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@@ -1374,10 +1374,10 @@ REFERENCE LIST
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1. Yǎnjìng gēn zhīpiàoběn dōu dài le. I have both my glasses and checkbook with me (on me).
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2. Xiǎoběnzi zài wǒ xīzhuāng kǒudàili. My notebook is in my suit pocket.
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3. Zhàoxiàngjí zài xiāngzili. My camera is in the suitcase.
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-4. Nǐ dàile yíge lùyìnjī, duì bu duì? You have a tape recorder with you, don’t you?
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+4. Nǐ dàile yíge lùyīnjī, duì bu duì? You have a tape recorder with you, don’t you?
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5. Wǒ méi dài shǒushi lai. I didn’t bring any jewelry with me.
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6. Nǐ bǎ nǐ dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodānshang le ma? Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration?
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-7. Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn lùyǐndài. I have twenty reels of recording tape with me.
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+7. Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn lùyīndài. I have twenty reels of recording tape with me.
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8. Wǒ zhīdao hěn dūo Zhōngguo fùnǚ bú dài shǒushi, suóyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lái. I knew that a lot of Chinese women don’t wear jewelry, so I didn’t bring any either.
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9. Qǐng nǐ bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo kànkan. Please open your suitcase and let me take a look.
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10. Méi shì le. Everything is all right OR There's no further business.
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@@ -1388,15 +1388,15 @@ REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
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yǎnjìng; “eyeglasses” Don’t mix this up with yǎnjìng, “eye.” In Běijīng speech these words are pronounced yǎnjìngr (“eyeglasses”) and yǎnjing (“eye”), keeping them even more distinct from each other.
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-zhīpiàoběn: “checkbook” Zhípiào is a “check,” literally “pay-ticket.” Běn(r) is a booklet.
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+zhīpiàoběn: “checkbook” Zhípiào is a “check,” literally “pay-ticket.” Běn(r) is a booklet.
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-dài: ”“to bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, dài, “to wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).” They are different words, however, written With different characters ( for “to bring” and for “to wear”). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say “I have ... with me” or “I have ... on me” when Chinese says literally, “I have brought... .”
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+dài: “to bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, dài, “to wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.).” They are different words, however, written With different characters ( 带 for “to bring” and 戴 for “to wear”). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say “I have ... with me” or “I have ... on me” when Chinese says literally, “I have brought... .”
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xiǎoběnzi: “notebook,” literally “small book.” In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiǎoběnzi is translated specifically as “address book.” Actually the word is more neutral in meaning (“notebook, booklet”), but picks up the specific translation from the context.
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-xiāngzi: “box, trunk, case” Xiāngzi corresponds to the English “suitcase,”while xíngli is the equivalent of “luggage.”
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+xiāngzi: “box, trunk, case” Xiāngzi corresponds to the English “suitcase,” while xíngli is the equivalent of “luggage.”
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-shēnbàodān: “declaration form” Shēnbào is the verb “to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs.” Dan is the noun meaning “bill, list, note.”
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+shēnbàodān: “declaration form” Shēnbào is the verb “to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs.” Dān is the noun meaning “bill, list, note.”
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xiě zai shēnbàodānshang: “write it on the declaration form.” Notice that the place phrase (zài ... shang) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other “results” also show up). Compare these two sentences:
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@@ -1420,22 +1420,18 @@ zuò nèige diǎnxīn gěi háizi chī make that pastry for the child to eat
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When gěi comes after the verb, it can mean either “to give” or “for, let.” For example, Bǎ nèiběn shǔ náchulai gěi wo kànkan could mean either “Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR “Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context will help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.
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-CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as “to let,”
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-
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-you should not take this to mean that English ”to let” may always be translated into Chinese with gěi. There is a very limited correspondence between “let” and gěi. Usually you will translate “to let” as ràng, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module.
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+CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as “to let,” you should not take this to mean that English “to let” may always be translated into Chinese with gěi. There is a very limited correspondence between “let” and gěi. Usually you will translate “to let” as ràng, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module.
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Méi shì le: “Everything is all right now” OR “There's no further business.” Here, this means “Now that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn't anything further we need to take up.”
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-yùbeihǎo le: “prepared” You have already learned the word zhǔnbèi, “to prepare, to get ready” or “to plan to.” Yùbei is a close synonym.
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-
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-Yùbeihǎo or zhùnbèihǎo both mean “to get all ready.” The ending -hǎo on
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+yùbeihǎo le: “prepared” You have already learned the word zhǔnbèi, “to prepare, to get ready” or “to plan to.” Yùbei is a close synonym. Yùbeihǎo or zhùnbèihǎo both mean “to get all ready.” The ending -hǎo on
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certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.
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FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I
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An American woman is going through customs in Guǎngzhōu (Canton).
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-M: Nǐ bǎ ni dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodānshang le ma? Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration?
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+M: Nǐ bǎ nǐ dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodānshang le ma? Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration?
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F: Dōu xiě le. Yes, I wrote everything.
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@@ -1443,7 +1439,7 @@ M: Nǐ dàile yíge zhàoxiàngjī, yíge lùyīnjī, yíge shōuyīnjī, duì b
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F: Duì le. Right.
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-M: Nǐ dàile duōshao lùyǐndài? How much tape do you have with you?
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+M: Nǐ dàile duōshao lùyīndài? How much tape do you have with you?
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F: Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn. I have twenty reels with me.
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@@ -1519,7 +1515,7 @@ Nǐmende gōngyù yǒu jǐjiān fángjiān? How many rooms does your apartment h
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But you would use dānyuán, “unit,” not gōngyù, for “apartment” in:
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-Zhèige gōngyùlóu yoo3 duōshao dānyuán? How many apartments are there in this apartment building?
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+Zhèige gōngyùlóu yǒu duōshao dānyuán? How many apartments are there in this apartment building?
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Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his “apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fángzi. In other words, any type of residence—house or apartment—can be called a fángzi. Use the word gōngyù when you need to distinguish clearly between “apartment” and “house.
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@@ -1555,7 +1551,7 @@ Nǐ hǎoxiàng bú tài xǐhuan zhèige fāngzi. You don’t seem to like this h
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Nǐ hǎoxiàng zài xiǎng shénme shì. You seem to be thinking about something.
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-Tā gēge hǎoxiàng chǎngchāng shēng bìng. His older brother seems to get sick very often.
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+Tā gēge hǎoxiàng chángcháng shēng bìng. His older brother seems to get sick very often.
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Hǎoxiàng is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, hǎoxiàng is best translated as “it seems to me that ...”or “I think ...” or “I seem to remember ... .” Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.
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@@ -1565,25 +1561,24 @@ Nǐ hǎoxiàng gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn shìqing. I seem to remember your telling
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Zài nèige shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù zài Jiāzhōu. At that time, he was still living in California, I think.
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-Mǎiguo hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu dui? It seems to me you don’t have this in America, do you?
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+Měiguo hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu dui? It seems to me you don’t have this in America, do you?
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-gǎo wèishēng: “to. clean,” literally “to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, “to do,” originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Běijǐng. In Taiwan, gǎo does not have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 1949 using this verb.
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+gǎo wèishēng: “to. clean,” literally “to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, “to do,” originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Běijīng. In Taiwan, gǎo does not have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 1949 using this verb.
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-máfan: “to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module, you learned the verb máfan for “to bother, to incon-venience (someone),” as in Mafan nǐ le, “Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn máfan as an adjectival verb.
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+máfan: “to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module, you learned the verb máfan for “to bother, to inconvenience (someone),” as in Máfan nǐ le, “Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn máfan as an adjectival verb.
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Nà tài máfan le. That’s too much trouble
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Zhēn máfan. What a bother.
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-pingcháng: “usually, generally, ordinarily” Like other two-syllable time words, pingcháng may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.
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+píngcháng: “usually, generally, ordinarily” Like other two-syllable time words, píngcháng may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.
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Píngcháng wǒmen dōu zài kètīng kàn diànshì. We usually watch television in the living room.
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-
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-Wǒmen píngcháng dōu zài kètíng kàn diànshì.
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+Wǒmen píngcháng dōu zài kètíng kàn diànshì. We usually watch television in the living room.
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Wǒ píngcháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái xià ban. I don’t usually get off workuntil nine o’clock.
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-shōushi: “to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)” or “to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things).” Use shōushi when you’re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo wèishēng when you’re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC land gǎo qingjié “to (soap and water) clean” in Taiwan!.
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+shōushi: “to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)” or “to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things).” Use shōushi when you’re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo wèishēng when you’re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and gǎo qingjié “to (soap and water) clean” in Taiwan].
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Tā hǎoxiàng yǒu bànnián méi shōushi wūzi le. It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half a year.
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@@ -1591,13 +1586,13 @@ Nǐ kuài yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, wǒmen yào zǒu le. Pack your things quic
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wūzi and fángjiān: Both of these words means “room, chamber.” Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use fángjiān rather than wūzi.
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-fànting: “dining room,” literally “meal-hall.”
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+fàntīng: “dining room,” literally “meal-hall.”
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-chī fàn: “to eat,” literally “eat food.” Fàn is literally, “cooked rice,” but in the expression chī fàn it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like niàn shū, “to study” or shuō huà “to speak.” (See BIO, Unit 7.) This verb chī may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as píngguǒ, ”apples,” as in:
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+chī fàn: “to eat,” literally “eat food.” Fàn is literally, “cooked rice,” but in the expression chī fàn it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like niàn shū, “to study” or shuō huà “to speak.” (See BIO, Unit 7.) This verb chī may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as píngguǒ, “apples,” as in:
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Wǒ chīle yíge píngguǒ. I ate an apple.
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-But if you mean “eat” in the sense of “to eat food” or “to have a meal,” then you should use the general object fan:
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+But if you mean “eat” in the sense of “to eat food” or “to have a meal,” then you should use the general object fàn:
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Nǐ chī fàn le méiyou? Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?)
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@@ -1607,7 +1602,7 @@ zuò fàn: “to cook,” literally “to make food.” This is another verbgene
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chúfáng: “kitchen,” literally “kitchen-room.”
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-xǐzǎofáng: “bathroom” This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xǐzǎo, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means “to take a bathT” Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cèsuǒ, “toilet;” or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshǒujiān, “washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cèsuǒ is.
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+xǐzǎofáng: “bathroom” This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xǐzǎo, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means “to take a bath.” Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cèsuǒ, “toilet;” or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshǒujiān, “washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cèsuǒ is.
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In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the 1950’s may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub.
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@@ -1621,13 +1616,13 @@ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei.
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-F1: Yòu! Nǐmen jiā hěn piàoliang, shǒushide zhēn gānjìng! Oh, your house is lovely, so neatand clean!
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+F1: Yòu! Nǐmen jiā hěn piàoliang, shōushide zhēn gānjìng! Oh, your house is lovely, so neat and clean!
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F2: Xièxie ni. Wǒmen xiān dào kètīng zuò yíxià hē diǎn chá. Thank you. Let’s first go and sit in the living room a while and and drink some tea.
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F1: Hǎo. Fine
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-F2: Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào Táizhōng qù le. Jīntiān wǎnshàng jiù shi wǒmen liǎngge rén chī fàn. My husband has gone to T'aichung on business. This evening it will be Just the two of us eating.
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+F2: Wǒ xiānshēng yǒu shì dào Táizhōng qù le. Jīntiān wǎnshàng jiù shi wǒmen liǎngge rén chī fàn. My husband has gone to T'aichung on business. This evening it will be just the two of us eating.
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F1: Nà wǒmen yìqǐ zuò fàn, hǎo bu hǎo? Well then, let’s cook together, all right?
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@@ -1683,34 +1678,27 @@ FART III
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REFERENCE LIST
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-29. Háizi xǐngle yǐhòu jiào tāmen xǐ liǎn. After the children wake up, have them wash their faces.
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+29. Háizi xǐngle yǐhòu jiào tāmen xǐ liǎn. After the children wake up, have them wash their faces.
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-30. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yǐqián jiào tāmen shuā yá, xǐzǎo. Before they go to sleep at night, have them brush their teeth and take a bath.
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+30. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yǐqián jiào tāmen shuā yá, xǐzǎo. Before they go to sleep at night, have them brush their teeth and take a bath.
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-31. Xǐle liǎn gěi tāmen hē niúnǎi. When they’ve washed their faces, give them some milk to drink.
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+31. Xǐle liǎn gěi tāmen hē niúnǎi. When they’ve washed their faces, give them some milk to drink.
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-32. Bǎ háizi gěi wo, wǒ bàoyibào. Give the baby to me, I’ll hold him.
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+32. Bǎ háizi gěi wo, wǒ bàoyibào. Give the baby to me, I’ll hold him.
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-33. Wáng Ayí, háizimen chī fàn yǐhòu děi shuì wǔjiào. Auntie Wáng, after they’ve eaten, the children have to take a noontime nap.
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+33. Wáng Āyí, háizimen chī fàn yǐhòu děi shuì wǔjiào. Auntie Wáng, after they’ve eaten, the children have to take a noontime nap.
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-34. Rè shuǐ shāohǎo le méiyou? Have you heated up the hot water?
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+34. Rè shuǐ shāohǎo le méiyou? Have you heated up the hot water?
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-35. Guò mǎlùde shíhou yào xiǎoxǐn. Be careful when crossing the street.
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+35. Guò mǎlùde shíhou yào xiǎoxǐn. Be careful when crossing the street.
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-36. yágāo toothpaste
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+36. yágāo toothpaste
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-37. shūshu uncle
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+37. shūshu uncle
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REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART III
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-xǐng: “to wake up” This is a process verb. It describes the change from
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-sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: “to become awake,
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-to become conscious, to become sober.” In completed affirmative
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-sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will
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-see mei (not bù— this is not a state verb）。 Some of the quirks you faced
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-with a verb like bìng “to get sick,” not “to be sick”), you also face
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-here. When you are thinking in English of “He IS NOT awake,” you should
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-think ”He HAS NOT awakened” in Chinese.
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+xǐng: “to wake up” This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: “to become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.” In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see méi (not bù — this is not a state verb. Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bìng “to get sick,” not “to be sick”), you also face here. When you are thinking in English of “He IS NOT awake,” you should think “He HAS NOT awakened” in Chinese.
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Tā xǐngle méiyou? Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet?
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@@ -1724,17 +1712,17 @@ Nǐ jiào ta guòlai. Ask him to come over.
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shuì jiào: “to sleep, to go to bed”
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-Tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù shuì jia4o le. He went to bed at eight o’clock (already).
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+Tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù shuì jiào le. He went to bed at eight o’clock (already).
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-Nǐ jǐdiǎn zhōng shuì Jiào? What time do you go to bed?
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+Nǐ jǐdiǎn zhōng shuì jiào? What time do you go to bed?
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Tā měitiān shuì bāge zhōngtóu. He sleeps eight hours a night.
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Nǐ shuìde hǎo bu hǎo? Did you sleep well?
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-Nǐ shuìhǎole ma? Did you sleep well? OR Have you“finished sleeping?
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+Nǐ shuìhǎole ma? Did you sleep well? OR Have you finished sleeping?
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-shuā yá: ”to brush teeth” Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yǐfu, “brush clothes,” and shuā xie, “brush (off) shoes.” Do not use shuā for use for brushing hair, however [see shū tou “to comb or brush one’s hair”, WLF, Unit 3)]. [The noun for a “brush” is shuāzi.J
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+shuā yá: “to brush teeth” Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yǐfu, “brush clothes,” and shuā xié, “brush (off) shoes.” Do not use shuā for use for brushing hair, however [see shū tou “to comb or brush one’s hair”, WLF, Unit 3)]. [The noun for a “brush” is shuāzi.J
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niúnǎi: Literally, “cow-milk,” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The word nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk.
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@@ -1770,11 +1758,11 @@ A: Wáng Ayí, háizimen chī fàn yǐhòu děi shuā yā, rànhòu zài shuì w
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C: Hǎo.
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-A: Xiàwu sìwǔdiǎn zhǒng gěi tāmen hē niunǎi. At four or five in the afternoon, give them some milk to drink.
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+A: Xiàwu sìwǔdiǎn zho1ng gěi tāmen hē niúnǎi. At four or five in the afternoon, give them some milk to drink.
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C: Tāmen wǎnshàng yào chī shénme? What will they eat in the evening?
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-A: Wǒ yijīng zuòhǎo le. Dōu zài zhèr. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yǐqiān jiào tāmen shuā yā, xǐzǎo. Haizimen yìtiān yào shuā sāncì yā. I’ve prepared it already. It’s all here. At night before they go to bed, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. The children are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day.
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+A: Wǒ yijīng zuòhǎo le. Dōu zài zhèr. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yǐqiān jiào tāmen shuā yā, xǐzǎo. Háizimen yìtiān yào shuā sāncì yá. I’ve prepared it already. It’s all here. At night before they go to bed, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. The children are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day.
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C: Hǎo. Fine.
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@@ -1782,21 +1770,21 @@ SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III
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In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huìmǐn) and father (Tíngsōng) are at home:
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-M: Huìmǐn, wǒ xiǎng hē diǎn chā, Huìmǐn, nǐ yào bu yào? I want some tea, do you?
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+M: Huìmǐn, wǒ xiǎng hē diǎn chā, nǐ yào bu yào? Huìmǐn, I want some tea, do you?
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F: Yào, dànshi rè shui méiyou le. Wǒ qù shāo. Yes, but there’s no more hot water. I’ll go put some on.
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-M: Bú yào, bú yào, wǒ zìjī qù. No, no, I’ll go myself.
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+M: Bú yào, bú yào, wǒ zìjǐ qù. No, no, I’ll go myself.
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F: Hǎo, wǒ qù kànkan Xiǎo Bǎo xǐng le meiyou. Okay, I’ll go check if Xiǎo Bǎo (thebaby) is up yet.
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-(They both leave the room. Later when Huìmǐn (the wife) returns, TÍngsōng is sitting on the sofa.)
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+(They both leave the room. Later when Huìmǐn (the wife) returns, Tíngsōng is sitting on the sofa.)
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-F: Tíng, Xiǎo Bǎo xǐngle. Nǐ bào yíxià. Wǒ qù bǎ niúnǎi nònghǎo. Ting, Xiǎo Bǎo is up. You hold himfor a minute. I’m going to go get his (cow’s) milk ready.
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+F: Tíng, Xiǎo Bǎo xǐngle. Nǐ bào yíxià. Wǒ qù bǎ niúnǎi nònghǎo. Tíng, Xiǎo Bǎo is up. You hold him for a minute. I’m going to go get his (cow’s) milk ready.
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M: (To the baby) Lái, ràng bàba bàobao. Here, let daddy hold you.
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-(Huìmǐn comes in with a bottle and hands it to TÍngsōng.)
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+(Huìmǐn comes in with a bottle and hands it to Tíngsōng.)
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M: Nǐ kàn, shuì wǔjiào yǐhòu, tā zhēn è. Look, he’s so hungry after his nap.
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@@ -1820,7 +1808,7 @@ dài to lead, to take
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dǎkai to open
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fángjiān room
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fàntīng dining room
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-fùnǚ women
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+fùnü women
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gǎo to do, to engage in
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gǎo wèishēng to do cleaning
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gōngyù apartment building; apartment
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@@ -1858,7 +1846,7 @@ wòshì bedroom
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wūzi room
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xiāngzi suitcase, box
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xiǎoběnzi small notebook
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-xiǎoxín to be careful, to take care
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+xiǎoxīn to be careful, to take care
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xǐng to wake up
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xǐzǎo to take a bath
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xǐzǎofáng bathroom
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@@ -1869,7 +1857,7 @@ yùbei to prepare
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yùbeihǎo le to have prepared
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zhàoxiàngjǐ camera
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zhīpiào check (as in personal check)
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-zhìpiàoběn checkbook
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+zhīpiàoběn checkbook
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zūchūqu to rent out
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zuò fàn to cook
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@@ -1887,15 +1875,15 @@ REFERENCE LIST
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3. Wǒ xiǎng wǒ bù fāshāo. I don’t think I have a fever.
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-4. Nǐ zuì hǎo chǐ diǎnr zhèige yào ba. You’d better take some of this medicine.
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+4. Nǐ zuì hǎo chī diǎnr zhèige yào ba. You’d better take some of this medicine.
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-5. A: Zuótiān wo qù kàn dàifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor.
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+5. A: Zuótiān wǒ qù kàn dàifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor.
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B: Nǐ kàn shénme? What did you want treated?
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A: Wǒ késou. I have a cough.
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-6. Nǐ dào neige yīyuàn qù kàn bìng? Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor?
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+6. Nǐ dào něige yīyuàn qù kàn bìng? Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor?
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7. Liú Dàifu shi nèikē yīshēng háishi wàikē yīshēng? Is Dr. Liú a physician or a surgeon?
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@@ -1907,8 +1895,8 @@ REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I
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téng: “to hurt, to ache” When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern. For example œI have a headache,” in Chinese is literally ”As for me, the head hurts”:
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-Wǒ tǒu téng.
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-As for me, head hurts.
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+Wǒ tǒu téng.
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+As for me, head hurts.
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gǎnmào: “to catch a cold; a cold” This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say “to have a bad cold,” use gǎnmào hěn lìhai, lìhai meaning “severe.”]
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@@ -1930,7 +1918,7 @@ PROCESS
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Wǒ fāshāo le. I have a fever (more literally, “I have developed a fever”).
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-Wǒ méi fāshāo. I don’t have a fever (more literally ”I haven’t developed a fever”).
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+Wǒ méi fāshāo. I don’t have a fever (more literally “I haven’t developed a fever”).
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Wǒ fāshāo yǐhòu jiu bù xiǎng chī dōngxi le. After the fever came on, I didn’t feel like eating anything.
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@@ -1950,9 +1938,7 @@ Zhèige bìng děi dào dà yīyuàn qù kàn. For this illness you have to go t
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késou: “to cough”
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-nèikē: (1) “department of internal medicine” (of a hospital), or (2)
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-“internal medicine” (as a field). Nèi means “internal” and kē means
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-either (1) “department, section” or (2) “branch (of a study).”
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+nèikē: (1) “department of internal medicine” (of a hospital), or (2) “internal medicine” (as a field). Nèi means “internal” and kē means either (1) “department, section” or (2) “branch (of a study).”
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yīshēng: “doctor,” literally, “heal-er.” In Bēijǐng, dàifu is the more conversational word and yīshēng the more formal. In Taiwan, however, dàifu is not used much.
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@@ -1960,9 +1946,9 @@ nèikē yishēng: “physician”
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wàikē: (1) “department of surgery” (of a hospital), or (2) “surgery,” (the branch of medicine).
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-wàikē yishēng: “surgeon”
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+wàikē yīshēng: “surgeon”
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-tòng: “to hurt, to ache,” another pronunciation for těng.
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+tòng: “to hurt, to ache,” another pronunciation for téng.
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āsipilín: “aspirin” Also pronounced āsipilín, àsipilíng, àsipǐlíng.
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@@ -1972,7 +1958,7 @@ A man from Shànghài (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Beijing.
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A: Nǐ shuō “tóu tòng” háishi “tóu těng”? Do you say tóu tòng (“to have a headache”) or tóu téng?
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-B: Běijīng rěn dóu shuō “tóu těng,” wǒ xiǎng “tong” shi nǐmen Shànghǎi rén shuōde. Zěnme? Nǐ xiànzài tóu téng a? People from Běijīng all say tóu téng. I think tòng is what is said by you people from Shànghǎi. Why? Do you have a headache now?
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+B: Běijīng rěn dóu shuō “tóu těng,” wǒ xiǎng “tòng” shi nǐmen Shànghǎi rén shuōde. Zěnme? Nǐ xiànzài tóu téng a? People from Běijīng all say tóu téng. I think tòng is what is said by you people from Shànghǎi. Why? Do you have a headache now?
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A: Ng, wǒ yǒu diǎnr tóu téng. A little.
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@@ -1994,7 +1980,7 @@ In Běijīng, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter’s ill
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A: Nǐ zhǎo wo yǒu shénme shìr a? Are you looking for me for something in particular?
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-B: Xiǎo Huá gǎnmàole, késoule yíge xīngqī le, jìntiān fāshāo fāde hěn gāo, houlong yě hěn téng. Xiǎo Hua caught a cold and has been coughing for a week. Today she has a very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot.
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+B: Xiǎo Huá gǎnmàole, késoule yíge xīngqī le, jìntiān fāshāo fāde hěn gāo, hóulong yě hěn téng. Xiǎo Hua caught a cold and has been coughing for a week. Today she has a very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot.
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A: Nǐ dài ta qù kànguo le ma? Have you taken her to have it treated?
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@@ -2014,15 +2000,15 @@ NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE
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ràng: “to let, to allow, to have (someone do something)” This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6.
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-...duō xiūxi xiuxi: “rest a lot” The adjectival verb “to be many, to be much, to be a lot” is used here as an adverb modifying the verb “to rest”, xiūxi. As an adverb, duō may mean “a lot,” “more,” or “too much,” depending on the context. In duō xiūxi xiuxi it obviously means “a lot” or “more.”
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+...duō xiūxi xiuxi: “rest a lot” The adjectival verb “to be many, to be much, to be a lot” is used here as an adverb modifying the verb “to rest”, xiūxi. As an adverb, duō may mean “a lot,” “more,” or “too much,” depending on the context. In duō xiūxi xiuxi it obviously means Wa lot” or “more.”
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Yǐhòu, wǒ yào duō xiàng nín xuéxí. From now on, I shall learn from you more.
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Duō shuō yě bù hǎo, shǎo shuō yě bù hǎo. It isn’t good to say too much, nor is it good to say too little.
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-Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi shi bu shi yào duō gěi qián? If you want to have your back pounded after a haircut, do you have to pay extra?
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+Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi shì bu shi yào duō gěi qián? If you want to have your back pounded after a haircut, do you have to pay extra?
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-Some students get into the bad habit of always translating duō as “more.” Remember that the adverb duō can also mean either “a lot” or “too much.” Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Duō chī yidiǎnr! Since you haven’t yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, “Have some more”; it simply means “Eat amply.” We might say in English, “Have as much as you like,” or “Help yourself.” Here are some more examples showing duō does not always mean “more.”
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+Some students get into the bad habit of always translating duō as “more.” Remember that the adverb duō can also mean either “a lot” or “too much.” Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Duō chī yidiǎnr! Since you haven’t yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, “Have some more”; it simply means “Eat amply.” We might say in English, “Have as much as you like,” or WHelp yourself.” Here are some more examples showing duō does not always mean “more.”
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Zhèizhǒng píngguǒ zènme piányi a? Nà wǒmen jiu duō mǎi diǎnr ba! These apples are this inexpensive? In that case, let’s get a whole bunch of them!
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@@ -2030,7 +2016,7 @@ Duō láile yíge rén. One person too many came.
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Tā duō gěile shíkuài qián. He gave ten dollars too much.
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-Duō mǎi jǐbenr. Buy a few extra volumes.
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+Duō mǎi jǐběnr. Buy a few extra volumes.
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Contrast Duō láile yíge rén, “One person too many came,” with Yǒu láile yíge rén, “One more person came.”
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@@ -2068,7 +2054,7 @@ REFERENCE LIST
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REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II
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-dùzi: “belly, lower abdomen” This has often been translated as “stomach,” but actually when someone says Wǒ dùzi těng or Wǒ dùzi bu shūfu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as “stomach,” in the looser sense of “belly,” for example:
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+dùzi: “belly, lower abdomen” This has often been translated as “stomach,” but actually when someone says Wǒ dùzi téng or Wǒ dùzi bu shūfu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as “stomach,” in the looser sense of “belly,” for example:
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Nèige rénde dùzi hěn dà. That man has a big stomach/belly.
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@@ -2094,7 +2080,7 @@ wèibìng: “stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, “stomach illness
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dàbiàn bù tōng: “to be constipated” Dàbiàn (literally “major-convenience)” means “to have a bowel movement” or “feces.” (Xiǎobiàn, “minor-convenience,” means “to urinate” or “urine.”) Bù tōng means “doesn’t go through, is blocked up.”
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-tǎng: “to lie, to recline” Notice that the zài phrase goes after the verb tang in the sentence Qǐng ni tǎng zài zhèr. This is because the zài phrase shows the result of the verb tǎng: you end up being here (zài zhèr) as a result of the action of lying (tǎng). Tāngxià or tǎng xiàlái means “to lie down.” In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to “be in bed.”
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+tǎng: “to lie, to recline” Notice that the zài phrase goes after the verb tang in the sentence Qǐng ni tǎng zài zhèr. This is because the zài phrase shows the result of the verb tǎng: you end up being here (zài zhèr) as a result of the action of lying (tǎng). Tāngxià or tǎng xiàlái means “to lie down.” In some of the following sentences, notice that tǎng corresponds to “be in bed.”
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Tā gānmào le, tǎngle yìtiān. He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today).
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@@ -2110,13 +2096,13 @@ tuō: “to take off” (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān, “to p
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Kuài bǎ dàyī tuōxialai. Come on and take off your coat.*
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-Tā zhèng tuózhe yīfu, jìnlai yige ren. Right when he was taking off his clothes, someone came in.
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+Tā zhèng tuōzhe yīfu, jìnlai yige rén. Right when he was taking off his clothes, someone came in.
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Qǐng ni tuōle xié zài jìnqu. Please remove your shoes before going in.**
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*This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuài, usually translated as “hurry up and ...” sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuài indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately.
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-**ln Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)
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+**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)
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kāi: You have seen kāi meaning “to open.” Here it means “to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.
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@@ -2138,65 +2124,65 @@ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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A man in Taipei calls a doctor’s office to ask what he should do for his wife’s illness.
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-A: Wéi. Hello.
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+A: Wéi. Hello.
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-B: Wéi, qīngwèn Zhang Yishēng zài bu zài? Hello, is Dr. Zhāng there, please?
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+B: Wéi, qǐngwèn Zhāng Yīshēng zài bu zài? Hello, is Dr. Zhāng there, please?
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-A: Zhang Yishēng xiànzài zài kàn bìng. Qīngwèn ni y3u shì ma? Dr. Zhāng is seeing patients now. What can I do for you?
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+A: Zhāng Yīshēng xiànzài zài kàn bìng. Qǐngwèn nǐ yǒu shì ma? Dr. Zhāng is seeing patients now. What can I do for you?
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-B: W3 tàitai shēng bìng le, bìngde hěn lìhai. Tā cóng zuótiān kāishí tóu yūn, fāshāo. Zuótiān tāngle yìtiān, jīntiān zāoshàng hái fāshāo, dùzi yě hěn bù shūfu, hái tù. My wife is very sick. Yesterday she began to be dizzy and to run a fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed all day, but this morning she still had a fever, and she has abdominal pains, and she’s even vomiting.
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+B: Wǒ tàitai shēng bìng le, bìngde hěn lìhai. Tā cóng zuótiān kāishí tóu yūn, fāshāo. Zuótiān tǎngle yìtiān, jīntiān zǎoshàng hái fāshāo, dùzi yě hěn bù shūfu, hái tù. My wife is very sick. Yesterday she began to be dizzy and to run a fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed all day, but this morning she still had a fever, and she has abdominal pains, and she’s even vomiting.
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-A: Tā xiè dù ma? Does she have diarrhea?
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+A: Tā xiè dù ma? Does she have diarrhea?
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-B: Xièle jīcì. She’s had it a few times.
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+B: Xièle jǐcì. She’s had it a few times.
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-A: Tāde tīwēn shi duōshǎo? What’s her temperature?
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+A: Tāde tǐwēn shi duōshǎo? What’s her temperature?
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-B: N, sānshibādù wǔ. Uh, 38.5 degrees.
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+B: N, sānshibādù wǔ. Uh, 38.5 degrees.
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-A: Nī gěi tā chī shénme yào le ma? Have you given her any medicines?
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+A: Nǐ gěi tā chī shénme yào le ma? Have you given her any medicines?
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-B: Tā bù néng chī yào, měicì chile dōngxi jiù tù. She can’t take medicines, every time she takes any food or drink she vomits.
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+B: Tā bù néng chī yào, měicì chīle dōngxi jiù tù. She can’t take medicines, every time she takes any food or drink she vomits.
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-A: Nà nī mashang bǎ ta song dao zhèli lái. In that case bring her here right away.
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+A: Nà nǐ mǎshàng bǎ ta sòng dao zhèli lái. In that case bring her here right away.
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-B: Hǎo. Wǒmen mǎshàng jiù lái. All right. We’ll be there right away.
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+B: Hǎo. Wǒmen mǎshàng jiù lái. All right. We’ll be there right away.
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SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II
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In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a clinic.
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-N: Èrbǎiwǔshíhào! Two hundred fifty!
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+N: Èrbǎiwǔshíhào! Two hundred fifty!
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-A: Shì wǒ. That’s me.
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+A: Shì wǒ. That’s me.
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-N: Qǐng jìn. Please come in.
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+N: Qǐng jìn. Please come in.
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...
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-D: Nī zěnme bù shūfu a? What’s the matter with you?
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+D: Nī zěnme bù shūfu a? What’s the matter with you?
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-A: Wǒ tóu yūn, xiǎng tù, zǎoshang wǒ kāishī dùzi téng. I’m dizzy, nauseaous, and since this morning my “stomach” has been upset.
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+A: Wǒ tóu yūn, xiǎng tù, zǎoshang wǒ kāishǐ dùzi téng. I’m dizzy, nauseaous, and since this morning my “stomach” has been upset.
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-D: Òu. Xiè dùzi ma? Oh. Any diarrhea?
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+D: Òu. Xiè dùzi ma? Oh. Any diarrhea?
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-A: Bú xiè, hái yǒu diǎnr dàbiàn bù tōng. No, I'm even a bit constipated.
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+A: Bú xiè, hái yǒu diǎnr dàbiàn bù tōng. No, I'm even a bit constipated.
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-D: Ng? Qǐng nín bǎ shàngyī tuōle, tǎng zài zhèr, wǒ tīngting. Zhèr téng ma? Oh? Undress down to the waist, please, lie down here, and I'll have a listen. Does it hurt here?
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+D: Ng? Qǐng nín bǎ shàngyī tuōle, tǎng zài zhèr, wǒ tīngting. Zhèr téng ma? Oh? Undress down to the waist, please, lie down here, and I'll have a listen. Does it hurt here?
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-A: Bù téng. No.
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+A: Bù téng. No.
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-D: Zhèr ne? How about here?
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+D: Zhèr ne? How about here?
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-A: Āiyòu! Zhèr hěn téng. Ouch! It hurts there!
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+A: Āiyòu! Zhèr hěn téng. Ouch! It hurts there!
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-D: Nǐ cóngqiǎn yǒu wèibìng ba? Have you ever had stomach trouble before?
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+D: Nǐ cóngqiǎn yǒu wèibìng ba? Have you ever had stomach trouble before?
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-A: Xiǎode shíhou yǒu, kěshi hěn duō niǎn méiyou téngguo le. Zuótiān wǎnshàng yǒu kǎishī bù shūfu le. Yèli shuì jiào yě shuìde bù hǎo, xīngle hǎo jǐcì. When I was a child I did, but I haven't had any pain for many years. Last night it began to feel bad again. During the night I slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times.
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+A: Xiǎode shíhou yǒu, kěshi hěn duō niǎn méiyou téngguo le. Zuótiān wǎnshàng yǒu kāishǐ bù shūfu le. Yèli shuì jiào yě shuìde bù hǎo, xǐngle hǎo jǐcì. When I was a child I did, but I haven't had any pain for many years. Last night it began to feel bad again. During the night I slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times.
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-D: Hǎo, wǒ gěi ni kǎi ge yàofāng. Chīle yào, xiūxi xiuxi, yàoshi bù hǎo, xiàge xīngqī zài lái kànkan. All right. I’ll write you a prescription. After you take the medicine, get some rest, and if it doesn't get better, come and see me again next week.
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+D: Hǎo, wǒ gěi ni kǎi ge yàofāng. Chīle yào, xiūxi xiuxi, yàoshi bù hǎo, xiàge xīngqī zài lái kànkan. All right. I’ll write you a prescription. After you take the medicine, get some rest, and if it doesn't get better, come and see me again next week.
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-A: Hǎo, xièxié ni! Okay, thank you.
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+A: Hǎo, xièxié ni! Okay, thank you.
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PART III
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@@ -2204,7 +2190,7 @@ REFERENCE LIST
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22. A: Nǐ liángguo tǐwēn le meiyou? Have you taken your temperature?
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- B: Liángguo le, wēndù bù gǎo, sānshiqǐdù duo yìdiǎn. Yes. My temperature isn’t high, a little over 37 degrees.
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+ B: Liángguo le, wēndù bù gǎo, sānshiqǐdù duō yìdiǎn. Yes. My temperature isn’t high, a little over 37 degrees.
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23. Nǐ yào duō xiūxi xiūxi, duō hē kāishuǐ. You need to rest a lot and drink a lot of (boiled) water.
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@@ -2218,7 +2204,7 @@ REFERENCE LIST
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28. kāi dāo to operate; to be operated on
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-29. dǐ to be low
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+29. dī to be low
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REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III
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@@ -2231,7 +2217,7 @@ Nǐ wūzilide wēndù shi duōshǎo? What’s the temperature in your room?
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[There is another word qìwén, literally “air temperature,” used, for
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example, in weather reports.]
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-wēndù bù gǎo: “the temperature is not high” Normal body temperature (98.6’ F) is 37° Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
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+wēndù bù gāo: “the temperature is not high” Normal body temperature (98.6’ F) is 37° Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
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kāishuǐ: “boiled water” This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishuǐ is served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good.
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@@ -2247,9 +2233,9 @@ kāi dāo: “to operate; to be operated on,” literally “to open or operate
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DIALOGUE FOR PART III
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-In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.
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+In Běijīng a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.
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-D: Chīle wǒ gěi nide yào, hǎo yidiǎnr le ma? Are you a little better after having taken the medicine I gave you?
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+D: Chīle wǒ gěi nide yào, hǎo yìdiǎnr le ma? Are you a little better after having taken the medicine I gave you?
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A: Háishi tóu téng, hóulong téng, shuì jiào shuìde hěn bù hǎo, yèli chángcháng xǐng. I still have a headache, and I’m not sleeping well at all. I often wake up at night.
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@@ -2257,17 +2243,17 @@ D: Wǒ kànkan nide hóulong. Let me have a look at your throat.
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A: Ā. Ahhh.
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-D: Nǐde hóulong hěn hóng. Qǐng ba shàngyī tuōle. Késou yishēng.* Hǎo. Nǐ xiān liángliang tǐwēn, ránhòu wǒ zài gěi nǐ liáng xuěyā. ... Wēndù bù gāo, sānshiqī dù. Nǐ coógqián yǒu xuěyā gāo ma? Your throat is very red. Please take off your upper clothes. Cough. Okay. First I’ll take your temperature, and then I'll take your blood pressure. ... Your temperature isn't high, 37 degrees. Have you had high blood pressure before?
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+D: Nǐde hóulong hěn hóng. Qǐng bǎ shàngyī tuōle. Késou yishēng.* Hǎo. Nǐ xiān liángliang tǐwēn, ránhòu wǒ zài gěi nǐ liáng xuěyā. ... Wēndù bù gāo, sānshiqī dù. Nǐ cóngqián yǒu xuěyā gāo ma? Your throat is very red. Please take off your upper clothes. Cough. Okay. First I’ll take your temperature, and then I'll take your blood pressure. ... Your temperature isn't high, 37 degrees. Have you had high blood pressure before?
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-A: Méiyou. No.
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+A: Méiyou. No.
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-D: Jīntiān nǐde xuěyā yoǒ diǎnr gāo, dàgài shi zuótiān yèli shuìde bù hǎo. Your blood pressure is a little high today. It's probably that you didn't sleep well last night.
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+D: Jīntiān nǐde xuěyā yǒu diǎnr gāo, dàgài shi zuótiān yèli shuìde bù hǎo. Your blood pressure is a little high today. It's probably that you didn't sleep well last night.
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-A: Yīshēng, yíge lǐbài le, zěnme hái méi hǎo? Doctor, it's been a week. How come I’m still not better?
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+A: Yīshēng, yíge lǐbài le, zěnme hái méi hǎo? Doctor, it's been a week. How come I’m still not better?
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-D: Liúxíngxìng gǎnmào hěn bù róngyi hǎo. Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi ge yàofāng, zài chī diǎnr āsipilín. Nǐ hái yào duō hē diǎnr kāishuǐ, duo xiūxi xiuxi. Influenza is really not easy to get rid of. I'll write you a prescription, and you take some more aspirin. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) water, and get a lot of rest.
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+D: Liúxíngxìng gǎnmào hěn bù róngyi hǎo. Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi ge yàofāng, zài chī diǎnr āsipilín. Nǐ hái yào duō hē diǎnr kāishuǐ, duo xiūxi xiuxi. Influenza is really not easy to get rid of. I'll write you a prescription, and you take some more aspirin. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) water, and get a lot of rest.
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-A: Hǎo, xièxie nǐ. Okay, thank you.
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+A: Hǎo, xièxie nǐ. Okay, thank you.
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NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
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@@ -2300,7 +2286,7 @@ lìhai to be severe, to be fierce
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liúxíngxìng gǎnmào influenza, flu
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nèikē internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine
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nèikē yīshēng internist, physician
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-shàngyǐ upper garment
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+shàngyī upper garment
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shēng to develop (as in shēng bìng)
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shēng bìng to get sick, to become ill
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tǎng to lie, to recline
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@@ -2328,6 +2314,8 @@ yīyuàn hospital
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yūn to be dizzy
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zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion
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+Unit 6
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+
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PART I
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REFERENCE LIST
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