of pajamas” in English, you cannot use the counter -shuāng in Chinese. -Shuāng is only for things that match, like shoes.)
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+2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -jiàn.
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-shūbāo: ”tote bag, carryall,” literally, ”book-sack.” Although still used with the original meaning of a student’s ”bookbag,” shūbāo has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. EThere are other words for ”tote bag,” but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first. 3
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+shūbāo: “tote bag, carryall,” literally, “book-sack.” Although still used with the original meaning of a student’s “bookbag,” shūbāo has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. EThere are other words for “tote bag,” but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first. 3
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-wàng: ”to forget; to forget to; to forget that”
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+wàng: “to forget; to forget to; to forget that”
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Nǐ wàng le ba? You've forgotten, haven’t you?
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@@ -713,209 +692,209 @@ Wo wàng(le) qù le. I forgot to go.
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Wǒ wàng(le) dài màozi le. I forgot to put on my hat.
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-Wǒ wàngle tā Jidiǎn zhōng lai. I forgot what time he is coming.
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+Wǒ wàngle tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái. I forgot what time he is coming.
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-Wǒ wàngle tā j iào shénme mingzi. I forgot what his name is.
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+Wǒ wàngle tā jiào shénme míngzi. I forgot what his name is.
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-Wǒ wàngle wǒ Jintiān méi kè. I forgot that I don’t have any classes today.
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+Wǒ wàngle wǒ jīntiān méi kè. I forgot that I don’t have any classes today.
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-máoyí: ”sweater,” literally, ”woolen-garment.”
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+máoyí: “sweater,” literally, “woolen-garment.”
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-Nà, ”in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,
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+Nà, “in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,
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Nà, wǒmen shénme shíhou qù? Then, when shall we go?
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-Nà ni děi qù mǎi xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.
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+Nà nǐ děi qù mǎi xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.
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FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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-Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)
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+Tiānjīn. In the home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)
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-F: Ni zuétiān bú shi shuō xiǎng qù mǎi nèiyi, nèikù ma? Didn't you say yesterday that you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants?
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+F: Nǐ zuótiān bú shi shuō xiǎng qù mǎi nèiyi, nèikù ma? Didn't you say yesterday that you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants?
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-M: Shi a! Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi Jiàn wàitào. Yes! I also want to buy an overcoat.
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+M: Shì a! Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi jiàn wàitào. Yes! I also want to buy an overcoat.
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-F: Mǎi wàitàor a?! Nǐ nèijiàn xīn jiākè bù hǎo ma? Buy an overcoat?! Isn’t that new Jacket of yours good?
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+F: Mǎi wàitàor a?! Nǐ nèijiàn xīn jiākè bù hǎo ma? Buy an overcoat?! Isn’t that new Jacket of yours good?
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-M: Hěn hǎo, kěshi tiānqi yǐjīng kāishǐ liáng le, nèijiàn jiákè tài bǎo, wǒ xiǎng mǎi jiàn xīn wàitào. It's very good, but the weather has already started to get cold, and that jacket is too light, so I'd like to get a new overcoat.
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+M: Hěn hǎo, kěshi tiānqi yǐjīng kāishǐ liáng le, nèijiàn jiákè tài bǎo, wǒ xiǎng mǎi jiàn xīn wàitào. It's very good, but the weather has already started to get cold, and that jacket is too light, so I'd like to get a new overcoat.
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-F: Nà women shénme shíhou qù? Then when shall we go?
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+F: Nà wǒmen shénme shíhou qù? Then when shall we go?
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-M: Ou, nǐ yě xiǎng qù a? Oh, you want to go too?
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+M: Òu, nǐ yě xiǎng qù a? Oh, you want to go too?
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-F: Wǒ xiǎng qù mǎi yítào shuìyǐ, mǎi liǎngshuāng nílóng wàzi. I'd like to go buy a pair of pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks.
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+F: Wǒ xiǎng qù mǎi yítào shuìyǐ, mǎi liǎngshuāng nílóng wàzi. I'd like to go buy a pair of pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks.
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-M: Ou, hǎo, nà women xiànzài jiù qù, hǎo bu hǎo? Oh, all right, then let's go right now, okay?
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+M: Òu, hǎo, nà wǒmen xiànzài jiù qù, hǎo bu hǎo? Oh, all right, then let's go right now, okay?
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-F: Hǎo, nǐ chuān nèijiàn jiākè gòu bu gòu? Tiānqi hěn lěng a! Okay. Will it be enough for you to wear that jacket? The weather is very cold!
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+F: Hǎo, nǐ chuān nèijiàn jiākè gòu bu gòu? Tiānqi hěn lěng a! Okay. Will it be enough for you to wear that jacket? The weather is very cold!
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-M: Gòu le, wǒ hǎi chuānle mǎoyī ne. It's enough. I have a sweater on too.
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+M: Gòu le, wǒ hǎi chuānle mǎoyī ne. It's enough. I have a sweater on too.
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-F: Ug, wǒde shūbāo ne? Huh, where's my tote bag?
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+F: Ng, wǒde shūbāo ne? Huh, where's my tote bag?
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-M: Nèige shūbāo shi bu shi? Is that tote bag it?
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+M: Nèige shūbāo shì bu shi? Is that tote bag it?
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-F: Bu shi, nà shi wǒ jiějiede. A! Zài zhèr! No, that's my older sister's. Ah! Here it is!
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+F: Bú shi, nà shi wǒ jiějiede. À! Zài zhèr! No, that's my older sister's. Ah! Here it is!
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-M: Hǎo le ba? All set?
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+M: Hǎo le ba? All set?
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-F: Hǎo le, zǒu ba! All set. Let's go!
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+F: Hǎo le, zǒu ba! All set. Let's go!
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NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
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-wǒde shūbāo ne?: Questions with ne frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, ”Where is my tote bag?”
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+wǒde shūbāo ne?: Questions with ne frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, “Where is my tote bag?”
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SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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-Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiǎo Ming is their son.)
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+Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiǎo Míng is their son.)
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-F: Yīngmíng, xǐhuan wǒ jintiān gěi nǐ maide zhèdīng màozi ma? Yīngmíng, do you like the new hat I bought for you today?
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+F: Yīngmíng, xǐhuan wǒ jīntiān gěi nǐ mǎide zhèdīng màozi ma? Yīngmíng, do you like the new hat I bought for you today?
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-M: Duōshǎo qián maide? How much did you pay for it?
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+M: Duōshǎo qián mǎide? How much did you pay for it?
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-F: Bu guì a! Nǐ bù xǐhuan? It wasn't expensive! You don't like it?
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+F: Bú guì a! Nǐ bù xǐhuan? It wasn't expensive! You don't like it?
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-M: Ou, hěn hǎo kàn. Nǐ shàngwǔ qù mai dōngxi la? Oh, it's nice. You went shopping this morning?
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+M: Òu, hěn hǎo kàn. Nǐ shàngwǔ qù mai dōngxi la? Oh, it's nice. You went shopping this morning?
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-F: Duì le. Right.
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+F: Duì le. Right.
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-M: Ní hái mǎile shénme le? What else did you buy?
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+M: Ní hái mǎile shénme le? What else did you buy?
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-F: Wǒ gěi nǐ mǎile liǎngjiàn chènshān. Wǒ kàn nǐ nàjiàn lán yánsède máoyī pole, hái gěi ni mǎile liǎngjiàn máoyī. Yíjiàn shi huángde, yíjiàn shi lude. NǏ kàn. Xǐhuan ma? I bought you two shirts. And since I saw that that blue sweater of yours is worn through, I also bought two sweaters for you. One is yellow and one is green. Look. Do you like them?
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+F: Wǒ gěi nǐ mǎile liǎngjiàn chènshān. Wǒ kàn nǐ nàjiàn lán yánsède máoyī pòle, hái gěi ni mǎile liǎngjiàn máoyī. Yíjiàn shi huángde, yíjiàn shi lüde. Nǐ kàn. Xǐhuan ma? I bought you two shirts. And since I saw that that blue sweater of yours is worn through, I also bought two sweaters for you. One is yellow and one is green. Look. Do you like them?
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-M: í5g, hěn hǎo kàn. Xièxie ni. They're very nice, Thank you.
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+M: Ng, hěn hǎo kàn. Xièxie ni. They're very nice, Thank you.
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-F: Wǒ hái gěi Xiǎo Ming mǎile nèiyī, nèikù, he Jǐshuāng wàzi. I also bought a few undershirts and underpants and a few pairs of socks for Xiǎo Ming.
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+F: Wǒ hái gěi Xiǎo Míng mǎile nèiyī, nèikù, hé jǐshuāng wàzi. I also bought a few undershirts and underpants and a few pairs of socks for Xiǎo Ming.
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-M: Nǐ gěi zìjī mǎi shénme le? What did you buy for yourself?
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+M: Nǐ gěi zìjī mǎi shénme le? What did you buy for yourself?
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-F: Wǒ zìjī mǎile yíjiàn Jiākè, yíjiàn wàitào, hái mǎile yìshuāng xié, yìshuāng hong yánsède píxié. I bought myself a jacket and an overcoat, and I also bought a pair of shoes, a pair of red leather shoes.
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+F: Wǒ zìjī mǎile yíjiàn jiākè, yíjiàn wàitào, hái mǎile yìshuāng xié, yìshuāng hóng yánsède píxié. I bought myself a jacket and an overcoat, and I also bought a pair of shoes, a pair of red leather shoes.
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-M: Hái yǒu méiyou? Anything else?
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+M: Hái yǒu méiyou? Anything else?
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-F: Mm . . . méiyou le. Um . . . no.
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+F: Mm... méiyou le. Um... no.
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-M: Nà nǐ wàngle gěi wo mǎi shuìyī le ba? Then you forgot to buy pajamas for me, didn't you?
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+M: Nà nǐ wàngle gěi wǒ mǎi shuìyī le ba? Then you forgot to buy pajamas for me, didn't you?
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-F: Ou! Wǒ wàng le! Wǒ míngtiān qù mǎi, hǎo bu hao? Oh! I forgot! I'll go buy them tomorrow, all right?
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+F: Òu! Wǒ wàng le! Wǒ míngtiān qù mǎi, hǎo bu hao? Oh! I forgot! I'll go buy them tomorrow, all right?
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-M: Hǎo. All right.
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+M: Hǎo. All right.
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+
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+Part 3
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REFERENCE LIST
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-22. Nǐ yào zuò shénmeyàngde yǐfu? What kind of clothing do you want made?
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+22. Nǐ yào zuò shénmeyàngde yīfu? What kind of clothing do you want made?
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-23. A: Wǒ yào zuò yíjiàn qipao. I want to have a cheongsam made.
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+23. A: Wǒ yào zuò yíjiàn qípáo. I want to have a cheongsam made.
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B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme liàozide? What material do you want it made from?
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A: Nǐ shuō yòng shénme liàozi hǎo? What material do you think would be best to use?
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- B: Women zhèli you hěn duō zhǒng liàozi, nín xǐhuan nǎyizhǒng? We have many different kinds of material here; which kind do you prefer?
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+ B: Wǒmen zhèli yǒu hěn duō zhǒng liàozi, nín xǐhuan nǎyizhǒng? We have many different kinds of material here; which kind do you prefer?
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24. A: Nǐ yào zuò shénme yàngzide? What style do you want it?
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- B: Wǒ xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. I like the one I have on.
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+ B: Wǒ xǐhuan wǒ shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. I like the one I have on.
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B: Nǐ kě bu kéyi zhào zhèige yàngzi zuò? Could you make it in this style?
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25. Wǒ gěi nín liáng chǐcùn, hǎo bu hǎo? I’ll take your measurements, all right?
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-26. Nǐ kànkan zhèijiàn miǎn *ǎo héshì bu héshì. See if this cotton-padded jacket fits you.
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+26. Nǐ kànkan zhèijiàn miǎn'ǎo héshì bu héshì. See if this cotton-padded jacket fits you.
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27. xīzhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit
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REFERENCE NOTES
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-zuò: ”to make,” but in the Reference List sentence it is used for ”to have made.” Zuò yǐfu has two possible meanings: ”to make clothes” or ”to have clothes made.” The context will usually make clear which is meant.
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+zuò: “to make,” but in the Reference List sentence it is used for “to have made.” Zuò yīfu has two possible meanings: “to make clothes” or “to have clothes made.” The context will usually make clear which is meant.
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-Zài Taiwan zuò yǐfu bù piǎnyi le. Having clothes made isn’t cheap in Taiwan any more.
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+Zài Táiwān zuò yīfu bù piányi le. Having clothes made isn’t cheap in Taiwan any more.
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-shénmeyàng: ’’what kind, like what”
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+shénmeyàng: “what kind, like what”
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-Nǐde dìtān shénmeyàngr? What is your carpet like?
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+Nǐde dìtǎn shénmeyàngr? What is your carpet like?
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-Laide rén shénmeyàngr? What did the person who came look like?
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+Láide rén shénmeyàngr? What did the person who came look like?
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Nǐ yàode dìtān shi shénmeyàngde? What kind of carpet is it that you want?
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Nǐde péngyou shi shénmeyàngde rén? What kind of person is your friend?
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-qipao: A close-fitting woman’s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ’’cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers to the Manchurian nationality; páo means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn hy Manchurian women.
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+qípáo: A close-fitting woman’s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a “cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers to the Manchurian nationality; páo means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qípáo comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn hy Manchurian women.
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-liàozi; ’’cloth, fabric, material”
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+liàozi; “cloth, fabric, material”
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-Nǐ shu5...: Literally, ’’You say...,” but often used as in this question to mean, ”In your opinion” or ”Do you think...”
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+Nǐ shuō... : Literally, “You say...,” but often used as in this question to mean, “In your opinion” or “Do you think...”
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--zhSng: ”kind, sort”
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+-zhǒng: “kind, sort”
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-Nǐde luxíng zhípiào shi na yizhǒngde? What kind are your traveler’s checks?
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+Nǐde lǚxíng zhípiào shi nǎ yizhǒngde? What kind are your traveler’s checks?
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-Nǐ qù nèizhěng dìfang zuò shénme? What did you go to that kind of place to do?
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+Nǐ qù nèizhǒng dìfang zuò shénme? What did you go to that kind of place to do?
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Zhèizhǒng júzi hěn guì. This kind of tangerine is very expensive.
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-yàngzi: (1) ”appearance,” (2) ”shape, form,” (3) ”style, design.”
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+yàngzi: (1) “appearance,” (2) “shape, form,” (3) “style, design.”
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Tāde yàngzi hěn hāo kàn. Her appearance is very attractive.
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-Kàn tā nèi yàngzi! Look at his appearance! (i.e., ”Get a load of him.”)
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+Kàn tā nèi yàngzi! Look at his appearance! (i.e., “Get a load of him.”)
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Nǐ shuōde nèige dōngxi shi shénme yàngzide? What does the thing you are talking about look like?
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-Tāde qipāode yàngzi hěn bú cuò. The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.
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+Tāde qípāode yàngzi hěn bú cuò. The style of her cheongsam is quite nice.
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Nǐde xīn yīfu shi shénme yàngzide? What’s the style of your new dress?
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-shēnshang: ”on one’s body, on one’s person”
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+shēnshang: “on one’s body, on one’s person”
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-Tā shēnshang you yíjiàn lán dàyī. He has a blue overcoat on.
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+Tā shēnshang yǒu yíjiàn lán dàyī. He has a blue overcoat on.
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Wǒ shēnshang méiyou qián. I don’t have any money on me.
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-Wode qián xiànzài dōu zài tā shēnshang. He has all my money with him right now.
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+Wǒde qián xiànzài dōu zài tā shēnshang. He has all my money with him right now.
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kě bu kéyi: another way to say kéyi bu kéyi.
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-zhào: ’’according to”
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+zhào: “according to”
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Jiù zhào zhèige niàn. Just read it the way it is here (according to this).
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Jiù zhào zhèige páijià huàn ba! Just exchange it according to this exchange rate.
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-Wǒ Jiù zhào nǐde yìsi xie, hāo bu hǎo? I’ll just write it the way you want it written, all right?
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+Wǒ jiù zhào nǐde yìsi xiě, hǎo bu hǎo? I’ll just write it the way you want it written, all right?
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-liáng: ”to measure”
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+liáng: “to measure”
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-Nǐ gěi wo liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu gòu. Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's enough.
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+Nǐ gěi wǒ liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu gòu. Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's enough.
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-chǐcùn: ”measurements,” literally, ”feet-inches.” Also pronounced chǐcun (with cun in the neutral tone).
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+chǐcùn: “measurements,” literally, “feet-inches.” Also pronounced chǐcun (with cun in the neutral tone).
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-mián'ǎo: ”Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket”
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+mián'ǎo: “Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket”
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-héshì: ”to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate
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+héshì: “to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate”
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-Zhèijiàn yifu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù xiǎo. This garment fits well, it’s neither too large nor too small.
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+Zhèijiàn yīfu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù xiǎo. This garment fits well, it’s neither too large nor too small.
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Nǐ chuān zhèige yánsè bú tài héshì, huàn (yi)jiàn biéde ba. That color doesn't look right on you, try a different one.
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FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III
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-Běijǐng. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.
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-
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-(B) is the tailor.
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+Běijǐng. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (B) is the tailor.
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-A: Wǒ yào zuò Jǐjiàn yīfu. I'd like to have some clothes made.
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-B: Xing a. Nín yào zuò shénme-yàngrde yǐfu? Okay, what kind of clothes do you want to have made?
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+A: Wǒ yào zuò jǐjiàn yīfu. I'd like to have some clothes made.
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+B: Xíng a. Nín yào zuò shénmeyàngrde yǐfu? Okay, what kind of clothes do you want to have made?
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-A: Eng, wǒ yào zuò liǎngtào xīzhuāng, yítào chūntian chuānde, yítào dongtian chuānde. I’d like to have two Westernstyle suits made, one to wear in the spring and one to wear in the winter.
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+A: Eng, wǒ yào zuò liǎngtào xīzhuāng, yítào chūntian chuānde, yítào dōngtian chuānde. I’d like to have two Westernstyle suits made, one to wear in the spring and one to wear in the winter.
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-B: Hǎo. Women zhèr you hěn duō zhǒng liàozi. Nín xǐhuan zuò něizhǒng liàozide? Zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò chūntian chuānde xīzhuāng hěn hǎo kàn. Nín kànkan nín xǐhuan hu xǐhuan. All right. We have many kinds of cloth here. What kind of cloth do you like to wear? This kind of cloth would look very good as a spring suit. Take a look and see if you like it.
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+B: Hǎo. Wǒmen zhèr yǒu hěn duō zhǒng liàozi. Nín xǐhuan zuò něizhǒng liàozide? Zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò chūntian chuānde xīzhuāng hěn hǎo kàn. Nín kànkan nín xǐhuan bu xǐhuan. All right. We have many kinds of cloth here. What kind of cloth do you like to wear? This kind of cloth would look very good as a spring suit. Take a look and see if you like it.
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-A: 0, hěn hǎo kàn. Jiù zuò yítào zhèizhǒng liàozide ba. Oh, it's very attractive. Make one suit of this cloth.
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+A: O, hěn hǎo kàn. Jiù zuò yítào zhèizhǒng liàozide ba. Oh, it's very attractive. Make one suit of this cloth.
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B: Nín kàn, zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò dōngtiān chuānde xīzhuāng zěnmeyàng? Bú cuò ba? Hěn nuǎnhuo. What do you think of this cloth for the winter suit? Nice, isn’t it? It's very warm.
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-A: Liàozi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ bu tài xǐhuan zhèizhǒng yānsè. Nín you lǎn yánsède ma? The cloth is very good, but I don't like this color very much. Do you have this in blue?
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+A: Liàozi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ bu tài xǐhuan zhèizhǒng yānsè. Nín yǒu lán yánsède ma? The cloth is very good, but I don't like this color very much. Do you have this in blue?
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-B: You lǎn yánsède. Zhèige zěnmeyàng? Yes, I do. How is this?
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+B: Yǒu lán yánsède. Zhèige zěnmeyàng? Yes, I do. How is this?
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A: Hǎo. Zhèige wǒ hěn xǐhuan. Xièxie ni. Good. I like this very much. Thank you.
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@@ -924,34 +903,34 @@ SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
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Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.
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-A: Qǐngwèn, nīmen zhèli zuò bu zuo qípáo he mián'ǎo? Do you make cheongsams and cotton, padded coats here?
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+A: Qǐngwèn, nǐmen zhèli zuò bu zuo qípáo hé mián'ǎo? Do you make cheongsams and cotton, padded coats here?
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-B: Women zuò, zuò. Yes, we do, we do.
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+B: Wǒmen zuò, zuò. Yes, we do, we do.
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-A: Wǒ xiǎng yòng zhè liǎngkuài liàozi zuò yíjiàn qípáo hàn yíjiàn mián'ǎo. I'd like to use these two pieces of material to make a cheongsam and a cotton-padded coat.
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+A: Wǒ xiǎng yòng zhè liǎngkuài liàozi zuò yíjiàn qípáo hàn* yíjiàn mián'ǎo. I'd like to use these two pieces of material to make a cheongsam and a cotton-padded coat.
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-'hàn; A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character he, ”and” or ”with.”
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+*hàn; A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character hé, “and” or “with.”
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B: Qípáo yào zuò chángde háishi duǎnde? Do you want the cheongsam long or short?
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A: Yào zuò chángde. Long.
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-B: Wo kànkan nǐde liàozi you duōshǎo ba. Zhèikuài kéyi zuò chángde. Nèikuài zhǐ kéyi zuò duande. Let me have a look at how much material you have. With this piece you can make a long one. With that piece you can only make a short one.
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+B: Wǒ kànkan nǐde liàozi yǒu duōshǎo ba. Zhèikuài kéyi zuò chángde. Nèikuài zhǐ kéyi zuò duǎnde. Let me have a look at how much material you have. With this piece you can make a long one. With that piece you can only make a short one.
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-A: Nà Jiù yòng nèikuài zuò mián’ǎo, yòng zhèikuài zuò qípáo. Kéyi ba? Then use that piece to make the cotton-padded coat and use that piece to make the cheongsam. Will that be all right?
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+A: Nà jiù yòng nèikuài zuò mián’ǎo, yòng zhèikuài zuò qípáo. Kéyi ba? Then use that piece to make the cotton-padded coat and use that piece to make the cheongsam. Will that be all right?
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B: Kéyi, kéyi. Nèikuài liàozi zuò mián’ǎo hěn héshì. Qípáo yào zuò shénme yàngzide? Sure. That piece of material is very suitable for making a cotton-padded coat. What style do you want the cheongsam?
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-A: Wo xǐhuan wǒ shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. Ní kě bu kéyi zhào zhèijiànde yàngzi zuò? I like the one I have on. Can you make it according to the style of this one?
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+A: Wǒ xǐhuan wǒ shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. Nǐ kě bu kéyi zhào zhèijiànde yàngzi zuò? I like the one I have on. Can you make it according to the style of this one?
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-M: Kéyi. Xiànzài wǒ gěi ni liáng chlcùn, hǎo bu hǎo? Yes. Now I’ll take, your measurements, okay?
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+M: Kéyi. Xiànzài wǒ gěi ni liáng chǐcùn, hǎo bu hǎo? Yes. Now I’ll take, your measurements, okay?
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Vocabulary
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báo to be thin; to be light (of clothing)
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cháng to be long
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chènshān shirt, blouse
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-chǐcùn (chǐcùn) measurement; size
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+chǐcun (chǐcùn) measurement; size
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chuān to put on, to wear
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dài to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc.)
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dàyī overcoat
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@@ -960,24 +939,24 @@ fúzhuāngdiàn clothing store
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gànbufú cadre suit
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gòu to be enough
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hàn and (Taiwan pronunciation)
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-he and
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+hé and
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héshì to fit; to be suitable
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hòu to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing)
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huài to be bad; to go bad, to break
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-Jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r) jacket
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+jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r) jacket
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-jiàn (counter for clothing)
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kùzi (yìtiāo) pants
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liáng to measure
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liàozi material, fabric
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-maoyī sweater
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-màozi (yìdīng) hat
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+máoyī sweater
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+màozi (yìdǐng) hat
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mián’āo cotton-padded jacket
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nà then, in that case
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nèikù underpants
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nèiyī underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast to nèikù, underpants)
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nílóng nylon
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-pixie leather shoes
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-PÒ to be worn out; to break, to tear
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+píxié leather shoes
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+pò to be worn out; to break, to tear
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qípáo close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam
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qù to go
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qúnzi skirt
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@@ -987,23 +966,23 @@ shēnshang on one’s body
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shūbāo book bag, tote bag, carryall
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shuìyī (yítào) pajamas; nightgown
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-tào (counter for suits, sets of things)
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--tiāo (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated ’’pair”)
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+-tiáo (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated ’’pair”)
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tuōxié slippers
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wàitào(r) coat, jacket (that extends below the waist)
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wàng to forget
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wàzi socks
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-xie shoe
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+xié shoe
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xīzhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit
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xūyào to need, to require
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yàngzi appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern
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yào should; must; it is necessary, to need to
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-yifu clothes
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+yīfu clothes
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yòng to use
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yǔxié rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes
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-yǔyí raincoat
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+yǔyī raincoat
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zhào according to
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-zhǒng kind, sort
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-zìjī self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)
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+zìjǐ self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)
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zuò to make; to have made
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Unit 3 Hair Care
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@@ -1024,7 +1003,7 @@ Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care
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4. Gòu duǎn le. It's short enough now.
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-5. Wǒ yào xi tǒu. I want a shampoo.
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+5. Wǒ yào xǐ tǒu. I want a shampoo.
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6. Wǒ bú yào yóu. I don’t want any (hair) oil.
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@@ -1034,7 +1013,7 @@ Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care
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9. Nǐ yào chuí bèi ma? Do you want your back pounded?
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-10. Nǐ yào ànmǒ ma? Do you want a massage?
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+10. Nǐ yào ànmó ma? Do you want a massage?
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11. Nǐmen zhèli yǒu cā píxiéde ma? Can I get a shoeshine here?
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@@ -1048,9 +1027,11 @@ REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
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yǒu shì: “to be occupied, to have something to do,” literally, “to have business.”
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-Nǐ xiànzài yǒu shì ma? Méi shì. Are you busy now? No, I’m not busy.
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+Nǐ xiànzài yǒu shì ma? Are you busy now?
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-jiǎn: “to cut (with a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several different words for English “to cut” depending on the method of cutting. Jian only refers to cutting with a scissors or clipper.
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+Méi shì. No, I’m not busy.
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+
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+jiǎn: “to cut (with a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several different words for English “to cut” depending on the method of cutting. Jiǎn only refers to cutting with a scissors or clipper.
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bú yào: “don’t” In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned bié for “don’t” in negative commands. Bú yào means the same thing.
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@@ -1066,7 +1047,7 @@ Wǒ qù xǐ yīfu. I am going to wash clothes.
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OR
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- I am going to have clothes washed.
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+Wǒ qù xǐ yīfu. I am going to have clothes washed.
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Usually you won’t have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.
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@@ -1076,15 +1057,15 @@ Hái yǒu tóufa...: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of
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shūfu: “to be comfortable; to feel good”
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-Zhèige yìzi zhēn shūfu. This chair is really comfortable.
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+Zhèige yǐzi zhēn shūfu. This chair is really comfortable.
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Zhèige xiǎo fēng hǎo shūfu a! This breeze (“little wind”) feels so good
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Bù shūfu can either mean “to be uncomfortable” or “not to be well, that is, to feel ill.
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-A: Wáng Xiáojie wèishénme jintiān méi lái? Why didn’t Miss Wáng come today?
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+A: Wáng Xiáojie wèishénme jīntiān méi lái? Why didn’t Miss Wáng come today?
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-B: Tā jintiān bù shūfu. She doesn’t feel well today.
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+B: Tā jintiān bù shūfu. She doesn’t feel well today.
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nòng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: “to do/manage/handle/make.” Nòng often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also pronounced lòng or nèng.
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@@ -1092,7 +1073,7 @@ Wǒ qù nòng fàn. I’ll go get the meal ready.
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Wǒ qù nòng nèige. I’ll go take care of that.
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-Wǒ zìjī nòng ba. Let me de it myself.
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+Wǒ zìjǐ nòng ba. Let me do it myself.
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Bié nòng nèixie shìqing. Don’t mess around with that sort of thing.
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@@ -1106,11 +1087,11 @@ nònghuài: “to break, to put out of order, to ruin”
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nòngpò: “to tear, to break”
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-guā húzi: “to shave”, literally, “to scrape the beard.” The verbobject phrase guā húzi, like xǐ tóu in Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either “to shave (someone)” or “to have someone shave oneself.”
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+guā húzi: “to shave”, literally, “to scrape the beard.” The verb object phrase guā húzi, like xǐ tóu in Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either “to shave (someone)” or “to have someone shave oneself.”
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gěi wǒ guā húzi: “shave me” Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning “for.” When you have a verb-object phrase like guā húzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase.
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-Qīng ni gěi wo xǐ tóu. Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a shampoo).
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+Qǐng ni gěi wǒ xǐ tóu. Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a shampoo).
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chuí bèi: “to pound (someone’s) back” as in massage. Barbers in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once again, chuí bèi is a verb-object phrase with the same ambiguity as xǐ tou and guā húzi: it may mean “to pound someone’s back” or “to have one’s back pounded.” Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yào chuí bèi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.
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@@ -1162,7 +1143,7 @@ SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I
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A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted.
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-B: Hèi! Nín zhè tóu gòu chángde le! Hey, this hair of yours is getting awfully long!
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+B: Hèi! Nín zhè tóu gòu *Tóu, literally “head”, is used for “head of hair.* chángde le! Hey, this hair of yours is getting awfully long!
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A: Zhèiliǎngge yuè tài máng, méi shíjiān na! Duǎn yidiǎnr ba! I've been two busy the past couple of months, I haven't had any time! Cut it short for me, okay?
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@@ -1186,14 +1167,22 @@ A: Bú yào, bú yào. No, I don't.
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B: Guāgua húzi ba? How about a shave?
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-A: Bú yòng le, duo xiè nín, húzi wǒ zìjī guā ba! Nín gěi wo bǎ tóufa nònggānjingle jiu xíng le. That's not necessary, thank you. I'll shave myself! Just clean up the hairs for me and that will be all right.
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+A: Bú yòng le, duō xiè nín, húzi wǒ zìjǐ guā ba! Nín gěi wo bǎ tóufa nònggānjingle jiu xíng le. That's not necessary, thank you. I'll shave myself! Just clean up the hairs for me and that will be all right.
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-B: Hao. Xiànzài shūfu le ba? Okay, does that feel better?
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+B: Hǎo. Xiànzài shūfu le ba? Okay, does that feel better?
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-A: Shūfu duo le. Xièxie nín! Much better. Thank you!
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+A: Shūfu duō le. Xièxie nín! Much better. Thank you!
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B: Bú kèqi. You're welcome.
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+Notes on the dialogue
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+
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+méi shíjiān na: Na is a contraction of ne and a.
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+
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+bú cuò: “not bad, pretty good” (MTG 2)
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+
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+dào nèibianr zuò: The qù is omitted from this phrase.
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+
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PART II
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REFERENCE LIST
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@@ -1222,9 +1211,9 @@ References Notes on part 2
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zuò tóufa: “to do hair” or “to have one's hair done” (See the Reference Notes for part I on xǐ tóu, guā húzi, chuí bèi, cā píxié.)
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-yùyuē: “to make an appointment” literally “beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the menings ”a preliminary agreement” or “to pre-order a book which has not be published.” In taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase xiān yuē yige shíjiān, “to arrange a time forehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbersops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.
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+yùyuē: “to make an appointment” literally “beforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the menings “a preliminary agreement” or “to pre-order a book which has not be published.” In taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase xiān yuē yige shíjiān, “to arrange a time forehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbersops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.
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-wèntí: “problem or “question.” méi (yǒu) wèntí is just like the English “no problem.” In addition to its literal meaning of “There is no problem,” méi wèntí can also ”be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.
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+wèntí: “problem or “question.” méi (yǒu) wèntí is just like the English “no problem.” In addition to its literal meaning of “There is no problem,” méi wèntí can also “be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.
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Kě bu kéyi qǐng ni gěi wo wèn zhèijiàn shì? Could you please ask about this matter for me?
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@@ -1232,6 +1221,8 @@ Méi wèntí. No problem.
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fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant “one tenth.” You have also seen it meaning “one cent” (1/10 of a dime, máo). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn). We have drawn a ruler marking off cùn (“inches”) and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.
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+
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+Mesures.png
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cùn
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fēn
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English inches
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@@ -1242,26 +1233,23 @@ yǒu yìdiǎn rè a little hot
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yǒu yìdiǎn nán a little difficult
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-The use of you yìdiǎn deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yìdiǎn nán (which is incorrect) for ”a little difficult” instead of the correct form ySu yìdiǎn nán. Remember to put in that you!
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+The use of yǒu yìdiǎn deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yìdiǎn nán (which is incorrect) for “a little difficult” instead of the correct form yǒu yìdiǎn nán. Remember to put in that yǒu!
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-shìyishi: ”to try, to give it a try” Shì is ”to try” in the sense of ”to experiment.” It does not mean ”try” in the sense of ”to make an effort” to do something.
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+shìyishi: “to try, to give it a try” Shì is “to try” in the sense of “to experiment.” It does not mean “try” in the sense of “to make an effort” to do something.
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-yídìng: ”certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means ”I think it will surely be good-looking,” which can be translated more smoothly as ”I’m sure it will look good.” The phrase ”I’m sure ...” will often translate into Chinese as Wǒ xiǎng . . . yídìng . . . , for example:
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+yídìng: “certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means “I think it will surely be good-looking,” which can be translated more smoothly as “I’m sure it will look good.” The phrase “I’m sure ...” will often translate into Chinese as Wǒ xiǎng ... yídìng ... , for example:
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-Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan. I’m sure you’ll like it.
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+Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan. I’m sure you’ll like it.
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-Wǒ xiǎng tā yídìng lái. I’m sure he’ll come.
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+Wǒ xiǎng tā yídìng lái. I’m sure he’ll come.
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-tàng toufa; ”to get a permanent” The use of the verb tàng for ”to get a permanent” has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tàng originally meant (and still does) ”to scald” or ”to apply heat to” something. For example, tàng yīfu means ”to iron clothes.” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called diàn tàng, ”electric permanent.” After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tàng continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tàng, ”cold permanent.”
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+tàng tóufa; “to get a permanent” The use of the verb tàng for “to get a permanent” has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tàng originally meant (and still does) “to scald” or “to apply heat to” something. For example, tàng yīfu means “to iron clothes.” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called diàn tàng, “electric permanent.” After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tàng continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tàng, “cold permanent.”
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-juǎn: ”to curl, to roll up” You will find this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. [Curly hair is juǎnfà, straight hair is zhífà.]
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+juǎn: “to curl, to roll up” You will find this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. [Curly hair is juǎnfà, straight hair is zhífà.]
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-chuǐgān: ”to blow-dry” Chui is ”to blow, to puff” and gān is the
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-adjec-tival verb ”to be dry.” These two verbs used together to form a
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-compound which indicates both the action and the result: ”to blow until
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-dry” or ”to blow with the result that (something) becomes dry.”
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+chuǐgān: “to blow-dry” Chui is “to blow, to puff” and gān is the adjectival verb “to be dry.” These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: “to blow until dry” or “to blow with the result that (something) becomes dry.”
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-Chuīgān and the English word ”blow-dry,” look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word ”blow” and Just say ”to dry someone's hair,” whereas in Chinese you cannot use gān to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cāgān means ”to wipe (something) dry.”
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+Chuīgān and the English word “blow-dry,” look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word “blow” and just say “to dry someone's hair,” whereas in Chinese you cannot use gān to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cāgān means “to wipe (something) dry.”
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FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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@@ -1317,7 +1305,7 @@ Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the hairdres
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A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ yào zuò shénme yàngzide tóu? What style do you want it, Miss?
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-B: Wǒ méiyou zuòguo tóufa, měicì dōu shi xǐyixǐ, jiǎnyijiǎn, chuīgān Jiu hǎo le. I’ve never had my hair done before, every time I’ve just had it washed, cut and blow-dried, and that’s it.
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+B: Wǒ méiyou zuòguo tóufa, měicì dōu shi xǐyixǐ, jiǎnyijiǎn, chuīgān jiu hǎo le. I’ve never had my hair done before, every time I’ve just had it washed, cut and blow-dried, and that’s it.
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A: Zhèicì yào bu yào shìyishi ne? Would you like to try this time?
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@@ -1329,7 +1317,7 @@ A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ kàn, zhège yàngzi hěn hǎo kànde, zhǐ juǎn yìdiǎndiǎ
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B: Hǎo, wǒ shì yíxià. Okay, I’ll give it a try.
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-A: Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan... . Nà wǒ jiù bù jiǎn le, tóufa chǎng yidiǎn zuòde hǎo kàn. I’m sure you’ll like it... . Well, then, I won’t cut it. The set will look better if the hair is a little long.
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+A: Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan... . Nà wǒ jiù bù jiǎn le, tóufa cháng yidiǎn zuòde hǎo kàn. I’m sure you’ll like it... . Well, then, I won’t cut it. The set will look better if the hair is a little long.
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B: Hǎo, xièxie ni. Thank you.
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@@ -1337,7 +1325,7 @@ A: Bú kèqi. You’re welcome.
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NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
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-hěn hǎo kànde: The -de here means ”“hat's how it is.” This usage is typical of southern dialects.
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+hěn hǎo kànde: The -de here means “hat's how it is.” This usage is typical of southern dialects.
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yìdiǎndiǎn: “a very little bit”, less than yìdiǎn.
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@@ -1347,7 +1335,7 @@ Unit 3, Vocabulary
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bú yào don’t
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cā to rub, to wipe
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chuí bèi to pound (someone’s) back
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-chuigān to blow-dry (with a dryer)
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+chuīgān to blow-dry (with a dryer)
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fēn one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn)
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gānjing to be clean
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guā to scrape
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@@ -1361,7 +1349,7 @@ liú húzi to grow a beard or mustache
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méi wèntí no problem
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nòng to do, to handle, to manage, to make
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nòng gānjing to clean up
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-shi to try
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+shì to try
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shì(yi)shi to give it a try
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shūfu to be comfortable
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shū tóu to brush or comb hair
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